1. 2. 4. 7. From the origins c. 3150 B.C.: The earliest c. 3000 B.C.: Cuneiform, a c. 2400 B.C.: False-door stele c. 1570-1349 B.C.: of writing written documents are very early writing system, inscribed with hieroglyphic Polychromed wood sculpture to Gutenberg's impressed clay tablets from consisting of wedge-shaped writing, from Old Kingdom from New Kingdom Egypt, invention of Sumer. The signs represent marks on clay tablets, was Egypt. with hieroglyphic inscriptions. movable type: clay tokens, which were used invented by the Sumerians. 5. 8. 3150 B.C.-A.D. 1450 for record keeping before the c. 2100 B.C.: Cuneiform tablet c. 1450 B.C.: Detail, The Book invention of writing. 2500 B.C.: Egyptians begin to listing expenditures of grain ofthe Dead of Tuthmosis III, make papyrus, a new writing and animals. hieroglyphic writing on Note: Picture credits and material derived from the 6. papyrus. further descriptive stems ofthe papyrus plant. c. 1800-1400 B.C.: information for timeline 3. Stonehenge, a megalithic illustrations start on c. 2600 B.C.: Completion of monument of thirty-foot page 302. the pyramids at Giza, Egypt. tall stones set into circular patterns.
c. 3150 B.C.
3.
2.
4. 6.
7. 2 9. 10. 13. 14. c. 1500 B.C.: The twenty-two 389 B.C.: Inscription in the 414-413 B.C.: Fragment of a c. 50 B C.-A.D. 500: Roman 150: The Roman codex, with characters of the Phoenician Phoenician alphabet on a frag Greek record of sale, carved square capitals (capita/is folded pages, begins to be alphabet. ment of a marble bowl. on stone. quadrata) were carefully writ used alongside the rolled 11. ten with a flat pen. scroll. c. 800 B.C.: Homer writes the Fourth century B.C.: Greek c. 160 B.C.: Parchment, a new 16. Iliad and Odyssey. manuscript writing. writing material made from c. A.D. 33: Crucifixion of Christ. c. 100-600: Roman rustic 12. animal skins, is developed in 15. writing (capitalis rustica) 540 B.C.: The first public 448-432 B.C.: The Parthenon, the Greek state of Pergamum. c. 79: Brush writing from a conserved space by using library is established in temple of the goddess wall at Pompeii, preserved by more condensed letters Athens, Greece. Athena, on the Acropolis in 44 B.C.: Julius Caesar is the volcanic eruption of written with a flat pen held in Athens, Greece. murdered. Vesuvius. an almost vertical position.
105: Ts'ai Lun invents paper in China.
c. 1500 B.C.
9. "~~J r'All~NAr(f' ·r ,.., , AffN E-t'- f'I ,.., (J ~f1'( IMrt",O(4.cA
11.
13.
• MARTISQ:DOLO 12. 14.
15. CON~!~'~Ntr~lX sLN M~Nl f)\l S\l! STAl "\J11"OAS1~MMACNa
16.
3 17. 19. 22. 118-25: The Pantheon, Rome. 312-315: Arch of Constantine, c. 400-1400: During the 476: Emperor Romulus Third-ninth centuries: Half 18. Rome. Carved into marble, thousand-year medieval era, Augustulus, last ruler of the uncials, a lettering style of the Undated: The fluid gestural monumental Roman capitals knowledge and learning are western Roman Empire. is Christian Church, introduces quality, harmonious survived the thousand-year kept alive in the Christian deposed by the Ostrogoths. pronounced ascenders and proportions, and beautiful Dark Ages. monastery, where manuscript 20. descenders. forms of Roman writing are books are lettered in the 533-49: Church of San!' 23. effectively translated into the 325: Emperor Constantine scriptoria. Apollinare in Classe, Ravenna. Sixth-ninth centuries: Insular permanent stone carving of adopts Christianity as the state 21. majuscules, a formal style monumental capitals (capita/is religion of the Roman Empire. 452: Attila the Hun invades Third-sixth centuries: Uncials with exaggerated serifs, was monumentalis). and ravages northern Italy. are rounded, freely drawn developed by Irish monks majuscule letters, first used by from the half-uncials. the Greeks as early as the third century B.C.
A.D. 118
Olu~~"bquequ~O""lU I SCOr-lSCI (YlIT~TJS1'lOSTJt~eTRepJ()~T'O OluRCUme""Flbeu:,eSTU'NCIT 21. IUO~
4 27. 29. 31. 732: The Battle of Tours ends 868: The earliest extant printed Eighth-twelfth centuries: Eleventh-twelfth centuries: Thirteenth-fifteenth centuries: the Muslim advance into manuscript, the Diamond Caroline minuscules became Early Gothic lettering, a Gothic Textura Quadrata, or Europe. Surra, is printed in China. the standard throughout transitional style between Textura, the late Gothic style 25. Europe after Charlemagne Caroline minuscules and with rigorous verticality and 800: Charlemagne is crowned Tenth century: High Cross at issued his reform decree of Textura, has an increased compressed forms. emperor of the Holy Roman Kells, Meath County, Ireland. 796, calling for a uniform vertical emphasis. Empire by Pope Leo III. 26. writing style. 30. 1347-1351: First wave of the 24. c. Eleventh century: Round Twelfth century: Bronze and Black Death, a plague that c. 800: Portrait of Christ from tower on the Rock of Cashel, 1034: Pi Sheng invents copper crucifix from northern decimates the European The Book of Kells, a Celtic Tipperary County, Ireland, a movable type in China. Italy. population. manuscript. lookout and refuge against 32. Viking invaders. 1096-1099: The First Crusade. 1215: The Magna Carta grants Thirteenth century: Byzantine 28. constitutional liberties in School, Madonna and Child 1163-1250: Construction of England. on a Curved Throne. Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris.
A.D. 732 no1lro qtttfrtttUttm!lnluum tr agno. fr 0tt1tl$tlttgIi tbllllnrf ttttttmtmront lttatmtnnatu2tt ttttltUrltttm dtcttm9.amm,&t 24. dtmo1chlnmslfttptntna1gUt ntm aatO.lUn011UtnU91fomm lU ttonfo tn!ttttfcIOlttm.amR=1 ~ qUt~(Urerr
25. early gothic
29.
28. 32.
5 33. 39. Thirteenth-fifteenth centuries: 1431: Jeanne d'Arc is burned c. 1450: Johann Gutenberg Woodblock print of the hand Rotunda, a more rounded at the stake. invents movable type in printing press, with Gothic leller, flourished in 36. Mainz, Germany. compositors selling type from southern Europe. Fifteenth century: First page 38. a typecase in the background. 34. of a block-book, Apocalypse. c. 1450-55: Page from 40. Fourteenth century: Lippo Woodblock printing probably Gutenberg's 42-line Bible, the The cathedral in the medieval Memmi, Saint John the appeared in Europe before first European typographic city of Mainz, Germany. Baptist. 1400. book. 35. 37. 1420-36: Filippo Brunelleschi, 1440-45: Fra Filippo Lippi, dome of Florence Cathedral. Madonna and Child.
c.12oo
34.
37.
38. ltotunba 33.
40.
36.
6 42. 45. 47. Typography from 1450-1500: Books printed in 1467: Sweynheym and c. 1485: Filippino Lippi, Portrait c. 1494: Scholar and printer Gutenberg to the the first half-<:entury of Pannartz, the first Roman-style ofa Youth. Aldus Manutius established nineteenth century: typographic printing are called type, influenced by Roman 46. the Aldine Press in Venice to A.D. 145~1800 Incunabula. inscriptional capitals and 1486: Erhard Ratdolt, the publish works by the great manuscripts written in earliest known specimen sheet Greek and Roman thinkers. The humanist philosophy 41. Caroline minuscules. of printing types. 48. that flowered during the 1465: Sweynheym and 43. 1495: Francesco Griffo (punch Renaissance embraced the Pannartz, the first type 1470: Nicolas Jenson, early 1492: Christopher Columbus cutter for Aldus Manutius), study of classical literature, a designed in Italy. It had some Venetian roman typeface. lands in America. roman type first used in De belief in human dignity and Roman features. 44. aetna by Pietro Bembo. worth, a spirit of individual 1475: William Caxton, ism, and a shift from religious typography from the first book to secular concerns. printed in the English language.
1450 bat dlt ihd"US:~quom pmu aufes UOWlrtt mOlfcs figura prcnams fufTle tii md'um UOWlri: ur dwc milinf dda1us rfi'" aducrfus amaltcb qui oppug. nabantfilios ifaabd:u adurrfartU ddxUarer ~ nois figumm:" popU{U in 41. em fenfum femlcafquencur. canq lUI ad cogttc1ndum rbeda 3l quadngtfopufeec.Democnwrquarl In puceo quoc1am fic alto uc funduffic nulIuf: uerlcacem Mcere demerfam mmIrum n-ulce 42. ab omnlpotcnti deo miiTus deus uerbum quafi lucisifi cun&s annuciat.Non hincaut altundc:fed undiqJ cun ad deum uerum:grxcos fimul et barbaros omnein [exu 43. - 1ft tgeforme ofPfl-ouSfoU9 1bOJ.[bz/ Att:'b of d}c JiOtttJ &rng attbz lYfBttrng atJ Uldf ~ tf}~ t'Op C"g(O..~ anbz fmutt~ a9 ",aft' ot{}cr pOtQ!6 "tJ 44.
II C1II'!ria graplcna bomill1l9 tcellbcllC biet'! til tllllllllkrtbq ctbtne:bienJ9 fruct" IIclltris nIt: il)efils 45. CI)tiftu9 amen. tslolin laubie refonrtin Ole omniUl!>atri£lCniroq;plOli fpiritui faneto pariter-nelill -:t:::'==-- tet (anbe perf?rnni l.>lbOl~ bnebci "enbuntnobie om, ==--=EA:~"i"\OJruhooprmofoor~,,1Ol xnaJ Illgt;n;lImlJ..-d~mf..cr,u,...cior.... aul'll+ nia bona.lal1f:Qon 01:"irlnl M'r;lnlU,""lIl~glS'J'1OI ~"Wlffil ~nti.l "domir: 9,um'l"' 7 49. 51. 53. 55. 1501: Francesco Griffo, the Woodblock initial by Geoffroy 1517: Martin Luther posts his 1525: Albrecht Durer, 1519-47: Pierre Nepveu, first italic typeface, based on Tory, who returned to France ninety-five theses on the door construction of the leller B. Chateau of Chambord, France. chancery script handwriting. from study in Italy in 1505, of Willenberg Palace Church, 54. 56. SO. inspired by roman lellerforms launching the Reformation. 1529: Geoffroy Tory, c. 1480-1561: Claude Home of Albrecht Durer, and Renaissance design 52. construction of the leller B. Garamond, outstanding Nuremberg, Germany. ideals. 1523: Lodovico Arrighi, an designer of Old Style Italian writing master, typefaces during the French introduces his formal Renaissance. chancery italic type. 1501 P.O,N·INPRIMVM GEORGICOltVM. ARGVMEN.TVM· Q!!iJficidt t£Ur {e~itS,qlltf fyJerd.{eruel' A gricold,utpcilemtf'/Ydnz profindttt ardtr;,. S elmll4ql'oidcienc!d moc!o,OtlfUs'p locoYlffl'l E dOCUit.meffis mttgno oUm [rew.Jreredcli. Jl.V·M·GEORC IC ORV.M LIB£R ~Jtr MVS AD MOECENA,T'EM... Vidficiat l£htS{elf!iel,tJ.UO{yam ierrdrn. '1 v erlere MremuH~Urrmsi!,dliun ~rfu;tes. C onueniat,'1u£ (Jm~ Loum.quis Qtltus httbend" S itpecori,dtq,; dpibus '1ltdnlzt fx!'erientid pdrcis, H incatneremcipianz. vosoclarifTimamuncli LUnUtla,labeniern crelo qu£ duritis ttnnmn L iber,etalma Ceres.ueJlro fimunere tellus C haoni'dm ping;ti glttndemmuhtuit etrif/rt. P "culeta;\ ]; in/unfls Acheloidmt'CllitI J" uuis, E t uos agreflum pr£jentidnunUtMFalini. F erie fim"l,FdU1U~j; 'pcdenz,Dryttdesq; pue[[£• .M unera Ill'Jlrd atn 55. 49. Defe uarie!otti Ie Gttere.1'0i.cHein gueflo Tratta.. terro troueraiJe io ti uordJi a/unaJer una /1criuere 52. 56. 8 57. 59. 63. c. 1540: Titian, Portrait of 1546: Jacques Kerver, 1582: Pope Gregory XIII 1603: Shakespeare writes 1621: Jean Jannon, typefaces Cardinal Pietro Bembo. typography, illustration, and initiates the Gregorian Hamlet. upon which twentieth-<:entury decorative initials, which were Calendar, which is still in use. 62. Garamonds are based. 1543: Copernicus publishes combined into a rare elegance 1607: Carlo Maderna, fayade 64. his theory of the heliocentric during the French 1584: Sir Walter Raleigh of St. Peter's, the Vatican. 1628: The Vatican Press, solar system. Renaissance. discovers and annexes specimen of roman capitals. 58. 60. Virginia. 1609: Regular weekly 1544: Simone de Colines, title After 1577: El Greco, Saint 61. newspapers appear in page with woodcut border. Martin and the Beggar. 1595: Johann Theodor de Bry, Strasbourg, Germany. illustrative initial E. c. 1540 FRANCISCVS 64. LIVRE PREMIER DE Po/ipbilc ruo"'ptt' (Onlm( illKJfut aduir rn ftmgr qu''/ Jormoir, (f or dormdlttfttrolluoit tnltnC'ltdl/C'c[mIlCt/II11C' grandcloflJlT'C' fn for medt pyrantirk!urltltjudfc ('flolr dJfH un olu:bfiluc de m~uC'jll('uft IXJuluIl'fJ(j'/tiTrgdrcLrJOngnruft1llcnr,C1pdTgrmJe admiration. "'~Ff;i@~~~ A fcecIl: efpouenrable ai3.nt cfie par moy pJlICe, II 6( 2pres 2uoirddaiffecel1:e premiere rcglOn par 1\1W:.;..:4~~1 Ie doulx fommcil qui m'auoit lars e(pri~. ie Ine uouuay tout de nouueau en vn lieu beaucoup 11~~r:;)::;;.l..I~ I plus delefublc que ie premier J car il dtoit borde .,.;. & cnuironnc de plaifam cot3ulx vcrdoians, &. ~Jt.~~~ pcuplczdcdiued<.'s manicrcs d'arbrcs,comme ~ chernes, [aux,planes, onnes,[rairnes, c1urmes, ['l~'=:I:::siiiEZ:::&.~ tilleulz,& autres,plamez fdon l'a(petldu lieu.Be 1.:1 abas atrauen la plaine, y auoit de pctitz buyC foosd'arbriffeaux Cauhuiges, come gendh,geneuriers, bruyercs, & t.1m.t rins,chargezde Beurs.parrny Ies prez croi'fOieut les herbes medicinalcs,a Ccauoic les trois con(ol,des, enule,ehcurefeuil,branque vc(ine,liuefc!JC",pcr Iii de macedoine, piuoyne,guymaulIcs, planrain,beroyne,& aliIres limples de rOutes Corres & efpeces, plulieurs derquelles m'efloiem incogneues. Vn peu plw auanrque Ie mylieu de eefie pl:unc,y auoic-vne fablonnicrc meOce depetitts mattes verdes, & pleiQe d'herhe menuette, & vn petit boys de pa,lmiers,eCquelzles Egyptiescueillc.ntpain,vio, huille, vefiemcnt, & me( ram POUI bafiir.leurs fueilles fcmhloJent lames d'elpees, & efioict chargees de (ruitt.il y enauoitde grandes, moicnnes,& petites,& leur omles anclem donncce 62. 59. La crainte de l'Eternel ell Ie chefde fcience: mais les 60. fols mefprifent fapiece & 63. 9 65. 68. 71. 1632-43: The Taj Maha!. India. 1657: First fountain pen is c. 1670: Christoffel van Dyck, During the eighteenth century, 1709: Matthaus Poppelmann, 66. manufactured, in Paris. Dutch Old Style type. type design went through a Zwinger Palace, Dresden. c. 1630: Sir Anthony van Dyck, 67. gradual transition from Old portrait of Henri /I de Lorraine. c. 1664: Jan Vermeer, Woman 1666: Sir Isaac Newton sets Style to Modern Style fonts 1709: England adopts the first Holding a Balance. forth his law of gravity. designed late in the century. modern copyright law. 1639: The first printing press 69. 72. in the British Colonies is 1666: The great fire of London. 1675-1710: Sir Christopher 1700: The emergence of the 1720: William Caslon, Caslon established in Massachusetts. Wren, SI. Paul's Cathedral, Rococo Style. Old Style types, which from 1667: Milton publishes London. 70. this date were used Paradise Lost. 1702: Philippe Grandjean throughout the British Empire. (punch cutter), Romain du Rol, the first transitional face. 1632 Ad me profeClam elfe aiebant. D. quid Qi!re[o, igitur commorabare, ubi id ABCDEFGHIKLMN 68. OPQRSTUVWXYZJ ~oufque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nofira? qu ~oufiJue tandem abutere, Ca 65. ti/ina, patientia nrflra? quam ~CJ~I?,f'u~!2,F~tla(>~9JR/a.{'~~'?2~fJ©,@,f;;:0f~ 'fOc,.~)~~.t~!!J/.Si.~ @!@J@JW~~~W@l~!:4!J\1f!J@J ~~~f~@H,~~~)~(;t'l)~~~ W!' ,0. W!' ,0. WI ,I[;?). W!' c0~ wr .~. WI .f.'>. 'iW 1M ~'-M~ JM ~ ~ ~~~ 1M ~!M m~~~~~~~~rom~~ID $ This new Foundery was begun in the Year 1720, $: • and 6njfh'd 176]; and will (with God's leave) be • ~ carried on, improved, and inlargcd, by WILLIAM ! ~ CASLON and Son, Letter-Founders in LONDON. ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ID 66. 69. 72. sa doctrine et de ses lois. Apres, if nous fait voir tous les hommes renfermes en un seuf homme', et sa femme meme tirt~e de lui; fa concorde des mariages et la 70. 67. 71. 10 73. 76. 79. 81. 1722: Castletown, near Dublin, 1750s: John Baskerville 1773: Johann David 1784: Fran~ois Ambroise guarantees freedoms of Ireland. creates extraordinary Steingruber, letter A from Didot, the first true Modern religion, speech, and the transitional typefaces. Architectonishes Alphabet. Style typeface. press. 1738: First spinning machines 77. 80. are patented in England. 1765: Thomas Cottrell 1774: John Holt, broadside 1789: The fall of the Bastille 1793: French King Louis XVI 74. introduces display types two of the American revolutionary launches the French and Marie Antoinette are sent 1744: Benjamin Franklin, title inches tall (shown actual size). era, using Caslon type. Revolution. to the guillotine. page using Caslon type. 78. 82. 75. 1768: Pierre Simon Fournier 1775: James Watt constructs 1791: Giambattista Bodoni, 1796: Aloys Senefelder invents 1750: Fran~ois Boucher, The Ie Jeune, ornamented types. the first efficient steam engine. Modern Style typefaces of lithography. Love Letter. geometric construction, with 1776: American Declaration of hairline serifs. 1799: Nicolas-Louis Robert Independence is signed. invents the papermaking 1791: American Bill of Rights machine. LA D IVI NA COMMEDIA D J 75. 73. DANTE ALIGHIERJ CON lLLUSTRAZIONI M. T. CICERO's CATO JJ1AYOR, TOM 0 I. OR HIS DISCOURSE o F 76. OLD-AGE: PIS A VALLA TIPOGRAFIA With Explanatory NOTES, DELLA SOCIETA LETTERAIUA MDcccrv. 82. ·m"'''W",~. ji~lj~!~ To the PURtICK. HISTOIRE itr.lI.'O.l,o._.... '.... DE LOUIS DE BOURBON, PHILADELPHIA: SECOND DU NOM, :PRINCE. Printed and Sold by B. FRANKLIN, DE CONDE, PREMIER PRINCE DU SANG, MDCCXLIV, Sumcmmi L~ GAAfilD. LJYRE PREMIER.'" 80. 1611-16.4]. LOU15~RIO"",~ {etond du nom. n~quit i Paris 1611. 74. ~~? ~T~;~:: ~~~l ~~~r~~~ l~~t nppclJoil 11. mimoire du vam· 78. 79. lumes in-4° sur papier-velin de la fabrique de mes- sieurs Matthieu Johannot pere et fils, d'Annonai, c premiers fabricants de cette sorte de papiers en 17. 81. 11 85. 87. The nineteenth The Industrial Revolution had 1804: Napoleon Bonaparte 1815: Vincent Figgins shows 1816: William Caslon IV century and the a dramatic impact upon crowned Emperor of France. the first Egyptian (slab-serif) introduces the first sans serif Industrial Revolution: typography and the graphic typefaces. type. A.D. 1800-1899 arts. New technology radically 1808: Beethoven composes 86. 88. altered printing. and designers his Fifth Symphony. 1815: Vincent Figgins shows 1818: Page from Manuafe responded with an outpouring 84. the earliest shaded type. Tipographico, which presented of new forms and images. 1812: Jacques-Louis David, the lifework of Giambattista Napoleon in His Study (detail). Bodoni. 83. 89. c. 1803: Robert Thorne 1814: Friedrich Koenig invents 1821: Robert Thorne, Tuscan designs the first Fat Face. the steam-powered printing styles with splayed serifs. press. 1800 ABCDEFGHIJK 85. 86. LETTERFOUNDER 87. Manchester 89. Quousque tandem abutere, Cati tina, patientia nostra? quamdiu eli:lJTI furor iSle LUUs nos eludet? quem ad finem sese e/frenata ja nabil audacia? nihilne te noctur num pr ~ CHERASCO ~ 84. 83. 88. 12 90. 91. 92. 94. 96. 1822: Thomas Jefferson, c. 1826: Bower, Bacon and 1827: Darius Wells invents the 1836: Davy and Berry, poster 1837: Handbill set in Fat Face. Rotunda of the University of Bower, early reversed type mechanical router, making the printed with wood type. Virginia in the neoclassical entitled White. manufacture of large display 1837: Victoria crowned queen style based on Greek and wood types possible. 1830~s: Wood-type posters of England. Roman architecture. 1826: Joseph Niepce takes the 93. and broadsides flourished in first photograph from nature. 1833: Vincent Figgins America and Europe. 1822: Joseph Niepce produces introduces outline types. 95. the first photographic printing 1836: Vincent Figgins, plate. perspective type. 1822 THEATRE-ROYAL, NORWICH. FOR THE BENEFlT OF B •••• !\1I1~2I1BI\~"'e..~, ====W~:Il"'_"_=- OnTB1JRSDA.V, 12thBay, 1836, Will be perfonncd the POPULAR PLAY, of Tbe fJ!STLI 92. 95. SPECTRE.Eon} Osmolllt. ...Mr. MADDOCKS ll,,~jn'd,1 ~Ir. HA~1ERTO~ I Kenric ....:\lr. G. SMITH 90. Earl l'tTn', ,tr. ~ICIJOLS Saib.•. , .. Mr. HARRISON Fatller PII'ili" .. Mr. t~IUY Muley .\1r. DRYAN ,'I"'tler ~lr.lilLL Hassan Mr. NANTZ. AnC',·h, ... ~IN. G. SMITH .\Ii""... .~f~. W.\TKt:\~O:S I En:lina ...•MiN HONEY. ""'rh'ng Mf!n, dUf!n'wnl1 AeONleSONe 9<'.'-«- /fii:c. m\l [}J] [Fag [}J]~[Fa'[JO[illc - ...... ~- J .. 7u.-~~"'-r' -In..-",J..c.. :l.P, /f-Y Tv conduJI! with the NAUTICAL DHAMA, of The It is your Imperious duty to drop your HaIJl:mel's and Sledges! one and all, to your l)Ost repair, THIS AFTERNOON, at FIYE o'clock P. M. and attend tbe GREA.T ltlEETING OR,. , called by the papers of tbis morning, .to be beld at the CITY IlA.LL, then and tbere to c.-perate with such as have the GREAT GOOD OF A.LL THEIR FELLOJ" CITIZENS., ne.rl. STOBR AT SEA! Your IIbco'tyl yca, your LABOlJRll Is the sul\lect The Pilot, Mr. MADDOCKS of thc caUl who that values the scrvlces ofHEROES Uarn!tolM, ~Ir. G. SMlT~-;Ct~:C~~~~U~\I~.Ii~eA~;'Zegu1ar Yankee), Mr. GILL of the Be.,.,'ut-lon whosc blood achlcved our Inde Captnin ofthc Alacrit)" ?tfr. HAMEnTON-Colonel Howard Mr. GRAY pendencc as nNatlon, wtn for a moment doubt he LieUh.'Dant Griffith, Mr. TAYLOR-Scrjeatrl. Drill, Mr. NICHOLS. owes a few bours tbis afternoon to his wife and Sailor!l, Soldiers, &c. cbUdl'ent Kat..: Plowden, Mr~. PLUMER--Cccilia, Miss UOl\EY HANCOCK, Irish Woman, MN. WATKiNSON. DAVY s.. DEIIRY, PRI~TERS, ALDIOS OITtCE. 94. 1}-1@~~[!HJ@~© WQ)J~~airM~~~ rpl1,~y[~ ~!};J~~JVIJJA~~~ J~~}\J~!L~~ 96. ~JAir~IRI~~ 91. 93. 13 97. 99. c. 1840-52: Sir Charles Barry 1845: Robert Besley, the first 1851: Joseph Paxton designs 1854: The United States 1859: Charles Darwin and A. W. N. Pugin, Houses of Clarendon style. the Crystal Palace. makes its first treaty with publishes Origin ofSpecies by Parliament. inspiration for the 100. Japan. Means ofNatural Selection. Gothic Revival. 1848: The California gold rush 1853: Handbill combining 98. begins. Egyptian, outline, and 1856: Sir Henry Bessemer c. 1841: Wood and decorative types. develops process for Sharwoods, ornamental type. 101. converting iron to steel. 1854: Broadside using 102. During the 1840s, ornamented elongated Fat Face fonts. 1859: William H. Page and type becomes increasingly Company, Ornamented important. Clarendons. c.1840 rSES'T. MADISON~S LIBRARY, AT AIJ~TION./ AT 8ralr;e Court HOIs,,,,Vlrr;lIlla, on TueSliay tile lS7tk da)' or JUDe, prOL, being the day after_the County Court of Orange in that lUonth~ I shall sell at .public auc tion, to the highest bidder, that pl'rt of the Library of the late James JIadison, ~cll which, in a recent division of his books with the University of Virginia1 to the share of Illy testator; and at the same time I will sell other books, 't6~ property of ~y said te~tator:,. In all there are sOlDe > . ~EVEN VOLUME~, ODD~I'III1I1G'WiI[j B&IIII., OR EIGHT- HUNDRED On Wednesday, Feb. 16, 1863, among which are many very rare and desirable works, some in Greek, some in Latin, numerous others in French, and yet more in English, in almost all the de partments of Literature; not R few of them being in this manner exposed to sale only hecause the University possessed already copies of the same editions. The sale beginning on the day above mentioned, will he continued from day to day till WITS: THE all the books shall h_ave been sold, on the following terms: __. Cash wiD be required of each purchaser whose aggregate purchases shad a ©[g]~O®IJW mOWlt to no more than Five dollaN,; those whose purchases shall exceed that a moWlt, wiD have the privilege either to pay the cash or to give bond with approved security, bearing interest from the date, and payable six months thereafter. ELII!N8N IWW, Adalnlstrator, HIISTRBLS. with the wiD annexed ofJohn P. Todd, dec'd. May 110, 18G4. lIIlR. WARDEN 101. ItESPEC'lJ'ULLY announces a Series of his Popular Music...tl Entertainments at the nbove place. Dispensing with the use of burnt cj)l·k. and the vulgar burlesque of Ethiopian character, (which. m&ny suppose renBcr the music effective!) Mr. Warden will sing the Pntbctic nnd Humorous Songs of the Christy Minstrels in n· style unobjectionable and pleasing to all. ADJIU'l'tAlfal: I, .1.. __ • TW':IIJI'TY-FIV:II O:II=Jr'l':..=;S=,''-:c",-_;A')' ~ .. PO'I'URN OVBR. 98. ~C>J~'--~ .------~...:.: VI -- _:.--_. -_. ------100. ---~~------audacia tua? nihilne te noc III dium palatii, 'nihil urbis vigi I 99. 102. 14 103. 104. 105. 108. 1860: Charleston Mercury, c. 1865: Honore Daumier: The 1868: Currier and Ives, 1877: Thomas Edison invents c. 1885: Maverick & Wissinger, broadsheet announcing the Third-Class Carriage. American Homestead Winter. the phonograph. engraved business card. dissolution of the Union. 106. 109. 1866: The first successful c. 1875: J. Ottmann, 1879: Thomas Edison invents c. 1880s: Lettering printed by 1861-65: American Civil War. transatlantic cable is laid. chromolithographic card for the electric lightbulb. chromolithography. Mrs. Winslow's Soothing 107. 110. 1863: Abraham Lincoln signs 1867: Alfred Nobel invents Syrup. 1883: The Brooklyn Bridge is 1886: Ottmar Mergenthaler the Emancipation dynamite. opened to traffic. invents the Linotype, the first Proclamation. 1876: Alexander Graham Bell keyboard typesetting machine. 1867: Christopher Sholes invents the telephone. 1883: William Jenney designs constructs the first practical the first skyscraper, a ten-story typewriter. metal frame building in Chicago. 1861 tJDARLIJSnN 'MEReUR'Y EXTRA: 107. I~NNed lII"III/"'''''NI!I ,,1 I.I.~ 0',.1",.1.-, P ••'I., nece,,.ber ltOlll. ISfJet. I 105. .\ -'" OilUI_'.\.'"('.: ------:-:: 70 dh"If)/r,' 'It'> '-"iUff 1",'.('""" till' .\ltll,· ,t!' .\04mlh (',II',IIlJUI ,ut,I 01/11'" .'\l"I,-1t "'"."" ",UII /".,. HUfI,-,. II,,' rumptu" ""IUlni H "',,1' "'mlllil"liu,~ ''.1'1/". ('lil",1 """I"1t '~I .1""'I'in,," If•. II.. I', -, I. "f fA • •",,1, of:f.. "I} /,,..,J,II,'. ill r""l"~";'H .,..." ",U. d. ./,. """"f', tfH,{ "'l/m'I/, UHf' 11 ... ".(.I,d.,I,r"d'I/IoI.',f"",.• /. rh... ,I..· Or;lillluw.' [i,I"I't. d l.~ II. III ,'''UI lnih".\ "If'"'' ',I \tUo"il'.1 W11- r..llln'.1. :.u.1 al ..... all .\('1_ "lnl I.arl~ "I' .\,·l~ Olf lhll t!l'nc",l ,\~-{'m\\h "lIlli- :-Ilil,'. latil~in!: ;ltll"ll.III1"l1'- ,,f lilt' ~"ill "\lI1_,iluli"n, fir" hl'rchJ Tl'pclllcdj liu.II!I'lt ,h.· uuj"l1 h(.1l _"I ..i_lilll: 1"'lw'-o.:1l ,":,,(uh ,'ar"liuu 1111,1 ."lwr ;-:l:tl;'~l 1!U,I"r Ihullnmo of 1'111': 109. 106. NION :1& 110. B.MAVERICK. IssotlEDt J.G WISSINGER. 103. 108. 104. 15 111. 112. 115. 116. 1887: Advertisement for Estey 1889: Alexandre Gustave William Morris' typeface 1891-98: William Morris' Organs. Eiffel, the Eiffel Tower. designs: 1890, Golden; 1892, Kelmscott Press launches 113. Troy; 1893, Chaucer. a revival of printing and 1887: Tolbert Lanston invents c. 1890s: Coca-Cola syrup jug. typography. the monotype. 114. 117. 1892: Paul Gauguin, By the 1892: William Morris, page Sea. from News from Nowhere. 1887 This is the Golden type. 'Cbis is tbe 'Cro)' t)'pe. "Chis is the Chaucer ~pe. 115. 111. 116. Afloat CHAPTER XXIV. UP THE THAMES. agam THE SECOND DAY. HEYwere not slow to take my hint; & indeed, 112. as to the mere time of day, it was best for us to be off, as it was past seven o'clock, & the day eromised to bevery hot. So we got up and went down to our boat; Ellen thoughtfuland abstract ed; the old man very kind and courteous, as ifto makeupfor hiscrahbcdncssofopinion. Clarawas cheerful&natural,butalittle subdued,I thought; andsheatleast was not sorrytobe gone, andoften looked shyly and timidlyatEllenand herstrange wild beauty: So we got into ~he boat, Dick s~ying as he took h,s place, "Well, It IS a flne day! and the old man answering"What~ou like that, do you ?" oncemore; andpresently Dickwassending the bows swiftly through the slow weed_checked stream.I turnedroundas wegot intomicL-strcam. andwavingmyhandto ourhosts,saw Ellen lean_ ing on the: old man's shoulder, and caressing his healthy apple_red cheek, and quite a keen pang smoteme as I thoughthow I shouldneversec the beautiful girlagain. PresentlyI insistedon taking thescutls, andI rowed a good deal thatday;which no doubt accounts for thefact thatwe got very late 230 113. 117. 16 118. 119. 121. 122. 1893: Henri van de Velde, title 1897: Edmond Deman, title 1897: Will Bradley, title page 1899: Josef Hoffmann, page for Van Nu en Straks. page in the curvilinear Art in his "Chap Book" style, catalogue cover for a Vienna Nouveau style. reviving Caslon type and Secession exhibition. 1895: The Lumieire brothers 120. colonial woodcut techniques. 123. give the first motion-picture 1890s-194Os: Inspired by 1898-1902: Hector Guimard, presentation. Kelmscott, Americans 1898: Zeppelin invents his entrance to Paris Metro Frederick Goudy and Bruce airship. Station. Rogers bring renewed excellence to book and typeface design. 1893 FREDWGOUD)t~ DE..SIGNING ~ BOOK ","u CATALOGUE COVERS, BORDERS. INITIAL LETTERS. ADVERTISEMENTS. Ele. ~ •••" ." .... _'" •••• f. W. GOUDY, CHICAGO 120. 118. 122. A LADY OF QUALITY Being a most curious, hitherto unknown history, as related by Mr. Isaac Bickerstaff but not presented to the World of Fashion through the pages of The ratler, and now for the first time written down by Franees Hodgson Burnett NNII r.,.!: From the Publishing HO\lK of CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, ISJ-157 Fifth Avenue. MDCCCXCYII. 121. 123. 119. 17 124. 125. 129. Typography in the 1900: Peter Behrens, 1909: Filippo Marinelli founds 1914-18: World War I. 1917: John Heartfield, Dadaist twentieth century: dedication page from Feste Futurism, experimentation advertisement. 1900-2000. des Lebens und der Kunst. with typographic form and c. 1915: Kasimir Malevich, 130. syntax. Suprematist painting shown 1917: Vilmos Huszar, De Stijl The twentieth century was a 1903: The Wright brothers 126. at the 0.10 group exhibition magazine cover. period of incredible ferment succeed in the first powered c. 1910: German sans-serif launching Suprematism. and change. Unprecedented flight. "block style." 128. 1918: Czar Nicholas II and his advances in science and 127. c. 1916: Bert Thomas, British family are executed. technology, and revolutionary 1905: Einstein proposes his 1913: Wassily Kandinsky, war bonds poster. 131. developments in art and theory of relativity. Improvisation 31 (Sea Battle). 1919: Raoul Hausmann, Dada design have left their marks 1917-22: The Dada movement poem. on typography. protests the war and conventional art. 1900 _.1.'-,...... Soeben -,--~.... ,_.~ erschienen! SOeben erschienen! 124. 125. SOeben DEUKATESSEN HAUS ERICH FROMM KOLN -.sa.... - IPAA:1&JtO.AHo HAUPT·LlsrE 2 126. 127. .p,. ++ +i-1- OER MALIK-VERLAG, BERLIN-SOOENOE 129. i.!i! !:ITI.:IL: kp'erioUM Ip'erioum Nm' perii; .Ell,,·... 6,rEtiBOIT88 eRREbe: ONNOo gplanpouk konO"!pout ot:AU(OUi.. RREEee EEee rr ••;.t,A MAAND.LAD VOOII DE MO· DEliNE .ULDENDE VAKKEN oapAelTre EE[ IIEDACTIE THEO VAN DOE5 • UIIG MET MEDEWEIIKING pad.No• VAN VOOIINAME .INNEN· EN m§/ed .UITENLANDSCHE KUNSTE. NUllS. UITGAVE ll. HAIIMS TIE~EN MTNoU tnoll- TE DELFT IN 1817. t 128. 130. 131. 18 133. 134. 137. 139. 1920: Women's suffrage is c. 1923: Alexander Rodchenko, 1924: Gerrit Rietveld, 1925: Constantin Brancusi, 1926: Piet Zwart, granted in the United States. Russian Constructivist poster. Schroeder house. Bird in Space. advertisement. 135. 138. 1920: Bolsheviks triumph in 1924: Surrealist manifesto. 1925: EI Lissitzky, title page. 1925: Jan Tschichold, title 1927: Charles Lindbergh the Russian Revolution. 136. page for his article makes the first solo Atlantic 132. 1925: Herbert Bayer, universal "Elementary Typography." flight. 1921-25: Piet Mondrian, alphabet. 140. Diamond Painting in Red, 1928: Piet Zwart, Yel/ow, and Blue. advertisement. 1920 KABELS .", 132. 000. ZELFINDUCTIE ..""- -. DIE KUNSTfSMEN N.K.F ...... c ...... ~ ..... , .. DELFT ..._ ...... '#OIIIl.UxE':';••ITZII.. ~I LES ISMES DE L'ART 140. l'Ul,n THE 'ISM. 0' ART 1122 I 1"1 1120 111.I'" lin "'*U~...y Uuae.lTIllT 1.1. mitteilungen 1116 _U.S lIU II) i i A_ItUn'KII_Y -_...-...-_...... ~ :E I Q, f f! 135. CII i j I =-1 138. KOP~AOA AO M.O.-IEAK ", VOOlltllt o. 137. bauhaus136. 139. 19 142. 1929: The New York Stock 1930: Chrysler Building, an 1933: Adolf Hitler becomes 1939: Germany invades 1945: Atomic bombs destroy Market collapses, and the example of Art Deco chancellor of Germany. Poland; World War II begins. Hiroshima and Nagasaki; Great Depression begins. decorative geometric style. 145. 146. World War II ends. 141. 143. 1936: Walker Evans, 1942: Jean Carlu, 148. 1930: Paul Renner, prospectus 1931: Max Bill, exhibition photograph of sharecropper advertisement. 1948: Paul Rand, title page. for Futura. poster. family. 147. 144. 1944: Max Bill, exhibition c. 1932: Alexey Brodovitch, poster. exhibition poster. 1929 FUTURA All'i MJUlCK DIE 51CH DIE WELT EROBERTE ® Gt:~~IGX ~:l(.A.CHIHE 141. JI H LYAKlll. M.USEUM. OF All!' .PHIL "." " ","" '" : '. _1 • 144. konkrete kUMt .----- ------I r a ------I p I I " i .... -.11 I ...... 1nI 147. 143. 148. 146. 142. 20 149. 151. 152. 155. 156. 1948: Willem de Kooning, 1950-55: Le Corbusier, Notre 1952: Henri Matisse, 1956: Willem Sandberg, book 1959: Saul Bass, film title. Painting. Dame de Haut. Woman with Amphora and cover. 157. 150. Pomegranates. 1959: Frank Lloyd Wright, the 1950: Ladislav Sutnar, book 1952: School segregation is 153. 1957: Russia launches Sputnik Guggenheim Museum, New cover. declared unconstitutional by 1955: Josef Muller I, the first Earth satellite. York. the Supreme Court. Brockmann, concert poster. 158. 1950: North Korea invades 154. 1958: Carlo L. Vivarelli, South Korea. 1956: Saul Bass, magazine cover. advertisement. Neue Grafik NewGraphicDesign Graphisme actuel :::.....--:-.. =:..=- 149. 2 .. ::::=--::.:.-- :::.':----_ =::._---=-.:==..-- =:::r.:.==-- ~:.::- =.=-= =~"'::.~'=- == =~~ .. 158. • ,. 153. "'. ....-_.__ .. --_._------.------_._-- ... ~._- L --_.".--.----_.__¥ -._-_------_._---_...--- -- 152. 151. (~-~~:_~-~ _.... - - - -- .- -.- - -- "'.. - _.- - - ~- •:':::=-=;iII~::: . 154. ~. p:z 155. 150. 21 159. 161. 164. 1959: Henry Wolf, magazine 1959: Otto Storch, figurative c. 1961: George Lois, 1963: President John F. 1965: The U.S. Marines land in cover. typography. pharmaceutical Kennedy is assassinated. force in Vietnam. 160. 162. advertisement. 166. 167. c. 1959: Gerald Holton, "peace 1960: Karl Gerstner, 165. 1965: Seymour Chwast and 1966: George Lois, magazine symbol." advertisement. 1962: Eero Saarinen, Dulles Milton Glaser, poster. cover, 163. International Airport. c. 1960: Herb Lubalin, advertisement. OI"INf;. TO EAT. EASY TO ",..."t., AND BEAUTIFUL TO LOO" ON: .ELEGANT PAR ,.AITS. THERE: ARE TWO TYPI:S: THE f"R£NCH, WHICH IS II. CAEAMY, DEl. 1959 ICATE, COOL (BUT NOT ICY) MIX TURE: WITH A BAse OF" SUCAR, IEGGS, CAEAM, FAUlT ANOIOR FLAVORINGS: AND THE AMCRI CAN. MAO£ WITH COMME:RCIAL. ICE: CReAMS OR SHI:RBETS OA BOTH WITH A SUAPRISE INGRE DIENT. SUCH AS FAUlTS, COR DIALS. COGNAC. NUTS, SAUCES (SEE McCALL'S F1N£ SAUCE At.CIPES ON PAGE 001. WITH AMI;RICAN PARFAITS. YOUR ugh!'ly1 IMAGINATION CAN HAVE FREE REIN. WITH THE "AENCH, HOW EVER, YOU MUST FOLL.OW REC IPE DIRECTIONS TO THE LETTER. PARFAIT MEANS. ore COURSE, PEAF"ECT. AND WE CAN IMAGINE FEW MORE PEA FECT DESSERTS, ESPECIALLY IF' YOU WANT TO SHOW OF'F". F'OR THESE ARE TRULY SHOW· OF''' RECIPES I F'ROM THE COOK'S STANDPOINT, THERE ISA REAl.ADVANTAGE IN SERV- ING F'ROZEN DESSERTS. F'OR 160. THE OBVIOUS REASON, THEY MUST BE MAOE WELL AHEAD AND REF"RIGERATED. THUS, THE BIG OESSERT PROBLEM IS OUT OF' THE WAY WHEN IT'S TIME TO PREPARE THE MAIN 159. PART OF" THE MEAL. AT F"AR RIGHT, YOU SEE AN AMER- ICAN PARF"AIT, VANILLA ICE CREAM LAYERED WITH PISTACHIO AND TOPPE.O WITH WAL NUTS AND WHIPPE.D CREAM. THE STRAW BERRY AND APRICOT PARF"AITS ARE BOTH CLASSIC ,.RENCH. ,.OR THE RECIPES, TURN TO PAGE 00, WHERE YOU WILL "INOTHE. F'RENCH AS WELL AS GOOD VARIATIONS 0,. THE QUICK AND POPUt..AR AMERICAN PARF'AITS. THEN, PLAN A PARTY. 167. 162. 166. 22 168. 170. 172. 174. 175. c. 1968: Seymour Chwast and c. 1967: Symbol for the envi 1972: Wolfgang Weingart, 1974: Cook and Shanosky, 1976: American bicentennial, Milton Glaser, poster. ronmental movement. typographic interpretation standard symbol signs. symbol design by Bruce 169. 171. of a poem. Blackburn. 1968: R. Buckminster Fuller, 1969: First Moon walk. 173. 1975: The Vietnam War ends. American Pavilion, Montreal 1974: Herb Lubalin, World's Fair. newspaper cover. 1968 5epiratdruck8. ~,: Texe. von Uabeth 8omoz, ZDrh:h 1H1.1871-a~~ ~-=:-:::=--=: __!!!_~~===~~='''''=:!!'~!:''':I:~ New York':o:: i\cw Cl~tlter of Allractioll r 168. ~ ~ber ==beigor SlInd- ( .tm.nd...... , 'f III I 169. 172. 170. 174. 175. 171. 173. 23 176. 179. 182. 1977: Pompidou National 1979: Richard Greenberg, film 1981: Bitstream founded; first 1984: Warren Lehrer, page 1986: Fontographer software Center of Arts and Culture, titles. independent digital type from French Fries. makes possible high Paris. foundry. resolution font design on 177. 1979: Soviet troops invade 180. 1984: Apple Macintosh desk10p computers. 1977: Bill Bonnell, RyderTypes Afganistan. 1982: Pat Gorman and Frank computer, first laser printer, trademark. Olinsky, Manhattan Design, and PageMaker page layout 1988: Tiananmen Square 178. 1980s: Digital typography and MTV logo. software are introduced. massacre. 1978: Willi Kunz, poster computer technology impact 181. 183. design. typographic design, leading to 1983: Michael Graves, 1985: Zuzana Licko, Emperor, electronic page design by the Portland, Oregon, city hall. early bitmapped typeface end of the decade. designs. 1977 176. MUSIC TELEVISION 180. 177. 179. 181. 182. ::: .C;: .• :• 1990 186. summer's JQNE]19, ABCDEFGHIJK 187. ABeDi: fGmEDJ. 188. t •• 1'1;1" lor tilt to~johnWMley.....,.".(..~I,buc"~IUCRiM. 189. "'.f';" danish on bolll.d I plustheusualmixof w'OU'\t,01 ,paceIJiIL _ .... _ ....101 P-!!H9At'@uNQJWI;5afiiihlutiy I MetaMetaMetaMeta ::> theULTI . -c.t'''·T .. ~ ~_. - rd ~ - _~ryCh'l.,onthel MMMMMMM ~ook ...... MMMMMMM ~. MMMMMMM nnd 'h.b,nch MMMMMMM 184. MMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM MMMMMMM 190. 191. 193. 192. 25 194. 196. 201. 1994: Matthew Carter, Walker 1996: Stefan Sagmeister, 1997: Dolly the sheep, first Digital versions ofclassical c. 1996: Zuzana Licko, Mrs. typeface with "snap-on" poster. adult animal clone. typefaces: Eaves roman. serifs. 197. 198. 199. 202. 195. 1997: Frank Gehry, 1997: Paula Scher and Keith 1989: Robert Slimback, Adobe 1998: Neville Brody, 1995: Landor Associates, Guggenheim Museum, Daigle, book jacket. Garamond. conference poster. Xerox {The Document Bilbao, Spain. 200. Company logo. 1994-95: Janice Fishman, Holly Goldsmith, Jim Parkinson, and Sumner Stone, ITC Bodoni. 1994 197. 194. , ' . fttttttt~:t/t~f:~t~f~~~\~~~~:~~~1\~~~\~~~~\~~~~~\:~~ 195. x 198. Adobe Garamond 199.' Ire Bodoni Roman 200. Mrs. Eaves Roman 201. 196. 26 205. A new century and 2001: Terrorists attack the 2001: Mirko lIic Corp., cover 2003: The United States 2004: A powerful earthquake millennium begin: World Trade Center towers for Antiwall: Calendar of the invades Iraq. in Southeast Asia causes a 2000 and Pentagon. New Art and Contemporary 208. tsunami. killing tens of Life. 2003: Philippe Apeloig, poster. thousands of people in nearly 203. 204. 206. a dozen countries. 2000: Wolfgang Weingart, 2001: Jennifer Sterling, 2001: Jim Sherraden, book book cover. calendar page (detail). cover for Hatch Show Print. 207. 2002: Irma Boom, telephone card. 2000 l\HrIJiI311J]; ~N'TlIlIALL CALENDAR OF THE NEID ART AND CONTElllPOItJIRY un 204. 205. 203. 207. Jim Sherraden, Elek Horvath, and Paul Kingsburg 206. 208. 27 209. 211. 213. 2003: Max Kisman, typeface 2005: Lawrence Weiner, 2005: Jean-Benoit Levy, Swiss poster. typographic installation. Einstein stamp. 210. 212. 2004: Jianping He, Page from 2005: Mevis & Van Deursen, Hesign International, GmbH, book cover. website 2004 211. --_",_,-,---,-,-~-...--..~-,...... - 209. ...... •...... • • • • 210. • • • • • • • ·•••••••••••••••••••••.• 212. 213. 28