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HP-UX Reference HP-UX Reference Section 1: User Commands (N-Z) HP-UX 11i Version 2 Volume 2 of 9 Manufacturing Part Number : B2355-90780 Printed In USA E0803 Printed in USA © Copyright 1983-2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company LP. Legal Notices The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be held liable for errors contained herein or direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. Use of this document and any supporting software media is restricted to this product only. Additional copies of the programs may be made for security and back-up purposes only. Resale of the programs, in their present form or with alterations, is expressly prohibited. Warranty A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett-Packard product and replacement parts can be obtained from your local Sales and Service Office. U.S. Government License Proprietary computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, Commercial Computer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data forCommercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government under vendor’s standard commercial license. Copyright Notices Reproduction, adaptation, or translation of this document without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. This document and the software it describes may also be protected under one or more of the following copyrights. Additional copyrights are acknowledged in some individual manpages. Copyright 1983-2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, LP. Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1985-1993 The Regents of the University of California. ii Copyright 1980, 1984, 1986 Novell, Inc. Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Copyright 1986-2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Copyright 1988 Carnegie Mellon University Copyright 1989-1991 The University of Maryland Copyright 1989-1993 The Open Software Foundation, Inc. Copyright 1990 Motorola, Inc. Copyright 1990-1992 Cornell University Copyright 1991-2003 Mentat, Inc. Copyright 1996 Morning Star Technologies, Inc. Copyright 1996 Progressive Systems, Inc. Trademark Notices Intel and Itanium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the US and other countries and are used under license. Java is a US trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Microsoft and MS-DOS are U.S. registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. OSF/Motif is a trademark of The Open Group in the US and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. X Window System is a trademark of The Open Group. iii Revision History This document’s printing date and part number indicate its edition. The printing date changes when a new edition is printed. (Minor corrections and updates which are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change.) New editions of this manual incorporate all material updated since the previous edition. Part Number Date, Release, Format, Distribution B2355-60103 August 2003. HP-UX release 11i version 2, one volume HTML, docs.hp.com and Instant Information. B2355-90779-87 August 2003. HP-UX release 11i version 2, nine volumes PDF, docs.hp.com and print. B9106-90010 June 2002. HP-UX release 11i version 1.6, one volume HTML, docs.hp.com and Instant Information. B9106-90007 June 2001. HP-UX release 11i version 1.5, seven volumes HTML, docs.hp.com and Instant Information. B2355-90688 December 2000. HP-UX release 11i version 1, nine volumes. B2355-90166 October 1997. HP-UX release 11.0, five volumes. B2355-90128 July 1996. HP-UX release 10.20, five volumes, online only. B2355-90052 July 1995. HP-UX release 10.0, four volumes. Conventions We use the following typographical conventions. audit (5) An HP-UX manpage. audit is the name and 5 is the section in the HP-UX Reference. On the web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to the iv manpage itself. From the HP-UX command line, you can enter “man audit” or “man 5 audit” to view the manpage. See man (1). Book Title The title of a book. On the web and on the Instant Information CD, it may be a hot link to the book itself. KeyCap The name of a keyboard key. Note that Return and Enter both refer to the same key. Emphasis Text that is emphasized. Emphasis Text that is strongly emphasized. ENVIRONVAR The name of an environment variable. [ERRORNAME] The name of an error number, usually returned in the errno variable. Term The defined use of an important word or phrase. ComputerOutput Text displayed by the computer. UserInput Commands and other text that you type. Command A command name or qualified command phrase. Variable The name of a variable that you may replace in a command or function or information in a display that represents several possible values. [] The contents are optional in formats and command descriptions. If the contents are a list separated by |, you may choose one of the items. {} The contents are required in formats and command descriptions. If the contents are a list separated by |, you must choose one of the items. ... The preceding element may be repeated an arbitrary number of times. | Separates items in a list of choices. v vi Preface HP-UX is the Hewlett-Packard Company’s implementation of an operating system that is compatible with various industry standards. It is based on the UNIX System V Release 4 operating system and includes important features from the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution. The nine volumes of this manual contain the system reference documentation, made up of individual entries called manpages, named for the man command that displays them on the system. The entries are also known as manual pages or reference pages. General For a general introduction to HP-UX and the structure and format of the Introduction manpages, please see the introduction (9) manpage in volume 9. Section The manpages are divided into sections that also have introduction Introductions (intro) manpages that describe the contents. These are: intro (1) Section 1: User Commands (A-M in volume 1; N-Z in volume 2) intro (1M) Section 1M: System Administration Commands (A-M in volume 3; N-Z in volume 4) intro (2) Section 2: System Calls (in volume 5) intro (3C) Section 3: Library Functions (A-M in volume 6; N-Z in volume 7) intro (4) Section 4: File Formats (in volume 8) intro (5) Section 5: Miscellaneous Topics (in volume 9) intro (7) Section 7: Device (Special) Files (in volume 9) intro (9) Section 9: General Information (in volume 9) vii viii Volume Two Table of Contents Section 1 Volume Two Table of Contents Section 1 Table of Contents Volumes One and Two Section 1: User Commands Entry Name(Section): name Description intro(1): intro ................................................... introduction to command utilities and application programs adb(1): adb ............................................................................................................................ absolute debugger adjust(1): adjust ............................................................................................................ simple text formatter admin(1): admin ........................................................................................... create and administer SCCS files alias: substitute command and/or file name .............................................................................. see sh-posix(1) alias: substitute command and/or filename ........................................................................................ see csh(1) alias: substitute command and/or filename ........................................................................................ see ksh(1) alloc: show dynamic memory usage ................................................................................................... see csh(1) answer(1): answer .................................................................................. phone message transcription system ar(1): ar ............................................................................................. maintain portable archives and libraries as(1): as ................................................................................................. assembler (Itanium Processor Family) asa(1): asa ....................................................................................... interpret ASA carriage control characters at(1): at, batch ..................................................... execute batched commands immediately or at a later time attributes(1): attributes .................................................................................................. describe audio file awk(1): awk .............................................................................. text pattern scanning and processing language banner(1): banner ............................................................................................... make posters in large letters basename(1): basename, dirname .................................................................. extract portions of path names batch: execute batched commands immediately .................................................................................. see at(1) bc(1): bc .............................................................................................
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