La Multiplication Des Services De Vidéo À La Demande Par Abonnement Stratégies De Développement Et Impact Sur Les Usages

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La Multiplication Des Services De Vidéo À La Demande Par Abonnement Stratégies De Développement Et Impact Sur Les Usages LA MULTIPLICATION DES SERVICES DE VIDÉO À LA DEMANDE PAR ABONNEMENT STRATÉGIES DE DÉVELOPPEMENT ET IMPACT SUR LES USAGES Étude conjointe menée par l’Hadopi et le CSA 09 mars 2021 LA MULTIPLICATION DES SERVICES DE VADA Sommaire Introduction ........................................................................................................... 4 Synthèse ................................................................................................................ 6 I. La forte progression de l’offre de services de VàDA en France et dans le monde ....... ……………………………………………………………………………………11 1.1 Le marché français de la VàDA ..........................................................................11 1.1.1 Une offre qui continue de s’étoffer ........................................................................ 11 1.1.2 Une évolution exponentielle du chiffre d’affaires .................................................. 15 1.2 Un marché mondial porté par Netflix ? ..............................................................18 1.2.1 Le déploiement international de Netflix depuis son lancement en 2007 ............... 18 1.2.2 Le développement de la VàDA et la part de marché de Netflix en Europe : comparaisons par pays ............................................................................................ 21 1.3 La réaction des groupes audiovisuels historiques face à l’essor de Netflix ........... 28 1.3.1 Les groupes audiovisuels américains ...................................................................... 28 1.3.2 Les groupes audiovisuels français et européens ..................................................... 32 II. Les stratégies des acteurs face à l’intensification de la concurrence ................ 39 2.1 Le déploiement international pour les acteurs globaux ....................................... 39 2.1.1 Les modèles économiques des nouveaux services internationaux : Apple TV+, Disney+ et HBO Max ................................................................................................ 39 2.1.2 La nécessaire adaptation aux spécificités locales ................................................... 43 2.1.3 Un déploiement international plus compliqué pour les services autres qu’américains .......................................................................................................... 47 2.2 La différenciation par le positionnement éditorial et les contenus ...................... 49 2.2.1 Des services généralistes à la recherche de contenus exclusifs ............................. 49 2.2.2 Des services thématiques qui se positionnent comme des offres de complément ....................................................................................................... 53 2.3 L’importance de la qualité de service pour garantir une expérience utilisateur optimale ...........................................................................................................56 2.3.1 La disponibilité des services de VàDA ..................................................................... 56 2.3.2 Les investissements destinés à garantir une qualité de service ............................. 60 2.3.3 Les fonctionnalités mises à la disposition de l’abonné ........................................... 62 2.3.4 Des utilisateurs globalement satisfaits par les services de VàDA ........................... 63 2.4 Intensification de la concurrence : enseignements à tirer du marché américain .. 67 2.4.1 L’agrégation des offres : une réponse à l’hyperchoix ? .......................................... 67 2.4.2 Une restructuration autour des studios ? ............................................................... 70 2.4.3 Le retour de modèles alternatifs à l’abonnement payant ? ................................... 71 III. Les pratiques des consommateurs face à la démultiplication de l’offre ........... 74 3.1 La VàDA, une part croissante de la consommation audiovisuelle ........................ 74 2 LA MULTIPLICATION DES SERVICES DE VADA 3.1.1 La progression des usages de VàDA ........................................................................ 74 3.1.2 Un budget mensuel moyen de 15,20 euros par abonné VàDA ............................... 79 3.1.3 Des usages illicites importants malgré une tendance à la baisse avant le premier confinement ................................................................................ 80 3.1.4 Une segmentation des consommateurs audiovisuels en sept profils .................... 82 3.2 Effets de l’évolution de l’offre sur le nombre d’abonnés, les dépenses des internautes et les usages illicites ........................................................................86 3.2.1 Des abonnés à des offres de cinéma et de séries peu sensibles aux variations des conditions du marché ................................................................ 86 3.2.2 Un taux d’abonnés à des offres de sport fluctuant en fonction du nombre d’offres sur le marché .......................................................................... 90 3.2.3 Un effet limité de la multiplication des offres sur les pratiques illicites, celles-ci ne répondant que partiellement aux attentes .......................................... 94 3.3 Abonnements temporaires et partage de comptes, des modes de contournement de la multiplication des offres ..............................................96 Conclusion.......................................................................................................... 100 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................ 102 Annexe 1 : Préambule sur le cadre juridique .............................................................. 103 Annexe 2 : Liste des sociétés et des personnes auditionnées ...................................... 108 Annexe 3 : Méthodologie détaillée de la phase d’étude ............................................. 110 Annexe 4 : Investissements de Netflix, Amazon, Apple TV+, WarnerMedia et Disney dans les programmes de VàDA .......................................................... 114 Annexe 5 : Description des services thématiques disponibles en France (non exhaustif) ................................................................................................ 116 Annexe 6 : Stratégie en termes de VàDA des 8 plus gros studios au box-office américain en 2019 ........................................................................................... 118 Annexe 7 : Poids des investissements publicitaires des services de VàDA en France .... 119 Annexe 8 : Liste des figures ....................................................................................... 123 3 LA MULTIPLICATION DES SERVICES DE VADA Introduction En seulement quelques années, la vidéo à la demande par abonnement (VàDA) s’est imposée comme un mode d’accès privilégié aux contenus audiovisuels, notamment auprès des jeunes. Au printemps 2020, près d’un internaute français sur deux avait accès à un service de VàDA au sein de son foyer (46 %), et un peu moins d’un quart (21 %) à une offre de télévision payante. En 2018, l’étude sur la VàDA publiée par le CSA et le CNC faisait état d’un marché en plein développement, tiré par le déploiement international de Netflix et, dans une moindre mesure, de Prime Video. Depuis, la progression des usages se poursuit sous l’effet de l’apparition de nouvelles offres (Disney+, Apple TV+), et le marché se structure autour de quelques acteurs internationaux ayant renforcé leurs investissements dans la production locale, poussant les acteurs historiques à revoir leurs stratégies (lancement de Salto, modèle d’agrégation du groupe Canal Plus, partenariats ponctuels avec certains de ces acteurs mondiaux). Pour leur troisième collaboration, le CSA et l’Hadopi, en association avec l’Arcep, l’Autorité de la concurrence et le CNC, ont ainsi choisi de s’intéresser aux effets de la multiplication des offres de VàDA, et plus généralement des offres audiovisuelles payantes, sur les stratégies des acteurs et le comportement des consommateurs. Ceux-ci soulèvent en effet des enjeux économiques, culturels et sociétaux au cœur des préoccupations des deux institutions : le maintien d’un certain équilibre économique entre services de VàDA et acteurs historiques de l’audiovisuel, la valorisation de la production locale, la promotion de la diversité de l’offre et le développement de l’offre légale et d’usages respectueux du droit d’auteur. Cette étude s’inscrit également dans le cadre de la réforme de la directive SMA1, en cours de transposition, qui prend acte des évolutions intervenues sur ce marché et renforce les obligations portant sur les services de VàDA (annexe 1 sur le cadre juridique). La future Arcom, dont le CSA et l’Hadopi appellent toujours la création, sera garante de leur bon respect. Contenu de l’étude Cette étude dresse d’abord un état des lieux actualisé du marché de la VàDA en France (nombre et typologie des acteurs, parts de marché, chiffre d’affaires) au regard de la situation observée sur d’autres marchés européens ou aux États-Unis. Sont ensuite mises en lumière les réponses des groupes audiovisuels historiques, initialement positionnés sur des offres linéaires ou sur la production de contenus, sur ce marché de la VàDA en plein développement. La deuxième partie de cette étude est consacrée à l’analyse de la stratégie des acteurs de VàDA face au renforcement de la concurrence, appelant ces éditeurs à se différencier éditorialement, se déployer sur de nouveaux marchés et proposer une expérience utilisateur
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