An Automated Learner for Phonology and Morphology

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Automated Learner for Phonology and Morphology Albright, Adam and Bruce Hayes (2000). An Automated Learner for Phonology and Morphology. Ms., University of California, Los Angeles. Albright, Adam, Argelia Andrade and Bruce Hayes (2000). Segmental environments of Spanish diphthongization. Ms., UCLA. Bailey, Charles-James (1973). Variation and Linguistic Theory. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. Baxter, William and Alexis Manaster Ramer (1996). Review of Ringe 1992. Diachronica 13, 371-384. Biber, Douglas and Edward Finegan (1989). Drift and the evolution of English style: a history of three genres. Language 65, 487-451. Bloomfield, Leonard (1933). Language. New York: Henry Holt. Boersma, Paul (1998). Functional Phonology: formalizing the interactions between articulatory and perceptual drives. The Hague: Holland Academic Graphics. Boersma, Paul and Bruce Hayes (2001). Empirical tests of the Gradual Learning Algorithm. Linguistic Inquiry 32, 45-86. Briscoe, Ted. 1999. Grammatical acquisition and linguistic selection. Draft for Linguistic evolution through language acquisition: formal and computational models. Briscoe, Ted (2000). An evolutionary approach to (logistic-like) language change. Ms., University of Cambridge. Bybee, Joan (1994). A view of phonology from a cognitive and functional perspective. Cognitive Linguistics 5-4, 285-305. Bybee, Joan (2000). Mechanisms of change in grammaticization: the role of frequency. Ms., University of New Mexico. Bybee, Joan (2001). Phonology and Language Use. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bybee, Joan and Elly Pardo (1981). On lexical and morphological conditioning of alternations: a nonce-probe experiment with Spanish verbs. Linguistics 19, 937- 968. Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca (1991). Back to the future. In E.C. Traugott and B. Heine (eds), Approaches to Grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins and William Pagliuca (1994). The Evolution of Grammar: tense, aspect and modality in the languages of the world. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Chomsky, Noam (1981). Principles and parameters in syntactic theory. In N. Hornstein and D. Lightfoot (eds.), Explanation in linguistics: the logical problem of language acquisition. London: Longman. Clark, Robin and Ian Roberts (1993). A computational model of language learnability and language change. Linguistic Inquiry 24, 299-345. Daugherty, Kim and Mark Seidenberg (1994). Beyond rules and exceptions: a connectionist approach to inflectional morphology. In S. Lima, R. Corrigan, and G. Iverson (eds.), The Reality of Linguistic Rules. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Dras, Mark, K. David Harrison, and Berk Kapicioglu (2001). Agent-based simulation and micro-parametric variation: modeling the evolution of vowel harmony. Paper presented at the Northeast Linguistic Society 32, City University of New York and New York University. Eddington, David (1996). Diphthongization in Spanish derivational morphology: an empirical investigation. Hispanic Linguistics 8, 1-13. Embleton, Sheila (1986). Statistics in Historical Linguistics. Quantitative Linguistics 30. (monograph) Fontaine, Carmen (1985). Application de méthodes quantitatives en diachronie: l’inversion du sujet en français. M.A. thesis, Université du Québec à Montréal. Fowler, Carol and Jonathan Housum (1987). Talkers’ signaling of ‘new’ and ‘old’ words in speech and listeners’ perception and use of the distinction. Journal of Memory and Language 26, 489-504. Frisch, Stefan (1994). Reanalysis precedes syntactic change: evidence from Middle English. Studies in the Linguistic Sciences 24, 187-201. Greenberg, Joseph (1987). Language in the Americas. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Greenberg, Joseph and Merritt Ruhlen (1992). Linguistic origins of Native Americans. Scientific American 267, 94-99. Guy, Jacques (1980a). Experimental Glottochronology: basic methods and results. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australia National University. Guy, Jacques (1980b). Glottochronology Without Cognate Recognition. Canberra: Research School of Pacific Studies, Australia National University. Haiman, John. (1994). Ritualization and the development of language. In W. Pagliuca (ed.), Perspectives on Grammaticalization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 3-28. Hooper, Joan Bybee (1976). Word frequency in lexical diffusion and the source of morphophonological change. In W. Christie (ed.), Current progress in historical linguistics. Amsterdam: North Holland. Hopper, Paul and Elizabeth Closs Traugott (1993). Grammaticalization. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Hurford, James, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, and Chris Knight, eds. (1998). Approaches to the Evolution of Language: social and cognitive bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kessler, Brett (2001). The Significance of Word Lists. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. Kessler, Brett (1995). Computational dialectology in Irish Gaelic. In Sevent Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 60-66. Kirby, Simon (in press). Spontaneous evolution of linguistic structure: an iterated learning model of the emergence of regularity and irregularity. Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation on Evolutionary Computation and Cognitive Science. Kirby, Simon (1999). Function, Selection, and Innateness: the emergence of language universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Knight, Chris, Michael Studdert-Kennedy, and James Hurford (2000). The Evolutionary Emergence of Language: social function and the origins of linguistic form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kroch, Anthony (1989). Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language variation and change 1, 199-244. Labov, William (1994). Principles of Linguistic Change, Vol. 1: internal factors. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Labov, William (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change, Vol. 2: social factors. Malden, MA: Blackwell. Lightfoot, David (1991). How to Set Parameters: evidence from language change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Manaster Ramer, Alexis and Christopher Hitchcock (1996). Glass houses: Greenberg, Ringe, and the mathematics of comparative linguistics. Anthropological Linguistics 38, 601-619. Milroy, Lesley (1980). Language and Social Networks. Baltimore: University Park Press. Nerbonne, John and Wilbert Heeringa (to appear). Computational comparison and classification of dialects. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 9. Niyogi, Partha and Robert Berwick (1995). A dynamical systems model for language change. MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Memo No. 1515. Noble, Shawn (1985). To have and have got. Paper presented at NWAVE 14, Georgetown University. Oliveira e Silva, Giselle (1982). Estudo da regularidade na variação dos possessivos no português do Rio de Janeiro. Dissertation, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Osgood, Charles, and Thomas Sebeok (1954). Psycholinguistics: a survey of theory and research problems. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 49, 1-203. Oswalt, Robert (1970). The detection of remote linguistic relationships. Computer Studies in the Humanities and Verbal Behavior 3, 117-129. Phillips, Betty (1998). Word frequency and lexical diffusion in English stress shifts. In R. Hogg and L. van Bergen (eds.), Historical Linguistics 1995, Vol. 2: Germanic linguistics. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Phillips, Betty (2001). Lexical diffusion, lexical frequency, and lexical analysis. In J. Bybee and P. Hopper (eds.), Frequency and the Emergence of Linguistic Structure. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Pierrehumbert, Janet (2000). Exemplar dynamics: word frequency, lenition and contrast. In J. Bybee and P. Hopper (eds.), Frequency effects and emergent grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Pinker, Steven and Alan Prince (1994). Regular and Irregular Morphology and the Psychological Status of Rules of Grammar. In S. Lima, R. Corrigan, and G. Iverson (eds.), The Reality of Linguistic Rules. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Pintzuk, Susan (1995). Variation and change in Old English clause structure. Language Variation and Change 7, 229-260. Pollock, Jean-Yves (1989). Verb movement, UG, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20, 365-424. Richards, Norvin (1997). Leerdil Yuujmen bana Yanangarr (Old and New Lardil). MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 13. Ringe, Donald (1992). On Calculating the Factor of Chance in Language Comparison. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 82, Part 1. Roberts, Ian (1993). Agreement parameters and the development of the English modal auxiliaries. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 3, 21-58. Rumelhart, David and James McClelland (1986). “On Learning the Past Tenses of English Verbs.” In J. McClelland and the PDP Research Group (eds.), Parallel Distributed Processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, Vol. II: psychological and biological models. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Santorini, Beatrice (1993). The rate of phrase structure change in the history of Yiddish. Language Variation and Change 5, 257-283. Shanklin, Trevor (1990). The Grammar of Negation in Middle English. Dissertation, University of Southern California. Shi, Zhiqiang (1989). The grammaticalization of the particle le in Mandarin Chinese. Language Variation and Change 1, 99-114. Steels, Luc (2000). Language as a complex adaptive system. In M. Schoenauer (ed.), Proceedings of PPSN VI. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Suzuki, Keiichiro, Jessica Maye, and Kazutoshi Ohno (2000). On the productivity of the lexical stratification of Japanese. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Linguistic Society
Recommended publications
  • Problems in Assessing the Probability of Language Relatedness
    This is a draft paper, building the basic of a talk, presented at The 15th Annual Sergei Starostin Memorial Conference on Comparative-Historical Linguistics (Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow). Please cite the study as: List, J.-M. (2020): Problems in assessing the probability of language relatedness. Talk, presented at the The 15th Annual Sergei Starostin Memorial Conference on Comparative- Historical Linguistics (Institute for Oriental and Classical Studies, Higher School of Economics, Moscow). Draft available at https://lingulist.de/documents/papers/list-2020-proving-relatedness-draft.pdf Problems in Assessing the Probability of Language Relatedness Johann-Mattis List Whether or more languages are genetically related and form a language family whose members all developed from a common source is one of the most frequently debated questions in the field of historical linguistics. In order to avoid being stuck in qualitative arguments about details, scholars have repeatedly tried to establish formal approaches that would allow to assess language relatedness in quantitative or proba- bilistic frameworks. Up to now, however, none of the numerous approaches which have been made so far has been able to convince a critical number of scholars. In this study, I will discuss common problems underlying all current approaches. By empha- sizing that they all fail to provide sufficient estimates with respect to the validity of the test procedure, I will try outline common guidelines and tests that can help in the future development of quantitative approaches to the proof of language relatedness. 1 Introduction Unlike in biology, where it is generally assumed that life on earth has only developed one time in the history of the planet, with all living creatures ultimately going back to a common ancestor, linguists are far more hesitant in assuming that language developed only once, and that all languages spoken on earth go back to the same source.
    [Show full text]
  • Phonetic Comparison, Varieties, and Networks: Swadesh’S Influence Lives on Here Too
    Phonetic comparison, varieties, and networks: Swadesh’s influence lives on here too. Jennifer Sullivan and April McMahon, University of Edinburgh Outline of presentation 1) The perhaps unexpected relevance of Swadesh here 2) Small-scale comparison of methods measuring phonetic similarity among English/Germanic varieties 3) Implications of results for how we measure phonetic similarity in a synchronic context 4) Begin to tackle question of Chance Phonetic Similarity Swadesh’s Legacy Lexicon: Ubiquitous Phonetics: Papers on 100/200 word lists of basic English varieties and other vocabulary languages Measurement of Language Lexicostatistics and Distance Glottochronology equally (Lexicostatistics) applied by Swadesh to Varieties Threshold scores from these Estimation of dates of Language splits techniques for separating Languages from Varieties (Glottochronology) (Swadesh 1950, 1972) Swadesh’s Insights Swadesh did not quantify phonetic similarity in the manner of Lexicostatistics but interested in English variety vowel variability (1947) and explores isogloss tradition (1972: 16). “Mesh principle” (1972: 285-92) argues against ignoring dialect gradation and always assuming clear treelike splits. Broached the issue of chance in assessing whether languages were related or not. Lexicostatistics Cognacy Score 1,0 ‘Phonostatistics’ (within cognates) Phonetic identity score 1,0 Edit Distance (Whole phone) Graded phonetic measurements Phonetic feature methods Swadesh 100 list Swadesh 200 list Gmc Cognates only cold five brother eye four daughter foot ice eight heart mother holy horn right home long three nine mouth north one over two six white seven storm 30 word subset swear (McMahon et al 2005-07) ten word Phonetic comparison in Varieties 2 Languages: English, German (Hochdeutsch) 4 Varieties of English: Std American, RP, Std Scottish, Buckie Questions Convergence problem e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Time Depth in Historical Linguistics”, Edited by Colin Renfrew, April
    Time Depth 1 Review of “Time Depth in Historical Linguistics”, edited by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask Brett Kessler Washington University in St. Louis Brett Kessler Psychology Department Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1125 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130-4899 USA Email: [email protected] FAX: 1-314-935-7588 Time Depth 2 Review of “Time Depth in Historical Linguistics”, edited by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask Time depth in historical linguistics. Ed. by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask. (Papers in the prehistory of languages.) Cambridge, England: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2000. Distributed by Oxbow Books. 2 vol. (xiv, 681 p.) paperback, 50 GBP. http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/Publications/Time-depth.htm This is a collection of 27 papers, mostly presentations at a symposium held at the McDonald Institute in 1999. Contributions focus on two related issues: methods for establishing absolute chronology, and linguistic knowledge about the remote past. Most papers are restatements of the authors’ well-known theories, but many contain innovations, and some do describe new work. The ideological balance of the collection feels just left of center. We do not find here wild multilateral phantasms, reconstructions of Proto-World vocabulary, or idylls about pre-Indo-European matriarchal society. Or not much. These are mostly sober academics pushing the envelope in attempts to reason under extreme uncertainty. One of the recurrent themes was that the development of agriculture may drive the expansion of language families and therefore imply a date for the protolanguage. Colin Renfrew describes his idea that that is what happened in the case of Indo-European (IE): PIE was introduced into Europe at an early date, perhaps 8,000 BC.
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Lumping and Splitting: Probabilistic Issues in Historical Linguistics William H
    Beyond lumping and splitting: probabilistic issues in historical linguistics William H. Baxter Alexis Manaster Ramer Symposium on Time Depth in Historical Linguistics, 19–22 August 1999 McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge 1. Introduction Unlike synchronic linguists, who can ask their consultants for additional data and examples, historical linguists are, for the most part, stuck with the data we have. Only rarely are we able to add to the corpus of available texts, or find additional examples of a rare combination of phonemes. The problems of historical linguistics are thus inherently probabilistic: we must constantly decide whether perceived patterns in our data are significant or simply due to chance. Actually, this is true at any time depth; but the importance of probabilistic issues is especially clear when considering possible remote linguistic relationships. Unfortunately, the traditions of historical linguistics equip us poorly to handle these prob- abilistic issues. Our discipline had already achieved impressive scientific results in the nineteenth century, before modern significance-testing procedures were developed. Lacking reliable techniques for extracting maximal information from minimal data, and having plenty of other things to do, historical linguists have tended to focus on problems where meaningful results seemed assured, and have avoided investing time in riskier endeavours. Though the inherent interest and seductive appeal of the remote linguistic past are undeniable, pushing back the frontiers of time has generally not been a high priority for those actually working in historical linguistics. In this paper, we argue that the temporal reach of historical linguistics can probably be extended significantly in some cases, but only if the probabilistic issues are faced squarely, and new techniques of handling them are developed and widely understood.
    [Show full text]
  • Significance Testing of the Altaic Family
    Significance testing of the Altaic family Andrea Ceolin University of Pennsylvania Copyright: Diachronica 36:3 (2019), pp. 299–336 issn 0176-4225 | e-issn 1569-9714 © John Benjamins Publishing Company https://doi.org/10.1075/dia.17007.ceo The publisher should be contacted for permission to re-use or reprint this material Abstract Historical linguists have been debating for decades whether the classical comparative method provides sufficient evidence to consider Altaic languages as part of a single genetic unity, like Indo-European and Uralic, or whether the implicit statistical robustness behind regular sound correspondences is lacking in the case of Altaic. In this paper I run a significance test on Swadesh-lists representing Turkish, Mongolian and Manchu, to see if there are regular patterns of phonetic similarities or correspondences among word-initial phonemes in the basic vocabulary that cannot be expected to have arisen by chance. The methodology draws on Oswalt (1970), Ringe (1992, 1998), Baxter & Manaster Ramer (2000) and Kessler (2001, 2007). The results only partially point towards an Altaic family: Mongolian and Manchu show significant sound correspondences, while Turkish and Mongolian show some marginally significant phonological similarity, that might however be the consequence of areal contact. Crucially, Turkish and Manchu do not test positively under any condition.1 Keywords: comparative method, historical linguistics, Altaic, lexicostatistics, Swadesh lists, multilateral comparison 1 Introduction Traditional Altaicists (Ramstedt 1957; Poppe 1960, 1965; Menges 1975; Manaster Ramer & Sidwell 1997) and Nostraticists (Bomhard 1996, 2008, 2011; Dolgoposky 1986; Illič-Svityč 1971; Starostin 1991), and in particular Starostin et al. (2003), have argued that sound correspon- dences among Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic can be identified through a rigorous application of the classical comparative method.
    [Show full text]
  • Nostratic Dictionary by Aharon Dolgopolsky  Foreword
    Foreword Nostratic Dictionary by Aharon Dolgopolsky Foreword To the blessed memory of the great scholars and my dear friends Vladislav Illich-Svitych (1934–1966) and Sergey Starostin (1953–2005) Foreword Foreword Aharon Dolgopolsky This dictionary is a preliminary one. Critical extent. The same applies to the Encyclopedia of remarks of scholars and further research will bring Indo-European Culture, edited by J.P. Mallory & about modifications and more exact etymologies. D.Q. Adams (L./Chic. 1997), which is extremely Therefore I appeal to my colleagues and experts in valuable for its lexical and grammatical entries different fields of comparative linguistics to submit (which are not connected with Mallory”s their critical remarks (both in their papers and in incorrect conception about the homeland personal messages) that will be helpful in checking and early migrations of the Indo-Europeans and improving the etymologies. [Gimbutas”s theory of Ponto-Caspian steppes Today the pace of development in our field of as the homeland that is at variance with obvious science is rapid; therefore at the very moment of linguistic facts: cf. AD IEH, AD CCIE and AD its publication this dictionary (like any other study MAIEH; on the archaeological aspects of the of this kind) is already out of date. Thus is due to problem see Rnf. AL]). The second volume several reasons: of Indo-European and its Closest Relatives by J. 1. Some extremely important studies in etymology Greenberg reached me in July 2002, when the are still in preparation or in print. The recently text of my dictionary was ready.
    [Show full text]
  • Karenic Language Relationships
    DEPT OF LINGUISTICS, PAYAP UNIVERSITY August 2003 Karenic Language Relationships A Lexical and Phonological Analysis Ken Manson TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................. I LANGUAGE ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................ II 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: AN OVERVIEW ............................................................... 2 1.2 PREVIOUS STUDIES .......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 GENETIC TREES ................................................................................................................ 4 2 LEXICAL RELATEDNESS ANALYSIS.................................................................................. 7 2.1 LEXICAL SIMILARITY......................................................................................................... 7 2.2 THE RESULTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATION............................................................... 8 3 PHONOLOGICAL RELATEDNESS ANALYSIS.................................................................. 11 3.1 DETERMINING THE NUMBER OF WORD FORMS TO COMPARE............................... 11 3.2 CALCULATING THE DEGREE OF CHANGE .................................................................. 12 3.3 THE ALGORITHM
    [Show full text]
  • NOSTRATIC and ALTAIC ALEXANDER VOVIN Uпiversity О
    NOSTRATIC AND ALTAIC ALEXANDER VOVIN Uпiversity о/ Hawai'i at Мапоа, Hoпolulu Since the first volume of Шiсh-Svityсh's "Opyt sravneniia nostratichekikh iazykov [An attemptto compare Nostratic languages]" appeared in 1971, it has continuously Ьееn greeted with criticism (Clauson 1973, Andronov 1982, Serebrennikov 1982, Shcherbak 1984, Vine 1991). The only positive eva1uation of the Nostratic theory coming from outside of Nostratic сатр seems to belong to Manaster Ramer (1993, 1994). Despite the fact, demonstratedin the negative reviews, that тanу of the etymologies proposed Ьу Шiсh-Svitусh сan ье dismissed, the task of eva1uatingthe Nostratic theory in genera1remains largely unaccomplished (Manaster Ramer 1994:157). Тhe goa1 of this article is three-fold: first, 1 intend to demonstrate that Nostratic theory cannot ье dismissed out of hand Ьу а responsible historica1 linguist as something not being worthy further discussion; second, that much remains to ье done within the Nostratic macrofarnily, particularly in the area of assessment of its intema1 structure and classification, and third, as the title shows, 1intend to investigate whether Altaic should ье included in Nostratic or not. 1will investigate in this article the intепеlаtiоnshiрs of three members of the Nostratic farnily: Altaic, Indo-European,and Uralic. Тhe choice of Altaic is due to the fact that ту linguistic interests are connectedmostly with the Altaic farnily, especia11ywith its Eastern members: Japanese, Korean, and Manchu-Tungusic. Besides, 1 have some knowledge of Indo-European and more of Ura1ic. These three branches of Nostratic, as proposed Ьу Шich-Svitусh, cover the Northern area of Eurasia. Meanwhile, ту expertise in three "Southern" Nostratic branches: Afroasiatic, Kartvelian, and Dravidian is pretty much close to zero, and that naturally 100 те to limiting ту "base of operation" to the first three branches оnlу, with ту emphasis being оп interrelationshipbetween Nostratic and Altaic.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo-European, Nostratic, and Beyond: Festschrift Für Vitalij V Shevoroshkin
    Prikazi knjiga FILOLOGIJ A 32 (1999), 207-230 Indo-European, Nostratic, and Beyond: Festschrift für Vitalij V Shevoroshkin. Editors Iren Hegedus, Peter A. Michalove and Alexis Manaster Ramer. - Washington : Institute for the Study ofMan, 1997. - viii, 348 str. - (Journal oflndo-European Studies Monograph, 22) . Vitalij V. Sevoroskin poceo je svoje bavljenje jezikoslovljern pedesetih go­ dina hetoluvijskirn jezicirna, sezdesetih je dao snazan prodor u desifriranju karijskoga jezika kao jednoga od njih1, 1974. emigrirao je iz Sovjetskoga Sa­ veza (pa su godinarna njegovi öanci, po tarnosnjern ondasnjern "obicaju", bili zanernarivani i presuCivani), i preko Evrope dosao je konaeno 1977. na Sve­ uCiliSte u Michiganu. Jedno od podrucja kojirn se bavi jesu, kako to istieu u­ rednici u predgovoru, »uzbudujuce nove zarnisli u povijesnorn jezikoslov­ Iju«, pa je bio velik pobornik Arona Dolgopolskoga (Dolgopol'skij, Dolgopol­ sky) i Vladislava M. illic-Svityca - dao je i svoj doprinos i za nostratiCki pra­ jezik i za veze nostratiCkoga s inirn prajezicima takve jezicnovrernenske dubi­ ne2. Kako pisu urednici u predgovoru zbornika, Sevoroskin se u posljednje vrijerne vraca i podrucjirna kojirna se bavio u sezdesetirn godinarna: karij­ skorn jeziku i anatolijskirn jezicima3. Povodorn Sevoroskinova sezdesetpe­ toga rodendana, Iren Hegediis, Peter A. Michalove i Alexis Manaster Rarner sabrali su taj zbornik, s dvadeset i tri zanirnljiva öanka s razliCitih podrucja poredbenoga jezikoslovlja. Dan je i izborni pregled Sevoroskinovih radova od 1957. naovarno. U radu »Beating a goddess out of the bush« (1-8) Rairno Anttila, polazeCi od toga da supletivnost ukazuje na duboku starost osnovnoga rjecnika, po­ kazuje neke odraze indoevropskoga korijena *gWhe:n- 'udariti, ubiti' i rneta­ 1 Knjiga Issledavanija po desifravke karijskih nadpisej nezaobilazna j~ za istrazivanje novih hetoluvijskih jezika.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of Indo-European Studies MONOGRAPH SERIES
    The Journal of Indo-European Studies MONOGRAPH SERIES Visit our web site http://www.jies.org for a complete index of Journal articles published since 1973 Proto Indo European: The Archaeology of a Linguistic Problem Studies in Honor of Marija Gimbutas Monograph No. 001: Edited by Susan Nacev Skomal and Edgar C. Polomé A. Richard Diebold, Jr.: Linguistic Ways to Prehistory; Winfred P. Lehmann: Linguistic and Archaeological Data for Handbooks of Proto-Languages; János Nemeskéri and László Szathmáry: An Anthropological Evaluation of the IE Problem; Nikolai Ja. Merpert: Ethnocultural Change in the Balkans in the Eneolithic; Sándor Bökönyi: Horses and Sheep in the Copper and Bronze Ages; Homer L. Thomas: The Indo-Europeans—Some Historical and Theoretical Considerations; János Makkay: The Linear Pottery and the Early Indo- Europeans; Eric P. Hamp: The Pig in Ancient Northern Europe; Ralph M. Rowlett: Grave Wealth in the Horodenka Group; Christopher Hawkes: Archaeologists and Indo- Europeanists—Can They Mate?; Edgar C. Polomé: Who are the Germanic People?; Gregory Nagy: The IE Heritage of Tribal Organization—Evidence from the Greek polis; Bruce Lincoln: On the Scythian Royal Burials; Calvert Watkins: Linguistic and Archaeological Light on Some Homeric Formulas; T.L. Markey: Morning, Evening, and the Twilight Between; Wolfgang P. Schmidt: ‘Indo-European’—’Old European’; Colin Renfrew: Old Europe or Ancient Near East? Clay Cylinders of Sitagroi; Edgar C. Polomé: Marija Gimbutas, A Biographical Sketch. ISBN 0-941694-29-1 1987 (1994), Pages 400, Paperback with illustrations: $98.00 Indo-European Origins: The Anthropological Evidence Monograph No. 002: By John V. Day A comprehensive survey of the evidence from biological anthropology for Indo-European origins, based on the author’s Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Burushaski–Indo-European Hypothesis by I. Čašule*
    John D. Bengtson Association for the Study of Language in Prehistory and Evolution of Human Language Project Václav Blažek Masaryk University On the Burushaski–Indo-European hypothesis by I. Čašule* The paper deals with a relatively recent hypothesis, put forward by the scholar I. Čašule, ac- cording to which the Burushaski language, traditionally considered an isolate, actually be- longs to the Indo-European linguistic stock. The authors approach Čašule’s hypothesis from the comparative side, evaluating phonological, morphological, and lexical arguments in its favour side by side with the corresponding arguments in favour of the Dene-Caucasian hy- pothesis, according to which Burushaski forms a separate one-language branch of the vast macrofamily that also includes Na-Dene, Sino-Tibetan, North Caucasian, Basque, and Yeniseian languages. It is concluded that arguments for the Dene-Caucasian status of Burushaski quantita- tively override the Indo-European-Burushaski hypothesis by a very large margin; suggested Indo-European connections are either highly unsystematic (when it comes to phonetic corre- spondences), sporadic and insufficient (in morphology), or practically non-existent (in basic lexicon). Consequently, all of the resemblances between Indo-European and Burushaski must be ascribed to (a) recent contacts between Burushaski and Indo-Aryan languages, (b) chance resemblances, or (c) in a very small number of cases, traces of «ultra-deep» rela- tionship that do not represent exclusively «Indo-European-Burushaski» connections. Keywords: Indo-European linguistics, Burushaski language, macrocomparative linguistics, Dene-Caucasian macrofamily, language isolates. Over the last two decades, Ilija Čašule has published a monograph (Čašule 1998) and an article (Čašule 2003) in which he attempts to show that the Burushaski language — traditionally con- sidered an isolate — is a member of the Indo-European language family.
    [Show full text]
  • The Glottalic Theory of Proto-Indo-European Consonantism and Its Implications for Nostratic Sound Correspondences
    The Glottalic Theory of Proto-Indo-European Consonantism and Its Implications for Nostratic Sound Correspondences Allan R. Bomhard Charleston, SC, USA 1. Historical Background In 1903, the Danish linguist Holger Pedersen was the first to observe that certain languages/language families of Europe, Northern and Eastern Africa, the ancient Near East (including the Caucasus Mountains), Northern Eurasia, and India might be genetically related. Though he never published a systematic account of his views, he did make the following remarks (1931:335—338): The question of the relationship among the Indo-European and foreign families of languages came up in the first period of comparative linguistics. Relationship between Semitic and Indo-European was asserted by Rudolf von Raumer, beginning in 1863, and by Ascoli from 1864 on. But convincing proof could not be expected at that time. Resemblances in the morphology of the two families are extremely few, and proof by means of vocabulary and the laws of sounds was not then understood. Schleicher denied most positively any relationship between the two, pointing to the great dissimilarity in the forms of the roots: in Semitic the roots consist of three syllables of very simple and uniform structure, as in Arabic "atala (root form and preterite of the verb ‘to kill’), while in Indo-European the roots are monosyllabic and of widely varying — partly heavily compounded — form, as in Latin ī-re ‘to go,’ stā-re ‘to stand,’ lub-et ‘it pleases,’ vert-ō ‘I turn,’ ed-ō ‘I eat,’ and so on. At that time nobody could weaken this argument. And it might have been added, although Schleicher did not do so, that the phonetic systems of the two language families are extremely different, as may be seen from a single example: in Semitic there is an abundance of gutturals, whereas in Indo-European there is not one, not even the (to us) ordinary h.
    [Show full text]