Mating Behaviour of Crocidolomia Pavonana F
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Proceeding The 1st IBSC: Towards The Extended Use Of Basic Science For Enhancing 88 Health, Environment, Energy And Biotechnology ISBN: 978-602-60569-5-5 Mating Behaviour of Crocidolomia pavonana F. Purwatiningsih and Mirza Devara Department of Biology, Faculty of Math and Natural Sciences, University of Jember, Jember, Indonesia Email:[email protected] Abstract—The sequence and duration of mating behaviour Crocidolomia pavonana were observed and investigated by using ethogram time budgets. This research was conducted in the dark hours from 18:00 pm to 06.00 am. The results showed that C. pavonana mating behaviour consists of calling behaviour , courtship behaviour, copulation and oviposition behaviour. Behaviour of copulation was dominated among other behaviour. It took about 48% of on all mating steps behaviour. However, the frequency of the calling leaded by 70.8 times among other behaviour Keywords: single copulation, calling, Crocidolomia pavonana, INTRODUCTION were layed eggs on cabbage seedling. Every day, the eggs Crocidolomia pavonana F. is one of the damaging was taken and transferred into smaller containers until insect on cabbage.[1]. This insect was difficult to control hatched to be larvae, pupae and imago. We, then used the because it has a high reproductive rate and resistance to imago for the research. Insect breeding process carried out various insecticides. To date, there is a promising control at a temperature between 21 - 27ºC and relative humidity methods such as the intrusion of mating behaviour, or so- between 62-96% , photoperiods of light and dark (L: D) 12 called mating disrupstion [2] [3]. It describes the strategy hours: 12 hours based on the knowledge that mating behaviour took place e. Sex Determination on Pupa and Imago with duration and show preference to certain plant species Sex determination can be done on the pupal stage. [4]. Each insect species have specific mating behaviour. Observation begins by taking 10 pupae at the same age (2 Therefore, it need to be observed in the form of stages and days before emergence. It can be done by examining the the duration on each steps within the mating cycles. The end of the ventral abdomen as shown in Figure 1. Male data is associated with the ability to reproduce insects[5]. genital openings closer to each other and are located in two Research on the mating behaviour of C. pavonana has never distinct segments, namely the ninth and tenth. Female been done before. So we need a profound observation to genital and anal openings are wider and are located on the determine the mating behaviour of C. pavonana on cabbage ninth and tenth segments are fused. Imago males have plants in order to provide some insight for C.pavonana abdominal slim and conical, while females have a wider biocontrol methods abdomen than the males and the edges are very sharp. This METHODS observations is generally similar to Helulla undalis that are a. Time and Place currently on the family Pyralidae Kalbfleisch (2006) The study was conducted for 8 months starting in August 2015 to March 2016. The observations of behaviour, carried out at the dark period from 18:00 p.m. to 06:00 a.m. (following the mating behaviour of C. pavonana). Breeding C. pavonana and behavioural observations conducted at the Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, University of Jember. b. Tools and materials The tools used in this study include stopwatch, brushes, scissors, cage imago measuring 50 x 50 x 38 cm, container larvae diameter of 25 cm and a height of 16 cm, a measuring Fig 1. Crocidolomia pavonana of Pupa Phase to Imago cup 10 ml, jars plastics, flashlight, tweezers, microscopes f. Data collection for observation stereo, timer switches, hygrometer, video camera Sony The observations were made since the first day when Handycam DCR DVD 810, and a microscope camera imago eclosed from the pupa. Observations were made on a OptiLab. single pair of adult C. pavonana one-day-old female who is The materials used consisted of imago C. pavonana, a still virgin and imago C. pavonana males. One pair of adult solution of honey, tissue, cotton, seeds F1 Hybrid Cabbage C. pavonana were inserted into the cage ( 50 cm x 50 cm x Green Coronet of PT. Takii Indonesia, distilled water, and 38 cm) and were given a 10% solution of honey. In the sawdust. cage was also provides cabbage seedling in 2 polybags as a c. Insect Collection host plant. Furthermore, the observation of mating C. pavonana was taken from cabbage crops in the behaviour was made every hour throughout the night, Bromo Tengger Mountains, Probolinggo and the Ijen starting at 18:00 to 6:00 pm.The mating started in the dark Crater, Bondowoso, East Java. The collection was done on period 12 hours circadian rhythms (Karungi et al., 2010). a cabbage crops with free pesticide application. The insect Behavioural observations was conducted over four days with all stadia was collected and then cultivated in the with four repetitions. The flashlight and a red light were laboratory of Zoology, University of Jember. used for observation. d. Insect Rearing According Shirai (1995) C. pavonana have pre Rearing is done by taking the larvae and eggs obtained reproductive period for 2-3 days and the peak occurrence of from field into the plastic container. In each container put oviposition on the fourth day until the fifth day after cabbage leaves that have been washed for C. pavonana leaving the pupa. Pre reproductive period in question is the larvae. Every day the container is cleaned and kept the period of time required for the process of egg maturation. moisture. The late instar 4 larvae were then transferred into Observation of mating behaviour performed until a container containing sawdust as a media for pupation. oviposition occurs Then, the pupae were transferred into cages with the Data observed included: Mating behaviour includes cabbage seedling. After one week, the imago were eclosed. systematic order of phase behaviour; The duration of the To feed the imago,10% solution of honey mixed with whole activity of mating behaviour ;Characteristics of each distilled water was applied . Once they mate, the female Biology Mating Behaviour of Crocidolomia pavonana F Proceeding The 1st IBSC: Towards The Extended Use Of Basic Science For Enhancing Health, Environment, Energy And Biotechnology 89 ISBN: 978-602-60569-5-5 mating behaviour; Measurements of air temperature, 4 humidity, and age of imago. g. Data Analysis 3 Calling Data were analyzed descriptively to know the Behavio 2 characteristics of mating behaviour C. pavonana. The data is ur then shaped in ethogram time budgets that records every 1 behaviour that occurs within the duration of one cycle of Average Total mating behaviour and made in the form of graphs and tables Frequency Behavior 0 to explain each category of mating behaviour that goes with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 Dark Period time constraints. Fig 2. Graph Crocidolomia pavonana F. mating behaviour in a RESULTS AND DISCUSSION cycle of mating for 4 days (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.). The results obtained through observations of mating behaviour in C. pavonana in one cycle of mating behaviour Based on Figure 2. appears t h a t the calling behaviour gained an average duration of the behaviour of the calling have a total average of highest frequency in the dark was 19.3 minutes, the duration is longer than the courtship periods of the ninth and tenth decline in hours until the behaviour during 17.7 minutes. Copulation behaviour ha s eleventh hour. Courtship behaviour ha s a total average of an average duration of 103.3 minutes and oviposition highest frequency in the dark periods of the eighth and fell behaviour ha s an average duration of 73.5 minutes. The to the dark periods of the ni n th to the eleventh hour. total average duration of the entire m a t i n g behaviour C. Copulation behaviour ha s a total average of highest pavonana as much as 213.8 minutes (Table 1). In the study, frequency in the dark periods of the tenth and oviposition Lee., et al [6] The average total time duration that is shorter behaviour ha s a total average of highest frequency in the than the moth Tuta absoluta 400 m i n u t e s for the entire eleventh period mating behaviour. Other research Lopez., et al [7] The Calling behaviour C. pavonana has dark period peak on average total duration of Sesamia nonagrioides moth the seventh day of the second and eighth hours of day one. mating behaviour as much as 288 minutes is calculated So that the calling behaviour of the highest pair on the first without the time duration of oviposition behaviour. day and the second day of observation. But on the third day and the fourth day of the calling behaviour experience a Table 1. Mating behaviour Crocidolomia pavonana F. decrease in the average number of behaviours. On the during the mating cycle starting at 6 p.m. to 6:00 * fourth day of the tenth and eleventh dark periods not a.m. ° C with a humidity of 72% RH (Relative encountered calling behaviour. In the courtship behaviour Humidity). The data obtained in the f o r m of ha s a peak period in the dark hours of the sixth to tenth. observations of mating behaviour C. pavonana Many courtship behaviour occurred on day one, the second during the mating cycle of 12 hours of night in 4 and third. Courtship behaviour has decreased to zero at the days (Table 1).