Parliamentary Cretinism Weekly 2 September 5 2019 1265 Worker LETTERS

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Parliamentary Cretinism Weekly 2 September 5 2019 1265 Worker LETTERS A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Humans of one generation have n Letters and debate n Iran and the Donald to pass Earth on to succeeding n US Kautsky debate generations in an improved state n Stan Keable case No 1265 September 5 2019 Towards a Communist Party of the European Union £1/€1.10 Parliamentary cretinism weekly 2 September 5 2019 1265 worker LETTERS Letters may have been usually followed the Labour Party line. the tremendous development of the shortened because of Professor Davis asked what the forces of production since Marx’s day, space. Some names principles, strategy and tactics were in capitalism can now be transformed into may have been changed this struggle, and answered her own socialism/communism fairly quickly - Summer Offensive question in this way: and that exchanging quotes from Marx Principle: the road to socialism (she settles only the academic, historical Leave now! did not specify if this was the British question of what Marx thought, not On September 2 I attended a public road ...). what should be done today. Over the meeting organised by the London Strategy: Brexit was part of the Adam Buick district committee and North London necessary strategy to achieve socialism, Socialist Party of Great Britain Communist Party of Britain (before because it is impossible to transform the the events of this week in parliament current order within the EU. We (eg, the China programme finishing line obviously). left) want Brexit because we want that Paul Demarty’s article on the The leaflet for the event - entitled change to socialism. continuing crisis in Hong Kong ‘Brexit for the people. No to EU Tactics: yes to a general election, yes undoubtedly raised the key problem of Austerity! Why Labour should to no deal, unless there is a good deal. the protest movement there - the lack support leave’ - promised an action- “We” are committed to parliamentary of a programme for China (‘We need packed discussion, proving that sovereignty, so the need is to oppose the a game plan’, August 15). However, Brexit - or Lexit, as proposed by prorogation of parliament. In addition the article didn’t put forward any such the CPB’s new front, Leave, Fight, “we” need an international Brexit, so programme, so we are left wondering Transform (LeFT) - was needed for that there is a social transformation if Paul has it in mind to write a second “the people”. The Marx Memorial leading to socialism. article, in which he might suggest the Library and Workers School meeting Questions and statements followed, outlines of such a programme. hall was crowded. which included a remark from the KKE If he does plan to do so, he may well International speakers had been speaker that the EU was passing laws need to start with a clearer analysis of invited. Thassod Mangelis from the leading to “modern slavery”. However, the class nature of China. Throwaway KKE (Communist Party of Greece) one question unanswered by this phrases such as “the capitalist elite” spoke about the situation in Greece, and meeting was how nationalist interest or “the Stalinist-capitalist dictatorship argued that the European Union cannot could be transformed into socialism, of China as a whole” just create more be democratised because of its relations and another asked at the end (which confusion than clarity. And an unclear with Nato - they are the leading anti- seemed to sum up the questions not analysis of the situation in China will communist organisations that equate asked or answered by this meeting) inevitably have a limiting effect on any fascism with communism - and that was: “How do we win the unity of the programme. the benefits go mainly to Germany. working class?” Actually, the Chinese regime’s own He ended his statement with the cry, There will be a fringe meeting of the definition of their system as “market “Workers of the world, unite!” LeFT group at the TUC conference, at socialism” is a reasonably accurate Next spoke Andreas Gregoriou, which Arthur Scargill will be coming assessment of the current system in secretary of the Cypriot Progressive out of retirement to speak, alongside the China. It is as if Lenin’s New Economic Party of Working People (AKEL) in general secretary of the CPB, Robert Programme of 1921 has been taken to Britain. He stressed the “needs of the Griffiths. the ultimate level. people” in Cyprus, with unemployment Gaby Rubin Given that the public sector is still and poverty rising; the shrinking of London dominant in China (80%, including the public sector. He said that austerity state ownership of the banks), the revealed the real nature of the system State capitalism central demand needs to be for the - one-third of the population is living Despite what Jack Conrad writes, democratisation of the state, society on or under a living wage and that the I have never claimed that Lenin and the economy. But not along unemployment rate for youth is 30%. innovated when he called post-capitalist the competitive lines of capitalist think that from many comrades’ hands of many SOs, so it was Mick Carty, general secretary of society ‘socialism’ (‘The two phases democracy: rather in a collectivist form, I point of view, this year’s extremely encouraging that the the Connolly Association, changed the of communism’, August 15). This based on participatory democracy. That Summer Offensive - the CPGB’s young comrade, OP, managed tenor by speaking about the situation was standard practice amongst first- is something we also need in the west. annual fundraising drive - was £590. Ditto our cohort of in Ireland with respect to relations generation Marxists and, in fact, shows Pat Byrne very encouraging. Not vintage, comrades from the Netherlands between the north and south, and that for them the words ‘socialism’ and Labour International (personal capacity) but a definite move forward from (who attended the CPGB’s the EU. He amused the audience by ‘communism’ were interchangeable. recent years. There are several Communist University and took claiming that the EU’s free mobility of Lenin’s ‘innovation’ was to see New world reasons for this. a lively and engaged part both labour gave Irish workers “a choice of ‘socialism’ starting at the beginning of Banks are closing down local First, there was the simple fact in the formal sessions and in the places to emigrate to”. He stated that the the period Marx envisaged when the branches and removing cash services. that we hit and went beyond our informal, boisterous discussions Connolly Association worked for Irish working class would be using its control Customers wishing to withdraw target of £30,000 over the two- that - occasionally fuelled by a unity and independence and as such did of political power to transform capitalist money as cash are directed to cash month period of the campaign. small sherry or two - stretched not take a position on the backstop. society into ‘communist society’ (or, machines, but the number of ATMs is When all the last-minute shrapnel on into the night). Our Dutch The long-awaited main speaker the same thing, ‘socialist society’): ie, declining. Mobile payments - either and notes had been totted up, comrades contributed £1,200 of the evening, Labour peer Maurice a period during which socialism (or for bill paying or person-to-person we had powered through to an to the SO and - reflecting the Glasman, spoke next. He argued that communism) had yet to be established. transactions - will be the last nail in impressive £31,257 (well over affection the comrades were held the difference between globalisation Lenin further ‘innovated’ by the coffin for cash. £6,000 more than the SO of in by CPGBers - were given a and internationalism was being eroded extending this period into what Marx In countries that lead this transition 2018). boisterous round of applause at in the discussion. The EU, he argued, had called the “first phase of communist to a digital economy - Iceland, Second, this successful our celebration meal to mark being a great capitalist enterprise, society”. As a result he has the state Norway, Sweden and Denmark - campaign was noticeable for a the ending of the fundraising “makes resistance to capitalism illegal”. and the wages system continuing to nearly all transactions, both in volume rather more rigorous approach campaign. The EU gives priority to capital over survive into socialism/communism. As and number, are digital. Today, to contacting comrades in our A small flurry of donations labour. he put it in State and revolution, in this less than three percent of consumer immediate periphery, plus from supporters and sympathisers Internationalism was solidarity phase “all citizens are transformed into payments in Norway are in cash. And the more distant friends our was also very useful in getting with the oppressed. Globalisation was hired employees of the state” (chapter what has happened in Scandinavia is organisation has. One recurrent us over the finishing line and defiance of working class agency, 5, section 3). In other articles from the now happening in the UK too. weakness of our culture that this beyond - many thanks for the despising working people. It is not same period Lenin frequently confused We must support the move to a year’s SO has reminded us of is last-minute donations by TDB the uneducated who are opposed to state capitalism and socialism in this cash-free society. But it should mean our amateurism, when it comes and JC (£200 each) and the Brexit (after all, teachers voted against way, as all Leninists have done ever that all people, including the unbanked to keeping active links with others who rushed cash to us, as Brexit): even the Labour leadership since.
Recommended publications
  • David Cameron and Greensill
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity David Cameron and Greensill: all n Letters and debate n Iran negotiations perfectly proper and above board n Royal family Nazis - according to the authorities n Nationalist nightmares No 1342 April 8 2021 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 LOYAL SERVANTS OF LIBERAL BOURGEOISIE weekly 2 April 8 2021 1342 worker LETTERS Letters may have been This is a strange argument for agricultural commodities (wages) and extending them becomes manifest with the repeal of shortened because of space. Some names for a Marxist to make. Capitalist and so commodity production in back into history, rather than the Corn Laws. may have been changed production begins in the towns in agriculture. analysing each historical period Arthur Bough the 15th century, as the towns grow, Even, then, of course, as in its specificity. It is even more email creating the minimum size of market Marx describes - and Lenin also incongruous to do that at the same Blind alley required for capitalist production to establishes in ‘On the so-called time as trying to claim that the law Gramsci Writing in Weekly Worker, Ammar be able to undercut the independent market question’ - this commodity of value, as a natural law, only exists Debates over how Gramsci’s writings Kazmi asks me to “promptly handicraft producers. It’s why, as production in the countryside is not under capitalism, or indeed that the have been interpreted and deployed explain” and “correct” what I Marx describes, capitalism has capitalist production, unlike that concepts, value and surplus value, can be helpful in clarifying important wrote in my article, ‘Defend David to begin in the towns and such already established in the towns.
    [Show full text]
  • Lars T Lih: 150 Years After His Birth, How to Evaluate Lenin and His Ideas Weekly 2 May 7 2020 1298 Worker LETTERS
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Without a comprehensive n Letters and debate n Abbott & Ribeiro-Addy programme there is no road n STWC ceasefire map to socialism and beyond n Michael Roberts No 1298 May 7 2020 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 Lars T Lih: 150 years after his birth, how to evaluate Lenin and his ideas weekly 2 May 7 2020 1298 worker LETTERS Letters may have been image - though it was sometimes used incidents should themselves be war around the globe. “So,” Lazare struggles. The strike waves of the shortened because of by his critics. What Cliff did argue suspended from membership.” The concludes of Biden, “while he’d be 1930s, for example, forced the space. Some names was that a central task of the party was lack of “anti-Semitic incidents” is not better in Wisconsin, he’d be worse judiciary to establish the precedent may have been changed to learn from the class. As he wrote in their concern, but anyone talking to when it comes to the rest of the world, that “freedom of contract” is not Portugal at the crossroads, “In short these criminals should be shot - sorry, where US power predominates.” inviolable and that the government they [the party] have to learn from I mean expelled. We do not doubt Biden’s record and courts can intervene to protect Compliment their fellow workers as much as - or We know that accepting the of racism and capitalist austerity workers’ union rights and enforce No sport, nothing on television; what more than - they have to teach ..
    [Show full text]
  • Mike Macnair
    Paper of the Communist Party of Great Britain weekly No need for a party? Mike n Labour makes gains workern Non-Labour left Macnair reports from the n Lib Dem slump US Platypus convention n CPGB aggregate No 865 Thursday May 12 2011 Towards a Communist Party of the European Union www.cpgb.org.uk £1/€1.10 CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS BECKONS 8 May 12 2011 865 US LEFT No need for party? The US Platypus grouping does not have a political line because there is ‘no possibility of revolutionary action’. Mike Macnair reports on its convention attended the third annual Platypus about madness and the penitentiary, as International Convention in Chi- well as about the history of sexuality, Icago over the weekend April 29- have been falsified by historians. May 1. The Platypus Affiliated So- And, though he identified Foucault’s ciety is a, mainly student, left group tendency to marginalise class politics, of an odd sort (as will appear further he saw this as merely a product of the below). Its basic slogan is: ‘The left defeat of the left, rather than as an is dead; long live the left’. Starting active intervention in favour of popular very small, it has recently expanded frontism. Hence he missed the extent rapidly on US campuses and added to which the Anglo-American left chapters in Toronto and Frankfurt. academic and gay/lesbian movement Something over 50 people attended reception of Foucault was closely tied the convention. to the defence of extreme forms of The fact of Platypus’s rapid growth popular frontism by authors directly on the US campuses, though still as or indirectly linked to Marxism yet to a fairly small size, tells us that Today, for whom it was an instrument in some way it occupies a gap on the against the ‘class-reductionist’ ideas US left, and also tells us something of Trotskyists.
    [Show full text]
  • Neil Faulkner and His Dreadful Mangling of Basic
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Mike Macnair: Neil Faulkner n Letters and debate n Covid-19: one million deaths and his dreadful mangling n Covid-19 conspiracies of basic Marxism n UN biodiversity posturing No 1317 October 1 2020 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 FREE JULIAN ASSANGE weekly 2 October 1 2020 1317 worker LETTERS Letters may have been an hour of moderate exercise a day - of any suggestions of what leftwing are with sadistic formality deemed ‘fit as an exciting race! Now surely this is shortened because of something that can be easily undone Americans should do. ‘A plague on to work’. what people who know perfectly well space. Some names (and more) in five minutes by both your houses’ is a popular way of I would suggest that nobody now they’re the working class are waiting may have been changed drinking a 330ml can of the world’s absenting oneself from any action or has the faintest idea of how many to engage with - these messages most advertised and biggest selling responsibility, and in my mind it is a workers are unemployed. The press, being sent out that their ears will hear soft drink. dereliction of duty. again, quotes figures every now and as music. This communist truth is Obesity James Linney If DL is correct, and change has to then, generally without question, but about a future of clean-air woodlands Thank you to Gary Simons for email come to the US - and possibly soon I think we can confidently assert that with dappled glades, rather than a his considered letter, raising some - then surely any leftwing person they are woefully underestimated.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly Worker
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity weekly Yassamine Mather n Letters and debate workern July 10 strikes delves into Israel’s n Crisis theory secret nuclear arsenal n Marc Mulholland No 1019 Thursday July 17 2014 Towards a Communist Party of the European Union www.cpgb.org.uk £1/€1.10 Marxism 2014 presents... Codename: carry on as before AN YGAEL GLUCKSTEIN PRODUCTION 2 weekly July 17 2014 1019 worker LETTERS Letters may have been abolished; and that the British state whistling”, pretending not to understand the Lib Dems in Westminster. the respectable face of youth culture - top shortened because of needs to be overthrown - not broken up the term as embodying coded hostility to It does mean there is a real national DJ, presenter of youth radio and family space. Some names - are under attack. These old ideas have ‘foreigners’, whether of English or other question to be addressed - and the TV, friend to prince Charles and prime may have been changed yet to be winkled out their Labourist origin, who may not fall into line behind demand for a federal republic does minister Margaret Thatcher, marathon shells. Loyalty to them forms part a nationalist project. indeed address this - with the strategic runner for charity, the face and voice of Spoilt vote? of what Sandy McBurney calls the In commenting about the “dark side” aim of strengthening working class unity public service ads for car safety and the The debate between Sandy McBurney “rearming of the labour movement”. of the English ruling class (as opposed to on the basis of struggle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Two Phases of Communism Weekly 2 August 15 2019 1264 Worker LETTERS
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Fabian or anarchist? n Letters and debate n Hong Kong protest limits Mike Macnair on the US n Communist University left’s ‘Kautsky debate’ n US: decline and constitution No 1264 August 15 2019 Towards a Communist Party of the European Union £1/€1.10 The two phases of communism weekly 2 August 15 2019 1264 worker LETTERS has tried to maintain his position, taking Letters may have been true, but hardly constitutes a programmatic who wrote of the need for a revolutionary cases, throwing out bad cases and dodgy shortened because of entry. dictatorship. It was Lenin who defined evidence - not any more. Cases since forward the policy of last year’s conference space. Some names I have a copy of a more detailed version and defended the term in his battles with Savile show that the CPS works hand in and the Labour Party version (perhaps?) of may have been changed of ‘What we fight for’ (I don’t know how Kautsky. For Lenin, dictatorship means glove with police officers in preparing the class struggle - For the many, not the old it is, whether the detail is still valid or rule untrammelled by law. charges and evidence. Vital pieces of few. The class struggle is still the most why only a drastically shortened version is Lenin’s definition of dictatorship is evidence are lost in huge court bundles important political struggle in the UK and Revolution now published), which adds: “They will correct; but, unlike the Roman republicans marked ‘not of assistance’.
    [Show full text]
  • Batley and Spen: DON’T VOTE AGAINST STARMER VOTE for MARXIST STRATEGY Weekly 2 June 24 2021 1353 Worker LETTERS
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Mike Macnair: legislation to n Letters and debate n GB News buffoonery ‘protect free speech’ is part n US Marxist Unity Slate of Tory ongoing culture wars n Deniz Poyraz killing No 1353 June 24 2021 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 Batley and Spen: DON’T VOTE AGAINST STARMER VOTE FOR MARXIST STRATEGY weekly 2 June 24 2021 1353 worker LETTERS are building a partition wall between delegate conference being held as a result, taken out of national happy-clappy atmosphere, where Letters may have been South Asian heritage British subjects online (Covid prevented it being strike action over pay. The HMRC everyone just does whatever shortened because of space. Some names and their families and friends in the held at all in 2020) and most of has been vicious against PCS the NEC proclaims is good for may have been changed subcontinent. Can they succeed? my misgivings were correct. reps, trying to get them sacked. the PCS - rather like the Labour Even the partition wall of Starmer’s Although branches this time could It is hypocritical for Serwotka to Party and the TUC then. The friends in the Israeli state, in spite register as many delegates as they condemn ‘fire and rehire’, whilst NEC elections, the motions from Anti-Semitism? of splitting families and forbidding wanted, only one for each branch accepting the deal for worse terms the NEC and restrictions on Those who receive circular the cohabitation of Palestinians with could actually vote and every and conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement: Before, During and After the 1921 March Action in Germany
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Supplement: Before, n Letters and debate n Pandemic hits third world during and after the 1921 n Spring Communist University March Action in Germany n Inequality keeps growing No 1346 May 6 2021 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 Rent-seeking as mass murder weekly 2 May 6 2021 1346 worker LETTERS PCS they will always call in recently told that 125 branches about that. annual leave, sick pay, etc) for Letters may have been opposition speakers to ensure a had responded, but not which Another practice I did not like above-inflation pay rises is that shortened because of space. Some names balanced debate. However, the option most branches favoured at annual conferences was the fact they have taken major groups of may have been changed online conference arrangements nor what the comments were. the standing orders committee members out of the supposed PCS require branches to state, in One huge problem of (SOC) seemed to place the NEC’s national fight to secure annual advance, who is to speak on PCS merging with another motions on major issues at the pay bargaining with the treasury. PCS merger? a motion and whether they union will be that it might be top of all the relevant sections, My last activity before I retired The Public and Commercial are supporting or opposing it. affiliated to the Labour Party. so the NEC dominated all the in 2018 was to get the ministry of Services union is claiming that It can be seen that delegates Whilst the Provisional Central major debates.
    [Show full text]
  • SWP and Its Off-On, Off-On Relationship with Programme Weekly 2 May 14 2020 1299 Worker LETTERS
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity World War II: breeding n CPGB aggregate n Biden and lesser-evilism ground for comforting myths, n Covid-19 Italian style both for bourgeoisie and left n CPGB 100 years No 1299 May 14 2020 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 SWP and its off-on, off-on relationship with programme weekly 2 May 14 2020 1299 worker LETTERS Letters may have been of wages and of hours, etc lose all political the case with the organisational model interests: 1905 or 1917? the Workers International League (better shortened because of purchase.) of top-table-dominated bureaucratic Alan Johnstone known as Socialist Appeal), the British space. Some names I will admit that it is a very long time centralism, which is promoted by the Socialist Party of Great Britain section of the International Marxist may have been changed since I read the first three volumes of Labour and trade union bureaucracy and Tendency. Socialist Appeal currently sees Cliff’s Lenin (in the late 70s and early most of the left. To insist on “learning” Join CPGB? the 90,000 people who voted for Richard 80s), that I haven’t kept a hard copy of and “generalising experience” as the Ian Birchall marshals a well-argued Burgon in the Labour Party deputy Error of method it, and that I didn’t feel the need to revisit exclusive tasks of this minority is, in fact, defence of Tony Cliff and his emphasis on leadership contest as its target audience Ian Birchall’s reply to my article on the it online to write a journalistic squib to prevent ever overcoming that poison.
    [Show full text]
  • SWP Embroiled in Scandal Over Sexual Misconduct
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Another fine mess: SWP n Letters and debate n China and Covid-19 embroiled in scandal n Lenin 150 years over sexual misconduct n CPGB 100 years No 1297 April 30 2020 Towards a mass Communist Party £1/€1.10 Why do people believe in conspiracy theories? Edmund Griffiths investigates weekly 2 April 30 2020 1297 worker LETTERS Letters may have been common programme, but, rather, are the Reagan-Bush Sr drug war from impact of the pandemic on capitalism, (PCC) is looking to unite Marxists, shortened because of nothing more than a state-regulated the right by arguing for stiffer and on the working class, nationally however currently misguided, into space. Some names mutual-assistance organisation for penalties against drug users as well as and internationally (‘Crisis and such a party. United, not around a may have been changed aspiring office-holders. By all means, drug dealers - but he’s also an arch- consequences’). The same concerns - charismatic leader or an esoteric let’s detach Democratic voters, and imperialist who’s been neck-deep for capitalism at least - are shared by reading of Marx or Lenin, but around Republican ones as well, from such a in every major US crime of the last politicians, academics and the media, a programme. There can be factions US democracy corrupt structure. But it’s impossible 30 years, from the invasion of Iraq as we can see each day, though with a and disagreements, but unity in action. In his March 12 article, ‘Lessons being to split the organisation, since the and Afghanistan to the destruction good deal less foresight and candour.
    [Show full text]
  • Weekly Worker 940 November 29 2012 3 EGYPT
    Paper of the Communist Party of Great Britain weekly Lawrence Parker’s book: n Letters and debate workern Pharaoh Mursi llluminating the factional n Workers Power struggles of the CPGB 1945-91 n Rotherham fostering No 940 Thursday November 29 2012 Towards a Communist Party of the European Union www.cpgb.org.uk £1/€1.10 The madness of a dying system weekly 2 November 29 2012 940 worker LETTERS Letters may have been version of socialist revolution? Not beforehand, avoided buildings of of revolutionaries on campus would Respect, but this has been sidelined shortened because of only will we all be dead by then: the political significance and proceeded be an important step in this direction. by our magnificent, positive space. Some names human race itself is likely to have down almost empty streets, as it Callum Williamson campaign with the Respect battle may have been changed become extinct as well. meandered away from central London London bus, advertising truck and campaign Andrew Northall south of the river Thames. The rally groups in every ward. SPGB enigma email in Kennington Park did not go as the Loopy Polling conducted in the Croydon I was pleased to see Jon D White’s NUS would have hoped. President The Socialist Workers Party’s habit North by-election suggests that Lee quite reflective letter about the Sort it out Liam Burns was heckled and forced of bending in the wind to every Jasper, the Respect candidate, is Socialist Party of Great Britain, and I must thank Heather Downs to leave the stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Supreme Court Will Be Used Against a Radical Labour Government Weekly 2 September 26 2019 1268 Worker LETTERS
    A paper of Marxist polemic and Marxist unity Labour 2019 conference: n Letters and debate n Union block votes victories for Corbyn, n Clause four mixed results for left n John Humphrys No 1268 September 26 2019 Towards a Communist Party of the European Union £1/€1.10 Be careful what you celebrate: Supreme Court will be used against a radical Labour government weekly 2 September 26 2019 1268 worker LETTERS Letters may have been we are likely to drive them further of any Brexit related policy should be The Guardian still carries some good and Irish remain are united by shortened because of into the arms of the far-right. to build a European wide movement stuff such as the Windrush articles recognition of the rights of nations to space. Some names Better to offer the democratic for pro-working-class reform. and the war of attrition against the self-determination. may have been changed option of another referendum but Sandy McBurney welfare state. However, my wife Republicans should support this time with concrete proposals for Glasgow and I and friends have been saying a ratification referendum which leave and remain. In this Corbyn is for some time that it has been going is quite different to a second Extremism correct. However, I would suggest Banner down the pan, which I naively referendum or the inclusion of a As you are no doubt aware, the ‘anti- three options on the ballot in a single It was I who put up the banner thought might just be the new remain question to reverse the 2016 Semitism’ campaign in the Labour transferable vote system.
    [Show full text]