DOCSLIB.ORG

Xerox University Microfilms

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Xerox University Microfilms INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting ttao-an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 76-24,703 WAGENER, Mary Louise, 1948- PIONEER JOURNALISTINNEN, TWO EARLY TWENTIETH- CENTURY VrtNNtStcASES: BERTA ZUCKERKANDL AND ALICE SCHALEK. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976 History, modern Xerox University Microfilms,Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 © Copyright by Mary Louise Wagener 1976 PIONEER JOURNALISTINNEN, TWO EARLY TWENTIETH-CENTURY VIENNESE CASES: BERTA ZUCKERKANDL AND ALICE SCHALEK DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Mary Louise Wagener, B.A., M.A. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1976 Reading Committee: Approved by Professor Carole Rogel Professor June Fullmer Professor John Rothney Adviser Department of History PREFACE The idea of fin de siecle Vienna conjures up many images, intellectual and erotic. Integral to the period which spawned these images are the influential newspapers and the journalists who wrote for them. This study will, I sincerely hope, shed new light on that fascinating period by focusing on the contribution of the Viennese Joumalistin of the period as represented by two women journalists, Berta Zucfcerkandl and Alice Schalek. Thus, a close 1 examination of these participants in the formative phase of twentieth-century cul­ ture will perhaps serve as a partial corrective for the traditional conception of the woman's passive role in Viennese intellectual life. My initial interest in the period was stimulated by research for my Master's thesis, "Arthur Schnitzler and the Decline of Austrian Liberalism," and heightened by reading William Johnston's brilliant volume on intellectual and social history, The Austrian Mind. To an extent I have followed Johnston's suggestion that scholars "reexamine the entire range of modern Austrian thought." This dissertation begins to explore the active role of women in the "woman-steeped society" of fin de siecle Vienna. i In my effort I have been aided by intellectuals in both the United States and Austria. Professor Kurt Paupie’, University ii of Vienna's Institute fur Zeitungswissenschaften, Frau Professor Hermine Miiller-Hofmann, Dr. Gunther Nenning of the Austrian Jour­ nalists' Union and Liljan Espenak of New York provided valuable clues to the personalities and circumstances of the early Journalxstinnen. The staffs of the Osterreichische Nationalbibliothek, Kriegsarchiv and Bibliothek der Stadt Wien were most helpful. Finally, I owe special thanks to my advisor, Professor Carole Rogel, for her insightful editorial assistance, and to those readers who, in the manner of Karl Kraus, contributed perceptive critical comment. iii VITA. March. 24, 1948 Born. - Springfield, Massachusetts / 1970 ............... B.A., magna cum laud a, Marymount College, Tarrytown, New York 1970-1975.................. University Fellow, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (dissertation Fellowship Year in Vienna, Austria, 1974-1975) 19.71-1974; 19.75-1976 .... Teaching Associate, Department of History, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1972 ..................... M.A., with distinction, The Ohio • State University, Columbus,. Ohio FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: European History East Central Europe: Professor Carole Rogel Nineteenth Century France: Professor John Rothney Twentieth Century European Intellectual History: Professor David Lindenfeld Colonial Latin America: Professor Stephan Stoan iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE.................................................. II V I T A 1 ...... Iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS..................................... vi CHAPTER I. - INTRODUCTION.................................... 1 II. THE VIENNESE PRESS SINCE 1848 AND THE EMERGENCE OF WOMEN JOURNALISTS IN VIENNA...................................... 8 III. BERTA ZUCKERKANDL: JOURNALISTIN AND PUBLICIST OF MODERN ART AND CULTURE.............. 56 IV. ALICE SCHALEK, CAREER JOURNALISTIN: PIONEER TRAVEL WRITER AND WAR CORRESPONDENT................................... 125 V. CONCLUSIONS.............. 186 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................. 198 v LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AI - AM IS0N20 MARZ BIS JULI 1916 KPQ - KRIEGSPRE S S EQUARTIER NFP - NEUE FREIE PRESSE NWJ - NEUES WIENER JOURNAL NWT - NEUES WIENER TAGBLATT TiW - TIROL IM WAFFEN KRIEGSBERICHTE VON PER TIROLER FRONT WAZ - WIENER ALLGEMEINE ZEITUNG vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION As the title of this dissertation indicates, women were indeed active in the influential press of Vienna in the early twen­ tieth century. The following pages will examine in detail the work of two individual Journalistinnen of the period and will demonstrate that they had a definite, positive impact on the society which nur­ tured the cultural flowering that accompanied the decline of the Habsburg Empire. First I offer a preliminary survey of the develop­ ment of the press in Vienna after 1848 and of the social and economic circumstances encountered by the first Viennese women journalists. Following this, I investigate the intellectual contributions of the two most noted Journalistinnen of the early twentieth century: Berta Zuckerkandl, the first woman journalist of any importance who contri­ buted regularly to the Viennese press and Alice Schalek, the first woman travel and war correspondent to write for a Viennese newspaper. In examining the published work of these previously uninvestigated figures of the Viennese press, the historian gains a valuable insight into pre- and postwar Viennese society and cultural life from the perceptive viewpoint of two observant and well-placed Journalistinnen. However, Berta Zucfcerkandl and Alice Schalek utilized their positions not merely to serve as ''Spiegel der Zeit” (mirrors of the time), hut to crusade actively and effectively for their own particular causes. Both seemed aware that intellectual life and social mores in their city were in need of criticism, yet a sense of mission and a basic pride in Vienna prevented them from losing all faith in its powers of recuperation. Zuckerkandl championed the modem in art and theater against the Viennese predilection for an eclectic conventional style. Schalek sought to overcome Viennese indifference to the world outside the Kaiserstadt by drawing attention to two neglected aspects of the outside world: the situation of women and the fate of the com­ mon soldier in World War I. But their efforts would prove to be only partial remedies to Vienna's malaise, a fact that became clear to these Journalistinnen only when they were forced to flee into exile in 1938. As apolitical journalists, they campaigned against cultural ignorance and social insularity and gained the attention of their often indifferent fellow citizens for their causes through the most influential news medium of the period— the daily press. Newspapers played a major role in conditioning the social and intellectual milieu of the Habsburg capital. No Austrian with intellectual aspirations neglected a daily dissection of the various Viennese gazettes available for leisurely perusal at his favorite coffeehouse. In such a society a skilled professional journalist obviously had great influence. Indeed, wags when referring to Moritz Benedikt, the editor of the Neue Freie Fresse from 1880 to 1920, \ \ \ 3 remarked that next to him Emperor Francis. Joseph, was the most impor- 1 taat personage in Austria. i This state of affairs had not always prevailed in the Cisleithian part of the Empire. The initial section of my paper describes the rapid growth of the Viennese press after 1848, leading to the development of a number of mass circulation dailies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LA RONDE EXPLORES PSYCHOLOGICAL DANCE of RELATIONSHIPS New Professor Brings Edgy Movement to Freudian-Inspired Play
    FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: January 30, 2009 PASSION, POWER & SEDUCTION – LA RONDE EXPLORES PSYCHOLOGICAL DANCE OF RELATIONSHIPS New professor brings edgy movement to Freudian-inspired play. 2008/2009 Season What better time to dissect the psychology of relationships and human sexuality than just after Valentine’s Day? 3 LA RONDE Where better than at the University of Victoria Phoenix Theatre's production of La Ronde, February 19 to 28, 2009. February 19 – 28, 2009 By Arthur Schnitzler Steeped in the struggles of psychology, sex, relationships and social classes, Arthur Schnitzler's play La Ronde, Direction: Conrad Alexandrowicz th Set & Lighting Design: Paphavee Limkul (MFA) written in 1897, explores ten couples in Viennese society in the late 19 century. Structured like a round, in music or Costume Design: Cat Haywood (MFA) dance, La Ronde features a cast of five men and five women and follows their intricately woven encounters through Stage Manager: Lydia Comer witty, innuendo-filled dialogue. From a soldier and a prostitute, to an actress and a count, their intimate A psychological dance of passion, power and relationships transcend social and economic status to comment on the sexual mores of the day. Schnitzler himself seduction through Viennese society in the 1890s. was no stranger to such curiosities. A close friend of Sigmund Freud, Schnitzler was considered Freud's creative Advisory: Mature subject matter, sexual equivalent. He shared Freud’s fascination with sex: historians have noted that he began frequenting prostitutes at content. age sixteen and recording meticulously in his diary an analysis of every orgasm he achieved! Recently appointed professor of acting and movement, director Conrad Alexandrowicz gives La Ronde a contemporary twist while maintaining the late 19th century period of the play.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecce Friedell Zum 130
    FORSCHUNG ................................................................................................................ Renate Reschke Ecce Friedell Zum 130. Geburtstag und zum 70. Todestag von Egon Friedell Alfred Polgar hat Friedell (1878–1938) eine »selten gewordene Spielart des moder- nen Kulturmenschen« genannt. Er war ein Multitalent: Doktor der Philosophie, Dra- maturg, Literaturwissenschaftler, Kabarettist, Schauspieler, Schriftsteller und Autor einer der geistreichsten Kulturgeschichten, mit der er zu den großen Kultur- historikern gehört. Er verkörpert wie nur wenige die Moderne des 20. Jahrhun- derts. Als die Gestapo ihn 1938 verhaften will, springt er aus dem Fenster seiner Wiener Wohnung. An ihn ist zu erinnern. Mit dem anzüglichen »Ecce«, das dem Dichterfreund Peter Al- tenberg galt: Ecce Poeta. Ein paar Semester Berlin KULTURWISSENSCHAFT Ecce Friedell. Die Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität hat Egon Fried- mann, seit 1916 offiziell Friedell, nur selten gesehen. Er hatte sich nach mehreren erfolglosen Abiturversu- chen am 16.11.1897 an der Alma mater berolinensis für Philosophie und Germanistik unter der Nummer »2267/88. Rektorat« eingeschrieben, wurde aber bereits am 18.4.1899 wegen »Unfleiß« und »Nichtan- nahme der Vorlesungen« aus dem Studentenregister Abb. 2 gelöscht (Abb. 1). Man bescheinigte ihm nur, dass er Egon Friedell als Student der Philosophischen Fakultät nicht ganz unbekannt (Annemarie Kotab, Friedell-Archiv Kufstein) war. Ob er überhaupt und welche Vorlesungen er besucht hat, darüber lässt sich nur mutmaßen. Sein dern als Möglichkeit, zu denken, was »noch niemand Interesse galt jedenfalls der Geschichte und Literatur, gedacht hat, was recht eigentlich die Aufgabe des der Philosophiegeschichte und den alten Sprachen. So menschlichen Denkens und der Wissenschaft ist.« ist zu vermuten, dass er in dieser Richtung das eine oder andere Angebot genutzt haben wird.
    [Show full text]
  • REGISTRATION FORM (43 1) 712 41 65 (43 1) 714 67 69 Fax Back To: Marizel Aguirre, Client Relations Executive on (43 1) 712 41 65
    Five easy ways to register 1. Fax REGISTRATION FORM (43 1) 712 41 65 (43 1) 714 67 69 Fax back to: Marizel Aguirre, Client Relations Executive on (43 1) 712 41 65 ρ Yes, please register me and/or my colleague(s) for The Ninth Business Roundtable 2. Telephone with the Government of Poland, April 16th, The Westin, Warsaw (43 1) 712 41 61 41 and return this form to confirm your registration A Delegate details 3. Online (Please photocopy this form to register more than one delegate) Our Ref: PAIZ Register online at: Surname (Dr/Mr/Mrs/Ms): www. economistconferences.com First name: __________________________________________________________ 4. E-mail Job title: ____________________________________________________________ E-mail your details to: [email protected] Region of responsibility: ρ Global ρ EMEA ρ CEEMEA ρ CEE ρ EU ρPoland Company: __________________________________________________________ 5. Post Post the completed form Company VAT No.:____________________________________________________ with your payment details to: Nature of business: ___________________________________________________ Marizel Aguirre Economist Conferences Address: ___________________________________________________________ Öelzeltgasse 3/7 Town/city: __________________________________________________________ 1030 Vienna, Austria Postcode: Country: NB: Delegate fee(s) must be paid in full prior to the event. Tel: Fax: E-mail: _____________________________________________________________ Substitutions/cancellations If you are unable to attend the conference for any reason, you may make B Pricing details and special offers substitutions at no extra charge but we would appreciate prior notice. If you wish Standard delegate fee (including documentation): EURO 1,750 per person to cancel your booking we require at least EURO 200 discount when two or more delegates from the same company register together. 21 days' prior written notice.
    [Show full text]
  • The Empire in the Provinces: the Case of Carinthia
    religions Article The Empire in the Provinces: The Case of Carinthia Helmut Konrad Institut für Geschichte, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Attemsgasse 8/II, [505] 8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected] Academic Editors: Malachi Hacohen and Peter Iver Kaufman Received: 16 May 2016; Accepted: 1 August 2016; Published: 5 August 2016 Abstract: This article examines the legacy of the Habsburg Monarchy in the First Austrian Republic, both in the capital, Vienna, and in the province of Carinthia. It concludes that Social Democracy, often cited as one of the six ingredients that held the old Empire together, took on distinct forms in the Republic’s different federal states. The scholarly literature on the post-1918 “heritage” of the Monarchy therefore needs to move beyond monolithic generalizations and toward regionally focused comparative studies. Keywords: empire; socialism; Jews; Habsburg Monarchy; Austria; Vienna; Carinthia; German Nationalism; Sprachenkampf 1. Introduction Which forms did the ideas take that allowed the Habsburg monarchy to persist, despite the diversity of nationalisms present in the small Republic of German-Austria, for so long after the end of the First World War? What was the “glue” that held this multiethnic empire together, when its collapse had been predicted since 1848, and which of its elements continued to exist beyond 1918? How was this heritage expressed in the different regions of the new republic? At least six factors can be identified as ingredients of the “glue” that held the monarchy together: first, the Emperor, a figure who symbolized the fusion of the complex linguistic, ethnic and religious components of the Habsburg state; second, the administrative officials, who were loyal to the Emperor and worked in the ubiquitous and even architecturally similar buildings of the Monarchy’s district authorities and train stations; third, the army, whose members promoted the imperial ideals through their long terms of service and acknowledged linguistic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Eastern Europe
    NAZI PLANS for EASTE RN EUR OPE A Study of Lebensraum Policies SECRET NAZI PLANS for EASTERN EUROPE A Study of Lebensraum Policies hy Ihor Kamenetsky ---- BOOKMAN ASSOCIATES :: New York Copyright © 1961 by Ihor Kamenetsky Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 61-9850 MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY UNITED PRINTING SERVICES, INC. NEW HAVEN, CONN. TO MY PARENTS Preface The dawn of the twentieth century witnessed the climax of imperialistic competition in Europe among the Great Pow­ ers. Entrenched in two opposing camps, they glared at each other over mountainous stockpiles of weapons gathered in feverish armament races. In the one camp was situated the Triple Entente, in the other the Triple Alliance of the Central Powers under Germany's leadership. The final and tragic re­ sult of this rivalry was World War I, during which Germany attempted to realize her imperialistic conception of M itteleuropa with the Berlin-Baghdad-Basra railway project to the Near East. Thus there would have been established a transcontinental highway for German industrial and commercial expansion through the Persian Gull to the Asian market. The security of this highway required that the pressure of Russian imperi­ alism on the Middle East be eliminated by the fragmentation of the Russian colonial empire into its ethnic components. Germany· planned the formation of a belt of buffer states ( asso­ ciated with the Central Powers and Turkey) from Finland, Beloruthenia ( Belorussia), Lithuania, Poland to Ukraine, the Caucasus, and even to Turkestan. The outbreak and nature of the Russian Revolution in 1917 offered an opportunity for Imperial Germany to realize this plan.
    [Show full text]
  • „Ödön Von Horváths Werk Im Spiegel Der Realen Sozialen Verhältnisse Der Weimarer Republik“
    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Ödön von Horváths Werk im Spiegel der realen sozialen Verhältnisse der Weimarer Republik“ Verfasserin Doris Rosa Zisser angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 332 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Deutsche Philologie Betreuer: Doz. Mag. Dr. Klaus Kastberger 2 Inhalt 1. Vorwort ........................................................................................................... 5 2. Rezeptionsgeschichte. Ein Überblick ........................................................... 7 2.1 Von den Anfängen bis in die siebziger Jahre ........................................ 7 2.2 Zur Sprache der Horváthschen Figuren ................................................ 9 2.3 Die Rezeption in den achtziger Jahren – das Werk im geistesgeschichtlichen und sozialen Kontext ................................................. 11 2.4 Die psychoanalytische Interpretation der neunziger Jahre ............... 13 2.5 Gegenwart .............................................................................................. 15 3. Biografische Daten ....................................................................................... 16 3.1 Der Ausgangspunkt – die Donaumonarchie ....................................... 16 3.2 Kindheit und Jugend Ödön von Horváths – die Jahre bis 1920 ........... 18 3.3 Erste schriftstellerische Versuche – 1920 bis 1924 ................................ 21 Exkurs: Berlin in den Zwanziger Jahren ......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Barings Bank Disaster Man Family of Merchants and Bankers
    VOICES ON... Korn Ferry Briefings The Voice of Leadership HISTORY Baring, a British-born member of the famed Ger- January 17, 1995, the devastating earthquake in Barings Bank Disaster man family of merchants and bankers. Barings Kobe sent the Nikkei tumbling, and Leeson’s losses was England’s oldest merchant bank; it financed reached £827 million, more than the entire capital the Napoleonic Wars and the Louisiana Purchase, and reserve funds of the bank. A young rogue trader brings down a 232-year-old bank. and helped finance the United States government Leeson and his wife fled Singapore, trying to “I’m sorry,” he says. during the War of 1812. At its peak, it was a global get back to London, and made it as far as Frankfurt financial institution with a powerful influence on airport, where he was arrested. He fought extradi- the world’s economy. tion back to Singapore for nine months but was BY GLENN RIFKIN Leeson, who grew up in the middle-class eventually returned, tried, and found guilty. He was London suburb of Watford, began his career in sentenced to six years in prison and served more the mid-1980s as a clerk with Coutts, the royal than four years. His wife divorced him, and he was bank, followed by a succession of jobs at other diagnosed with colon cancer while in prison, which banks, before landing at Barings. Ambitious and got him released early. He survived treatment and aggressive, he was quickly promoted settled in Galway, Ireland. In the past to the trading floor, and in 1992 he was “WE WERE 24 years, Leeson remarried and had two appointed manager of a new operation sons.
    [Show full text]
  • German Jewish Refugees in the United States and Relationships to Germany, 1938-1988
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO “Germany on Their Minds”? German Jewish Refugees in the United States and Relationships to Germany, 1938-1988 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Anne Clara Schenderlein Committee in charge: Professor Frank Biess, Co-Chair Professor Deborah Hertz, Co-Chair Professor Luis Alvarez Professor Hasia Diner Professor Amelia Glaser Professor Patrick H. Patterson 2014 Copyright Anne Clara Schenderlein, 2014 All rights reserved. The Dissertation of Anne Clara Schenderlein is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair _____________________________________________________________________ Co-Chair University of California, San Diego 2014 iii Dedication To my Mother and the Memory of my Father iv Table of Contents Signature Page ..................................................................................................................iii Dedication ..........................................................................................................................iv Table of Contents ...............................................................................................................v
    [Show full text]
  • Shattering Fragility: Illness, Suicide, and Refusal in Fin-De-Siècle Viennese Literature
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Shattering Fragility: Illness, Suicide, and Refusal in Fin-De-Siècle Viennese Literature Melanie Jessica Adley University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the German Literature Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Adley, Melanie Jessica, "Shattering Fragility: Illness, Suicide, and Refusal in Fin-De-Siècle Viennese Literature" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 729. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/729 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/729 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Shattering Fragility: Illness, Suicide, and Refusal in Fin-De-Siècle Viennese Literature Abstract How fragile is the femme fragile and what does it mean to shatter her fragility? Can there be resistance or even strength in fragility, which would make it, in turn, capable of shattering? I propose that the fragility embodied by young women in fin-de-siècle Vienna harbored an intentionality that signaled refusal. A confluence of factors, including psychoanalysis and hysteria, created spaces for the fragile to find a voice. These bourgeois women occupied a liminal zone between increased access to opportunities, both educational and political, and traditional gender expectations in the home. Although in the late nineteenth century the femme fragile arose as a literary and artistic type who embodied a wan, ethereal beauty marked by delicacy and a passivity that made her more object than authoritative subject, there were signs that illness and suicide could be effectively employed to reject societal mores.
    [Show full text]
  • The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
    The Jewish Middle Class in Vienna in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries Erika Weinzierl Emeritus Professor of History University of Vienna Working Paper 01-1 October 2003 ©2003 by the Center for Austrian Studies (CAS). Permission to reproduce must generally be obtained from CAS. Copying is permitted in accordance with the fair use guidelines of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976. CAS permits the following additional educational uses without permission or payment of fees: academic libraries may place copies of CAS Working Papers on reserve (in multiple photocopied or electronically retrievable form) for students enrolled in specific courses; teachers may reproduce or have reproduced multiple copies (in photocopied or electronic form) for students in their courses. Those wishing to reproduce CAS Working Papers for any other purpose (general distribution, advertising or promotion, creating new collective works, resale, etc.) must obtain permission from the Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota, 314 Social Sciences Building, 267 19th Avenue S., Minneapolis MN 55455. Tel: 612-624-9811; fax: 612-626-9004; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction: The Rise of the Viennese Jewish Middle Class The rapid burgeoning and advancement of the Jewish middle class in Vienna commenced with the achievement of fully equal civil and legal rights in the Fundamental Laws of December 1867 and the inter-confessional Settlement (Ausgleich) of 1868. It was the victory of liberalism and the constitutional state, a victory which had immediate and phenomenal demographic and social consequences. In 1857, Vienna had a total population of 287,824, of which 6,217 (2.16 per cent) were Jews.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 1 December 2009 DRAFT Jonathan Petropoulos Bridges from the Reich: the Importance of Émigré Art Dealers As Reflecte
    Working Paper--Draft 1 December 2009 DRAFT Jonathan Petropoulos Bridges from the Reich: The Importance of Émigré Art Dealers as Reflected in the Case Studies Of Curt Valentin and Otto Kallir-Nirenstein Please permit me to begin with some reflections on my own work on art plunderers in the Third Reich. Back in 1995, I wrote an article about Kajetan Mühlmann titled, “The Importance of the Second Rank.” 1 In this article, I argued that while earlier scholars had completed the pioneering work on the major Nazi leaders, it was now the particular task of our generation to examine the careers of the figures who implemented the regime’s criminal policies. I detailed how in the realm of art plundering, many of the Handlanger had evaded meaningful justice, and how Datenschutz and archival laws in Europe and the United States had prevented historians from reaching a true understanding of these second-rank figures: their roles in the looting bureaucracy, their precise operational strategies, and perhaps most interestingly, their complex motivations. While we have made significant progress with this project in the past decade (and the Austrians, in particular deserve great credit for the research and restitution work accomplished since the 1998 Austrian Restitution Law), there is still much that we do not know. Many American museums still keep their curatorial files closed—despite protestations from researchers (myself included)—and there are records in European archives that are still not accessible.2 In light of the recent international conference on Holocaust-era cultural property in Prague and the resulting Terezin Declaration, as well as the Obama Administration’s appointment of Stuart Eizenstat as the point person regarding these issues, I am cautiously optimistic.
    [Show full text]
  • Ikonotheka 30, 2020
    IKONOTHEKA 30, 2020 Tomáš Murár insTiTuTe oF arT hisTory, czech academy oF sciences, czech republic orcid: 0000-0002-3418-1941 https://doi.org/10.31338/2657-6015ik.30.1 “A work of art is an object that necessitates contemplation”. Latency of visual studies within the Vienna School of Art History? Abstract This article investigates a research method of the so-called Vienna School of Art History, mainly its transformation by Max Dvořák around the First World War. The article suggests the possible influence of Georg Simmel’s philosophy on Dvořák in this time, evident mainly in Dvořák’s interpretation of Pieter Bruegel the Elder’s art, written by Dvořák in 1920 and published posthumously in 1921. This another view on the Vienna School of Art History is then researched in writings on Pieter Bruegel the Elder by Dvořák’s students Hans Sedlmayr and Charles de Tolnay when Tolnay extended Dvořák’s thinking and Sedlmayr challenged its premises – both Tolnay and Sedlmayr thus in the same time interpreted Bruegel’s art differently, even though they were both Dvořák’s students. The article then suggests a possible interpretative relationship of the Vienna School of Art History after its transformation by Max Dvořák with today’s approaches to art (history), mainly with the so-called visual studies. Keywords: Max Dvořák, Vienna School of Art History, Georg Simmel, Visual Studies, Charles de Tolnay, Hans Sedlmayr. Introduction In Max Dvořák’s text on the art of Pieter Bruegel the Elder, written in 1920 and published posthumously in 1921,1 a reference to Georg Simmel’s interpretation of 1 M.
    [Show full text]