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Zimbabwe Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan

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Zimbabwe Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plan Language: English Original: English PROJECT: NORTH-EAST NETWORK REHABILITATION PROJECT (NENRP) COUNTRY: ZIMBABWE ABBREVIATED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (ARAP) SUMMARY Date: June 2018 Team Leader(s) : L. HARMSE, PESD.2 E. MUGUTI, RDGS.1 Team Members : E. AUER, Social Development Specialist, SNSC/RDGS.3 Y. HATIRA, Environmental Specialist, SNSC/RDGS.3 Appraisal Team Regional Director: J. NGURE, RDGS.0 Sector Director: B. BALDEH, PESD.0 Department Manager: F. KANONDA, RDGS.1 1 Abbreviated RAP Project Title: North-East Network Project Number: P-ZW-FA0-016 Rehabilitation Project (NENRP) Country: Zimbabwe Department: PESD Division: PESD2 Project Category: 1 1. Description of the project, project area and area of influence. The proposed project involves construction of a Single Wolf 132kV transmission line from Atlanta 132/36kV substation to Mutoko town. The existing Atlanta substation already has space to accommodate a new line bay. The transmission line will terminate in the proposed Mutoko 132/33kV substation in Mutoko town centre. The new Mutoko 132kV substation will be equipped with 2 x 30/50MVA transformers and 7 x 33kV line bays (and a high capacity 36kV line will be constructed from Mutoko) and will have a footprint of approximately 1.5 hectares. An access road will be constructed to the substation site. Some of the existing 33kV lines will be re-routed into the new Mutoko substation and the existing Murewa – Mutoko 132kV line will undergo rehabilitation works to prepare it for the voltage upgrade. The indicative scope of work includes the following: Bay extension at Atlanta 132/33kV Substation for the new to be constructed 132kV transmission line; Refurbishment of 4 x 33kV circuit breakers and associated equipment, currently non-functional Construction of 42km x 132kV monopole, single circuit transmission line from Atlanta – Murewa and rehabilitation works on the existing Murewa –Mutoko 132kV lattice structure line (66km); Construction of a new Mutoko 132kV substation equipped with 2 x 30/50MVA, 132/36kV Substation at Mutoko and 7 x 36kV line bays; Re-routing part of the existing 33kV lines into the new Mutoko substation; Downstream Network Refurbishment and new customer connection; Social up-liftment activities, including the drilling of boreholes, construction of a mothers waiting shelters, and the construction of community dip tanks for various villages. Administratively the proposed Atlanta – Mutoko 132kV transmission line and substation project lies in Mashonaland East Province. Within the province, the project spans three jurisdictions namely Mutoko, Murewa and Goromonzi Rural District Councils. However, the transmission line will also serve two other districts, namely Mudzi and Uzumba-Maramba-Pfungwe (UMP) Rural District Councils. The alternative substations site as well as the transmission line routes that were considered are presented in the ESIA study. 2. Potential impacts 2.1.Alternatives Considered The routing of the line was considered following the conclusion of the technical studies and the recommendation to construct the Atlanta- Mutoko 132kV line. The guiding principle in selecting the line route was that it should be a route with the least environmental and social impacts. In line with this principle, four potential routes were identified and investigated, these were Alt. 1 – 42 km (recommended); Alt. 2 – 47 km; Alt. 3 – 46 km and Bee Line – 38 km. In all cases, the route 2 had to terminate at the point where the new line from Atlanta joins the existing line outside Murewa Centre. On the basis of the comparison, alternative 1 which is 42km long was selected as the best line route option. The main advantage of the route is that it has the least number of relocations, and entails less vegetation clearance as access roads are available over much of the route. The route will result in less vegetation losses and less habitat disturbances compared to the other options. The route therefore has more social and environmental advantages compared to the other alternative routes. 2.2.Identified Impacts 2.2.1. Wayleave Clearing Activities that would give rise to environmental and social impacts include establishment of the way leave, transmission line construction, siting and construction of associated construction camps, upgrading of access roads and construction of the switching station. In order to minimize impacts on both the social and natural environments, a line route that follows an existing line was selected. 2.2.2. Physical Displacement Of Settlements Line routing was carefully undertaken with the objective of avoiding settlements and the associated social disruptions. While efforts were made to avoid relocations as much as possible, the final route still entails physical relocation of three (3) families (Project Affected Households) from the way leave. These families will be relocated within their existing properties and new homes will be built for them by the project. 2.2.3. Economic Displacement Development of the way leave and line construction activities will directly affect agricultural crop fields for 23 farmers (Project Affected Households - PAH), a total of 138 Project Affected People (PAPs). The line will dissect crop fields hence could affect farming activities especially if undertaken during the rainy season. There is therefore potential for disturbing farming activities on the farms. However, the farmers’ use of the land will only be restricted with respect to the footprint where the monopoles will be planted. Each of the affected farmers is likely to have at most two poles planted in the fields given that the line has a span of about 300m. ZETDC chose to use the monopole because of its smaller footprint compared to alternatives like the lattice tower. This greatly reduces the overall impact associated with erection of towers on the farmers’ land. The total affected land will be 20.05 hectares. 2.2.4. Public Infrastructure and Social Services 2.2.4.1.Impact on roads Community roads will be used for transportation of materials for the line and may deteriorate as a result; however, the project is expected to upgrade these community roads to facilitate transportation of equipment and materials for the line. In view of this, community roads will be upgraded and will be left in a better state compared to what they are at the moment. Approximately 3 30km of access roads in the project area will be upgraded and will benefit the community long after the construction phase. 2.2.4.2.Impact on communal grazing area Apart from dissecting arable lands, the line will also cut across grazing lands. This will not affect livestock grazing since livestock will still be able to graze in the way leave. 3. Socio-economic studies 3.1.Population and Demographics The three rural districts dissected by the line, namely Mutoko, Murewa and Goromonzi have a combined population of 511,343 people according to the 2012 national census report. The male to female ratio averages about 49.9 to 51.1%. The project area is characterized by high maternal mortality ratio (MMR). The MMR in the project area as is higher than the overall MMR for the Mashonaland East Province (588) except for the Murewa district. Seven percent of the female population is widowed while 25.7% is orphaned. These widows and orphans are among the vulnerable groups who will benefit from social upliftment projects associated with the transmission line project. Average household size is 4.3 while household incomes are less than $50 per month. Mudzi District, which is one of the districts to benefit from the project is considered one of the poorest districts in the country, with an average poverty prevalence of 87.9%. The vast majority of people in the concerned districts have no access to electricity. The percent of dwellings with access to electricity is 24.8% in Goromonzi, Mudzi, Mutoko and Murewa districts. As a result, 90% of the population in these districts use wood fuel. A significant proportion of the people in Mudzi district do not have toilets (37.7%) and rely on the bush system which is both an environmental and public health hazard. Table 3.1. – a Demographics for the affected farmers Adult males 37 Adult females 26 Boys below 18 33 Girls below 18 30 Total 126 3.2.Social and cultural characteristics of the displaced communities Communities in the project area consist largely of the VaToko people who settled in the area long back. Over the years, economic migrants from various parts of the country settled in the area, having secured employment or participating in the utilization of the area’s natural resources. Between 2005 and 2010 more people settled in the area as a result of the Government’s Land Reform Programme. 3.3.Vulnerable Groups 4 The stakeholder consultative meetings found that disadvantaged groups of people in the area are: Widows; Child headed families; Disabled and Orphans. ZETDC is committed to ensuring that these people are given preference when it comes to employment during the construction and operational phases of the project. Respective Councilors in the project area have personal details pertaining to these people. Sixty percent of jobs will be reserved for women and other vulnerable groups. The project will refurbish schools and clinics, provide electricity to institutions used by marginalized groups as well as provision of clean water. 3.5.Settlement Patterns and Traditional Authority The project area stretches over three rural district and council areas namely Goromonzi, Murewa and Mutoko Rural District Councils. These are the districts where line construction and upgrading will take place while two other districts Mudzi and Uzumba- Maramba- Pfungwe will benefit from the downstream network refurbishment component of the project. Approximately 10km of the 42 km stretch between Atlanta substation and Murewa dissects arable lands in both commercial and communal farming areas. Settlements are sparse in the commercial farming areas but are quite dense and haphazard in nature when it comes to the communal areas.
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