DOCSLIB.ORG

Lownes Johnny Joãozinho Reb FINAL DISSERTATION MANUSCRIPT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

“Johnny ‘Joãozinho’ Reb: The Creation and Evolution of Confederate Identity in Brazil” Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven Phillip Lownes, M.A. Spanish, M.A. Public Policy and Management Graduate Program in Spanish & Portuguese The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee Pedro Pereira, Advisor Rebecca Haidt Eugenia Romero 1 Copyrighted by Steven Phillip Lownes 2018 2 Abstract “Johnny Joãozinho Reb: The Creation and Evolution of Confederate Identity in Brazil” traces the cultural history of a group of Confederate émigrés, now known as Os Confederados, that moved to Brazil after the Civil War to start a series of Confederate colonies in the land of the Southern Cross. While many of the emigrants returned to the United States after unsuccessfully attempting “pioneer” life in one of the last slave- holding societies in the western world, the few Confederates that remained joined together in an area near Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, São Paulo. In Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, they added new agricultural techniques and technology to the economy, and created educational reforms based upon their protestant religion, which impacted the country for years after. In the dissertation, I explore the impact that Confederate ideologies have had on the development of identity characteristics of the Confederados, and how these identity markers manifest themselves during various points over the course of more than 150 years. Due to the twenty-first century Confederados’ denial that their ancestors were racist and that they came to Brazil due to the existence of slavery, I explore the validity of these claims by analyzing the role of intercultural and interracial relations throughout the history of the Confederate community in Brazil. I use the case study of the Confederados to explore similar processes in the United States and Brazil in their denial of racism and ii the way that this denial has manifested itself in different ways. Building on historian Jeffrey Lesser’s work on immigrant communities in Brazil and Patrick Hogan’s cognitive identity research on nationalism, I identify strategies and choices that have helped a small group of immigrant descendants to curate and recreate a Confederate sub-identity that at times contrasts with the dominant Brazilian identity, while referencing and performing for Confederate descendants in the U.S. South. I begin the exploration in chapter 2 by reviewing the history in both the United States and Brazil that led to thousands of ex-Confederates to move to Brazil. In this chapter, I analyze two Confederate scouts’ narratives as they explore the possibility of emigrating. In chapter 3, I use two female Confederate émigrés’ narratives to understand the trials and tribulations of the first-generation Confederates in the land of the Southern Cross. In these two chapter, I investigate the role of community-building and the desire of the first-generation to recreate an Old South economy and society in Brazil, and how this idea inevitably failed. In chapter 4, I begin to look at the twentieth and twenty-first century Confederados through the definitive history of Confederate migration written by Judith MacKnight Jones, a descendant. Throughout her book, we see the way that the Confederate community developed in Santa Bárbara d’Oeste and how the community began to dissolve due to opportunities presenting themselves outside of the region. In this same chapter, I analyze the way that the Confederados come together to perform Confederate identity during the Festa Confederada, an annual party and fundraiser. In the final chapter, I review physical and digital presences of Confederado identity in the presentation of themselves to the outside world. iii Dedication To Adrienne and Sam without whose love this project would have never been possible. iv Acknowledgments I first wish to acknowledge the contributions that my advisor Dr. Pedro Pereira has provided me during this process. Starting with the first class I took with him on Pensadores Ibéricos, he has motivated me to add the Lusophone world to my research and professional interests, which has without a doubt changed my life. His encouragement and friendship have helped me get through a very difficult task while working the entire time while I wrote. Thank you, Pedro, for not giving up on me. I also would like to personally thank Dr. Rebecca Haidt and Dr. Eugenia Romero for encouraging me during my time at Ohio State and after. Y’all were wonderful professors, and this project would not have been possible without y’all’s assistance as second readers. Also, I wish to give a huge thank you to all of my wonderful professors that I had at Ohio State including Dr. Stephen Summerhill, Dr. Ana del Sarto, Dr. Rob Robison, Dr. Guisela Latorre, Dr. Lúcia Costigan, and the late Dr. Samuel Amell. Second, I would like to recognize all of the wonderful professors and colleagues that touched my life at the University of South Carolina. While all of you have been inspirational and helped me in so many different ways, I would be remiss without specifically thanking Dr. María Cristina Mabrey at the University of South Carolina. You were my first advisor and you encouraged me constantly to work towards the Ph.D. Without your initial guidance, friendship, and support this would have not been possible. v I would also like to thank Dr. Maria Angelica Lopes, who was my very first Portuguese professor and was the first person to tell me about the existence of Os Confederados. To Dr. David Hill, I honestly do not think my life would have taken so many interesting turns without your guidance and modeling. You helped me realize that Spanish and Portuguese could be part of a bigger journey, allowing me to help people. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Isis Sadek, formerly of the University of South Carolina. Without your encouragement and friendship, again, this would not be possible. To my colleagues at the Latin American and Caribbean Studies Institute at the University of Georgia, I am truly indebted to your kindness and encouragement as well. I especially wish to thank Dr. Richard Gordon, Dr. Robert Moser, Dr. Frans Weiser, Dr. Cecilia Rodrigues, and Kathleen Schmaltz. Without the opportunities that I had at LACSI, the research trip to Brazil would have never been possible. To my friends in Ohio, South Carolina, Georgia, and elsewhere, thank you. There are too many of you to list, but I need to especially recognize Dennis Ming Nichols, who accompanied me on the trip to Santa Bárbara d’Oeste and Jessica Rutherford, who provided me with feedback and a sounding board. To Dave McLaughlin, Samuel Cruz, Laura Navarro Morón, Paij Lintz, Carmelo Bazaco, Omar Salinas, Patricia Arroyo Calderón, Karen Laponzo, Araceli Hernandez-Laroche, María Francisco Montesó, George Williams, Dave Marlow, Laura Barbas Rhoden, Brant Bynum, Rachel Ward, Jonathan Baillehache, Alejandra Calva, Alicia Mercado Harvey, Julie Cook, Jeff Tudgay, Andrew Shipes, Alissa Ritzo, Chris Duncan, Leah Lindsey, and so many more, thank you vi for your friendship, constant encouragement, and allowing me to complain and whine when I needed to. Finally, to my family, I owe everything to you. To my parents (Mark and Mary Lownes), my in-laws (Danny and Becky Smith; Patrick and Jodi Smith; Mark, Emily, Grady, and Murray Miller; Lauren and Matthew Silver), and most especially my wife and son (Adrienne and Sam), y’all make life worth living and I’m so happy to be part of y’all’s lives. Nothing I am or will be matters without your love and support. Thank you! vii Vita 2005…………………………………………..B.A. Spanish, University of South Carolina 2007………………………………………….M.A. Spanish, University of South Carolina 2013………………………………………….M.A. Public Policy and Management, The Ohio State University 2013-2014…………………………………….Instructor of Spanish, University of South Carolina, Upstate 2014-2017……………………………………..Assistant Director of Latin American Studies, University of Georgia Fields of Study Major Field: Spanish & Portuguese Primary Concentration: Iberian Studies Secondary Concentration: Studies of the Portuguese-Speaking World viii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication………………………………………………………………………………...iv Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... v Vita ................................................................................................................................ viiiiii Chapter 1. Introduction: Confederates, From South Carolina, USA to Santa Bárbara d’Oeste, Brazil…………………………………………………………………………….1 Chapter 2. Johnny Reb Scouting a Home in Brazil: Community Inclusion, Exclusion, and Southern Greatness………………………………………………………………………32 The "South" Looks South, Brazil Looks North, and Race-Relations as the Cause............36 Inherited Immigrant Status, Emigration Societies, and Social Identity Theory ............... 46 Dunn: The Case for Emigration, Southern Greatness, and Yankee Condemnation ......... 53 Gaston: Community Building, Opening In-group Definitions, and two Brazils ............... 79 The Implementation Phase: Successes and Failures ...................................................... 108 Chapter 3. Jane Reb's Writings on Setting up a Home Abroad: The Dichotomy of Southern and Confederate Identities ..............................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Gender Roles Brazilian Immigrant Families in the U.S

    Gender Roles Brazilian Immigrant Families in the U.S

    The New Americans Recent Immigration and American Society Edited by Carola Suárez-Orozco and Marcelo Suárez-Orozco A Series from LFB Scholarly This page intentionally left blank Changing Gender Roles Brazilian Immigrant Families in the U.S. Sylvia Duarte Dantas DeBiaggi LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC New York 2002 Copyright © 2002 by LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data DeBiaggi, Sylvia Duarte Dantas. Changing gender roles : recent immigration and American society / DeBiaggi, Sylvia Duarte Dantas ; edited by Carola Suarez-Orozco and Marcelo Suarez-Orozco. p. cm. -- (The new Americans) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-931202-19-2 (acid-free paper) 1. Brazilian Americans--Social conditions. 2. Brazilian Americans--Ethnic identity. 3. Immigrants--United States--Social conditions. 4. Husbands--United States--Social conditions. 5. Wives--United States--Social conditions. 6. Family--United States. 7. Sex role--United States. 8. Man-woman relationships--United States. I. Title. II. New Americans (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC) E184.B68 D43 2001 305.86'98073--dc21 2001005074 ISBN 1-931202-19-2 Printed on acid-free 250-year-life paper. Manufactured in the United States of America. Table of Contents Introduction 1 Chapter 1:Brazilian Emigration 7 Characteristics of Brazilian Immigrants 10 Studies about Brazilians in the U.S 13 Reasons for Immigrating 18 Chapter 2: Acculturation 23 Chapter 3: Gender Roles 39 Gender Roles: A Historical Review 41 Gender Roles: Division
  • Transnational Migrant Brazilian Women in “Pink Collar Jobs” in The

    Transnational Migrant Brazilian Women in “Pink Collar Jobs” in The

    © COPYRIGHT by Lucilia V. Tremura 2011 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DEDICATION To Ricardo, My Dear Son TRANSNATIONAL MIGRANT BRAZILIAN WOMEN IN “PINK COLLAR JOBS” IN THE GREATER WASHINGTON D.C. AREA BY Lucilia V. Tremura ABSTRACT The study of transnational migrant Brazilian women in “pink collar jobs” in the Greater Washington D.C. metropolitan area comprises thirty-four Brazilian women who chose the United States as their place to be called home. It is termed transnational because of the permanent ties connecting these women to their country of origin, Brazil, and their country of adoption, the United States. The expression “pink collar jobs” indicates low paid jobs, mainly performed by women, no expertise necessary, in the service sector. The Washington D.C. metropolitan area has become a new destination for immigrants with a large concentration of Latin Americans. Brazilian presence is among these diverse groups of immigrants, with an increasing participation on the market. This research focuses on transnational migration in women‟s context, with all the nuances that involve the process of migration and incorporation into the labor market. Three research questions explore the topic: ii 1. Why do Brazilian women engage in transnational migration from Brazil to the United States? 1. a. How do social networks affect their transnational migration? 2. How do the social construction of gender and ethnicity influence the occupational choices of this group of Brazilian women, in light of their backgrounds and the job perspectives they anticipated? 3. In what ways do pink collar jobs shape their identity, social interaction and job satisfaction? The answers to these questions delineate the main characteristics, aspirations and satisfactions of these migrant workers as they embrace the United States as their new home.
  • Immigration Discourses in the U.S. and in Japan Chie Torigoe

    Immigration Discourses in the U.S. and in Japan Chie Torigoe

    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Communication ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2011 Immigration Discourses in the U.S. and in Japan Chie Torigoe Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds Recommended Citation Torigoe, Chie. "Immigration Discourses in the U.S. and in Japan." (2011). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cj_etds/25 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Communication ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i IMMIGRATION DISCOURSES IN THE U.S. AND IN JAPA by CHIE TORIGOE B.A., Linguistics, Seinan Gakuin University, 2003 M.A., Communication Studies, Seinan Gakuin University, 2005 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Communication The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July, 2011 ii DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to the memory of Dr. Tadasu Todd Imahori, a passionate scholar, educator, and mentor who encouraged me to pursue this path. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to those who made this challenging journey possible, memorable and even enjoyable. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Mary Jane Collier. Mary Jane, without your constant guidance and positive support, I could not make it this far. Throughout this journey, you have been an amazing mentor to me. Your intelligence, keen insight and passion have always inspired me, and your warm, nurturing nature and patience helped me get through stressful times.
  • Barthé, Darryl G. Jr.Pdf

    Barthé, Darryl G. Jr.Pdf

    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Becoming American in Creole New Orleans: Family, Community, Labor and Schooling, 1896-1949 Darryl G. Barthé, Jr. Doctorate of Philosophy in History University of Sussex Submitted May 2015 University of Sussex Darryl G. Barthé, Jr. (Doctorate of Philosophy in History) Becoming American in Creole New Orleans: Family, Community, Labor and Schooling, 1896-1949 Summary: The Louisiana Creole community in New Orleans went through profound changes in the first half of the 20th-century. This work examines Creole ethnic identity, focusing particularly on the transition from Creole to American. In "becoming American," Creoles adapted to a binary, racialized caste system prevalent in the Jim Crow American South (and transformed from a primarily Francophone/Creolophone community (where a tripartite although permissive caste system long existed) to a primarily Anglophone community (marked by stricter black-white binaries). These adaptations and transformations were facilitated through Creole participation in fraternal societies, the organized labor movement and public and parochial schools that provided English-only instruction.
  • Universities and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Brazil: Examining Patterns by Race and Gender

    Universities and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Brazil: Examining Patterns by Race and Gender

    Journal of Economics, Race, and Policy https://doi.org/10.1007/s41996-019-00033-1 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Universities and Intergenerational Social Mobility in Brazil: Examining Patterns by Race and Gender Suzanne Duryea1 & Luísa Baptista de Freitas1 & Luana Marques-Garcia Ozemela 1 & Breno Sampaio2 & Gustavo R. Sampaio2 & Giuseppe Trevisan3 Received: 16 October 2018 /Revised: 8 April 2019 /Accepted: 14 May 2019 # The Author(s) 2019 Abstract This paper analyzes social mobility as realized by students of a high-quality public flagship university in Brazil, the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), and compares with mobility at US institutions, applying the methodology of Chetty et al. (2017). Intergenerational income mobility is analyzed using the family income of students matriculating to UFPE in 2005–2006 and individual earnings 12–13 years later. Upward mobility is defined as the percentage of students who attain the highest quintile of individual earnings among those who matriculated from the lowest income families. We find that mobility rates are higher at UFPE than at comparator US universities as calculated by Chetty et al. (2017). While these are non-causal estimates, they nonetheless suggest that public universities can play a key role in facilitating upward social mobility in Brazil. Disaggregating by gender, we find higher mobility rates for men than for women in both UFPE and US comparator institutions. Using UFPE admissions data, we are able to explore the role of both ability and major choice on mobility gaps by gender and race. For both women and Afro-Brazilians, the proxy for ability (college entry exam) does not explain the gap in reaching the top earnings quintile compared to white males.
  • Contradictions of the Estado Novo in the Modernisation of Portugal: Design and Designers in the 1940'S and 50'S

    Contradictions of the Estado Novo in the Modernisation of Portugal: Design and Designers in the 1940'S and 50'S

    “Design Policies: Between Dictatorship and Resistance” | December 2015 Edition CONTRADICTIONS OF THE ESTADO NOVO IN THE MODERNISATION OF PORTUGAL: DESIGN AND DESIGNERS IN THE 1940'S AND 50'S Helena Barbosa, Universidade de Aveiro ABSTRACT The period of Portuguese history known as the Estado Novo (1933-1974) presents a series of contradictions as regards the directives issued, possibly resulting from a lack of political cohesion. Considering the dichotomy between modernization and tradition that existed between the 1940s and ‘50s, and the obvious validity of the government’s actions, this paper aims to demonstrate the contradictory attitudes towards the modernization of the country via different routes, highlighting the role of ‘designers’ as silent interlocutors and agents of change in this process. Various documents are analysed, some published under the auspices of the Estado Novo, others in the public sphere, in order to reveal the various partnerships that were in operation and the contrasting attitudes towards the government at the time. Other activities taking place in the period are also analysed, both those arising from state initiatives and others that were antithetical to it. The paper reveals the need to break with the political power in order to promote artistic and cultural interests, and describes initiatives designed to promote industry in the country, some launched by the Estado Novo, others by companies. It focuses upon the teaching of art, which later gave rise to the teaching of design, and on the presence of other institutions and organizations that contributed to the modernization of Portugal, in some cases by mounting exhibitions in Portugal and abroad, as well as other artistic activities such as graphic design, product design and interior decoration, referring to the respective designers, artefacts and spaces.
  • Southern Migration to Central and South America, 1850-1877

    Southern Migration to Central and South America, 1850-1877

    Madison Historical Review 2014 2 Austral Empires: Southern Migration to Central and South America, 1850-1877 Claire Wolnisty University of Kansas 2014 Winner of the James Madison Award for Excellence in Historical Scholarship Introduction In his 1866 book, Brazil: The Home for Southerners, Reverend Ballard Dunn likened his fellow former Confederates to a family of field mice that had been spliced apart by a plowshare. The Civil War, according to Dunn, had done nothing but transform southerners into victims. The people left in the southern region of the forcibly re-United States were the war-worn soldiers, the bereaved parents, the oppressed patriots, and the homeless and despoiled. In the face of such total devastation, Dunn asked, “[W]hy should we remain in a country, where we find that there is neither present, nor prospective, security for life, liberty, and property?”1 Dunn chose to find security for his life, liberty, and property in Brazil. Far from being the farcical scheme of a bitter man who fought for the losing side in a war, Dunn's book was a carefully researched plan for colonization. Furthermore, Dunn was among many authors who advocated for North American emigration to Latin American countries during the mid-nineteenth century. As early as 1854, Lieutenant Herndon of the United States Navy wrote Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon, a two-volume work which claimed that the Brazilian empire would welcome U.S. citizens and their slaves into its territory. In Hunting a Home in Brazil: The Agricultural Resources and Other Characteristics of the Country, Dr.
  • Duke University Dissertation Template

    Duke University Dissertation Template

    ‘Christ the Redeemer Turns His Back on Us:’ Urban Black Struggle in Rio’s Baixada Fluminense by Stephanie Reist Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Walter Migolo, Supervisor ___________________________ Esther Gabara ___________________________ Gustavo Furtado ___________________________ John French ___________________________ Catherine Walsh ___________________________ Amanda Flaim Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2018 ABSTRACT ‘Christ the Redeemer Turns His Back on Us:’ Black Urban Struggle in Rio’s Baixada Fluminense By Stephanie Reist Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Walter Mignolo, Supervisor ___________________________ Esther Gabara ___________________________ Gustavo Furtado ___________________________ John French ___________________________ Catherine Walsh ___________________________ Amanda Flaim An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2018 Copyright by Stephanie Virginia Reist 2018 Abstract “Even Christ the Redeemer has turned his back to us” a young, Black female resident of the Baixada Fluminense told me. The 13 municipalities that make up this suburban periphery of
  • Righting an Injustice Or American Taliban? the Removal Of

    Righting an Injustice Or American Taliban? the Removal Of

    Southern New Hampshire University Righting an Injustice or American Taliban? The Removal of Confederate Statues A Capstone Project Submitted to the College of Online and Continuing Education in Partial Fulfillment of the Master of Arts in History By Andreas Wolfgang Reif Manchester, New Hampshire July 2018 Copyright © 2018 by Andreas Wolfgang Reif All Rights Reserved ii Student: Andreas Wolfgang Reif I certify that this student has met the requirements for formatting the capstone project and that this project is suitable for preservation in the University Archive. July 12, 2018 __________________________________________ _______________ Southern New Hampshire University Date College of Online and Continuing Education iii Abstract In recent years, several racial instances have occurred in the United States that have reinvigorated and demanded action concerning Confederate flags, statues and symbology. The Charleston massacre in 2015 prompted South Carolina to finally remove the Confederate battle flag from state grounds. The Charlottesville riots in 2017 accelerated the removal of Confederate statues from the public square. However, the controversy has broadened the discussion of how the Civil War monuments are to be viewed, especially in the public square. Many of the monuments were not built immediately following the Civil War, but later, during the era of Jim Crow and the disenfranchisement of African Americans during segregation in the South. Are they tributes to heroes or are they relics of a racist past that sought not to remember as much as to intimidate and bolster white supremacy? This work seeks to break up the eras of Confederate monument building and demonstrate that different monuments were built at different times (and are still being built).
  • Exporting America: the U.S. Information Centers and German Reconstruction

    Exporting America: the U.S. Information Centers and German Reconstruction

    Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 5-1-2018 Exporting America: The .SU . Information Centers and German Reconstruction James Podesva Southern Illinois University Carbondale, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Podesva, James, "Exporting America: The .SU . Information Centers and German Reconstruction" (2018). Dissertations. 1541. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1541 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EXPORTING AMERICA: THE U.S. INFORMATION CENTERS AND GERMAN RECONSTRUCTION by James Podesva B.A., Eastern Illinois University, 1987 M.A., Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2009 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree. Department of History in the Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale May 2018 DISSERTATION APPROVAL EXPORTING AMERICA: THE U.S. INFORMATION CENTERS AND GERMAN RECONSTRUCTION By James R. Podesva A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of History Approved by: Dr. Jonathan S. Wiesen, Chair Dr. Ras Michael Brown Dr. Kay Carr Dr. Carola Daffner Dr. Natasha Zaretsky Graduate School Southern Illinois University Carbondale April 6, 2018 AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF James R. Podesva, for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in History, presented on April 6, 2018 at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EXPORTING AMERICA: THE U.S.
  • Post-National Confederate Imperialism in the Americas. Justin Garrett Orh Ton East Tennessee State University

    Post-National Confederate Imperialism in the Americas. Justin Garrett Orh Ton East Tennessee State University

    East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 8-2007 The econdS Lost Cause: Post-National Confederate Imperialism in the Americas. Justin Garrett orH ton East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the Cultural History Commons, and the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Horton, Justin Garrett, "The eS cond Lost Cause: Post-National Confederate Imperialism in the Americas." (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2025. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2025 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Second Lost Cause: Post-National Confederate Imperialism in the Americas ___________________________________ A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Arts in History ______________________________________ by Justin Horton August 2007 ____________________________________ Melvin Page, Chair Tom Lee Doug Burgess Keywords: Manifest Destiny, Brazil, Mexico, colonization, emigration, Venezuela, Confederate States of America, Southern Nationalism ABSTRACT The Second Lost Cause: Post-National Confederate Imperialism in the Americas by Justin Horton At the close of the American Civil War some southerners unwilling to remain in a reconstructed South, elected to immigrate to areas of Central and South America to reestablish a Southern antebellum lifestyle.
  • Chapter 14: Becoming a World Power, 1872-1912

    Chapter 14: Becoming a World Power, 1872-1912

    Unit Planning Guide UNIT PACING CHART Unit 5 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Unit 5 Day 1 Unit Opener Chapter 14 Opener, Chapter 15 Opener, Chapter 16 Opener, Wrap-Up/Project, Section 1 Section 1 Section 1 Unit Assessment Day 2 Section 2 Section 2 Section 2 Day 3 Section 3 Section 3 Section 3 Day 4 Chapter Chapter Section 4 Assessment Assessment Day 5 Chapter Assessment U.S. Entrance into World War I Place the Ask students to individually rank the causes following “Causes of American Entrance into from most important to least important. Then World War I” on an overhead transparency: randomly group students and have them try • Loss of innocent lives to reach consensus. The interrelated nature of the six causes makes the task extremely diffi- • Loss of trade cult. If time permits repeat the process and • Historical/cultural ties to British/French make a hypothetical change in the historical Lee Weber • Defense of democracy against dictatorship facts. For instance, suggest that Germany had Price Laboratory • Freedom of the seas a large surface navy and Britain developed School unrestricted submarine warfare. How would • The Zimmermann Note Cedar Falls, IA U.S. policy have changed? Or, what if Germany were our major trading partner, not England and its allies? 486A Introducing Unit Author Note Dear American History Teacher: The great industrial development of the United States in the second half of the nineteenth century trans- formed the character of the nation. It also produced new pressures and new problems that shaped the era that began with the depression of 1893 and led ulti- mately to America’s entry into World War I.