` TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 3 The Retezat National Park Editors Doru Bănăduc, Ioan Sîrbu & Angela Curtean-Bănăduc Sibiu - Romania 2006 Scientifical Reviewers (in alphabethical order): Petru Mihai BĂNĂRESCU Romanian Academy, Institute of Biology, Department of Biosystematics, Bucharest - Republic of Romania. Dan COGĂLNICEANU "Ovidius" University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constanţa - Republic of Romania. Tim EHRLINGER University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Biological Sciences, Milwaukee - United States of America. Nicolae GĂLDEAN Ecological University Bucharest, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Ecology, Bucharest - Republic of Romania. John Owen MOUNTFORD NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood, Huntington, Cambridgeshire - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Erika SCHNEIDER-BINDER WWF - Auen Institut, Rastatt, Federal Republic of Germany. Editorial Assistants: Emily ADAMS St Anne's College, Oxford - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Călin HODOR Retezat National Park Administration, Nucşoara village, Sălaşu de Sus commune - Republic of Romania. Editorial Office: „Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology and Environment Protection, 31 Oituz Street, Sibiu, Republic of Romania, RO - 550337, Doru Bănăduc ([email protected]), Ioan Sîrbu ([email protected]) and Angela Curtean-Bănăduc ([email protected]). ISSN 1841 - 7051 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Editors of Transylv. Rev. Syst. Ecol. Res. IN MEMORIAM Alexandru Borza (1887 - 1971) The great Romanian botanist Alexandru Borza was born on 21 May 1887 in Alba Iulia, Transylvania, where he attended primary and secondary school. He carried out his university studies in Wroclaw, Budapest and Berlin, graduated in theology (1908) and natural sciences (1911), and took his Ph.D. in Natural Sciences (1913). After completing his university studies he return in his country. He was appointed professor at the boy’s high school Blaj, where he remained until 1919 when he became a founding professor of the “Dacia Superioară" University, Cluj-Napoca. He taught at the University at Cluj until 1947 when he retired. In the period 1935 - 1938 he was Dean of the Faculty of Sciences of Cluj-Napoca, and in 1944 - 1945 Rector of the University. In 1947, in the period of his full creative power, he was removed from the academic community because of his anti-communist political opinions (he was rehabilitated in 1962 when he was granted the title of Scientist Emeritus, and again in 1990 when he became, post-mortem, a member of the Romanian Academy). He directed (from 1920) for a period of 28 years the Botanical Garden in Cluj-Napoca, the garden that now bears his name. In the period 1921 - 1948 he edited the Bulletin of the Botanical Garden and of the Botanical Museum of the University of Cluj-Napoca. Founder of the Romanian phytocoenological school (modelled on the Western European school of Zurich-Montpellier), Alexandru Borza published dozens of papers in this field of studies, among which we should mention the phyto-sociological studies of the Retezat Mountains (1934), and the Flora and vegetation of the Sebeş Valley (1959), Introduction to the study of plant cover (1965), this last in collaboration with Nicolae Boşcaiu. He was the initiator of experimental ecology in Romania. He made a significant contribution to knowledge of corology of cormophytes in Romania editing Conspectus florae Romaniae regionumque affinium, I - II (1947, 1949), Bibliography of Romanian botany (1921 - 1947) and the collection Flora Romaniae Exciccata (beginning in 1920) which formed the basis of the monumental works Flora of the People’s Republic of Romania / Flora of the Socialist Republic of Romania in 13 volumes, which appeared (1952 - 1976) under the auspices of the Romanian Academy. He described, alone or in collaboration, 85 plant taxa new to science. His extensive herbarium is found in the Natural History Museum in Sibiu. His research themes in corology and ecology of plants intersected with phytocoenology, phylogeny, popular culture and ethnobotany. This last area had interested him since adolescence (he published his first contribution in 1908). He wrote dozens of works on the subject, the most representative being the Dictionary of Ethnobotany published in 1968, which includes nearly 11,000 Romanian plant names. He reunited the great personalities in the field at the first Congress of Romanian naturalists (1928). He was a tireless activist in the realm of nature protection. He contributed to the drafting of the first law for the protection of natural monuments in Romania. He initiated the first steps for the protection of natural areas in Romania, fighting for their transfer to state property. He edited the Bulletin of the Commission for Natural Monuments (1933 - 1944); and he organized the first national park in Romania, Retezat National Park. He was member of several academies and societies in the country and abroad (in France, Germany, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia and Finland). His research works were published in over 500 scientific publications. The results of his work place him, without doubt or equivocation, among the most valuable of Romanian naturalists. The Editors Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 3. The Retezat National Park 2006 CONTENTS Preface; The Editors Bacteria and pelagic food webs in pristine alpine lakes (Retezat Mountains, Romania); Viera STRAŠKRÁBOVÁ, Dan COGĂLNICEANU, Jiři NEDOMA, Laura PARPALĂ, Carmen POSTOLACHE, Claudiu TUDORANCEA, Angheluţă VĂDINEANU, Cristina-Maria VÂLCU and Victor ZINEVICI................................................................................................ 1. The Cormoflora from the south-eastern area of Retezat National Park, (Romania); Ana Maria BENEDEK and Constantin DRĂGULESCU..…….....….…. 11. Zănoaga and Judele (Retezat National Park, Romania), biodiversity value and evidence of anthropogenic impacts on alpine vegetation; John Owen MOUNTFORD ……………….....……...…………........… 35. Retezat Mountains (Romania) glacial lakes zooplankton biodiversity; Teodora Maria ONCIU and Adina RADU …………………….....…… 49. The diversity of Tricladids fauna (Platylminthes, Turbellaria) from Retezat National Park (Romania); Ioana ILUŢ, Lucian PÂRVULESCU and Milca PETROVICI ................ 61. The Diversity of Crustacean fauna (Arthropoda, Crustacea) from Retezat National Park (Romania); Lucian PÂRVULESCU, Ioana ILUŢ and Milca PETROVICI ................ 65. Water mites (Acari, Hydrachnidia) from the Retezat National Park (Romania); Mihaela CÎMPEAN and Reinhard GERECKE …………...….....…....... 69. Arachnological studies in the Retezat National Park (Romania); István URÁK and Kinga FETYKÓ ………………………………… 79. Cadysfly (Insecta, Trichoptera) larvae communities of Bărbat River Basin (Retezat Mountains, Romania); Angela CURTEAN-BĂNĂDUC, Florina CIUBUC and Constantin CIUBUC ……………………………………………………….…... 89. Contributions on the study of the macrozoobenthic invertebrates from the glacial lakes of the Lăpuşnicu Mare River Basin (Retezat Mountains, Romania); Diana CUPŞA and Gabriella BANYAI …......................................... 101. The Râul Mare River (Retezat Mountains, Romania) fish fauna; Doru BĂNĂDUC...................................…......................................... 117. Contributions to the study of rodents in the Retezat National Park (Romania); Ioana COBZARU….....…………....….............................................. 125. Small Mammals (Insectivora and Rodentia) from Retezat National Park (Romania); Ana Maria BEDEK .......………….....…........................................... 139. Forest management and conservation in Retezat National Park (Romania); Ioan ABRUDAN, Erika STANCIU, Gheorghe IGNEA and Liliana ROGOZEA …………..........................................….........……..…... 147. An approach to surveying and mapping the biodiversity of national parks (Romania); John Owen MOUNTFORD, Dee PATRIQUIN and Jo R. TREWEEK ........................................................................................ 157. Retezat National Park (Romania) biodiversity monitoring plan (I); Călin HODOR ................................................................................... 169. Preface The Retezat National Park, the first Romanian National park was established in 1935. The long-lasting efforts that proceeded its founding are tied to the prestigious scientific and nature protection activity of the great botanist prof. Alexandru Borza (1887 - 1971), who emphasized, in 1916, and later, in 1928, that "the Retezat Mountains are predestined by nature to hold a real national park, representative of large area". "This massif has been, until now, state and private property, and has been well protected as a hunting ground. The complex of peaks, alpine hollows, mountain lakes, alpine lawns, precipices and woods are comprised of the Păpuşii Peak, Stînişoara, Groapa Şesele and Tăul Zănoaga and cover an area of about 1,000 ha. This area is completely exempt from grazing, hunting, clearing and fishing, because it is a sanctuary of nature. Chamois, vulture, lynx, bear and wolf are still to be found here in large numbers. The vegetation has large areas of dwarf pines, large groups of swiss stone pine (Pinus cembra) and