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An Invasive Species Assessment in Zambia

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An Invasive Species Assessment in Zambia Public Document Clearing Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta) from Lukanga Swamp, central Zambia (Image courtesy of BirdLife International) Action on Invasives An invasive species system assessment in Zambia Kate Constantine, Joyce Mulila-Mitti and Frances Williams December 2020 KNOWLEDGE FOR LIFE An invasive species assessment in Zambia Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the critical contributions of Noah Phiri, Judith Chowa and Ivan Rwomushana towards facilitating this work. CABI is an international intergovernmental organisation, and we gratefully acknowledge the core financial support from our member countries (and lead agencies) including the United Kingdom (Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office), China (Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Australia (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research), Canada (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada), Netherlands (Directorate-General for International Cooperation), and Switzerland (Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation). The Action on Invasives Programme is supported by the United Kingdom Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and The Netherlands Directorate-General for International Cooperation. This report is the Copyright of CAB International, on behalf of the sponsors of this work where appropriate. It presents unpublished research findings, which should not be used or quoted without written agreement from CAB International. Unless specifically agreed otherwise in writing, all information herein should be treated as confidential. 1 Executive summary Invasive species are a serious and growing problem in Zambia. The objective of this study was to understand the current status of the invasive species system in Zambia and describe, evaluate and assess the responsiveness of the system to address the threat of invasive species to the country. A methodology was developed that identifies areas to address to strengthen the system, as well as a baseline against which changes in responsiveness of the system can be assessed at a later date if required. The methodology was based on three steps: a desk review; a stakeholder workshop; and key informant interviews. This methodology was used for the first time in Kenya in 2019 with the same approach planned for Zambia in 2020. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and global travel and meeting restrictions, a modified approach that concentrated on the literature/ document review and more comprehensive key informant interviews was adopted. The findings demonstrate that the invasive species system in Zambia has many strengths including a broad range of actors active in the invasive species space, collaboration among actors who demonstrate willingness to work together, and importance given to community involvement in the control and management of invasive species. Significantly there is also clear mandate responsibility and an established framework for invasive species management in the country. However, challenges to the system remain including weak coordination/ communication, a fragmented sector-based approach to managing invasive species, institutional/ legislative gaps, monitoring and evaluation limitations and lack of training and resources. The feedback from the key informant interviews indicates that there are generally more strengths than weakness in the invasive species system in Zambia. A significant positive is that the process of formally establishing a coordination mechanism is at an advanced stage. It is clear that Zambia has the key elements of what it takes to progress towards a highly effective invasive species system supported by several key committed and competent actors ready to deliver on their respective mandates in a collaborative manner. The next steps are ensuring the apex body and coordination mechanism is formalised with government support to provide an enabling environment. The invasive species systems approach piloted here has facilitated stakeholder engagement in clearly defining and understanding the system in Zambia as it currently stands. Participants have successfully completed a self-assessment of system strengths and weaknesses, and provided guidance on a clear way forward based on this understanding and insight. 2 Table of Contents Executive summary ............................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents .................................................................................................................. 3 Acronyms .............................................................................................................................. 4 List of figures ..................................................................................................................... 5 List of tables ...................................................................................................................... 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 6 Action on Invasives Programme ........................................................................................ 6 The Study .......................................................................................................................... 7 Key objectives ................................................................................................................... 8 Theoretical framework ....................................................................................................... 8 Methods ................................................................................................................................ 9 Document / literature review .............................................................................................. 9 Key informant interviews ................................................................................................. 10 Results ................................................................................................................................ 11 Policy and Legal framework ............................................................................................. 12 Specific work related to invasive species ......................................................................... 14 Key actors/ organisations ................................................................................................ 15 Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock ............................................................................ 15 The Plant Quarantine and Phytosanitary Service ......................................................... 16 Department of Fisheries ............................................................................................... 17 Ministry of Lands and Natural Resources, including the Forestry Department .............. 18 Department of National Parks and Wildlife ................................................................... 20 Zambia Environmental Management Agency ............................................................... 21 Research Organisations ............................................................................................... 22 Universities .................................................................................................................. 23 International organisations ........................................................................................... 23 NGOs ........................................................................................................................... 24 Resources Partners ..................................................................................................... 27 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 30 Strengths of the Zambia IS system .................................................................................. 30 Broad range of actors .................................................................................................. 30 Existence of collaborative partnerships ........................................................................ 30 Track record of past and present results for learning ................................................... 31 Community action ........................................................................................................ 31 Mandate for coordination of the IAS system and policy support ................................... 32 Weakness of the Invasive system in Zambia ................................................................... 32 3 Weak coordination ....................................................................................................... 33 Institutional/ legislative framework gaps ....................................................................... 34 Monitoring and evaluation framework limitations .......................................................... 35 Inadequate communication .......................................................................................... 35 Inadequate training and resources ............................................................................... 35 Emergency/reactionary mode of operation ................................................................... 36 Opportunities ................................................................................................................... 36 Policy guidance/
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