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M.Phil Thesis on Relationship Between Political Islam and Democracy: Egyptian Experience

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M.Phil Thesis on Relationship Between Political Islam and Democracy: Egyptian Experience M.Phil Thesis on Relationship between Political Islam and Democracy: Egyptian Experience Supervised By Professor Dr. Tasneem Arefa Siddiqui Department of Political Science s University of Dhaka V 3 I |*" | 499251 Submitted By Khan Sarifuzzaman Department of PoUtical Science University of Dhaka Session; 2011- 2-012 Roll No. 137 Declaration This is to certify that the thesis work entitled as “Relationship between Political Islam and Democracy; Egyptian Experience” has been carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirement for M. Phil degree in the department of Political Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh. The above research work or any part of this has not been submitted to any where for the award of any degree or diploma. No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement. Supervisor Candidate 2 7 - T - " ' 7 DBpd^ment of Pclaical Science Prof. Dr. Tasneem Arefa Siddiqui, Khan Sarifuzzaman Political Science, Political Science, University of Dhaka. University of Dhaka. t> T ^ 5, Dedication All the dead Islamic Scholars And to my Father: Khan Akteruzzaman Mother: Mahmuda Khanom Brother: Dr. Khan Asaduzzaman Wife: Maria Sultana I Acknowledgements I will be forever grateful for the friendly of Professor Dr. Tasneem Arefa Siddiqui. Her encouragement and guidance were invaluable. I am likewise grateful to Professor Hasanuzzaman Choudhury, head of the department of Political Science, University of Dhaka, for all his support and conceptual feedback. It was always a delight to discuss the work with Associate Professor Amran Hossain, (Political Science, University of Dhaka) whose breadth of knowledge on social science research was continually surprising. I am also grateful to Professor Sabbir Ahmed, Dil Rowshan Zinnat Ara Najnin, Muhammad Badrul Hasan (Political Science, University of Dhaka) at the begging and different times of research who supported and suggested me. I extremely grateful for the support and patience of my Father, KJian Aktaruzzaman, Mother, Mahmuda Khanom) and wife Maria Sultana. Moreover, my friend Mohammad Robiul Islam and Khan Mohammad Showrav whose discussions and inspiration for the work helped to shape the argument and revived my middle ending study. I am also grateful to the office staffs of my department who helped me to accomplish different office work of this research. Finally, I am above all gratitude to my creator Allah (SWT) who has blessed me to complete the research. Khan Sarifuzzaman 13 January 2017 IV ^ Abstract The rise of political Islam, after the First World War, has drawn the attention of the scholars of political science to the general people. This study has tried to find out the relationship between political Islam and democracy. The conflicting nature between political Islam and democracy as well as Islamic political system and democracy are the two significant findings of this research. The study explored six points of conflict: Sovereignty, Source of law (secularism), Form of government, Nationalism, Accountability and Representation. Both the Islamic system and political Islam mainly contradicts in these two indicators with democracy. The Islamic system and political Islam believe in the sovereignty of ^ Creator (Allah). As a result they don’t believe in man-made law (human mind or majority) or secular source of law for the state. For the philosophical and ideological differences it creates some other contradictions. The above observation is found in both conceptual issues and in the case study of Egyptian political system. Methodologically it is a qualitative case study research in which secondary data and infonnation are used. Most of the recent researcher tries to show the compatibility between Islam or political Islam and democracy but the conflict and incompatibility were out of the study. The study will provide a different perception to the policy maker, politicians and scholars in both Muslim and non-Muslim world. It will open a new area of study in both the study of political science and ^ international relations. Table of content Content Page Acknowledgement IV Abstract V Table of contents VII-X List of tables and charts XI List of appendices XI List of acronyms XII VI Relationship between Political Islam and Democracy: Egyptian Experience Content Chapter-1: Background of the Problem and Research Outline 1.1 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................01 1.2 Statement of the problem ......................................................................................................................02 1.3 Research design and m ethodology...................................................................................................02 1.3.1 Methodologies: case-oriented qualitative method (central approach).........................02 1.3.2 Method 1: Use of qualitative tools..................................................................................................03 1.3.3 Method 2; Significant investigation of the relevant academic literature............................... 03 1.3. 4 Method 3 : Theoretical application to test the hypotheses and research questions.. .03 1.3.5 Case Study: Strengths and Limitations.......................................................................................... 03 1.3.6 Survey of Secondary M aterials...................................................................................................... 04 1.3.7 Information Collection and Analysis.............................................................................................. 05 1.4 Research design: Indicators, hypotheses, and research questions.................................... 06 1.5 Explanation o f hypotheses and theoretical fram ew ork o f the stu d y .................................07 Chapter 2: Theoretical Review 2. Theories of Islamic Political System 2.1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................10 2.1.2 Theories of Islamic State...................................................................................................................10 2.1.3 Islamic Theories of the State..........................................................................................................13 2.1.3.1 A1 Farabi ab o u t State, Govemance and Participatory R u l e .............................................14 2.1.3.2 A1 Mawardi with Regards to the C aliphate............................................................................... 15 2.1.3.3 Ibn Taymiyyah and the Dominance of the Sharia................................................................. 17 2.1.3.4 State and Civilization of Ibn K haldun........................................................................................19 2.1.4 Theories of the Islamic state......................................................................................................... 21 2.1.4.1 Revival of Caliphate.......................................................................................................................21 2.1.4.2 The Changing Characteristics of the Islamic State................................................................ 22 2.1.5 Defining Islamic State in the Age of Globalization.....................................................................25 2.1.6 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................... 25 VII 2.2 Principles of Islamic Political System 2.2.1 Concept of Islamic Politics................................................................................................................27 2.2.1.1 Source of Legislation: Sovereignty of Allah..............................................................................31 2.2.2 Caliphate System of Government in Traditional Sense............................................................ 32 2.2.3 Islamic Evidence of Obligation to Appoint a Caliph by Divine Law ................................... 35 2.2.4 Main Characteristics of Caliphate..................................................................................................37 2.2.4.1 Meaning of Authority Belongs to the People in Islam .............................................................38 2.2.4. 2 The Method of Appointing the Caliph..........................................................................................38 2.2.4.3 Appointment of Four Rightly Guided Caliphs in Islamic History......................................... 40 2.2.4.4 Qualities and Conditions to Become a Caliph ...................................................................... 41 2.2.4.5 Obligatory Conditions for the Appointment of a Caliph..........................................................43 2.2.4.6 Ruling Tenure and Condition in Islam........................................................................................46 2.2.4.7 The Unity of the Caliphate.......................................................................................................... 46 2.2.4.8 Majlis- ul-Ummah for Consulting the Ummah and Accounting the C aliph............................................................................................................................................................48 2.2.4.9 Difference between Caliphate and other systems....................................................................52 2.2.4.9.1
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