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Morphological and Some Wood Properties of Juniperus Oxycedrus Subsp

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Morphological and Some Wood Properties of Juniperus Oxycedrus Subsp Libyan Journal of Ecological & Environmental Sciences and Technology (LJEEST) www.srcest.org.ly/jou Morphological and Some Wood Properties of Juniperus Oxycedrus Subsp. Macrocarpa in Derna Region, East Libya A.F.TASHANI, H. A. Y. Faraj A B S T R A C T A R T I C L E I N F O This work was designed to evaluate morphologic properties of leaf, cone and seed and to clarify the taxonomy of this species. The Vol. 2 No. 1 June, 2020 Pages (18 - 26 ) study also investigated some of the wood properties (specific gravity, fiber length) of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa Article history: tree grown in Derna region in the east of Libya. The morphological Revised form 16 April 2020 properties (leaf length, leaf width, seed size and cone size) resulted Accepted 4 May 2020 have been observed to be important for taxonomy of this species. Also, the Pearson coefficient correlation among morphological Authors affiliation parameters showed a positive correlation. On the other hand. Department of Forestry Faculty of Natural results indicated that the specific gravity values ranged between Resources and Environmental Sciences, (0.392-0.386). When study the relationship between specific University of Omar Al-Mukthar, Al-Baida, Libya gravity and cambial age. The general trend showed that the [email protected] relationship was negative with age, where it was clear specific gravity values decreased with the increase in distance from the marrow of pith. The values of the R2 ranges from 59.9% -70.9%, Keywords: and when examining the relationship between fibre length and Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. cambial age, there was a positive effect; fibre length increased macrocarpa, Libya , wood, radically from pith to bark. Also, J. xycedrus subsp. macrocarpa morphology tree is a short fibre wood with a mean fiber length of 1.75 mm. امللخص مت تصميم هذا العمل لتقييم اخلصائص املورفولوجية لﻷوراق واملخروط والبذور، لتوضيح تصنيف هذا النوع ، وكذلك التحقق من بعض خصائص اخلشب كالثقل النوعي وطول اﻷلياف يف شجرة العرعر الشوكي Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa مبنطقة درنة ، ليبيا. خلصت النتائج أن اخلصائص املورفولوجية لطول اﻷوراق وعرضها، وحجم البذور واملخروط كانت مهمة لتصنيف هذا النوع. أيضا كانت عﻻقة اﻻرتباط بني اخلصائص املورفولوجية إجيابية بني الصفات. من انحية أخرى، أوضحت النتائج أن قيم الثقل النوعي للخشب تراوحت بني0.392-0.386،كذلك كانت عﻻقة اﻷحندار للثقل النوعي سلبية مع العمر الكامبيومي، حيثأ تضح أن قيم الثقل النوعي تتناقص كلما زادت املسافة من النخاع 2 _______________________________________________ R إىل القلف فكانت قيم معامل التحديد ترتاوح من 59.9%-70.9%.أيضاُ بدراسة العﻻقة بني طول __ © 2020 LJEEST. All rights reserved. Peer اﻷلياف والعمر كان هناك أتثري اجيايب حيث أن متوسط لطو اﻷلياف يزداد كلما ابتعدان عن النخاع.كما review under responsibility of LJEEST يعترب خشب العرعر الشوكي من النوع قصري اﻷلياف متوسط طوهلا1.75 ملم. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------ A.F.TASHANI , H. A. Y. Faraj Vol, 2 No. 1 June, 2020 The Juniperus genus. (Cupressaceae, This subspecies occurs around the gymnosperms) consists of about 60 dioecious Mediterranean on the coast in an environment woody species, and it is divided into three that is locally under threat from development sections: J. sect. CaryocedrusEndl., J. sect. but still too widespread to be of conservation Juniperus, and J. sect. Sabina Spach(Adams, concern. Recorded from the Mediterranean and 2012). The Juniperus oxycedrus group is Black Sea coasts: Albania, Algeria, Bosnia- included within J. sect. Juniperus(Adams, 2014 Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, )J.oxycedrus was described by(Linnaeus, 1753) Greece, Italy, Malta, Morocco, Spain, Turkey, based on plants from the western part of the Ukraine.(Farjon, 2013). Mediterranean basin (“Habitat in Hispania, G. J. oxycedrus supsp. macrocarpa is a rare Narbonensi”).. woody species found in El-Jabal El-Akhadar, Juniperus oxycedrus L. belongs to the section Libya in site north-west Derna. The distribution Oxycedrus of the genus Juniperus. It is a of this population is physiographically variable species with three subspecies: dependent, where the individuals are restricted J.oxycedrus subsp.oxycedrus, J. oxycedrus to the north-facing slope of the first rocky ridge subsp. macrocarpa and J.oxycedrus subsp. close to the sea shore. badia.(Greuter etal., 1984) Those differ in The basic morphological features of leaves, habit, cone size and needle width cones and seeds in three populations of J. (Amaraltranco, 1968)(Bayet et al., 1991). oxycedrus subsp.macrocarpa from Italy were (Smith, 1816)described coastal juniper and investigated biometrically. In addition, the named it Juniperus macrocarpa.(Ball, 1878) intra- and inter-population variation of J. classified it as a subspecies of Juniperus oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus in the oxycedrus L., a taxonomic status still supported Mediterranean region were determined by different authors(Do Franco, 1963) biometrically on the basis of the morphological (Fernandez Galiano, 1987)The analysis of features of leaves, seeds and cones(Klimko et related taxa, as J. oxycedrus subsp. macrocarpa al., 2004). The morphological properties (leaf (J. macrocarpa), subsp. transtagana (J. length and weight, unripe cones weight) of J. navicularis) and subsp. badia, revealed the communis within different ecological situations strong separation of subsp. in habitats in Lithuania were investigated macrocarpa(Klimko et al., 2007). (Vaičiulytė and Ložienė, 2013).The J. oxycedrus subsp.macrocarpa is atree, in good morphological of fruit and seed color, seed condition reaching10-12m in height.It has large shape, and the number of resin pits on the seed cones, 1.2-1.5mm across,light to dark brown or surface have been observed to be important some what purplish and brownies. Its needles morphological properties in terms of the are up to 2.5 mm wide(Klimko et al., 2004)a systematic of the taxa(Köroğlu et al., dioecious species typical of coastal dunes in the 2018a)some character (e.g. leaf mucro length, Mediterranean region(Jalas and [eds.]. leaf width, seed-cone size and seed size) 1973);(Do Franco, 1963). Female individuals resulted useful to discriminate taxa(Roma- require two years to develop mature female Marzio et al., 2017). cones, which are possible to find at different Wood fiber is the basic unit of wood especially stages of maturity on the same plant for fast-growing trees. Studying the simultaneously(Juan et al., 2006); ripening and morphological characteristics of fibers should dispersal of the female cones occur from assist in understanding and interpreting the autumn to spring (Pinna et al., 2014). The behavior of wood products. It is well known tolerance to salt and sand-laden marine Plant that long fibers are preferred in production of Ecol 123 winds(Ge´hu et al., 1990), the high strength paper (Horn, 1974) and (Francis adaptation to substrate movements(García et al., 2006). The average fiber length at a breast Novo and Merino, 1993). height could give a good estimation for the total Libyan Journal of Ecological & Environmental Sciences and Technology......................................................................... 20 Morphological and Some Wood Properties of Juniperus Oxycedrus Subsp. Macrocarpa in Derna Region, East Libya tree fiber length(Abo-Hassan and El-Osta, caliper (0.01mm). Fifty cone, fifty seeds and 1982). fifty needle from all the trees were measured Specific gravity of wood is the measure of the following the procedures described by(Klimko relative amount of solid wall material and is the et al., 2007). best index that exists for predicting the strength Wood properties: properties of wood(Panshin and DeZeeuw., 1980.). In the meantime, specific gravity of Samples of 5 cm thick discs were cut off at a 1.3 m wood is the most important technological height of all sample trees (3 trees), 2cm width radial properties for wood industry, which profoundly strip was cut from each sample at horizontal determine and affect the wood quality(Erickson direction from pith to bark (Tashani ,2016). and Harrison, 1974;Haygreen and Bowyer, Specific gravity: 1996). Specific gravity of wood is usually used as an indicator ofthe mechanical properties of Wood specific gravity was determined by using wood(EL et al., 1981) and the suitability of the maximum moisture content wood for wood industry (Mohamed, 2004. ) and methods(Smith, 1954).The dimensions of the charcoal (Hindi, 2001). Fiber length is a wood- sample tree were 2×2×2 cm in dimensions and quality parameter of important to pulp and were divided into 5 parts from pith to bark from paper making(Horn, 1974). wood disk taken at diameter at brest height Very few studies have been offered a wood (dbh). properties and morphological analysis and taxonomy of J.oxycedrus supsp. macrocarpa, Fibre length Therefore, we need for recovery of this taxon . The dimensions of the samples were 2×2×2 cm The aim of this work is to clarify the taxonomy and were divided into 5 parts from pith to bark of this species by study the morphological from wood disk taken at dbh for each tree, then properties of leave, cone and seed, also were broken into small pieces macerated in 1:1 study some wood properties , such as specific glacial acetic acid: hydrogen peroxide solution gravity and tracheid length of J. oxycedrus 30% at 60℃, for 48 h. The macerated fibers supsp. macrocarpais naturally growing in were stained using safranin stain(Franklin, north-west Derna, Libya. 1945 ) MATERIALS AND METHODS Statistical analysis ------------------------------------------------------ The study area was located the second terrace Correlation between different studied of El-Jabal El-Akhadar mountain in Derna morphological parameters was evaluated using region east Libya, where the city between Pearson correlation coefficient. longitudes 22° 38′ 0 N and 32° 46′ 0″ E).The The simple liner regression was used to climate of the study area is comparable to that determine the relationship between the trees age of El-Jabal El-Akhadar with mean temperature and specific gravity and fibre length. Simple of about 20 C0.
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