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Efficacy of Jatropha Curcas L. Seed Extract on Mortality of Cabbage Crop Larvae (Crocidolomia Binotalis Zeller: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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Efficacy of Jatropha Curcas L. Seed Extract on Mortality of Cabbage Crop Larvae (Crocidolomia Binotalis Zeller: Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) DOI: 10.46909/cerce-2020-026 Original Article Available online: www.uaiasi.ro/CERCET_AGROMOLD/ Print ISSN 0379-5837; Electronic ISSN 2067-1865 Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova Vol. LIII , No. 3 (183) / 2020: 307-313 EFFICACY OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. SEED EXTRACT ON MORTALITY OF CABBAGE CROP LARVAE (CROCIDOLOMIA BINOTALIS ZELLER: LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) E.L. BAIDENG1,*, J.J. PELEALU1, B.H. ASSA2, H.A.W. LENGKEY3 *E-mail: [email protected] Received: July 10, 2020. Revised: July 24, 2020. Accepted: Aug. 10, 2020. Published online: Oct. 16, 2020 ABSTRACT. Along with the awareness stages, namely 1) the extraction stage of to obtain quality plant products, the use of Jatropha curcas L. seeds and the breeding plant-based insecticides is increasingly of the Crocidolomia binotalis test larvae being used. One of the plants used as a and 2) the testing stage with seven plant-based insecticide is Jatropha curcas concentration levels of Jatropha curcas L. L. (Jarak pagar) because it contains toxic extract as a plant-based insecticide. ingredients to kill cabbage caterpillar ANOVA test showed that the treatments pests (Crocidolomia binotalis). This study of Jatropha curcas L. extract gave the aims to determine the effectiveness of death effect on larvae [F-count > F-table Jatropha curcas L. on the mortality of (116.8 > 2.37)]. Dead larvae change color Crocidolomia binotalis cabbage to black and their body shape will curve. caterpillars. The research method used The fastest larval death occurs 24 HAA, was a Completely Randomized Design with a concentration of 40,000 ppm, which (CRD) 7 × 3, consisting of seven is 50%. At lower concentrations treatment concentrations (0,000 ppm, (30,000 ppm), which can kill larvae up to 10,000 ppm, 20,000 ppm, 30,000 ppm, 50%, occurs 120 HAA. With 40,000 ppm, 50,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm), a concentration of 50,000 ppm, 90% of with three replications. Observations were larvae can be killed occurring 96 HAA. made at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 hours after application (HAA) of Jatropha. The research activities were carried out in two 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia 2 Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia 3 Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia 307 E.L. BAIDENG, J.J. PELEALU, B.H. ASSA, H.A.W. LENGKEY Keywords: plant-based insecticide; in rice plants. Nurwidayati et al. Jatropha curcas L., Crocidolomia binotalis, (2014) reported Jatropha curcas L. mortality; concentration. seed extract with a concentration of 32 ml/L and 64 ml/L of water within INTRODUCTION 24 hrs after application, can cause In the cultivation of cabbage 100% of snail deaths. Banjarnahor et al. (Brassica oleraceae L.) in the (2016) reported the use of Jatropha province North Sulawesi, Indonesia, curcas L. seed extract with a the use of chemical insecticides is still concentration of 15 g/L and 20 g/L widely used in the cultivation of food can cause 100% snail death on the crops, as well as excessive use due to third day. Jatropha curcas L. seeds the lack of information about the use contain phorbolester and curcin, of natural ingredients as insecticides which are very toxic in killing dead and the lack of public knowledge. cells (Wina et al., 2008); also, The low production of cabbage, contains alkaloids, saponins, one of which is due to the attack of cardenolins and bufadienols, Plutella xylostella and Crocidolomia flavonoids (Nurwidayati et al., 2014). binotalis, and on the other hand, the Alkaloids are the compounds most population continues to increase, commonly found and are found in causing consumer needs for nutritious leaves, stems, roots and seeds of food and safe against pesticide plants and has toxic activity. residues, also continues to increase (Sembel et al., 2014). In addition, MATERIALS AND METHODS with increasing consumer knowledge The research was carried out in the and awareness about consuming food Ecology and Biology Laboratory of the that is safe for health, thus, it is Faculty of Mathematics and Natural necessary to utilize natural ingredients Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, as insecticides so that the agricultural Indonesia, conducted in two stages, products produced do not contain namely the first stage of preparation for harmful chemical residues. extraction of Jatropha curcas L. seeds One of the plants that have and Crocidolomia binotalis test larvae, insecticide properties is the Jatropha and the second stage is the testing stage of curcas L. plant. This plant also has Jatropha curcas L. extract. This study used a Completely Randomized Design many benefits, for example as biodiesel (CRD), which consisted of seven feedstock, in addition to treating treatments (0,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, wounds and bruises. Jatropha curcas 20,000 ppm, 30,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, L. is also useful as larvicide in 50,000 ppm, 60,000 ppm) of Jatropha controlling Aedes aegypti LC 50 curcas L. extract concentration, with three 1507 ppm mosquitoes at 24 hrs replications. Observations were made at (Iswantini et al., 2011). Within the 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 HAA. Each scope of agriculture it is also used as a treatment used ten Crocidolomia binotalis molluscicide in controlling snail pests larvae. 308 EFFICACY OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. SEED EXTRACT ON MORTALITY OF CABBAGE CROP LARVAE Preparation of Jatropha curcas L. extraction Propagation of Jatropha curcas L. fruit is separated Crocidolomia binotalis larvae from the skin of the fruit to obtain the Crocidolomia binotalis insects were seeds, then the seeds are crushed and obtained from the cabbage farmland of mashed using a disk mill and sifted using Rurukan - Tomohon village, North a sieve + 0.5 mm in diameter to obtain a Sulawesi Province, and each larvae was powder that is ready for extraction. kept in the laboratory in a separate plastic Extraction was carried out by immersion box that was given a stencil of paper base, in methanol at a ratio of 1:10 (w/v) in an until it became a pupa. During Erlenmeyer flask and shaken with a maintenance, larvae are given cabbage magnetic stirrer for + 24 hrs and counter- leaves as feed. The pupa is then taken current distribution partitions (Dadang from a plastic box, and then put into a and Nugroho, 1999), the submersion maintenance jar, until it becomes an results are filtered in stages using two imago, then transferred to a container in Buchner funnels, the upper funnel using which eight pots of cabbage plants have coarse filter paper, and for the lower been placed, so the imago can lay its eggs funnel using Whatman # 41 fine filter for one day. As feed, imago is given a paper. Then, the extract is collected in 30% honey solution that is applied to a another Erlenmeyer flask. The filter plastic sheet hung in the container. After results are rinsed repeatedly until the filter Crocidolomia binotalis eggs hatch into results become clear. After weighing, the larvae, the larvae are ready to be used for filtered liquid is put into a vaporizer flask, testing. The third larval instar used, then the methanol is evaporated with a because in this stage, the instar has the rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45- active larvae damage. These larvae are 500C, a rotational speed of 50-60 rpm, then transferred into a Petri dish and and a pressure of 150-200 mmHg. fasted for 12 hrs, then immediately Containers containing extracts are applied as a plant-based insecticide. weighed again, after evaporation is complete, to obtain the extract weight, i.e. Mortality testing and monitoring the difference between the weighing Testing of Jatropha curcas L. before and after extraction. extract used seven treatment doses, The crude extract of the methanol namely 0,000 ppm, 10,000 ppm, 20,000 fraction obtained from evaporation is ppm, 30,000 ppm, 40,000 ppm, 50,000 partitioned in a hexane-methanol system ppm, 60,000 ppm, with three replications. (95%) in a ratio of 1:10:10 (w/v/v) in a The prepared feed is dipped in the separating flask for + 6 hrs, then the insecticide test solution for a few hexane phase is removed, after washing moments and dried for 15 min. The feed with methanol 95%. Then the 95% is then put into a test bottle containing methanol phase is evaporated with a 10 larval Crocidolomia binotalis. At this rotary evaporator, then repartitioned in the stage, Crocidolomia binotalis mortality ethyl acetate-water system as described was observed and a mortality count was above. Then the water phase is discharged calculated at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 HAA. and the ethyl acetate phase obtained is The data obtained were then analyzed by stored in the refrigerator (400C), and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and ready for use. followed by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD) at the 5% level. 309 E.L. BAIDENG, J.J. PELEALU, B.H. ASSA, H.A.W. LENGKEY RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Based on LSD test data, the mortality rate of Crocidolomia Observation data on the number binotalis larvae in the treatments P0, of death of Crocidolomia binotalis P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 obtained larvae after the treatment of Jatropha results that between treatments P0-P1, curcas L. seed extract are shown in P2-P3, P3-P4, P4-P5 and P5-P6 have Table 1. values greater than LSD values In Table 2, there is an average (0.1052), which means that they are percentage of Crocidolomia binotalis significantly different at the 0.05 test larval death after treatment. level, but between P1-P2 has a value Giving Jatropha curcas L. seed that is smaller than the LSD value that extract on several concentrates gives is only 0.0917, which means that it is the effect of death on larvae.
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