DOCSLIB.ORG

AREEJ FINAL THESIS to PRINT.Pages

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The application of Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Extended Continental Shelf with Special Reference to Malaysia Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Areej Torla School of Law Brunel University October 2012 Abstract The purpose of this study was to clarify the ambiguity in the law relating to the extended continental shelf in Article 76 of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Another aim was to study the application of the law in a more focused part of the world, the region of East Asia, and in particular, Malaysia. The study also sought to propose solutions to issues relating to the extended continental shelf. The history of the law relating to the continental shelf, the codification of the law, and the enforcement of the law by the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf is presented. Besides that, Article 76 was also thoroughly discussed in order to identify the problems involved. Besides that, the two biggest issues which determine the outer limits of the continental shelf are examined. These are issues relating to ridges and submarine elevations and the application of the foot of continental slope provisions. The study examined the problems involved with the legal and scientific interface found in Article 76 and addressed them by referring to the legislative history of Article 76, State practice and the practice of the Commission. The continental shelf in the East Asian region is also analysed in order to provide an overview of the continental shelf issues in the region. Special reference to Malaysia is made as a State that has made a submission on its outer limits of the continental shelf. A thorough analysis was made based on the findings made in this study. This study also explored possible solutions to the continental shelf issues discussed. !ii Acknowledgments Although this journey was not an easy one, I was blessed with the help of many individuals. I would like to gratefully thank all those persons that have contributed to make this effort a success. My most sincere acknowledgement and gratitude goes to Dr. Andreas Dimopoulos, for his academic supervision, professional guidance and support. I would also like to acknowledge my first supervisor, the late Professor Kaiyyan Kaikobad, who had guided and supervised me in the earlier years of my research. I wish to acknowledge the scholarship awarded to me by the International Islamic University Malaysia and the Government of Malaysia. I would also like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to my parents Torla and Shafikah whose encouraging words have driven me throughout these years and to family and friends who have supported me all this while. My special thanks go to Lutfi who has gone the extra mile to help me complete this thesis. Finally, my biggest thanks goes to my husband, Aiman, for his love, encouragement, patience and support throughout the years, and our children, Amru and Wafa, who are my inspiration. !iii Table of contents Abstract ii Acknowledgements iii Table of contents iv Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The research question 2 1.3 The objectives of the study 3 1.4 Overview of chapters two to nine 5 PART 1 Chapter Two: The evolution of the continental shelf regime 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 The concept of the continental shelf under international law 8 2.3 The continental shelf: A historical perspective 10 2.3.1 The seabed prior to the 1945 Truman Proclamation 10 2.3.2 The Truman Proclamation of 1945 14 2.3.3 Other unilateral proclamations 16 2.3.4 Claims based on adjacency and distance 18 2.3.5 Overlapping claims 19 !iv 2.4 The principle of natural prolongation 21 2.5 Concluding remarks 31 Chapter Three: Codification of the law 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 The Committee of Experts 34 3.3 The International Law Commission 35 3.4 The First United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea 35 3.5 The 1958 Geneva Convention on the Continental Shelf 36 3.6 The Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea 40 3.7 The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 43 3.7.1 Classification of maritime zones 45 3.7.2 The juridical and scientific concepts of the continental shelf 50 3.7.3 Overview of Article 76 52 3.7.4 Formulae for delineation 60 3.8 Concluding remarks 65 Chapter Four: Enforcement of Article 76 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 The Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf 68 4.3 Negotiating history for the establishment of the Commission 75 4.4 The Scientific and Technical Guidelines 78 !v 4.4.1 Drafting history of the Guidelines 82 4.4.2 The effect of the Guidelines 84 4.5 The recommendations of the Commission 89 4.5.1 The effect of the recommendations 90 4.6 Dispute settlement mechanism 97 4.7 The ping-pong process 99 4.8 Concluding remarks 100 Chapter Five: Ridges and submarine elevations 5.1 Introduction 102 5.1.1 Geography 104 5.1.2 Analysis of issues 106 5.2 Legislative history of the ridge provisions 109 5.2.1 Conclusion 127 5.3 State practice 132 5.3.1 Conclusion 152 5.4 The practice of the Commission 154 5.4.1 The Scientific and Technical Guidelines 154 5.4.2 The recommendations of the Commission 159 5.4.3 Conclusion 163 5.5 Concluding remarks 165 !vi Chapter Six: Foot of the continental slope 6.1 Introduction 170 6.1.1 Geography 171 6.1.2 Analysis of issues 172 6.2 Legislative history 176 6.2.1 Conclusion 192 6.3 State practice 195 6.3.1 Conclusion 218 6.4 The practice of the Commission 220 6.4.1 The Scientific and Technical Guidelines 220 6.4.2 The recommendations of the Commission 228 6.5 Concluding remarks 231 PART 2 Chapter Seven: The continental shelf in East Asia 7.1 Introduction 239 7.2 Baselines 240 7.3 Insular features 245 7.3.1 Islands, rocks and low-tide elevations 246 7.3.2 Artificial islands 248 7.4 The East China Sea 255 7.5 The Yellow Sea 263 !vii 7.6 The Philippine Sea 263 7.7 The South China Sea 268 7.8 Concluding remarks 273 Chapter Eight: The extended continental shelf of Malaysia 8.1 Introduction 274 8.2 The historical setting 275 8.2.1 The map of 1979 279 8.3 The current law 282 8.4 The geographical setting 284 8.5 Joint submission in respect of the southern part of the South China Sea 294 8.5.1 Technical aspects of the joint submission 297 8.5.2 Geological background 301 8.5.3 The Northwest Borneo Trough 303 8.5.4 Analysis 305 8.6 Concluding remarks 322 Chapter Nine: Conclusions 9.1 Conclusions 324 9.2 Possible solutions for East Asia 333 9.3 The extended continental shelf of Malaysia 338 !viii Annexes Annex 1:Figure showing the maritime zones under the 1982 Convention 342 Annex 2: Figure showing the possible morphological features of a continental margin 343 Annex 3: Figure showing the foot of the continental slope, the legal continental shelf and the Area 344 Annex 4: The Malaysian 1979 Map (Sheet 1) 345 Annex 5: The Malaysian 1979 Map (Sheet 2) 346 Annex 6: The outer edge of the continental margin and the defined area in the southern part of the South China Sea 347 Annex 7: Map of the East Asian region 348 Annex 8: Map of Malaysia 349 Annex 9: Map of the East China Sea 350 Annex 10: Map of the Yellow Sea 351 Annex 11: Map of the Philippine Sea 352 Annex 12: Geographical location of the Benham Rise 353 Annex 13: Map showing the location of the South China Sea 354 Annex 14: Figure showing the location of the Spratly and Paracel Islands in the South China Sea 355 Annex 15: Figure showing the plate-tectonic framework of Southeast Asia 356 Annex 16: Figure showing the classic continental margin 357 !ix Bibliography I. Conventions, Legislations, Proclamations and Declarations 358 II. Table of cases 363 III. Submissions and preliminary information 365 IV. Recommendations and documents of the Commission 366 V. United Nations General Assembly Resolutions 370 VI. Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Official Records 370 VII. Other international instruments and documents 371 VIII. Books 371 IX. Journal Articles 379 X. Conference papers and online articles 382 XI. Other sources 385 !x This page intentionally left blank !xi Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Introduction Ever since the advancement of technology opened the eyes of nations to the treasures that lie beneath the seabed, States have been striving to maximise dominion over the sea in the hope of acquiring as much of the wealth buried under the sea as possible. With the struggle for economic gain comes the rivalry between States and hence, the need for a law regulating the exploitation of the seabed. After a series of unilateral proclamations declaring rights over the seabed and after the Geneva Conventions, the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea was born. The Convention is a remarkable document that is comprehensive and covers a large part of the world’s oceans. It covers a wide range of issues such as delimitation, marine research, economic issues and settlement of disputes to name a few.
Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Tsunami Hazard in Sabah – Level of Threat, Constraints and Future Work Felix Tongkul*, Rodeano Roslee, Ahmad Khairut Termizi Mohd Daud

    Assessment of Tsunami Hazard in Sabah – Level of Threat, Constraints and Future Work Felix Tongkul*, Rodeano Roslee, Ahmad Khairut Termizi Mohd Daud

    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, Volume 70, November 2020, pp. 1 - 15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7186/bgsm70202001 Assessment of tsunami hazard in Sabah – Level of threat, constraints and future work Felix Tongkul*, Rodeano Roslee, Ahmad Khairut Termizi Mohd Daud Natural Disaster Research Centre (NDRC) Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia * Corresponding author email address: [email protected] Abstract: The coastal areas of Sabah are exposed to far-field earthquake-induced tsunamis that could be generated along the trenches of Manila, Negros, Sulu, Cotabato, Sangihe and North Sulawesi. Tsunami simulation models from these trenches indicated that tsunami waves can reach the coast of Sabah between 40 and 120 minutes with tsunami wave heights reaching up to 3 m near the coast. The level of tsunami threat is high in southeast Sabah due to its narrow continental shelf and proximity to tsunami source in the North Sulawesi Trench. The level of tsunami threat is moderate in north and east Sabah due to their proximity to tsunami source in the Sulu Trench. The level of tsunami threat is low in west Sabah due to its distant location to tsunami source from the Manila Trench. While tsunamis cannot be prevented, its impact on human life and property can be reduced through proper assessment of its threat using tsunami simulation models. Unfortunately, constraints remain in producing a reliable tsunami inundation models due to the lack of high-resolution topography and bathymetry data in Sabah and surrounding seas. It would be helpful if such data can be acquired by the relevant government agencies, at least first, in high threat-level areas, such as Tawau and Semporna districts.
  • 25 the Land Capability Classification of Sabah Volume 1 the Tawau Residency

    25 the Land Capability Classification of Sabah Volume 1 the Tawau Residency

    25 The land capability classification of Sabah Volume 1 The Tawau Residency OdEXäxo] ßte©@x>a?®^ ®(^ Scanned from original by ISRIC - World Soil Information, as ICSU World Data Centre for Soils. The purpose is to make a safe depository for endangered documents and to make the accrued information available for consultation, following Fair Use Guidelines. Every effort is taken to respect Copyright of the materials within the archives where the identification of the Copyright holder is clear and, where feasible, to contact the originators. For questions please contact [email protected] indicating the item reference number concerned. The land capability classification of Sabah Volume 1 The Tawau Residency T-i2>S Land Resources Division The land capability classification of Sabah Volume 1 The Tawau Residency (with an Introduction and Summary for Volumes 1—4) P Thomas, F K C Lo and A J Hepburn Land Resource Study 25 Land Resources Division, Ministry of Overseas Development Tolworth Tower, Surbiton, Surrey, England KT6 7DY 1976 THE LAND RESOURCES DIVISION The Land Resources Division of the Ministry of Overseas Development assists develop­ ing countries in mapping, investigating and assessing land resources, and makes recommendations on the use of these resources for the development of agriculture, livestock husbandry and forestry; it also gives advice on related subjects to overseas governments and organisations, makes scientific personnel available for appointment abroad and provides lectures and training courses in the basic techniques of resource appraisal. The Division works in close cooperation with government departments, research institutes, universities and international organisations concerned with land resource assessment and development planning.
  • Mantle Structure and Tectonic History of SE Asia

    Mantle Structure and Tectonic History of SE Asia

    Nature and Demise of the Proto-South China Sea ROBERT HALL, H. TIM BREITFELD SE Asia Research Group, Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom Abstract: The term Proto-South China Sea has been used in a number of different ways. It was originally introduced to describe oceanic crust that formerly occupied the region north of Borneo where the modern South China Sea is situated. This oceanic crust was inferred to have been Mesozoic, and to have been eliminated by subduction beneath Borneo. Subduction was interpreted to have begun in Early Cenozoic and terminated in the Miocene. Subsequently the term was also used for inferred oceanic crust, now disappeared, of quite different age, notably that interpreted to have been subducted during the Late Cretaceous below Sarawak. More recently, some authors have considered that southeast-directed subduction continued until much later in the Neogene than originally proposed, based on the supposition that the NW Borneo Trough and Palawan Trough are, or were recently, sites of subduction. Others have challenged the existence of the Proto-South China Sea completely, or suggested it was much smaller than envisaged when the term was introduced. We review the different usage of the term and the evidence for subduction, particularly under Sabah. We suggest that the term Proto-South China Sea should be used only for the slab subducted beneath Sabah and Cagayan between the Eocene and Early Miocene. Oceanic crust subducted during earlier episodes of subduction in other areas should be named differently and we use the term Paleo- Pacific Ocean for lithosphere subducted under Borneo in the Cretaceous.
  • 399 International Court of Justice Case Between Indonesia And

    399 International Court of Justice Case Between Indonesia And

    International Court of Justice Case between Indonesia and Malaysia Concerning Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan Introduction On 2 November 1998 Indonesia and Malaysia jointly seised the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of their dispute concerning sovereignty over the islands of Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan in the Celebes Sea.' They did so by notifying the Court of a Special Agreement between the two states, signed in Kuala Lumpur on 31 May 1997 and which entered into force on 14 May 1998 upon the exchange of ratifying instruments. In the Special Agreement, the two parties request the Court "to determine on the basis of the treaties, agreements and other evidence furnished by [the two parties], whether sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan belongs to the Republic of Indonesia or Malaysia". The parties expressed the wish to settle their dispute "in the spirit of friendly relations existing between [them] as enunciated in the 1976 Treaty of Amity and Co-operation in Southeast Asia" and declared in advance that they will "accept the Judgement of the Court given pursuant to [the] Special Agreement as final and binding upon them." On 10 November 1998 the ICJ made an Order' fixing the time limits for the respective initial pleadings in the case as follows: 2 November 1999 for the filing by each of the parties of a Memorial; and 2 March 2000 for the filing of the counter-memorials. By this order the Court also reserved subsequent procedure on this case for future decision. In fixing the time limits for the initial written pleadings, the Court took account and applied the wishes expressed by the two parties in Article 3, paragraph 2 of their Special Agreement wherein they provided that the written pleadings should consist of: 1 International Court of Justice, Press Communique 98/35, 2 November 1998.
  • Geological Mapping of Sabah, Malaysia, Using Airborne Gravity Survey

    Geological Mapping of Sabah, Malaysia, Using Airborne Gravity Survey

    Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 05, 2021 Geological Mapping of Sabah, Malaysia, Using Airborne Gravity Survey Fauzi Nordin, Ahmad; Jamil, Hassan; Noor Isa, Mohd; Mohamed, Azhari; Hj. Tahir, Sanudin; Musta, Baba ; Forsberg, René; Olesen, Arne Vestergaard; Nielsen, Jens Emil; Majid A. Kadir, Abd Total number of authors: 13 Published in: Borneo Science, The Journal of Science and Technology Publication date: 2016 Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Fauzi Nordin, A., Jamil, H., Noor Isa, M., Mohamed, A., Hj. Tahir, S., Musta, B., Forsberg, R., Olesen, A. V., Nielsen, J. E., Majid A. Kadir, A., Fahmi Abd Majid, A., Talib, K., & Aman Sulaiman, S. (2016). Geological Mapping of Sabah, Malaysia, Using Airborne Gravity Survey. Borneo Science, The Journal of Science and Technology, 37(2), 14-27. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
  • A Sabah Gazetteer

    A Sabah Gazetteer

    A Sabah Gazetteer Copyright © Sabah Forestry Department and Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 1995 Forest Research Centre, Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia First published 1995 A Sabah Gazetteer by Joseph Tangah and K.M. Wong ISBN 983–9592–36–X Printed in Malaysia by Print Resources Sdn. Bhd., 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan A Sabah Gazetteer Joseph Tangah and K.M. Wong Forest Research Centre, Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Published by Sabah Forestry Department and Forest Research Institute Malaysia 1995 Contents Page Foreword vii Introduction 1 Acknowledgements 2 PART 1. Human Settlements 3 PART 2. Hill and Mountain Peaks 24 PART 3. Mountain Ranges 27 PART 4. Islands 30 PART 5. Rivers and Streams 39 PART 6. Roads 81 PART 7. Forest Reserves, Wildlife Reserves and Protected Areas 98 Foreword In the endeavour to prepare a Tree Flora for the botanically rich states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo, one of the main concerns has also been to assemble an up­to­date data base which incorporates information on species. It was at once realised that this opportunity comes hand­in­hand with information from numerous specimens that will be made available by specialists involved in the project, making the data set as scientifically sound as can be. This gazetteer is one of those steps towards such a specialised data base, tabulating information that serves as a primordial vocabulary on localities within that data base. By itself, too, the gazetteer will be a handy reference to all who are concerned with the scientific and systematic management of natural resources and land use in Sabah, and in the development of geographical information systems.
  • Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands?

    Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands?

    Journal of the Geological Society, London, Vol. 152, 1995, pp. 1047-1052, 4 figs. Printed in Northern Ireland Ontong Java and Kerguelen Plateaux: Cretaceous Icelands? M. F. COFFIN & L.M. GAHAGAN Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, 8701 North Mopac Expressway, Austin, Texas 78759-8397, USA Abstract: Together with Iceland, the two giant oceanic plateaux, Ontong Java in the western Pacific and Kerguelen/Broken Ridge in the Indian Ocean, are accumulations of mafic igneous rock which were not formed by 'normal' seafloor spreading. We compare published geochronological, crustal structure, and subsidence results with tectonic fabric highlighted in new satellite-derived free-air gravity data from the three igneous provinces, and conclude that existing evidence weighs lightly against the Ontong Java and Kerguelen plateaux originating at a seafloor spreading centre. Keywords: Iceland, Ontong Java Plateau, Kerguelen Plateau, plumes, hot spots. The two giant oceanic plateaux, Ontong Java in the western Age constraints Pacific, and Kerguelen in the south-central Indian Ocean (Fig. 1), and Iceland are among the best-studied examples of The vast bulk of crust in the ocean basins is dated using large-scale mafic magmatism not resulting solely from magnetic anomalies created by the interplay between the 'normal' seafloor spreading. Analogues on the continents, seafloor spreading process and the alternating polarity of the continental flood basalts, are demonstrably not created by Earth's magnetic field. Mesozoic and Cenozoic marine seafloor spreading, although controversy persists as to magnetic anomalies, summarized globally by Cande et al. whether or not lithospheric extension must precede their (1989), are most commonly tied to geological time through emplacement.
  • Sipadan and Ligitan Island Dispute: Victory Gained by Malaysia Against Indonesia in the International Court of Justice in the Principle of Effectivité (2002)

    Sipadan and Ligitan Island Dispute: Victory Gained by Malaysia Against Indonesia in the International Court of Justice in the Principle of Effectivité (2002)

    SIPADAN AND LIGITAN ISLAND DISPUTE: VICTORY GAINED BY MALAYSIA AGAINST INDONESIA IN THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE IN THE PRINCIPLE OF EFFECTIVITÉ (2002) By DHARMA SATRYA 016201300180 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities, International Relations Study Program President University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Diplomatic Studies 2018 1 2 3 ABSTRACT Title: Sipadan And Ligitan Island Dispute: Victory Gained By Malaysia Against Indonesia In The International Court of Justice In The Matter Of Effectivité (2002) The dispute between The Republic of Indonesia with The Republic of Malaysia for the Islands of Sipadan and Ligitan is one of the key cases that defined how territorial dispute settlements is studied in the world of International Relations. This research analyzes the decision by the International Court of Justice in determining the dispute for the Sipadan and Ligitan Islands. After all the key arguments brought by both states, the International Court of Justice decided the ruling to favor Malaysia by the principle of effectivité. This thesis will elaborate how Malaysia’s effectivité was the key to the decision. In addition, this thesis will analyze the interest of Malaysia to dispute the ownership of the islands, based on neorealism. This research was conducted from September of 2017 until March of 2018. The research process was conducted by the qualitative analysis, supported by sources from books, journals, and news articles. Keywords: Republic of Indonesia, Republic of Malaysia, Sipadan - Ligitan ​ Islands, Territorial Dispute, Effectivité. 4 ABSTRAK Title: Sipadan And Ligitan Island Dispute: Victory Gained By Malaysia Against Indonesia In The International Court of Justice In The Matter Of Effectivité (2002) Sengketa wilayah antara Republik Indonesia dengan Republik Malaysia untuk kepemilikan atas Kepulauan Sipadan - Ligitan adalah salah studi kasus mengenai sengketa wilayah di dunia hubungan internasional.
  • PAPER to BE PRESENTED at 11Th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Ubud Bali Indonesia, June 19-June 23, 2006

    PAPER to BE PRESENTED at 11Th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Ubud Bali Indonesia, June 19-June 23, 2006

    PAPER TO BE PRESENTED AT 11th Biennial Conference of the International Association for the Study of Common Property, Ubud Bali Indonesia, June 19-June 23, 2006 The Roles of Eco-entrepreneurs in Conserving Common Pool Resources -Wildlife and Natural Areas in Sipadan Island1 James M. Alin, Datuk Douglas Primus and Izyanti Awang Razli2 ABSTRACT With the Government’s decision to vacate the island, Sipadan is currently undergoing the process of being gazetted as a Marine Park and later to be listed as World Heritage Site under UNESCO Man and Bisphere Programme. Public debates before the decision was incomplete. The operators were portrayed in mass media as the bad guys who exploited and destroyed Sipadan’s common pool resource that is the pristine environment and its terrestrial-marine biodiversity. This oversimplified generalization underestimated one very important fact. The tour (diving) operators were also genuinely concern with what happened to the island. In fact, they had taken many drastic measures (past and present) for conservation. They have very strong incentive to do so- their business survival it at stake which is very much dependence on pristine nature and unique biodiversity of Sipadan, Mabul and Kapalai. Examples of such eco-entrepreneurs are Datuk Douglas Primus, Datuk Clement Lee, Robert Loh, Ken 1 This paper is the revised version of James M. Alin, Izyanti Awang Razli,Merylyn Anak Buncha and Ho Chong Mun (2005). “Eco-entrepreneurs of Sipadan, Mabul and Kapalai”, presented at the 4th Annual Seminar on Science and Technology, 2005, School of Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sabah, 12-13 September. 2 The first and third author is a lecturer at the School of Business & Economics, University Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag 2073, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah.
  • South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S

    South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S

    Geological Evolution of South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Evolution of South-east Asia Second edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Professor emeritus, Department of geology University of Malaya Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Geological Society of Malaysia ©Charles S. Hutchison 1989 First published by Oxford University Press 1989 This edition published with the permission of Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 978-983-99102-5-4 Printed in Malaysia by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd. This book is dedicated to the former professors at the University of Malaya. It is my privilege to have collabo­ rated with Professors C. S. Pichamuthu, T. H. F. Klompe, N. S. Haile, K. F. G. Hosking and P. H. Stauffer. Their teaching and publications laid the foundations for our present understanding of the geology of this complex region. I also salute D. ]. Gobbett for having the foresight to establish the Geological Society of Malaysia and Professor Robert Hall for his ongoing fascination with this region. Preface to this edition The original edition of this book was published by known throughout the region of South-east Asia. Oxford University Press in 1989 as number 13 of the Unfortunately the stock has become depleted in 2007. Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics.
  • Geological Heritage Features of Tawau Volcanic Sequence, Sabah

    Geological Heritage Features of Tawau Volcanic Sequence, Sabah

    Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia 56 (2010) 79 – 85 Geological heritage features of Tawau volcanic sequence, Sabah Sanudin Tahir, BaBa MuSTa & iSMail aBd rahiM Geology Programme, School of Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Abstract­­— Semporna Peninsula area was built up by thick Tertiary sequence of volcanic flows and volcaniclastic rocks. Early Cretaceous tholeiite basalt is the oldest sequence of volcanic rocks interpreted to have formed as part of a wide spread submarine volcano or volcanic complex within an MORB characterized by rapid volcanism. Miocene to Quaternary volcanisms from volcanic arcs contributed sequences of lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of dacitic, andesitic and basaltic rock types forming the major mountain chains of southeast Sabah. This Neogene volcanic sequence is dominated by low to high K-calc alkaline andesitic to dacitic volcanic rocks similar to modern island arc type. The subaerial of the latest lava flows of the region indicates volcanism consistent with tholeiitic basalt type. It has been accepted that during the Cenozoic, Sabah has been subjected to series of major tectonic regimes. A number of deformation phases have been determined include: Middle Eocene, Middle Miocene and Plio-Pleistocene phases of crustal movements of this region. The area appeared, therefore, to have been subjected to compressional tectonic regime throughout much of the late Cenozoic. However, the structural and sedimentological expression of these tectonic regimes varies considerably. It is suggested here that compressional episodes were interspersed with periods of active transtensional basin formation and that Late Miocene extension of the eastern part of Sabah which was related to compressional forces.
  • Regional Economic Integration for Improving Cross-Border Area in Sebatik Island

    Regional Economic Integration for Improving Cross-Border Area in Sebatik Island

    REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION FOR IMPROVING CROSS-BORDER AREA IN SEBATIK ISLAND Nuri Widiastuti Veronika Subdivision of Hearing Treatise and Publication Coordinating Ministry for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat No. 15, Jakarta Pusat 10110 [email protected] Abstract The proximity of Sebatik Island to Malaysia and its distance from Indonesia have been the causes why Sebatik people tend to perform economic activities with Tawau, Malaysia. Sebatik people have been depending on Tawau to sell their various agricultural commodities and fisheries products. However, informal cross-border trade between Sebatik-Tawau that have been implemented over the past few years has been challenged by some underlying economic problems. Those underlying economic problems are the apparent causes for the lower standard of living of most Sebatik people compared to Tawau inhabitants. As Sebatik people depend on Tawau to fulfill their daily needs, they will have to deal with more hardships since there is a discourse to stop the cross-border trade relations by the government of Tawau. ASEAN Community 2015 which is oriented to establish the regional economic integration in Southeast Asia, may be one solution to the economic problems dealt by the people of Sebatik. Keywords: ASEAN, regional economic integration, Sebatik, Tawau Abstrak Letak Pulau Sebatik yang berada dekat dengan Malaysia dan agak jauh dari Indonesia telah menjadi penyebab mengapa orang-orang Sebatik cenderung melakukan kegiatan ekonomi dengan Tawau, Malaysia. Orang-orang Sebatik telah tergantung pada Tawau untuk menjual berbagai komoditas pertanian dan produk perikanan mereka. Namun, perdagangan informal lintas-perbatasan antara Sebatik-Tawau yang telah dilaksanakan selama beberapa tahun terakhir dihadapkan dengan berbagai masalah ekonomi yang mendasar.