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2Nd Issue 1991 NSA on 10-17-2012 ursuantto E .0. 13526 MDR Case # 54 77 TOP SECRET UlaJUUCDUlaJl1 ~l3CBC!JU1VU\? £ilffil3WCB~ lTUJU1U ~C$C!JU1~C$ ~~ OOC$0J~C$ ~ 00(iJU1~t1UiWC!l 2nd Issue 1991 SEA HUNT . • . • • . • • . !.. 1 BOOKBREl\KERS' FORUM ON Ml\CHINE l\IDS . ....___ ___, ·. 4 TEXTURE REPORTING . • . • -----·· • • 5 THE TEN MOST WANTED . • . L .. >·. ·7. MILLIMETER WAVE DETECTION SYSTEMS . j· ·· 9· ON BECOMING A WELL-ROUNDED CHINESE LINGUIST ______.l· -·- ~ - ~ ·· : - 1J .. CRYSCOM REQUIREMENTS FOR UNIX-TO-UNIX DATA €NCRYPTION-OECRYPTION EXCHANGE. 1 ---~---- ~ .. -~ "20 .L. 86-36 DATA FUSION • • • . 22 ON THE LIGHTER SIDE . • . • • • . • . 22. · FINGERTie INTELLIGENCE. • • • • . • . : I :23 COMMENT ON GI STER • • . • . • •. I v .24 . USING CH FOR COMPUTE-INTENSIVE CODE. • ,, •. _.25 BOOK REVIEW : SEI ZING THE EN IGMA . ...V.... er_a_F ... il'""b-y - . .... •.. 26 BULLETIN BOARD . • . • . 30 ON THE ENlGMll . • . • . ._j_____ ___,!. 31 BREAKING INTO OUR PAST: AN ENIGMA OF ANOTHER KIND .. .. Da v id Gaddy. 33 EDITORIAL .. ......... 36 LETTER . ... .36 TO CONTRIBUTE . • •.•••.••• 37 Tiii~ 90Cl:/~41SNT CONTAINS C09EWORB MA~ERIAL CLASSIFl~D BY ~~SA/€SSM 123 2 TOP SECRET DECLASSIFY ON: Ori9iAatiAg AgeAey's DeterJlfliAatieA ReEf~ireg NOT RELEASABLE TO CONTRACTORS DOCID: 4010108 CRYPTOLOG Published by Pl, Techniques and Standards VOL. XVIII, No. 2 ........................................... ....2nd Issue 1991 PUBLISHER ....................................... ....... ·._I _______.I BOARD OF EDITORS EDITOR ............................................. ._I____ .... ks63-1103) Computer Systems ................................... I ~963-1103) Cryptanalysis......................................... 1(9~3.-.···5·.. 2~8). C:ryptolinguistics ..................................... .I . 963-4382} Information Resources ................................... I K963-3ZS8) Information Science ................................ k963,3456) I F P.L. 86-36 Information Security . .I IJ72,2350 Intelligence Reporting ................................. I (96if5068} Language ............................................ I '963-3057) · · Linguistics ...................................... I (963"4814Y Mathematics..................................... ~ {963-5566) / .. >. Puzzles ......................................... I {96301601). / Research and Engineering............................. J 9.61-8362) Science and Technology ............................ I (963-4958) Special Research ........................................Vera R. Filby (968-5043) Classification Officer .................................I (963·B463) Bardolph Support.................................. l-------i(963c3369) Clover Support ..................... ·................... I (963-1103) Macintosh Support................ ................... I (961-8362) Illustrntor. .. I (963-3360) To submit articles and letters, please see inside back cover. For New Subscription or Change of Address or Name MAIL name and old and new organizations and building to: Distribution, CRYPTOLOG, Pl, NORTH or via PLATFORM: cryptlg@ barlc05 via CLOVER: cryptlg@ bloomfield Please DO NOT PHONE about your subscription or matters pertaining to distribution Contents ofCRYPTOLOG may not be reproduced or disseminated outside the National Security Agency without the permission of the Publisher. Inquiries regarding reproduction and dissemination should be directed to the Editor. All opinions expressed in CRYPTOLOG are those of the authors. They do not represent the official views of the National Security Agency/Central Security Service. FOR OPPIOI*L USE ONiH 4010108 ~p SEOHl!l'f' UMBRA P .L . 86-36 . I I /ii/ 2nd Issue 1991 * CRYPI'OLOG *page 1 P .L. 86- 36 'f6P SECltE'f' UMBH:A: EO 1 . 4 . ( c) P.L. 86-36 DOCID: 4010108 EO 1.4. (c) 'f'OP SHCM'f U.MIUtA 2nd Issue 1991 * CRYPTOLOG *page 2 't'OP SHCH:H'f UMBRA P.L. 86- 36 DOCID: 4010108 EO 1.4. (c) 'f6P Sl!!Cft:E'f tJ'MftltA \ 2nd Issue 1991 * CRYPTOLOG •page 3 'J.:QP iJ~C~'J.: IJMRBl.t DOCID: 4010108 BOOKBREAKERS' FORUM ON MACHINE AIDS c I I ) 1971 * 20th ANNIVERSARY * 1991 Wednesday, Thursday, Friday 30 Octobel"-'-1 November 1991 Infonnal Seminars on Computer Aids to B'ookbreaking I Who should attend? Anyone working on codes or code charts: Linguists Cryptanalysts Bookbreakers Cryptolinguists Providers of computer support to ~ode problems Managers of code problems For more information and to get on the mailing list, please fill out the coupon below, or write your name, organization, and building on a piece of paper and send it to: I lcbairnu1n. Bookbreakers' Forum on Machine Aids P15 P.L. 86-36 Ops-lNORTH Organization _______ Building_: _______ 2nd Issue 1991 * CRYPTOLOG *page 4 POR OPFl€1M:i USE Om.¥ DOCID: 4010108 SIGINT with Feeling P.L. 86-36 /// ..... .............· 2nd Issue 1991 * CRYPI'OLOG * p~ge 5 'f6t' SEeftift' UMIHl:li EO 1 . 4 . ( c) P.L. 86- 36 J;:o 1. 4 . ( c) DOCID: 4010108 E\ . L. 86- 36 'TOP S13GR:l3'1' UMBB:t\ 2nd Issu~991 * CRYPTOLOG *page 6 'FOP S~GH:E'F UM-BB:!z DOCID: 4010108 SEORF.l~ THE TEN MOST WANTED byl lw33Z P.L. 86-36 ·--~,""' P.L. 86-36 - ' ,_ ' ' ~- '-..... \ ' 2nd Issue 1991 • CRYPl'OLOG •page 7 SECRE'f H~:bK VII. COMIP'TT CH.~~FEl!.8 OP'TI!.¥ EO 1. 4. ( c) P.L. 86-36 6 36 DC>"CI 6 :- 4 010108 P.L. 86-36 ! / • i (FOUO) The staff of W332 will be very happy to brief any audience. The number to.call is 963- 6388 (secure); ask forl I .I I Rnd the hiddearnessage! ·The first five sofutions win CRYPTOLOG mugs. (P1 members and ,(;RYPTOLOG / Board members are not eligible for a pri~e.) 2nd Issue 1991 • CRYPTOLOG • page 8 EO 1. 4. ( c) /SB0RE'f P.L. 86-36 EO 1. 4. ( c) 1 IIMfDLB l+A 9?t~Hf'6Q~ffiBLO OUirY P.L. 86-36 DOCID: 4010108 SF.lCRE'f .L. 86-36 NEW MILLIMETER WAVE DETECTION SYSTEMS ..______ __.I R541 (U) One of the st:r:-ongest images of the recent spur further research in this direction. One of war in the Midd]e East was that of reporters the most promising proposals in the continuing broadcasting seeming]y effortlessly from rooftops search for battlefield superiority is the use of in Baghdad or the sands of Kuwait. But this millimeter-wave guided weapons. This kind of mobile reporting is really not so easy wavelength region is very well suited for such a because the equipment needed is quite heavy, mission. Metal targets stand out well from any the antennas are about 7-8 feet in diameter, natural background, and the target is not and several technicians are necessary to operate obscured by dust, fog, rain, or the smoke of the equipment. This may change quite rapidly burning oil wells. The small antenna would fit in the future, however, as the push to higher into a modest missile of only 3-6 inches in frequencies in the millimeter range, conven­ diameter, yet it would provide both sufficient tionally, 30-300 GHz, will make truly suitcase­ gain and small enough beam width to readily size earth terminals possible. With antennas as find tank-size targets. Together with some small as a foot or so in diameter and with modest processing capability such as "fire and enough bandwidth to accommodate all the forget," warheads delivered from long range reporters of a future operation (a truly large could provide an enormous advantage on the numbert), such millimeter wave systems will future battlefield. really "wire" the global village. The military is already studying the use of this wavelength region for communication satellites which would use much smaller, much less complex ground sites, yet provide an enormous increase in channel capacity. Can the commercial world be far behind? (U) Another image left with us from DESERT STORM was of smart bombs that homed in on their targets with surprising accuracy. Although these weapons were hardly news to even the most casual reader of Aviation Week, their actual successful use in combat will surely..._____________________ ___. 2nd Issue 1991 * CRYPTOLOG * page 9 SECRE't' IIAMDLE VIA COMH'ff CIIA?UfFJ~ l!Nif~~~ DOCID: 4010108 SE€RECf EO 1. 4. ( c) DOCID: 4010108 P.L. 86-36 2nd Issue 1991* CRYPTOLOG • page 11 SFlCJRET HKiq'Ot~ VIA COM'Hff CIIAHH~LS Ot~LY DOCID: 4010108 SE6RE'I' (U) Figure 3 shows a mi11imeter quasi-optic configuration that will be used in this new design. The detector is of a planar design which also incorporates an antenna placed at the focus of the quasi-optic system. There are several candidates for the detectors; two will be discussed in detail: superconducting tunnel junctions and Si/Ge superlattices. rlcm=J?.L. 86- 36 EO 1. 4 . ( c) SIS in Planar Antenna Quartz Hypertlemisphere Teflon Lens Figure 3: Quas1-opt1ca system Detectors (U) The superconducting detector depends on the quantum mechanical tunneling between two Quasi-optics superconductors. This effect is best understood (U) Quasi-optical concepts treat millimeter from studies of tunnel junctions consisting of radiation as one would optical radiation in that two thin superconducting films separated by a lenses and other focusing elements are used to several-nanometer-thick tunnel barrier made concentrate the energy to be detected. The main from the oxide of one of the metals or from advantage over standard parabolic reflectors is some other insulating material. that the system can be designed so that an (U) Superconducting receivers for infrared and array of detectors can be in focus and at the millimeter waves depend on the nonlinear same time allow a "staring" nonscanning system response of the tunneling currents when they to cover a whole sector without any need for are driven by constant and RF voltages. In fact, mechanical movement. To take full advantage it has been· said that this current-v-0ltage of this new capability implies that a detector nonlinearity is the strongest known in physics. array is available that has dimensions no larger than the wavelength of the radiation. In the (U) Figure 4 shows an experimental I-V curve millimeter wave region this means that the for a tunnel junction. The time-dependent detectors must be made by some photolithogaphical process. 2nd Issue 1991 • CRYPTOLOG • page 12 SECRE'f IWfDLE vu, 60M~ll" mwmELS OHLY DOCID: 4010108 SE6RE'I' involve photon assisted tunneling leading to an enhancement or reduction of quasi-particle 60 current on a voltage-energy scale of the ~ millimeter wave photon.
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