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The Chambo Restoration Strategic Plan Edited by Moses Banda Daniel Jamu Friday Njaya Maurice Makuwila Alfred Maluwa CHAPTER | Topic i The Chambo Restoration Strategic Plan Proceedings of the national workshop held on 13-16 May 2003 at Boadzulu Lakeshore Resort, Mangochi Edited by Moses Banda Daniel Jamu Friday Njaya Maurice Makuwila Alfred Maluwa 2005 Published by the WorldFish Center PO Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia Banda, M., D. Jamu, F. Njaya, M. Makuwila and A. Maluwa (eds.) 2005. The Chambo Restoration Strategic Plan. WorldFish Center Conference Proceedings 71, 112 p. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Cataloguing-in-Publication Data The chambo restoration plan / edited by Moses Banda ... [et al.]. ISBN 983-2346-36-3 1. Fisheries --Malawi--Conservation and restoration. 2. Fish-culture--Malawi--Management. I. Banda, Moses. 639.2096897 Cover photos by: C. Béné, R. Brummett and WorldFish photo collection ISBN 983-2346-36-3 WorldFish Center Contribution No. 1740 Printed by Printelligence, Penang, Malaysia. Reference to this publication should be duly acknowledged. The WorldFish Center is one of the 15 international research centers of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) that has initiated the public awareness campaign, Future Harvest. ii WorldFish Center | Biodiversity, Management and Utilization of West African Fishes CHAPTER | Topic iii Contents Foreword v Acknowledgements vi Executive summary vii Introduction viii Official Opening Address by the Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment Affairs, Mr. G.C. Mkondiwa x Section 1: Review of the Chambo fisheries and biology ...................................................................................................... The status of the Chambo in Malawi: Fisheries and biology 1 M.C. Banda, G.Z. Kanyerere and B.B. Rusuwa Observation on the factors behind the decline of the Chambo in Lake Malawi and 8 Lake Malombe Alexander Bulirani 12 Genetic diversity of the Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) species in Lake Malawi Dalitso R. Kafumbata and Aggrey J.D. Ambali Section 2: Socio-institutional factors affecting the Chambo fisheries collapse .....................................21 A review of Chambo fisheries management strategies Steve Donda 30 Socio-economic factors influencing the decline of the Chambo P.M. Mvula, F.J. Njaya and B.J. Mkoko 38 A review of fisheries research and extension in Malawi D.A.M. Banda and F.J. Njaya 43 Case for compliance studies to improve management of the Chambo on the south east arm of Lake Malawi Mafaniso Hara 54 Department of Fisheries strategic plan Steve Donda Section 3: Chambo Restoration Strategies ............................................................................................................................................57 Assessing the potential for restocking, habitat enhancement, fish sanctuaries and aquaculture to restore the Chambo production in Malawi Johann Bell and Daniel Jamu 64 Culture-based production systems: Options for the Chambo in Lake Malawi and Lake Malombe E.K.W. Kaunda, F. Njaya, D. Jamu and A. Ford ii WorldFish Center | Biodiversity, Management and Utilization of West African Fishes CHAPTERContents | Topic iii 69 Environmental impacts on the growth and survival of the Oreochromis Karongae in captivity O.V. Msiska Section 4: The Chambo restoration strategic plan ........................................................................................................................79 1. Background of the problem 79 1.1 The national importance of fish and the Chambo 79 1.2 Chambo biology 79 1.3 Statement of the problem 80 1.4 Factors affecting the Chambo fisheries 81 2. Stategic context and policy framework 81 2.1 Global goals 81 2.2 Regional goals 81 2.3 National goals 82 3. The Chambo restoration strategic plan 82 3.1 Strategic objectives 82 3.2 Guiding principles 83 3.3 Expected outputs 84 3.4 Action plan 87 3.5 Assumptions and risks 87 4. The way forward 87 4.1 Management authority 87 4.2 Funding support 87 4.3 Short-term action plan Annexes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................88 Annex 1: Save the Chambo Campaign 93 Annex 2: List of participants 100 Acronyms iv WorldFish Center | Biodiversity, Management and Utilization of West African Fishes CHAPTER | Topic v Foreword Fisheries resources contribute substantially to food security and livelihoods of 1.6 million Malawians. Because of increasing population, limited livelihoods opportunities for lake communities, fish habitat degradation, overfishing and the problems of managing a complex multi- species fishery, the annual fish production for the country has declined from over 80 000 tonnes in 1980s to just around 50 000 tonnes since the last decade. Of particular interest is the decline of the Chambo in the southern part of Lake Malawi, Upper Shire River and Lake Malombe from 15 000 tonnes per year to less than 3 000 tonnes per year. This decline of Chambo catches implies a significant loss to the rural and urban economy, reduced food security and adversely affected the livelihoods of a large number of people dependent upon the fishery. Recognizing the important role that the Chambo plays in the livelihoods and nutritional security of Malawians, the Malawi legislature through the Cabinet Committee on Natural Resources and Environment (CCNRE) demonstrated its commitment to the restoration of the Chambo fishery by endorsing the launch of the “National Save the Chambo Campaign” on 16 January 2003 and the Chambo Restoration Strategic Plan on 24 July 2003. This culminated in a consultative process to consolidate the development of a strategic plan with participation of scientists, academia and policy makers from both within Malawi and abroad. The process materialized in the form of a workshop held on 13-16 May 2003 at the Boadzulu Lakeshore Resort. The workshop, officially opened by the Principal Secretary of Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs, George Mkondiwa and closed by the Director of Fisheries, Sloans K. Chimatiro, resulted in the Chambo Restoration Strategic Plan (CRSP) and the proceedings documented in this book. The Department of Fisheries considers this commitment and political will an opportunity to exercise its role in developing the Strategic Plan as one way of restoring the Chambo through a combination of strategies that include restocking, artificial reefs, stock enhancement, aquaculture and habitat restoration. At the center of these strategies are the people who exploit the fisheries resources. It is expected that, with participation of all stakeholders including the private sector, advance research institutes, community organizations and donor agencies, this initiative will be successfully implemented and will serve as a model for rehabilitation of collapsed fisheries in other inland fisheries in Africa. These proceedings should, therefore, inform the reader of the scope of knowledge on the Chambo, the socio-economics and livelihoods context within which the people exploiting the resource operates, and past constraints to the management of the Chambo fishery. The proceedings also provide recommendations on how to overcome these problems and a strategic plan for the restoration of the Chambo fishery. It is hoped that the proceedings will emphasize, to researchers in the natural and social sciences and development practitioners, the fact that a multidisciplinary approach is needed that puts the people utilizing the resource at the center of all planned activities if the Chambo fishery is to be successfully restored. Finally, I would like to express my thanks to all the participants for their contributions during the workshop and their assistance in developing the CRSP, and to all our partners for their valuable technical and financial support. Sloans K. Chimatiro Director of Fisheries iv WorldFish Center | Biodiversity, Management and Utilization of West African Fishes CHAPTERFOREWORD | Topic v Acknowledgements We are grateful to our partners for their valuable technical and financial assistance. In particular, we recognize the support from the COMPASS/USAID, the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and the WorldFish Center towards meeting the costs of organizing the national workshop, and from MEET and MALDECO for supporting the launching ceremony of the “National Save the Chambo” campaign. Special thanks should go to Mr John Balarin and Dr Johann Bell, who were the workshop moderators. The time consuming work of the team responsible for organizing the national workshop and editing the proceedings are very much appreciated. Contributions from various individuals who are too numerous to mention are also very much acknowledged. vi WorldFish Center | Biodiversity, Management and Utilization of West African Fishes CHAPTER | Topic vii Executive summary This report provides a background to the issues that have led to the collapse of the Chambo in Lake Malawi and the South East Arm (SEA) of Lake Malawi and to the development of a Chambo Restoration Strategic Plan. The fisheries sector plays a significant role to Malawi’s population as a source of food, income and employment opportunities to nearly 300 000 people involved in the industry either through direct fishing or other associated activities. It is estimated that fish contributes four percent to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
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