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Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955) Papers, 1891-1977 Series 3/15/1 Boxes 1-44

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Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955) Papers, 1891-1977 Series 3/15/1 Boxes 1-44 Northwestern University Archives Evanston, Illinois Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955) Papers, 1891-1977 Series 3/15/1 Boxes 1-44 Biography Walter Dill Scott was born on May 1, 1869, in Cooksville, Illinois, the second son of James Sterling Scott and Henrietta Sutton Scott. His father had been employed in a carriage- manufacturing firm in Boston before poor health compelled him to move to the Midwest and take up farming. Because of his father's health, Walter, his older brother, John, and their three sisters, Mary Louise, Retta, and Myrtle, did much of the work around the farm. Walter obtained what education he could at the local rural schools and by studying during his rare free moments. Both Walter and John had decided at an early age that they wanted to become teachers. Walter spent two and a half years at Illinois State Normal University in Normal. By teaching at country schools in Leroy and Hudson during 1890-1891 and with the aid of a scholarship Walter was able to enter Northwestern University as a freshman in the fall of 1891. He supplemented his funds while in college by tutoring his fellow students. Walter was active as an undergraduate. He was treasurer of his freshman class and president of his senior class. He also served as president of the YMCA, vice president of a literary society, member of the editorial board of the Syllabus, and left guard on the varsity football team. In 1895 Scott received his Bachelor of Arts degree and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. His goal was to become president of a university in China. Since most of the Chinese universities were sponsored by religious organizations, Scott enrolled at McCormick Theological Seminary from which he received a Bachelor of Divinity degree in 1898. On July 21 of that year he married Anna Marcy Miller in Chicago. She had been a fellow student at Northwestern who had taught school in Peoria since her graduation. The Scotts had two sons: John Marcy$, born February 12, 1902, and Walter Sumner, January 8, 1908. Since no suitable openings in China occurred, Scott's growing interest in the new science of psychology took him to Germany where he obtained his Ph.D. in psychology and educational administration from the University of Leipzig and Mrs. Scott obtained her Ph.D. in philology and art from the University of Halle, both in 1900. Scott's doctoral work under the direction of Wilhelm Wundt, who had pioneered the separation of psychology from philosophy and transformed it into an experimental science, was a crucial turning point in his life. Upon returning to the United States, Scott accepted an appointment as instructor in psychology and pedagogy at Northwestern beginning in the fall of 1900. In 1902, he was promoted to assistant professor and appointed director of the psychological laboratory. From 1905 to 1907 Scott was associate professor of psychology and education; in 1907 he was promoted to professor of psychology and two years later he was appointed head of the new Department of Psychology. Northwestern granted Scott a leave of absence for 1916-1917 to enable him to serve as Director of the new Bureau of Salesmanship at the Carnegie Institution of Technology. Scott's main area of interest at the Bureau was the application of scientific knowledge to business problems. His leave was extended through 1917-1918. Scott's early books, The Theory of Advertising (1903) and The Psychology of Advertising (190, as well as his articles, reflected his research work and the current state of the young field. He later turned from analyzing the psychological elements and effects of advertising to an investigation of successful salesmanship. This led to an examination of the selection process for identifying such individuals and the 1 Northwestern University Archives Evanston, Illinois Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955) Papers, 1891-1977 Series 3/15/1 Boxes 1-44 development of pertinent tests to aid in the process. By the time of the First World War, Scott was well equipped to test, evaluate, and utilize the talents and skills of large numbers of people. In June, 1917, the staff of the Bureau voted unanimously to donate their services to the war effort. Scott devised and offered to the Army a proposal for selecting officers by scientific methods. The commandant of the officer's training camp at Plattsburg, New York, after a brief examination, rejected the proposal in no uncertain terms. Fortunately, Frederick P. Keppel, then assistant to the Secretary of War, saw a copy of the proposal and called Scott in order to discuss it. This led to a trial run of the method at Fort Myer, New Jersey. The Fort Myer experience produced such favorable results that Scott was given another chance at Plattsburg. Here, after a vigorous effort, Scott was finally able to win approval for his method. It was so successful in selecting good officers that it was later used to determine promotion of officers and, most important of all, to determine effective use of the vast pool of talents and skills among enlisted men. For this work, Scott, who was discharged as a colonel, was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal in 1919. In addition to this military recognition Scott was featured in American Men of Science, upon the recommendation of his colleagues in psychology, and elected President of the American Psychological Association for 1919. In February, 1919, Scott and several of his associates founded the Scott Company Engineers and Consultants in Industrial Personnel. The company had offices in Chicago, Phila- delphia, and Dayton, and in its first year provided assistance to more than 40 industrial and business concerns. Meanwhile, the departure of President Lynn Harold Hough from Northwestern in 1920 had left the University in an unsettled condition. The Board of Trustees invited Scott to become Northwestern's tenth president. This presented Scott with a difficult decision since the Scott Company had a bright future and Northwestern was in difficulty with an inadequate financial base and physical plant. However, the opportunity for service to his alma mater and the challenge of refinancing the University and transforming it to an outstanding institution proved decisive. Scott began his tenure as President on October 2, 1920, and was formally inaugurated on June 14, 1921. When Scott became President, the first alumnus to hold this position, he was known by many Northwestern graduates either as either a fellow student or a teacher. He used these relationships effectively during his nineteen years in office. Three major problems faced Scott in the fall of 1920. He had to provide a solid financial base for both current activities and future growth; he had to find donors who would underwrite new dormitory, classroom, and research buildings in Evanston and Chicago; and he had to forge an integrated university out of a collection of quite disparate elements. One indication of Scott's success as a fund-raiser is the increase in the University's endowment from $5,625,000 in 1920 to $26,700,000 in 1938. His establishment of the University Associates in 1928, an organization of carefully selected advisors, provided an opportunity for influential men of the Chicago area to learn of and support the manifold activities at Northwestern and support new programs as well. The value of Northwestern's physical plant rose from just under $12,000,000 to almost $48,000,000 between 1920 and 1939. Scott had retired when the largest building in Evanston 2 Northwestern University Archives Evanston, Illinois Walter Dill Scott (1869-1955) Papers, 1891-1977 Series 3/15/1 Boxes 1-44 was completed, the Technological Institute, but for many years he had quietly and effectively pursued Walter P. Murphy, who eventually donated $28,000,000 toward the Institute and related programs. Another major gift obtained by Scott was a Chicago office building valued at $3,000,000, donated to endow scholarships by Frederick C. Austin. Scott's careful cultivation of the Deering family led to gifts of over $1,000,000 which supported construction of the Deering Library opened in 1932. Housing for students, especially for women, was a pressing need and Scott solved the problem by the jointly-financed program that led to the construction of the women's quadrangles (dormitories and sororities) which were dedicated in 1927. Housing on the Chicago campus improved considerably with the construction of Abbott Hall in 1939. In Evanston, Dyche Stadium was erected and opened in the fall of 1926. The development of Northwestern's Chicago campus was probably the single most important event during Scott's presidency. The major gifts for these buildings came from Mrs. Montgomery Ward ($8,000,000), Mrs. Levy Mayer ($800,000), the Wieboldt Foundation ($500,000), Judge Elbert H. Gary (460,000), and Mrs. Elden M. Thorne ($250,000). By persist- ence Scott was even able to obtain funds from these donors for maintenance of the buildings. Scott enhanced the University academically by establishing the School of Journalism (1921), the School of Speech (1926), and the University College (1934). He helped to involve the faculty in the governance of the university by abolishing the University Council and establishing the much more representative University Senate. A General (university-wide) Alumni Association was also established, as was a university-wide purchasing department. The Personnel Office, established in 1926, was a direct outgrowth of both Scott's work in psychology and his ability to tap donors for specific purposes. L.B. Hopkins, one of Scott's closest associates in the Army Classification Program and the Scott Company, had installed an industrial personnel system at the Wilson Brothers sporting goods business.
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