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Publication Was Made Possible Through Support Provided by UK Department for International Development (DFID) International Republican Institute INTERNATIONAL REPUBLICAN INSTITUTE 1225 EYE STREET NW, SUITE 700 WASHINGTON, DC 20005 TELEPHONE: 202-408-9450 FAX: 202-408-9462 WWW.IRI.ORG This publication was made possible through support provided by UK Department for International Development (DFID). Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of DFID. Copyright © International Republican Institute (IRI) 2014. All rights reserved. Portions of this work may be reproduced and/or translated for non-commercial purposes provided IRI is acknowledged as the source of the material and is sent copies of any translation. Table of Contents ACRONYMS ........................................................................................................................................... 6 FORMAT OF REPORT ....................................................................................................................... 7 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 9 INTERNATIONAL DONOR HISTORY AND PRIORITIES ................................................. 15 History of International Democracy and Governance Support to Somaliland ............................................... 15 Issues ................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Alliances and Strategies .................................................................................................................................... 31 Donor Priorities for Democratization Support to Somaliland: ....................................................................... 34 CIVIL SOCIETY ................................................................................................................................ 41 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 41 Legal Context and Background ....................................................................................................................... 43 Actors ................................................................................................................................................................ 44 Resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 45 Alliances and Strategies .................................................................................................................................... 46 Future Considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 47 Somaliland Strategy Analysis Framework: Civil Society ................................................................................ 48 Civil Society Priorities for Democratization .................................................................................................... 50 Priority Opportunities for International Support ........................................................................................... 55 Civil Society Opportunity Map ........................................................................................................................ 59 PARLIAMENT .................................................................................................................................... 60 3 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 60 Legal Context and Background ....................................................................................................................... 60 Actors ................................................................................................................................................................ 63 Alliances and Strategies .................................................................................................................................... 65 Future Considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Somaliland Strategy Analysis Framework: Parliament .................................................................................. 66 Parliament’s Priorities for Democratization .................................................................................................... 67 Priority Opportunities for International Support ........................................................................................... 76 Opportunity Map ............................................................................................................................................. 82 EXECUTIVE AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE ............................................................................ 83 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 83 Legal Context and Background ....................................................................................................................... 83 Actors ................................................................................................................................................................ 85 Resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 86 Alliances and Strategies .................................................................................................................................... 87 Future Considerations ...................................................................................................................................... 89 Somaliland Strategy Analysis Framework: Executive and Local Governance ............................................... 90 Executive and Local Governance Priorities for Democratization ................................................................... 92 Priority Opportunities for International Support ........................................................................................... 98 Opportunity Map ........................................................................................................................................... 102 POLITICAL PARTIES ................................................................................................................... 103 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 103 Legal Context and Background ..................................................................................................................... 104 Actors .............................................................................................................................................................. 106 4 Resources ........................................................................................................................................................ 108 Alliances and Strategies .................................................................................................................................. 108 Somaliland Strategy Analysis Framework: Political Parties ......................................................................... 109 Political Party Priorities for Democratization ............................................................................................... 111 Priority Opportunities for International Support ......................................................................................... 120 Opportunity Map ........................................................................................................................................... 130 MEDIA ................................................................................................................................................ 131 Overview ......................................................................................................................................................... 131 Legal Context and Background ..................................................................................................................... 132 Actors .............................................................................................................................................................. 132 Resources ........................................................................................................................................................ 134 Alliances and Strategies .................................................................................................................................. 134 Future Considerations .................................................................................................................................... 136 Somaliland Strategy Analysis Framework: Media ........................................................................................ 137 Media Priorities for Democratization ...........................................................................................................
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