DOCSLIB.ORG

Studies on Biodiesel Production from Local Tree Species Oil and Consequent Ecological Impact in Rural Karnataka

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Studies on Biodiesel Production from Local Tree Species Oil and Consequent Ecological Impact in Rural Karnataka Studies on biodiesel production from local tree species oil and consequent ecological impact in rural Karnataka Lokesh, A. PhD thesis deposited in Curve June 2015 Original citation: Lokesh, A. (2014) Studies on biodiesel production from local tree species oil and consequent ecological impact in rural Karnataka. Unpublished Thesis. Coventry: Coventry University M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies. Some tables and images have been removed due to third party copyright. The unabridged version of the thesis can be viewed at the Lanchester Library, Coventry University Copyright © and Moral Rights are retained by the author(s) and/ or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This item cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder(s). The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. CURVE is the Institutional Repository for Coventry University http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open Studies on Biodiesel Production from Local Tree Species Oil and Consequent Ecological Impact in Rural Karnataka By Adappa Chandrashekar Lokesh January 2014 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the University’s requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Coventry University in Collaboration with M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the PhD Dissertation titled “Studies on Biodiesel Production from Local Tree Species Oil and Consequent Ecological Impact in Rural Karnataka” is a bonafide record of the work carried out by Mr. Adappa Chandrashekar Lokesh, in partial fulfilment of requirements for the award of Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, of Coventry University January 2014 Dr. N.S. Mahesh Director of Studies M.S.Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies, Bangalore Dr. BalaKrishna Gowda Supervisor University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore Prof. Peter White Supervisor Coventry University, UK i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This dissertation is the outcome of support and cooperation from many people, for whom I place on record with utmost sincerity my esteemed and deep sense of gratitude. I am immensely indebted to Dr. M.R. Jayaram, a leading light and Chairman-GEF for giving me an opportunity to serve MSRSAS and pursue my PhD as well. His philanthropic nature shall always remain as an inspiration in my career path I would like to thank Dr. S.R Shankapal, President- MSRSAS for his encouragement and support rendered during my doctoral research. He is an inspiring personality to be associated with; who was kind enough to help me frame my research statement and duly support me through my doctoral study tenure. I am immensely thankful to my Director of Studies Dr. N.S. Mahesh, Professor & Head- MME, for his untiring support, guidance and encouragement. I appreciate his ever- smiling attitude and openness in providing ample space to air my thoughts during many discussions and mentor me judiciously. I am deeply indebted to my supervisor Dr. Balakrishna Gowda- Professor and Project Coordinator Biofuel Park, for extending the facilities of Biofuel Park to carry out my research. His calm nature, immense knowledge, willingness to share his network, offices and scientific insights has been inspiring. I am also deeply indebted to Dr. Prasanna, Mr. Rajesh and Staff of Biofuel Park for their support and help rendered to me during data collection and experimentation. I am immensely thankful to my Supervisor Prof. Peter White from Coventry University for his patient listening, insightful feedback and suggestions. His persuasive approach in structuring my dissertation is highly appreciable. I owe many thanks to Prof. H. N. Nagesha, Dean and Dr. N.Suresh, Prof and Head, FMC, MSRUAS and for their support during my doctoral tenure. I am thankful to my ii colleagues Mrs. Shilpa, Mr. Sharath, Mr. Devkumar, Mr. Uday, Mrs. Sunitha, Mr. Vijay Kumar, Mr. Umesh Mr. Sandeep and Mr. Husain for their moral support. I would also like to express my gratitude to Prof. V.G.S Mani, Prof. Ajit Kumar, Dr. Deshpande and Dr.Govind Kadambi for encouraging me to pursue my doctoral studies. Their simple living and high thinking with a nurturing attitude shall always remain green in my memory. I am thankful to Mrs. Prema, Mr.Anil and Mrs.Vani from ARO for their help throughout my doctoral study tenure. I owe many thanks to my dear friends, Mr. Jagadeesh T.S. (Agri Consultant), Mr.Prakash (Lawyer), Mr. Harish.C (Inspector-Central Excise), Mr. Kalidas Raj (Agri Consultant), Mr. Suresh (SDE BSNL), Mr. Rajesh (Inspector-RTO), Mr. Giridhar Joshi and Mr. Srinath (Asst Prof- UAHS) for helping me in data collection and experimentation. Thanks to my dear friend, Dr. Anil Kumar (Project Lead at JLR) for his hospitality during my visit to Coventry. Many Thanks to my PhD Viva Chair, Prof. Steve Martin (Coventry University), Examiners Dr. Philip Davies (Aston University) and Dr. Richard Blanchard (Loughborough University) for their patient listening and valuable feedback. I owe many thanks to Mr. B.G.Venkat Swamy and Dr.Ramesh Babu (Additional Director, CPRI) for their help and support in pursuing my PhD. Finally, I owe all my success to the Almighty, my beloved parents, brother, wife and my sons. I am deeply indebted for their encouragement and cooperation during my doctoral studies. Author: Adappa Chandrashekar Lokesh iii ABSTRACT The Government of India has planned to substitute 20% (12-15 million metric tonnes) of fossil diesel with biodiesel, produced using non-edible oils by 2017. In addition to Jatropha, more than 300 species of oil-bearing trees have been identified as biodiesel feedstock in India, of which, around 80 species inhabit Karnataka state. The key issue is to analyse whether these biodiesel feedstock are ecologically and economically sustainable. This dissertation attempts to address this issue by carrying out a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) on viability of biodiesel production from tree borne oils in comparison to Jatropha and fossil diesel. Feedstock native to Karnataka state namely (1) Pongamia pinnata, (2) Madhuca longifolia, (3) Azadirachta indica and (4) Simarouba glauca, have been analysed in this research. The LCA studies were carried out at the Biofuel Park, in Hassan district of Karnataka State. The objectives were to (i) asses the energy input and output, green house gas emissions and impact of land use change on ecosystem (ii) assess the economic viability of biodiesel production and (iii) formulate strategies for sustainable biodiesel production at rural level LCA studies revealed that non-renewable energy requirement (NRER) throughout the life cycle of Pongamia, Madhuca, Azadirachta and Simarouba systems were found to be 4 to 7 times lower than Jatropha system and 25 to 42 times lower than conventional diesel system. Similarly, Net Energy Gain has been found to be highest in Madhuca, followed by Pongamia, Simarouba and Azadirachta system, which is 42 to 24 times higher than the output from Jatropha system. Global warming potential of Pongamia, Madhuca, Azadirachta and Simarouba were found to be 3-4 times lower than Jatropha system and 7- 8 times lower than fossil diesel system. Ecosystem structure and functional quality aspects of Pongamia, Madhuca, Azadirachta and Simarouba were found to be 2-4 times better than that of Jatropha system. Economic viability studies revealed that price of biodiesel (with 20 % profit) produced from Pongamia, Madhuca, Azadirachta and Simarouba oil was found to be 6 % less than iv subsidised conventional diesel in Karnataka State (i.e. Rs.51.20/- per litre annual average 2012) This study revealed that Pongamia and Simarouba are ecologically and economically viable while Azadirachta and Madhuca are only ecologically viable feedstock for biodiesel production in the current economic scenario. Strategies for sustainable biodiesel production were proposed based on the outcome of the LCA studies. The structured framework evolved as a part of this research may be adopted for analysing any local biodiesel feedstock in India for sustainable biodiesel production. v TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .................................................................................................. ii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iv TABLE OF CONTENT ..................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xiv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xix NOMENCLATURE ....................................................................................................... xxii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 1.0 Biodiesel Sector in India ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Supply Chain of Biodiesel in India ........................................................................ 2 1.1.1 Cultivation.................................................................................................................. 2 1.1.2 Processing .................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ethnomedicinal Investigation on Primitive Tribal Groups of Eastern Ghats, Koyyuru Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, South India
    Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2020, 10(3):1-12 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY Ethnomedicinal investigation on Primitive Tribal Groups of Eastern Ghats, Koyyuru Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, South India Chandravathi Dibba*, Bodayya Padal Salugu and Prakasa Rao Jonnakuti Department of Botany, Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh, India ABSTRACT The awareness of ethnomedicine is significant from the tribal inhabitants, but the information is limited owing to lack of scientific substantiation. The aim of the present study is to enumerate the ethnomedicinal information from PTGs (Primitive tribal groups) of Koyyuru Mandal, Visakhapatnam District, North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethnomedicinal plant information has been collected through several field trips and also by means of personal interviews from local tribal people/doctors. Based on the conference from the local tribal doctors and through discussions with them, a total number of 74 ethnomedicinal plant species with 70 genera of 43 families used to treat a total number of 59 diseases were collected. A small number of plants were used as medicine directly and remaining plants are used in mix together with other plant species. The significant use of each ethnomedicinal plant was obtained in consideration of available information from the local tribal doctors. Most frequently the plant leaves were used for preparing ethnomedicine. It is evident that the collected ethnomedicinal plants have significant medicinal value for one or more diseases. Fewer plants were noticed intended for healing two or more therapeutic values. Key words: Ethnomedicinal plants; Disease; Leukorrhea; Mucuna pruriens; Premature ejaculation; Jaundice Introduction Since many years, the researchers have focused on the significant use of medicinal plant materials to cure different contagious diseases throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem
    Check List 9(2): 186–207, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Check List of Wild Angiosperms of Bhagwan Mahavir PECIES S OF Mandar Nilkanth Datar 1* and P. Lakshminarasimhan 2 ISTS L (Molem) National Park, Goa, India *1 CorrespondingAgharkar Research author Institute, E-mail: G. [email protected] G. Agarkar Road, Pune - 411 004. Maharashtra, India. 2 Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India, P. O. Botanic Garden, Howrah - 711 103. West Bengal, India. Abstract: Bhagwan Mahavir (Molem) National Park, the only National park in Goa, was evaluated for it’s diversity of Angiosperms. A total number of 721 wild species belonging to 119 families were documented from this protected area of which 126 are endemics. A checklist of these species is provided here. Introduction in the National Park are Laterite and Deccan trap Basalt Protected areas are most important in many ways for (Naik, 1995). Soil in most places of the National Park area conservation of biodiversity. Worldwide there are 102,102 is laterite of high and low level type formed by natural Protected Areas covering 18.8 million km2 metamorphosis and degradation of undulation rocks. network of 660 Protected Areas including 99 National Minerals like bauxite, iron and manganese are obtained Parks, 514 Wildlife Sanctuaries, 43 Conservation. India Reserves has a from these soils. The general climate of the area is tropical and 4 Community Reserves covering a total of 158,373 km2 with high percentage of humidity throughout the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Threatened Jott
    Journal ofThreatened JoTT TaxaBuilding evidence for conservation globally PLATINUM OPEN ACCESS 10.11609/jott.2020.12.3.15279-15406 www.threatenedtaxa.org 26 February 2020 (Online & Print) Vol. 12 | No. 3 | Pages: 15279–15406 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) ISSN 0974-7907 (Online); ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Publisher Host Wildlife Information Liaison Development Society Zoo Outreach Organization www.wild.zooreach.org www.zooreach.org No. 12, Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti - Kalapatti Road, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Ph: +91 9385339863 | www.threatenedtaxa.org Email: [email protected] EDITORS English Editors Mrs. Mira Bhojwani, Pune, India Founder & Chief Editor Dr. Fred Pluthero, Toronto, Canada Dr. Sanjay Molur Mr. P. Ilangovan, Chennai, India Wildlife Information Liaison Development (WILD) Society & Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 12 Thiruvannamalai Nagar, Saravanampatti, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, Web Design India Mrs. Latha G. Ravikumar, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, India Deputy Chief Editor Typesetting Dr. Neelesh Dahanukar Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India Mr. Arul Jagadish, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mrs. Radhika, ZOO, Coimbatore, India Managing Editor Mrs. Geetha, ZOO, Coimbatore India Mr. B. Ravichandran, WILD/ZOO, Coimbatore, India Mr. Ravindran, ZOO, Coimbatore India Associate Editors Fundraising/Communications Dr. B.A. Daniel, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Mrs. Payal B. Molur, Coimbatore, India Dr. Mandar Paingankar, Department of Zoology, Government Science College Gadchiroli, Chamorshi Road, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra 442605, India Dr. Ulrike Streicher, Wildlife Veterinarian, Eugene, Oregon, USA Editors/Reviewers Ms. Priyanka Iyer, ZOO/WILD, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641035, India Subject Editors 2016–2018 Fungi Editorial Board Ms. Sally Walker Dr. B.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Study of Kalbhairavnath Sacred Grove, Bharsakale, Satara, Maharashtra
    REPORT Vol. 20, 2019 REPORT ARTICLE ISSN 2319–5746 EISSN 2319–5754 Species Floristic study of kalbhairavnath sacred grove, Bharsakale, Satara, Maharashtra Swapnaja Deshpande1, Uday Pawar2, Sunil Bhoite3, Jaykumar Chavan4 1,4Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, Maharashtra, India 2Department of Botany, A. S. S. Mahavidyalaya, Medha, Satara, Maharashtra, India 3DRONGO, Nisarga Sanshodgan, Sanvardhan Sanstha, Satara, Maharashtra, India Corresponding author Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, Maharashtra, India Email: [email protected] Article History Received: 28 August 2019 Accepted: 12 October 2019 Published: October 2019 Citation Swapnaja Deshpande, Uday Pawar, Sunil Bhoite, Jaykumar Chavan. Floristic study of kalbhairavnath sacred grove, Bharsakale, Satara, Maharashtra. Species, 2019, 20, 155-162 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as color digital version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT The Bharsakhale sacred grove is very unique in floral diversity. It comprises of 177 flowering plant species under 137 genera belonging to 65 families. This sacred grove is large source of important bioresources for local people. Therefore it is essential to protect these natural habitats. Keywords: Bharsakhale, Western Ghats, Endemic, Sacred groves 155 Page © 2019 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved. www.discoveryjournals.org OPEN ACCESS REPORT ARTICLE 1. INTRODUCTION In India and many parts of the world, a number of communities practice different forms of nature worship. One such significant tradition of nature worship is that of providing protection to patches of forests dedicated to deities or ancestral spirits. These vegetation patches have been designated as sacred groves.
    [Show full text]
  • Journalofthreatenedtaxa
    OPEN ACCESS The Journal of Threatened Taxa fs dedfcated to bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally by publfshfng peer-revfewed arfcles onlfne every month at a reasonably rapfd rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org . All arfcles publfshed fn JoTT are regfstered under Creafve Commons Atrfbufon 4.0 Internafonal Lfcense unless otherwfse menfoned. JoTT allows unrestrfcted use of arfcles fn any medfum, reproducfon, and dfstrfbufon by provfdfng adequate credft to the authors and the source of publfcafon. Journal of Threatened Taxa Bufldfng evfdence for conservafon globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Onlfne) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Prfnt) Artfcle Florfstfc dfversfty of Bhfmashankar Wfldlffe Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, Indfa Savfta Sanjaykumar Rahangdale & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale 26 August 2017 | Vol. 9| No. 8 | Pp. 10493–10527 10.11609/jot. 3074 .9. 8. 10493-10527 For Focus, Scope, Afms, Polfcfes and Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/About_JoTT For Arfcle Submfssfon Gufdelfnes vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/Submfssfon_Gufdelfnes For Polfcfes agafnst Scfenffc Mfsconduct vfsft htp://threatenedtaxa.org/JoTT_Polfcy_agafnst_Scfenffc_Mfsconduct For reprfnts contact <[email protected]> Publfsher/Host Partner Threatened Taxa Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 August 2017 | 9(8): 10493–10527 Article Floristic diversity of Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary, northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India Savita Sanjaykumar Rahangdale 1 & Sanjaykumar Ramlal Rahangdale2 ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) 1 Department of Botany, B.J. Arts, Commerce & Science College, Ale, Pune District, Maharashtra 412411, India 2 Department of Botany, A.W. Arts, Science & Commerce College, Otur, Pune District, Maharashtra 412409, India OPEN ACCESS 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected] (corresponding author) Abstract: Bhimashankar Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS) is located on the crestline of the northern Western Ghats in Pune and Thane districts in Maharashtra State.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Pteridophyte Flora of Sri Lanka R.H.G
    Taxonomy and Conservation Status of Pteridophyte Flora of Sri Lanka R.H.G. Ranil and D.K.N.G. Pushpakumara University of Peradeniya Introduction The recorded history of exploration of pteridophytes in Sri Lanka dates back to 1672-1675 when Poul Hermann had collected a few fern specimens which were first described by Linneus (1747) in Flora Zeylanica. The majority of Sri Lankan pteridophytes have been collected in the 19th century during the British period and some of them have been published as catalogues and checklists. However, only Beddome (1863-1883) and Sledge (1950-1954) had conducted systematic studies and contributed significantly to today’s knowledge on taxonomy and diversity of Sri Lankan pteridophytes (Beddome, 1883; Sledge, 1982). Thereafter, Manton (1953) and Manton and Sledge (1954) reported chromosome numbers and some taxonomic issues of selected Sri Lankan Pteridophytes. Recently, Shaffer-Fehre (2006) has edited the volume 15 of the revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon on pteridophyta (Fern and FernAllies). The local involvement of pteridological studies began with Abeywickrama (1956; 1964; 1978), Abeywickrama and Dassanayake (1956); and Abeywickrama and De Fonseka, (1975) with the preparations of checklists of pteridophytes and description of some fern families. Dassanayake (1964), Jayasekara (1996), Jayasekara et al., (1996), Dhanasekera (undated), Fenando (2002), Herat and Rathnayake (2004) and Ranil et al., (2004; 2005; 2006) have also contributed to the present knowledge on Pteridophytes in Sri Lanka. However, only recently, Ranil and co workers initiated a detailed study on biology, ecology and variation of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae) in Kanneliya and Sinharaja MAB reserves combining field and laboratory studies and also taxonomic studies on island-wide Sri Lankan fern flora.
    [Show full text]
  • Wild Edible Plant Resources Used by the Mizos of Mizoram, India
    KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY VOL. 9, No. I, July, 2013, 106-126 WILD EDIBLE PLANT RESOURCES USED BY THE MIZOS OF MIZORAM, INDIA 1A. Kar*, 2D.Bora, 3S. K. Borthakur, 1N. K. Goswami, 1D. Saharia 1The Energy and Resources Institute, Northeastern Regional Centre, Guwahati-36, India 2North Eastern India Ayurveda Research Institute (NEIARI), Guwahati-28, India 3Department of Botany, Gauhati University, Guwahati-14, India *Corresponding address:[email protected] Received 21 January, 2013; Revised 03 May, 2013 ABSTRACT The present communication deals with the wild edible plant resources of Mizo people. Study documented botanical name, family, local name, parts used and mode of preparation along with their parts sold in the local market and their prevailing prices. A total of 279 plant species belonging to 100 families were reported from the study area and out of these 35 species are sold in the market (Bara bazar). Present finding suggest further investigation on nutritional and commercial aspects, pharmacological prospects and conservational needs. Keywords: Wild edible plants, Mizo tribe, Bara bazar, Mizoram INTRODUCTION Mizoram lies between 21˚58' & 24˚35' N latitude and 92˚15' & 93˚29'E longitude spread over 21,081 sq.kms area. The state is bordered by Chin Hills of Myanmar in the east, Chittagong hills of Bangladesh and Tripura state in the west, Manipur state and Cachar district of Assam in the north and on the south Arakan hill ranges of Myanmar. Mizoram is a hilly state, average altitude ranges from 330m - 2140m with subtropical to temperate climate and fall under Assam phytogeographical region.
    [Show full text]
  • Phenolics, Fibre, Alkaloids, Saponins, and Cyanogenic Glycosides in A
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 31 (2003) 1221–1246 www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Phenolics, fibre, alkaloids, saponins, and cyanogenic glycosides in a seasonal cloud forest in India S. Mali a, R.M. Borges b,∗ a National Innovation Foundation, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad 380 015, India b Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India Received 18 June 2001; accepted 3 February 2003 Abstract We investigated secondary compounds in ephemeral and non-ephemeral parts of trees and lianas of a seasonal cloud forest in the Western Ghats of India. We measured astringency, phenolic content, condensed tannins, gallotannins, ellagitannins, and fibre, and also screened for alkaloids, saponins and cyanogenic glycosides in 271 plant parts across 33 tree and 10 liana species which constituted more than 90% of the tree and liana species of this species- poor forest. Cyanogenic glycosides occurred only in the young leaves of Bridelia retusa (Euphorbiaceae), i.e. in 2.3% of species examined. Alkaloids were absent from petioles, ripe fruit and mature seeds examined. Saponins were found in all types of plant parts. Condensed tannins occurred in almost all plant parts examined (93.6%), while hydrolysable tannins were less ubiquitous (gallotannins in 31.2% of samples, and ellagitannins in 18.9%). Astringency levels were significantly correlated with total phenolic, condensed tannin, and hydrolysable tannin contents. Condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin contents were not related. Immature leaves, flowers, and petioles had high astringency while lower levels were found in fruit. Flowers and fruit had the lowest fibre levels. There was no relationship between relative domi- nance of a species in the forest and the fibre or phenolic contents of its mature leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Assembly and Habitat Specialization of Tropical Tree Species Along Moisture Gradients in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot in India
    Community Assembly and Habitat Specialization of Tropical Tree Species along Moisture Gradients in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot in India Shivaprakash Kodukothanahally Nagaraju A Thesis In the Department of Biology Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Biology) at Concordia University Montreal, Quebec, Canada August 2018 © Shivaprakash Kodukothanahally Nagaraju, 2018 CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to certify that the thesis prepared By: Shivaprakash Kodukothanahally Nagaraju Entitled: Community Assembly and Habitat Specialization of Tropical Tree Species along Moisture Gradients in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot in India and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Biology) complies with the regulations of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Signed by the final Examining Committee: ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Chair Dr. Steven Shaw ---------------------------------------------------------------------- External Examiner Dr. N. Parthasarathy ---------------------------------------------------------------------- External to Program Examiner Dr. Laszlo Kalman ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Examiner Dr. Grant Brown ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Examiner Dr. Robert Weladji ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Plants of Cát Tiên National Park Danh Lục Thực Vật Vườn Quốc Gia Cát Tiên
    Plants of Cát Tiên National Park 04 August 2021 Danh lục thực vật Vườn Quốc Gia Cát Tiên Higher Bộ Family Chi - Loài Authority Ngành / Lớp / Phân họ Họ Rec. No.* Clas. Order Species (& Sub-family) ssp., var., syn. etc. & notes TÊN VIỆT NAM Ds Cd Mã số Clade: Embryophyta Nhánh: Thực vật có phôi (Division) Marchantiophyta Liverworts Ngành Rêu tản (Division) Anthocerotophyta Hornworts Ngành Rêu sừng (Division) Bryophyta Mosses Ngành Rêu Tracheophyta (Vascular plants) Thực vật có mạch (Division) Lycopodiophyta clubmosses, etc Ngành Thạch tùng Lycopodiales Huperziaceae firmosses Họ Thạch sam Huperzia carinata (Poir.) Trevis Phlegmariurus is the tropical sub-genus Thạch tùng sóng K C - T 4 Huperzia squarrosa (Forst.) Trevis Thạch tùng vảy K T 12 Huperzia obvalifolia (Bon.) Thạch tùng xoan ngược K C - T 8 Huperzia phlegmaria (L.) Roth Râu cây K C - T 9 Lycopodiaceae clubmosses Họ Thạch tùng Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Franco & Vasc Thạch tùng nghiên K T 16 Lycopodiella sp. Thạch tùng K T Selaginellales Selaginellaceae spikemosses Họ quyển bá Selaginella delicatula (Desv) Alst. Quyển bá yếu K T 41 Selaginella rolandi-principis Alston. Hoa đá K T 27 Selaginella willdenowii (Desv.) Baker. Quyển bá Willdenov K T 33 Selaginella chrysorrhizos Spring Quyển bá vàng K 39 Selaginella minutifolia Spring Quyển bá vi diệp K 49 (Division) Pteridophyta (Polypodiophyta) Leptosporangiate ferns Ngành Dương xỉ Class: Marattiopsida Lớp Dương xỉ tòa sen Marattiales Marattiaceae (previously Angiopteridaceae) Họ Dương xỉ tòa sen Angiopteris repandulade Vriese. Ráng hiền dực, Dương xỉ móng trâu K 82 Class: Pteridopsida or Polypodiopsida Lớp Dương xỉ Polypodiales polypod ferns Bộ Dương xỉ Aspleniaceae Họ Can xỉ (tổ diều) Asplenium nidus L.
    [Show full text]
  • This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G
    This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. The biogeographic affinities of the Sri Lankan flora A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Lakmini Darshika Kumarage Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh January 2016 Abstract The island of Sri Lanka’s exceptional biodiversity and enigmatic biogeography begs investigation, as the island is key in understanding the evolution of the Asian tropical flora. Since the Jurassic, Sri Lanka has been subjected to remarkable tectonic changes, thus its flora could have been influenced by that of a number of nearby landmasses, as well giving Sri Lanka the potential to have played a wider role in the assemblage of floras elsewhere. Firstly, as Sri Lanka originated as a fragment of the supercontinent Gondwana, part of its flora may contain Gondwanan relict lineages.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Download
    PLATINUM The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservaton globally by publishing peer-reviewed artcles OPEN ACCESS online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org. All artcles published in JoTT are registered under Creatve Commons Atributon 4.0 Internatonal License unless otherwise mentoned. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproducton, and distributon of artcles in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publicaton. Journal of Threatened Taxa Building evidence for conservaton globally www.threatenedtaxa.org ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print) Monograph On the inadequacy of environment impact assessments for projects in Bhagwan Mahavir Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park of Goa, India: a peer review – Girish Punjabi, Anisha Jayadevan, Abhishek Jamalabad, Nandini Velho, Madhura Niphadkar-Bandekar, Pronoy Baidya, Ravi Jambhekar, Parag Rangnekar, Omkar SPECIAL ISSUE Dharwadkar, Rhea Lopez, Marishia Rodrigues, Farai Divan Patel, H.S. Sathya Chan- dra Sagar, Sayan Banerjee, Manish Chandi, Nandini Mehrotra, Shashank Srinivasan, Sneha Shahi, Vidyadhar Atkore, Nirmal Kulkarni, Gowri Mallapur, Hanuman Gawas, Atul Borker, Rahul Prabhukhanolkar, Harshada S. Gauns, Dheeraj Halali, Vighnesh D. Shinde, Katrina Fernandez, Esme Purdie & Manoj R. Borkar 31 December 2020 | Vol. 12 | No. 18 | Pages: 17387–17454 DOI: 10.11609/jot.6650.12.18.17387-17454 For Focus, Scope, Aims, Policies, and Guidelines visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-0 For Artcle Submission Guidelines, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions For Policies against Scientfc Misconduct, visit htps://threatenedtaxa.org/index.php/JoTT/about/editorialPolicies#custom-2 For reprints, contact <[email protected]> The opinions expressed by the authors do not refect the views of the Journal of Threatened Taxa, Wildlife Informaton Liaison Development Society, Zoo Outreach Organizaton, or any of the partners.
    [Show full text]