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Acipenser Baerii in Environmental Condition Iran

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Acipenser Baerii in Environmental Condition Iran Feasibility studied on production brood stocking Acipenser baerii in environmental condition Iran Item Type monograph Authors Yazdani Sadati, Mohammad Ali; Mohseni, M.; Pourali, H.R.; Shakourian, M.; Pour Asadi, M.; Yousefi Jourdehi, A.; Halajian, A.; Sayed Hassani, M.H.; Pourdehghani, M.; Bahmani, M.; Kazemi, R. Publisher Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Download date 24/09/2021 04:11:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/39838 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞﻛ ﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر – اﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري دﻛﺘﺮ دادﻣﺎن ﻋﻨﻮان : : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي ( Acipenser baerii) در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻣﺠﺮي : : ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﺳﺎداﺗﻲ ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛﺒﺖ 43248 وزارت ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت، آﻣﻮزش و ﺗﺮوﻳﭻ ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر - اﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري دﻛﺘﺮ دادﻣﺎن ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي ( Acipenser baerii ) در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﺷﻤﺎره ﻣﺼﻮب ﭘﺮوژه : 86070 - 12 - 12 -2 ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪه / ﻧﮕﺎرﻧﺪﮔﺎن : ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﺳﺎداﺗﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮوژه ﻫﺎ و ﻃﺮﺣﻬﺎي ﻣﻠﻲ و ﻣﺸﺘﺮك دارد ) : - - ﻧ ﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺠﺮي / ﻣﺠﺮﻳﺎن : ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﺳﺎداﺗﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎر( ان ) : ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﻣﺤﺴﻨﻲ، ﺣﻤﻴﺪرﺿﺎ ﭘﻮرﻋﻠﻲ، ﻣﺤﻤﻮد ﺷﻜﻮرﻳﺎن، ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﭘﻮراﺳﺪي، اﻳﻮب ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ ﺟﻮردﻫﻲ، ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﻼﺟﻴﺎن، ﻣﻴﺮﺣﺎﻣﺪﺳﻴﺪﺣﺴﻨﻲ، ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﭘﻮردﻫﻘﺎﻧﻲ،ﻣﺤﻤﻮ د ﺑﻬﻤﻨﻲ، رﺿﻮان اﷲ ﻛﺎﻇﻤﻲ ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧ ﻮادﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎور( ان ) : - - ﻧﺎم و ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮادﮔﻲ ﻧﺎﻇﺮ( ان ) : - - ﻣﺤﻞ اﺟﺮا : اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻴﻼن ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺷﺮوع : /1 /10 86 ﻣﺪت اﺟﺮا : 5 ﺳﺎل ﻧﺎﺷﺮ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻋﻠﻮم ﺷﻴﻼﺗﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر : ﺳﺎل1393 ﺣﻖ ﭼﺎپ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺆﻟﻒ ﻣﺤﻔﻮظ اﺳﺖ . ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ، ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ ، ﺟﺪاول ، ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻲ ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﻮدارﻫ ﺎ ﺑﺎ ذﻛﺮ ﻣﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻼﻣﺎﻧﻊ اﺳﺖ . « ﺳﻮاﺑﻖ ﻃﺮح ﻳﺎ ﭘﺮوژه و ﻣﺠﺮي ﻣﺴﺌﻮل / ﻣﺠﺮي » » ﭘﺮوژه : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﻣﻜﺎن ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي ( Acipenser baerii ) در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﻛﺪ ﻣﺼﻮب : 86070 - -12 2-12 ﺷﻤﺎره ﺛ ﺒﺖ ( ﻓﺮوﺳﺖ ) : 43248 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ : 92/4/26 ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﻴﺖ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻨﺎب آﻗﺎي ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻳﺰداﻧﻲ ﺳﺎداﺗﻲ داراي ﻣﺪرك ﺗﺤﺼﻴﻠﻲ دﻛﺘﺮي در رﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻴﻼت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﭘﺮوژه ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ داوران ﻣﻨﺘﺨـﺐ ﺑﺨـ ﺶ اﺻـﻼح ﻧـﮋاد و ﺗﻜﺜﻴـﺮ و ﭘـﺮورش آﺑﺰﻳـﺎن در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ28/8/91 ﻣﻮرد ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺮه 18 و رﺗﺒﻪ ﻋﺎﻟ ﻲ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . در زﻣﺎن اﺟﺮاي ﭘﺮوژه، ﻣﺠﺮي در : : ﺳﺘﺎد ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻜﺪه ﻣﺮﻛﺰ█ اﻳﺴﺘﮕ ﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺳﻤﺖ رﺋﻴﺲ ﺑﺨﺶ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري در اﻧﺴﺘﻴﺘﻮ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳـﺎري دﻛﺘﺮ دادﻣﺎن ﻣﺸﻐﻮل ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺪا ﻋﻨﻮان « ﻓﻬﺮﺳﺖ ﻣﻨﺪرﺟﺎت » ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 1 1 -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 2 -1-1 اﻫﺪاف ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 3 -1-2 ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 3 -2 ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻛﺎر ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ 8 8 -2-1 ﻓﺎز 1 : ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ روﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي رﺷﺪ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي ................................ .............................. 8 8 -2-2 ﻓﺎز 2 : ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﻲ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ............................. 11 11 -2-3 ﻓﺎز 3 : ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﻟﺪ، ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻻرو، ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ و اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر ................................ ........ 15 -3 ﺞﻳﻧﺘﺎ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 20 -3-1 ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻫﺎ ي ﻳﺰﻴﻓ ﻜﻮﺷ ﺎﻴﻤﻴ ﻳﻲ آب در ﻃﻮل دوره ﭘﺮورش ................................ .............................. 20 -3-2 رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ................................ ................................ ........... 32 -4 ﺑﺤﺚ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .................. 44 ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 54 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه اﻧﮕﻠﻴﺴﻲ ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ....... 58 58 ر ان ه .../ ١ ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان ﭘﺮوژه اي در ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎز ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﻲ ( ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ روﻧﺪ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻬﺎي رﺷﺪ، ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﻲ، ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻮﻟﺪ و اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر ) در ﻣﺪت 4 ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺟﺮا در آﻣﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد 100 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎ ﻧﮕﻴﻦ وزن ﻳﻚ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل ﭘﺮورش ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻪ اوزان 5/2، 4 و3/5 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم رﺳﻴﺪﻧﺪ . ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮ رﺳ ﻲ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ، ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي اﺳﺘﺮوﺋﻴﺪي ( Estradiol (E 2) ، Testeosterone (T) ، (11-Ket) (Tetostesterone و α- h ydroxyprogestrone) ) 17 α-OHP 17 ) ﻃﻲ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘ ﻠﻒ و در ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ و ﻣﺎده ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮ رﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ KT-11 در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ IV رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮاﻳﻨﺪ اﺳﭙﺮﻣﻴﺸﻦ ﺑﻮد . ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﺳﺘﺮادﻳﻮل (E2 ) در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ III رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ و در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ رﺳﻴﺪ . ﻏﻠﻈﺖ T در ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ و ﻣﺎده در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘ ﻠﻒ داراي اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ دار ﺑﻮد (P< 0/05 ) . اﻳﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده از ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ II ﺑﻪ IV روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ داﺷﺘﻪ و در ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ IV ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻮد رﺳﻴﺪ . ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ در ﻫﺮ و ﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺮ و ﻣﺎده ﻏﻠﻀﺖ α-OHP 17 ﻧﻴﺰ روﻧﺪ اﻓﺰاﻳﺸﻲ داﺷﺖ . در ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم ﭘﺮورش 31 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣ ﺎده ﻛﻪ ﺑ ﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺟ ﻨﺴﻲ رﺳﻴﺪه ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد 10 ﻋﺪد از آ ﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻪ GV ﺑﻴﻦ 6 ﺗﺎ 9 داﺷﺘﻨﺪ، ا ﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﺑﻴﺶ از 90 درﺻﺪ از ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺰرﻳﻖ ﻫﻮرﻣﻮن ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ دادﻧﺪ و از آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 19500 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻻرو ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ، ﭘﺲ از ﻃﻲ دوره 45 ﺗﺎ60 روزه ﭘﺮورش، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ اﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﻗﺪ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ازاي ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﻣﺎده ﺑﻴﻦ 8500 ﺗﺎ 10500 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﺑﻮد . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﻤﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﺎ وﻳﺎر دﻫﻲ، از ﺗﻌﺪادي از ﻣ ﻮﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻣﻮ ﻟﺪ از ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ 6/8 درﺻﺪ وزن ﺑﺪن ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪاﻛﺜﺮ /3 10 درﺻﺪ وزن ﺑﺪن ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ، ﻣﻴﺘﻮان اذﻋﺎن ﻛﺮد ﻛﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﭘﺮورش و ﻣﻮﻟﺪﺳﺎزي در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ اﻳﺮان در ﻳﻚ دوره 5 ﺳﺎﻟﻪ را دارا ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻛﻠﻤﺎت ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒ ﺮي، ﮔﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﻟﺪ، رﺷﺪ، ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﻲ، ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ، ﺑﭽﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻲ، ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر ٢ / ارش ح ه -1 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ اﻣﺮوزه ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺗﺠﺎري و ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﺟﻬـﺎن ﻣﺤﺴـﻮب ﻣـﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﺑﺸﺪت در ﻣﻌﺮض ﻧﺎﺑﻮدي و اﻧﻘﺮاض ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ . ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس آﻣﺎرﻫـﺎي ﺟﻬـﺎﻧﻲ در ﺳـﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﭘﺎ ﻳـﺎﻧﻲ دﻫـﻪ 1970 ﻣﻴﻼدي ﺻﻴﺪ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن از ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ از 33000 ﺗﻦ و در ﺳﺎل 1991 ﻣﻴﻼدي ﺣﺪود 15000 ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮد در، ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ در ﺳﺎل 2009 ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﺘـﺮ از 385 ﺗـﻦ رﺳـﻴﺪه اﺳـﺖ ( FAO, 2010 ) اﻳـﻦ ﻛـﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﺎﻋـﺚ ﮔﺮدﻳـﺪ ﻛـﻪ داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺎ ﺷﺘﺎب ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻪ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺑﭙﺮداز ﻧﺪ . زﻳﺮا ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري در زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎي ﻃﻴﺒﻌﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻻﻳﻞ ﺻﻴﺪ ﺑﻲ روﻳﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﮔﻮﺷﺖ و ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر، ﺻﻴﺪ ﻏﻴﺮﻗـﺎﻧﻮﻧﻲ، وﻳﮋﮔـﻲ ﻫـﺎي زﻳﺴـﺘﻲ ( زادآوري ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺳﻦ ﺑﻠﻮغ دﻳﺮ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ) ﺗﺨﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻜﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺗﺨﻤﺮﻳﺰي، آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ آب و ﻋﺪم ﻣـﺪﻳﺮ ﻳﺖ ﻋﻠﻤـﻲ ﻣـﻮﺛﺮ ﺻﻴﺎدي رخ داده اﺳﺖ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ آ ﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري آﻧﻬﺎ را در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﭘـﺮورش ﻣﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ، آﻣـﺎده ﻧﻤـﻮد . ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس ﮔﺰارش ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﺧﻮار و ﺑﺎر ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻓـﺎﺋﻮ ( 2009 ) ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﮔﻮﺷـﺖ ﺗﺎﺳـﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﭘﺮورﺷـﻲ ﻛـﻪ در اواﺳﻂ دﻫﻪ 1980 ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از 400 ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل ﺑﻮده ﺑﺎ رﺷﺪ ﻓﺰاﻳﻨﺪه اي روﺑﺮو ﺑﻮده ، ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ در ﺳﺎل 2009 ﺑﻪ 32576 ﺗﻦ در ﺳﺎل ﻣﻴﻼدي رﺳﻴﺪ . ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرم ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي دوﻟﺖ در زﻳﺮﺑﺨﺶ ﺷﻴﻼت ﻣـﻲ ﺑﺎﻳﺴـﺖ در ﺳـﺎل 1389 ( ﺳـﺎل ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ) 1500 ﺗﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ از ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮد ، در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻲ رﻏﻢ ﺻﺪور ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺖ اﺻﻮﻟﻲ و ﭘﺮواﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻴﺲ ﺑﺮ اي ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺿﻴﺎن اﺣﺪاث ﻣﺰارع ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳـﺎري در ﻛﺸـﻮر، ﻣﻴـﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﻴـﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﭘﺮورﺷﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از 100 ﺗﻦ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر ﭘﺮورﺷﻲ از ﻣﺰارع ﻓﻮق رﻓﻢ ﻧﺎﭼﻴﺰي را ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ دﻫﺪ . دﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﺪه آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورﺷـﻲ اﺳـﺖ ﻛـﻪ ﺑﻠـﻮغ ﺟﻨﺴـﻲ دﻳـﺮرس دارﻧﺪ . از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺰارع ﭘﺮورش ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري اوﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و در واﻗﻊ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎزدارﻧﺪه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد. از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻧﻮﭘﺎ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺮورش ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن و ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻮدن دوره ﺑﺎزﮔﺸﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑـﻪ آن ﺷﺪه ﻛﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاران رﻏﺒﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﺗﺎ ﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ ارزش ﺗﺠﺎري اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ از اﺳﺘﻌﺪاد ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮورش در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﺼﻮر ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺳﺮﻳﻊ اﻟ ﺮﺷﺪ ﺑﻮدن، ﻛﻮﺗﺎه ﺑـﻮدن دوره رﺳـﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻠـﻮغ ﺟﻨﺴـﻲ، ﮔﺴـﺘﺮدﮔﻲ و ﺗﻨـﻮع در رژﻳـﻢ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﻲ در ﭘﺮورش ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴـﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳـﺎري آب ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﮔﺮدد . اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﺴﻴﺎري از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي اروﭘﺎﻳﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ، اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ، روﺳﻴﻪ، ﻟﻬﺴـﺘﺎن، ا ﺗـﺮﻳﺶ و ﻏﻴﺮه ﻣﺒﺎدرت ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮورش ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ آن و اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ . ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳـﻴﺒﺮي در ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻬـﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌـﻲ رﺷـﺪ ﻛﻨﺪي دارد، ﺑﻄﻮرﻳﻜﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﻧﺮ در ﺳﻦ 11 ﺗﺎ 14 ﺳﺎﻟﮕﻲ و ﻣـﺎده ﻫـﺎ در ﺳـﻨﻴﻦ 17 ﺗـﺎ 18 ﺳـﺎﻟﮕﻲ ﺑـﺎﻟﻎ ﻣـﻲ ﺷـﻮﻧﺪ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر از اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺻﺮف ﻫﺰ ﻳﻨـﻪ ﻓـﺮاوان و در دوره ﻃـﻮﻻﻧﻲ اﻣﻜـﺎن ﭘـﺬﻳﺮ اﺳﺖ، درﺟﻪ ﺣﺮارت آب، ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ، ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺲ ﺟﻴﺮه ﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎر ﺑﺮدن ﻣﻮاد ﻣﺤﺮك و ﺗﺴـﺮﻳﻊ ﻛﻨﻨـﺪه رﺳـﻴﺪﮔﻲ ر ان ه .../ ٣ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ و ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﻣﺤﺮك ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻲ در رﺳﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ و اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر در ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳـﺎري دارد . اﻳـﻦ ﻃﺮح ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ از ﺗ ﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺳﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺮﺷﺪ و زودﺑـﺎزده از ﻃﺮﻳـﻖ ﻛﻮﺗـﺎه ﻧﻤـﻮدن دوره ﺑﻠـﻮغ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ رو ﺑﻪ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري ﻛﺸﻮر و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺎرﺑﺮدي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﭗ ( Acipenser nudiventris) ، اوزون ﺑﺮون ( Acipenser stallatus) ، ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧـﻲ ( Acipenser persicus ) و ﻓﻴﻠﻤﺎﻫﻲ ( Huso huso ) ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣـﺪ و ﺑـﺎ ﻫـﺪف ﻣﻌﺮﻓـﻲ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي ﺟﺪﻳـﺪ، ﺳـﺮﻳﻊ اﻟﺮﺷﺪ و زود ﺑﺎزده ، ﻛﻤﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ژﻧﻲ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري درﻳﺎي ﺧﺰر و ارا ﺋﻪ دﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ و اﻳﺠﺎد زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻻزم ﺟﻬﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬاري و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺮورش اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧ ﻪ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . -1-1 اﻫﺪاف ﻃﺮح : : -1 دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻜﻨﻴﻚ اﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎل ﺧﺎوﻳﺎر از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺎﺳﻤﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي -2 ﻛﺎﻫﺶ دوره ﺑﻠﻮغ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ آ ب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻛﺸﻮر -3 اراﺋﻪ دﺳﺘﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﺟﺮاﻳﻲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﭘﺮورش و ﺗﺮوﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﺻﻨﻌﺖ آﺑﺰي ﭘﺮوري ﻛﺸﻮر -1-2 ﻛﻠﻴﺎت ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﻣﺎﻫ ﻴﺎن ﺧﺎوﻳﺎري راﺳﺘﻪ Acipenseriforms ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺳﺘﻮ ژﻧر ﻬﺎ، ﭘﺎرو ﭘ ﻮزه ﻫﺎ و دﻳﮕﺮ ﻓﺴﻴﻠﻬﺎي ﺧﻮﻳﺸﺎوﻧﺪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 27 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ را در ﺑﺮﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد ( Bemis et al., 1997 ).
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