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Marine Fisheries Information Service ISSN 02'i4-3aCl X MARINE FISHERIES ICAR INFORMATION SERVICE No. 159 JANUARY, FEBRUARY, MARCH 1999 WS^ MllrWcbl T^R] ^: W^^ H\\h^<£\ ^T OTSJlRcT OT^STH MRU||H1 ^ ^Smt^, iRRW :3?M >3ft7 HcW The Marine Fisheries Information Service : Technical and Extension Series envisages dissemination of information on marine fishery resources based on research results to the planners, industry and fish farmers, and transfer of technology from laboratory to field. v. Abbreviation - Mar. Fish. InJor. Seru., T&E Ser., No. 159 : January, February, March 1999 CONTENTS >3TcTcf^ Acticle Article title Pages No. 893 Crafts and gear used for marine fishing along the Andhra Pradesh coast 1 894 Mangrove ecosystems of Minicoy Island, Lakshadweep 8 895 On the mass production of rotifer with different combination of fertilizers 11 896 On the occurrence of giant male and female groupers with a note on sex change in groupers 13 897 Observation on spawning in captivity of the clown fish, Amphiprion chrysogaster 16 898 On the stranding of a rare marine dolphin at Vizhinjam 18 899 On the stranding of sea cow at Alagankalam along the Palk Bay and CMFRI jetty along the Gulf of Mannar coast 19 900 On a bottle-nose dolphin stranded at Kovalam in Kerala 19 901 On the stranding of a whale at Mannalamkunnu, Trichur district Kerala 20 902 Abnormal asteroids from the seas around India , ,21 893 vJRnTT%§T rT? ^ W^ HrWH c^f^ viMillM f^ ^l-^cll<rl ^FT c^ HHR 23 894 P^Pichlii ^ ^ #nk qjf^ 29 895 3^^ c^ f^li^ M^-i ^ ^tf^^ ^ ^ ^3cqKn 30 896 'i^H\<b\i ^ >3f(T iTM cS^M>3ff ^ OTfeffrf «3fk f^ ^lU^-i 31 897 m^V^ ^ cftTR ^WS^ ^W^^ 3ilft%f!)il]^ m^WRJ cJ^T '3TS^?FFT 34 898 f^#JPT A "^ -3^ W^ srteTW CRT ^HH 35 899 qicp ^uir q7 >jr^Fpfcgc?FT Jt afR ^Ym mi\ w^ ^^i ^ m^^ ^sw^ ^\ ^- w^ '^. ^ m^. 36 900 =^ ^ ct^'lclrriH ffz CTf ^FfT Trqr TTC^ ertf^?[ ^ ^ll^FT 36 901 c^ cf^ f^ f^MI cB iRrFi^ 55t iT^i TTTj cCT tJTR -. 3"^ 902 ^TRTT C^ W^. H 5fT^ 3F7T£IFnT ffRTiTh' ('-^^l^^^H) 37 Front cover photo : Sepiella inermis egg depositicri. xmoer captive conditions for ti; time in the Tviticorin hatcb^-} • 893 CRAFTS AND GEAR USED FOR SAARINE FISHING ALONG THE ANDHRA PRADESH COAST V.S.K. Chennubhotla, C.V. Seshagiri Rao, K. Chittibabu and T. Nageswara Rao Visakhapatnam Research Centre ofCMFRI, Visakhapatnam - 530 003, India Until the middle of nineteen sixties fishing Dhoni (Shoedhoni): This is a peculiar crAft for marine finfishes and shellfishes along the made of teak wood planks and is shoe shaped Andhra Pradesh coast used to be carried out with wide flat forward, short stern and bow sec­ employing indigenous non-mechanised crafts. tion strongly flared. Small keel is fitted in the Subsequently trawlers and later mechanised fore front. The dhoni measures 7.60 m, in vessels operating gillnets came into use which length. It is propelled by paddling or pushed by resulted in the increased fish production. Use long bamboos or sail. These crafts are operated of outboard engine on indigenous crafts for only at Kaklnada Bay with stake nets. reaching fishing grounds is a recent feature of near the coast fishing. The different kinds of Mechanised crafts non-mechanised and mechanised crafts and Mara nava (Mechanised Kakinada nava) gear employed in the region are dealt with in (Fig. 1): These are teak wood navas fitted with this article. 10 H.P inboard engine which can steer the craft Non-mechanised crafts ip the forward direction only. There is no rud­ der in this motorised nava but a lengthy oar is Theppa (Catamaran): It is a simple type used as rudder to change the direction of the of craft consisting of three to five wooden logs boat. A suitable metal propeller is fitted to the tied together firmly with hemp rope near the stern portion to propel the nava. A mast and front and back ends. The size of the theppa var­ sail are provided in these navas as reserves and ies from 4.2 to 7.6 m. Theppas are the most are put to use in emergency. The navas con­ suitable craft for the Andhra coast where there duct fishing using synthetic drift gillnets. is strong wave action. The theppas are oper­ ated with oars and sail. Drift gillnets, bottom 0«r IB chonf* th* set gillnets, disco nets, boat seines and hooks dirtetien Engln* in Ingidt and line are operated from this craft. •r wo»4*n cabin Nava/Kakinada nava (Plank built non- mechanised boat): This Is a wide wooden boat built using wooden planks and strengthened with wooden frame or ribs. It is a flat bottomed boat. The common Nava measures 9.45 m, in *PR0PEL10R length, beam 2.10 m. and draught 0.85 m. These crafts are operated with oars and sail in the open Fig. 1. Mara Nava (Mechanised Kaklnada nava). and far off waters. Drift gillnets and bottom set gillnets are operated from these crafts. Mara Padava (Mechanised fibre • glass Padava/Kuttupadava (Masula boat): boat) (Fig. 2): These are built with synthetic fibre- These are wooden boats built with light wooden glass material, have flat bottom and are fitted planks without frame or ribs. The planks of the with 10 H.P inboard diesel engine. The length boat are tied together with rope. The boats which of the boat is 8.45 m, beam 2.27 m, depth 0.828 can withstand heavy waves are 3- 12m in length m, and draught 0.45 m, and has a gross ton- and are operated in inshore waters using oars. nage of 2.5 t. There is no gear system to re­ Shore seines and gillnets are operated with these verse the boat. A mast and sail are provided in crafts. this craft as reserves and used if the engine fails. The boats use synthetic drift gillnets for fishing. carry ice in the fish hold to keep the catch fresh. These crafts are manned by four fishermen. The They are provided with engines of sufficient boat does not require any jetty or wharf facili­ power to tow the net at the appropriate trawl­ ties to land. ing speed and are fitted with trawl winches and equipment necessary to haul the net onboard Mara theppa (Mechanised fibre- glass and lift the cod-end of the net over the deck. theppa/Mechanised fibre- glass catamaran): These are theppas or catamarans fitted with 6.5 Royya and Sorrah boats conduct voyage H.P. outboard engine to conduct fishing at dis­ fishing lasting 3-5 days whereas Sona boats go tant fishing grounds using different meshed syn­ for 10-12 days. Good quantities offish, prawns, thetic drift gillnets. The crafts are built with cephalopods and crabs are caught by these boats fibre- glass. The length of the craft is 8.50 m, using shrimp trawlnets. These are generally op­ width, 1.85 m, width at the engine fitting place erated along the Andhra coast and fish in the 0.80 m. width in the front of the craft 0.30 m, depths ranging 10-70 m. and depth offish hold 0.90 m. These fibre- glass theppas (fibre - glass catamarans) are operated Mini trawlers : These are mini trawlers throughout the year. made of wood and the overall length is 16 m, breadth 5.08 m, and draught 2.15 m, fitted with • nMIIM I«*1M ,mh.Mi> an engine of 145 H.P. They do not have freez­ KAKINADA NAVA ) ing facility. They carry ice in the fish hold and store the catch in ice. They can stay for 10-15 days during voyage fishing. The vessels oper­ ate two identical shrimp trawl nets simultane­ ously from the outriggers on both sides of the boat for prawns. A good quantity of fish and cephalopods are also caught. These are gener­ ally operated between Pentakota in the south of Visakhapatnam and Sunderbans in the north including the vast area of Sandheads. These vessels generally fish in the depth range of 40- 80 m. Fig. 2. Mara Padava (mechanised fibre - glass boat). Big trawlers / Large trawlers : These are Gillnetter: The mechanised gillnetters are steel trawlers with an OAL of 23.19 m, breadth wooden pablo type boats of 9 m, in length and 7.33 m, and draught 3.08 m, fitted with 380 fitted with inboard engine. They are operated in H.P. diesel engine. The vessels are provided with deeper and distant fishing grounds to catch sophisticated fishing and navigational equip­ quality fishes. These gillnetters use synthetic ments. They have freezing facility onboard the drift gillnets of larger meshes. vessels and can stay at the sea for 18-28 days during voyage fishing. They operate two identi­ Royya boat, Sorrah boat and Sana boat cal shirmp trawls simultaneously from outrig­ (small mechanised boats) : These are wooden gers on both sides of the vessel. They conduct boats which operate shrimp trawls. The Royya fishing for about 15-20 hours daily with a du­ boat is 9.6 m, in length, beam 2.9 m, draught ration of 6 hours per haul. These vessels con­ 1.07 m, and is fitted with an engine of 63-68 duct aimed trawling for penaeid prawns. How­ H.P. The length of Sorrah boat is 11.2 m, beam ever, a good quantity of fish and cephalopods 3.2 m, and draught 1.25 m, with an engine of are also caught. These vessels are operated be­ 68-93 H.P.
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