Swine Ectoparasites: Hog Louse, Haematopinus Suis Description And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Swine Ectoparasites: Hog Louse, Haematopinus Suis Description And

Author Swine Ectoparasites: Hog Louse, Haematopinus suis Wes Watson, North Carolina State University Reviewer Morgan Morrow, North Carolina State University Description and Biology The hog louse is one of the largest members of the suborder Anoplura, a group of bloodsucking insects infesting swine (Figure 3). Restricted to the skin surface, hog lice take several bloodmeals each day. The louse is equipped with large claws to grasp the hair allow- ing these insects to move about the host. Each active life stage resembles the adult except that they are smaller in size. Gravid females glue their eggs to the base of the hair shaft (Figure 3). The eggs hatch into nymphs after incubating about 10 to 14 days. In cool weather hatching may be extended up to 20 days. Nymphs have the same feeding habits as adult lice. After undergoing 3 molts over a 10 to 14 days period, the nymph develops into an adult. Although growth and development is tempera- ture dependent under optimal conditions the entire life cycle from egg to adult can be completed in about 3 weeks. Hog lice tend to feed in clusters during their development. Infestations generally start around the ears before expanding to lower body regions. Predilection sites include the ears, neck, skin folds, and the inside surface of the legs. Hog lice spend their entire life cycle on the animal. Dislodged lice can survive for several days in warm bedding, but the primary method of transmission is direct contact with infested hogs. Hog lice are relatively rare in the US but in a recent examination of German swine farms, ap- proximately 14% had hog louse infestations (Damriyasa et al. 2004). References Cited Damriyasa, I.M., Failing, K., Volmer, R., Zahner, H. and Bauer, C., 2004. Prevalence, risk factors and economic importance of infestations with Sarcoptes scabiei and Haematopinus suis in sows of pig breeding farms in Hesse, Germany. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 18, 361–367. Figure: Hog louse, Haematopinus suis, feeding adult eggs and eggs attached to hairs. Photographs by Philip E. Kaufman, University of Florida, Department of Entomology and Nematology. PAGE 1 PIG 04-01-25.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Arthropod Parasites in Domestic Animals
ARTHROPOD PARASITES IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS Abbreviations KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER CODE Metazoa Arthropoda Insecta Siphonaptera INS:Sip Mallophaga INS:Mal Anoplura INS:Ano Diptera INS:Dip Arachnida Ixodida ARA:Ixo Mesostigmata ARA:Mes Prostigmata ARA:Pro Astigmata ARA:Ast Crustacea Pentastomata CRU:Pen References Ashford, R.W. & Crewe, W. 2003. The parasites of Homo sapiens: an annotated checklist of the protozoa, helminths and arthropods for which we are home. Taylor & Francis. Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L. & Wall, R.L. 2007. Veterinary Parasitology. 3rd edition, Blackwell Pub. HOST-PARASITE CHECKLIST Class: MAMMALIA [mammals] Subclass: EUTHERIA [placental mammals] Order: PRIMATES [prosimians and simians] Suborder: SIMIAE [monkeys, apes, man] Family: HOMINIDAE [man] Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758 [man] ARA:Ast Sarcoptes bovis, ectoparasite (‘milker’s itch’)(mange mite) ARA:Ast Sarcoptes equi, ectoparasite (‘cavalryman’s itch’)(mange mite) ARA:Ast Sarcoptes scabiei, skin (mange mite) ARA:Ixo Ixodes cornuatus, ectoparasite (scrub tick) ARA:Ixo Ixodes holocyclus, ectoparasite (scrub tick, paralysis tick) ARA:Ixo Ornithodoros gurneyi, ectoparasite (kangaroo tick) ARA:Pro Cheyletiella blakei, ectoparasite (mite) ARA:Pro Cheyletiella parasitivorax, ectoparasite (rabbit fur mite) ARA:Pro Demodex brevis, sebacceous glands (mange mite) ARA:Pro Demodex folliculorum, hair follicles (mange mite) ARA:Pro Trombicula sarcina, ectoparasite (black soil itch mite) INS:Ano Pediculus capitis, ectoparasite (head louse) INS:Ano Pediculus humanus, ectoparasite (body
[Show full text]
Nigerian Veterinary Journal 39(3)
Nigerian Veterinary Journal 39(3). 2018 Olaosebikan et al. NIGERIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL ISSN 0331-3026 Nig. Vet. J., September 2018 Vol 39 (3): 217 - 226. https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/nvj.v39i3.5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Haematological Changes Associated with Porcine Haemoparasitic Infections in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Olaosebikan, O. O.; Alaka, O. O. and Ajadi, A. A.* Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan. *Corresponding author: Email: [email protected]; Tel No:+2349061959556 SUMMARY The study was carried out between January and July 2016. Blood samples were obtained from 153 pigs by venipuncture and jugular severance at slaughter. The blood samples were examined for all known hemoparasites detectable by light microscopic examination. Haematimetric indices, complete blood cell count and leukocyte differentials were determined. The level of parasitaemia and changes in blood indices were subjected to statistical analysis across seasons. Trypanosoma brucei and Eperythrozoon suis were the only hemoparasites detected in the blood of pigs during the period of sampling. The prevalence of haemoparasitic infections in sampled pigs was 5.23%. T. brucei contributed 3.9% while E. suis contributed 1.31% to the prevalence. Anaemia (PCV<32) was a consistent and significant finding in all parasitemic samples. Eperythrozoon suis caused more severe anaemia (20±9.89) when compared with Trypanosoma brucei (27±3.03). The anaemia caused by E. suis was mostly microcytic normochromic while T. brucei mostly caused normocytic normochromic anaemia. Mild leucopenia was observed in eperythrozoonosis while a moderate lymphocytosis was observed in T. brucei infections. It was observed that in spite of intense chemoprophylaxis and other control measures employed, we still have persistent infections with Eperythrozoon sp and Trypanosomes in our pig population.
[Show full text]
Folk Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Medicinal and Other Uses, Folklore, and Nature Conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3
Ulicsni et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine (2016) 12:47 DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0118-7 RESEARCH Open Access Folk knowledge of invertebrates in Central Europe - folk taxonomy, nomenclature, medicinal and other uses, folklore, and nature conservation Viktor Ulicsni1* , Ingvar Svanberg2 and Zsolt Molnár3 Abstract Background: There is scarce information about European folk knowledge of wild invertebrate fauna. We have documented such folk knowledge in three regions, in Romania, Slovakia and Croatia. We provide a list of folk taxa, and discuss folk biological classification and nomenclature, salient features, uses, related proverbs and sayings, and conservation. Methods: We collected data among Hungarian-speaking people practising small-scale, traditional agriculture. We studied “all” invertebrate species (species groups) potentially occurring in the vicinity of the settlements. We used photos, held semi-structured interviews, and conducted picture sorting. Results: We documented 208 invertebrate folk taxa. Many species were known which have, to our knowledge, no economic significance. 36 % of the species were known to at least half of the informants. Knowledge reliability was high, although informants were sometimes prone to exaggeration. 93 % of folk taxa had their own individual names, and 90 % of the taxa were embedded in the folk taxonomy. Twenty four species were of direct use to humans (4 medicinal, 5 consumed, 11 as bait, 2 as playthings). Completely new was the discovery that the honey stomachs of black-coloured carpenter bees (Xylocopa violacea, X. valga)were consumed. 30 taxa were associated with a proverb or used for weather forecasting, or predicting harvests. Conscious ideas about conserving invertebrates only occurred with a few taxa, but informants would generally refrain from harming firebugs (Pyrrhocoris apterus), field crickets (Gryllus campestris) and most butterflies.
[Show full text]
1589511117 491 5.Pdf
Veterinary Microbiology 231 (2019) 33–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Microbiology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetmic High frequency and molecular characterization of porcine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Brazil T Igor Renan Honorato Gattoa, Karina Sonálioa, Renan Bressianini do Amarala, Nelson Morésb, ⁎ Osmar Antonio Dalla Costab, Marcos Rogério Andréa, Luís Guilherme de Oliveiraa, a São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil b Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Animal Health Laboratory, BR 153, Km 110, P.O. Box 21, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, CEP 89.700-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Mycoplasma suis and Mycoplasma parvum are the two hemotrophic mycoplasmas species described in pigs. M. suis Hemotrophic mycoplasmas is involved in infectious anemia, while M parvum infection is commonly subclinical. The objectives of this study Sows were twofold: (i) to investigate the prevalence of porcine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in sows from the southern Mycoplasma suis region of Brazil by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and (ii) to genetically characterize a subset of the samples Mycoplasma parvum based on the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 429 blood samples were evaluated from 53 diﬀerent farm sites. Porcine Infectious diseases hemoplasmas was detected at all the 53 tested sites and in 79.72% of the samples (342/429). Two sequences were obtained for Mycoplasma spp. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene (900 bp) showed that the Mycoplasma sequences were closely related to the M. suis cluster and that one sequence was positioned in the M.
[Show full text]
Chewing and Sucking Lice As Parasites of Iviammals and Birds
c.^,y ^r-^ 1 Ag84te DA Chewing and Sucking United States Lice as Parasites of Department of Agriculture IVIammals and Birds Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1849 July 1997 0 jc: United States Department of Agriculture Chewing and Sucking Agricultural Research Service Lice as Parasites of Technical Bulletin Number IVIammals and Birds 1849 July 1997 Manning A. Price and O.H. Graham U3DA, National Agrioultur«! Libmry NAL BIdg 10301 Baltimore Blvd Beltsvjlle, MD 20705-2351 Price (deceased) was professor of entomoiogy, Department of Ento- moiogy, Texas A&iVI University, College Station. Graham (retired) was research leader, USDA-ARS Screwworm Research Laboratory, Tuxtia Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. ABSTRACT Price, Manning A., and O.H. Graham. 1996. Chewing This publication reports research involving pesticides. It and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds. does not recommend their use or imply that the uses U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesti- 1849, 309 pp. cides must be registered by appropriate state or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. In all stages of their development, about 2,500 species of chewing lice are parasites of mammals or birds. While supplies last, single copies of this publication More than 500 species of blood-sucking lice attack may be obtained at no cost from Dr. O.H. Graham, only mammals. This publication emphasizes the most USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572. Copies frequently seen genera and species of these lice, of this publication may be purchased from the National including geographic distribution, life history, habitats, Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, ecology, host-parasite relationships, and economic Springfield, VA 22161.
[Show full text]
Louse Infestation in Production Animals
LOUSE INFESTATION IN PRODUCTION ANIMALS Dr. J.H. Vorster, BVSc, MMedVet(Path) Vetdiagnostix Veterinary Pathology Services, PO Box 13624 Cascades, 3202 Tel no: 033 342 5104 Cell no: 082 820 5030 E-mail: [email protected] Dr. P.H. Mapham, BVSc (Hon) Veterinary House Hospital, 339 Prince Alfred Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3201 Tel no: 033 342 4698 Cell No: 082 771 3227 E-mail: [email protected]. INTRODUCTION Lice infestations, or pediculosis, is common throughout the world affecting humans, fish, reptiles, birds and most mammalian species. Many of these parasites are host very host specific, and in these hosts they may also show preference to parasitize certain areas on the body. Lice are very broadly divided into two groups namely sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) and biting lice (suborder Mallophaga). Lice may in many cases be found in animals concurrently parasitized by other ectoparasites such as ticks and mites. In some instances lice may be potential vectors for viral or parasitic diseases. The prevalence and distribution patterns of lice, as with all other ectoparasites, may be influenced by a number of different factors such as changing climate, changes in husbandry systems, animal movement and changes or failures in ectoparasite control and biosecurity measures in place. Lice infestation is of particular importance in the poultry industry, salmon farming industry and in humans. This article will focus mainly on production animals in which lice infestation may be of lesser clinical significance. SPECIES OF MITES There are a number of species of lice which are of clinical importance in domestic animals. In cattle the sucking lice are Linognathus vituli (long nose sucking louse), Solenopotes capillatus (small blue sucking louse), Haematopinus eurysternus (short-nosed sucking louse), Haematopinus quadripertusus (tail louse) and Haematopinus tuberculatus (buffalo louse); and the chewing louse is Bovicola bovis.
[Show full text]
Reflection Paper on Resistance in Ectoparasites
1 13 September 2018 2 EMA/CVMP/EWP/310225/2014 3 Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) 4 Reflection paper on resistance in ectoparasites 5 Draft Draft agreed by Efficacy Working Party (EWP-V) May 2018 Adopted by CVMP for release for consultation September 2018 Start of public consultation 21 September 2018 End of consultation (deadline for comments) 31 August 2019 6 Comments should be provided using this template. The completed comments form should be sent to [email protected] 7 Keywords Ectoparasites, resistance to ectoparasiticides 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2018. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. 8 Reflection paper on resistance in ectoparasites 9 Table of contents 10 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 11 2. Definition of resistance ...................................................................................................... 4 12 3. Current state of ectoparasite resistance ............................................................................ 4 13 3.1. Ticks .............................................................................................................................. 4 14 3.2. Mites .............................................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Occurrence of Haematopinus Suis Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta, Anopluridae) on a Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa)
Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 2009; 33(6): 529-530 © TÜBİTAK Case Report doi:10.3906/vet-0806-18 Occurrence of Haematopinus suis Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta, Anopluridae) on a wild boar (Sus scrofa) Oya GİRİŞGİN1,*, A. Onur GİRİŞGİN2, Figen SÖNMEZ2, Ç. Volkan AKYOL2 1Karacabey Vocational School, Uludağ University, 16700 Karacabey, Bursa - TURKEY 2Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludağ University, 16059 Görükle, Bursa - TURKEY Received: 23.06.2008 Abstract: A wild boar (Sus scrofa) about 2 years old was brought to our parasitology laboratory from Orhaneli region, Bursa province. It was examined for ectoparasites and 32 lice collected from the animal’s head were inspected and identified as Haematopinus suis. Five of them were found to be as nymphs, whereas 27 were adults. This paper is the first report of H. suis found in Bursa province, Turkey. Key words: Haematopinus suis, Turkey, Bursa, wild boar Bir yaban domuzunda (Sus scrofa) Haematopinus suis Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta, Anopluridae) olgusu Özet: Bursa – Orhaneli bölgesinden parazitoloji laboratuarımıza getirilen iki yaşındaki bir yaban domuzunda yapılan ektoparaziter inceleme sonucu hayvanın kafasından 32 adet bit toplanmış ve Haematopinus suis olarak teşhis edilmişlerdir. Bu bitlerin beş tanesinin nimf, 27 tanesinin olgun formda oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda Bursa ilinde ilk defa H. suis bulunmuştur. Anahtar sözcükler: Haematopinus suis,Türkiye, Bursa, yaban domuzu Introduction brown. Infestations of this insect on its host’s skin are Haematopinus suis, known as the hog louse, infests around the ears and on the flanks and back, and in the H. suis both domesticated and wild boars in all parts of the folds of the neck and jowl.
[Show full text]
Swinepox Virus
SWINEPOX VIRUS Prepared for the Swine Health Information Center By the Center for Food Security and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University August 2015 SUMMARY Etiology • Swinepox virus (SwPV) is an enveloped DNA virus in the family Poxviridae; it is the only member of the genus Suipoxvirus and there is little genetic variability among strains. Cleaning and Disinfection • SwPV can persist in the environment, even in dry conditions. • SwPV is susceptible to most common forms of disinfectants including acid treatment, alcohols, aldehydes, alkalis, biguanides, halogens, oxidizing agents, phenolic compounds, and quaternary ammonium compounds. Epidemiology • Swine are the only natural hosts for SwPV. Humans are not affected; however, SwPV in pigs cannot be easily distinguished from vaccinia virus (VV), which is zoonotic. • SwPV is found worldwide. • Morbidity can be very high in pigs up to four months of age. Mortality is generally low (<5%), although congenital infections are frequently fatal. Transmission • SwPV is mechanically transmitted by the hog louse, Hematopinus suis, and possibly by biting flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and black flies (Simuliidae). Pig-to-pig transmission can also occur. Infection in Swine/Pathogenesis • Classic pox disease is characterized by formation of macules, followed by progression to papules, vesicles, pustules, and crusts. Secondary bacterial infections can also occur. • Disease primarily occurs in pigs up to four months of age, while infection in adults is typically self-limiting. Diagnosis • SwPV may be cultivated in a range of host cells in vitro. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry are used to detect SwPV antigens in infected epithelium. • A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay has been developed for rapid detection and differentiation from the clinically similar and zoonotic vaccinia virus (VV).
[Show full text]
First Molecular Detection of Mycoplasma Suis
Acta Tropica 194 (2019) 165–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Acta Tropica journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/actatropica First molecular detection of Mycoplasma suis in the pig louse Haematopinus suis (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) from Argentina T ⁎ Diana Belén Acostaa,b, Melanie Ruiza,b, Juliana Patricia Sancheza,b, a Centro de Bioinvestigaciones -CeBio, Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires- CIT NOBA (CONICET-UNNOBA), Ruta Provincial 32 Km 3.5, 2700, Pergamino, Argentina b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Porcine haemoplasmosis caused by Mycoplasma suis affects the global pig industry with significant economic Mycoplasma suis losses. The main transmission route of M. suis is through the blood and some haematophagous arthropods, like Haematopinus suis flies and mosquitoes, could be the vectors to this pathogen. However, the presence of M. suis in pig haemato- Sus scrofa phagous ectoparasites in natural conditions has not yet been studied. The most frequent ectoparasite in pigs is 16S rRNA gene the blood-sucking louse Haematopinus suis, an obligate and permanent parasite. Therefore, this work aims to Porcine haemoplasmosis study the occurrence of M. suis in H. suis samples from both domestic and wild pig populations from Argentina; Swine production using the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 98 sucking lice, collected from domestic and wild pigs from Buenos Aires Province in central Argentina, were examined. We found M. suis DNA in 15 H. suis samples (15.30%). Positive lice were detected from all studied populations. This is the first report of M.
[Show full text]
Skin Diseases of Swine Alan R
D,AGNOST,C NOTES' Skin diseases of swine Alan R. Doster, DVM, PhD he skin is the largest bodyorgan and in the normal state, can be examined directly for the presence of mites or dermato- forms a complete anatomic and physiologic barrier be- phytes after placing them in 10% solution of potassium hydrox- Ttween the animal and its environment While providing ide. However,remember that Microsporum nanum does not in- protection against a variety of noxious physical, chemical, and vade hair shafts.Growthis limited to keratinized skin. Therefore, microbiological agents, it serves as a sensory organ which is in epidermal crusts are the specimens of choice and must be exam- constant communicationwith internal body systemsand reflects ined carefully in order to demonstrate mycelial filaments of M. pathological processes that may be either primary or secondary nanum. in origin (Figure 1), In addition, the skin is responsible for ther- Take skin swabs for bacteriologic culture in cases of exudative moregulation,vitaminD synthesis,and immunoregulation, dermatoses, Because of the likelihood of secondary contamina- Skin disease in a swineherd can adverselyimpact production by tion, results of surface cultures should be interpreted with cau- causing a significantdecrease in growthrate and feed efficiency,l tion. Comparing results from bacteriologic cultures collected Skinlesions can decrease carcass value by causingdamageto the from several different lesions or sites mayyield useful informa- hide and excess trimming at the packing plant In the case of
[Show full text]
Occurrence of Haematopinus Suis on a Wild Boar (Sus Scrofa)
Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 2018; 6(5): 461-462 E-ISSN: 2320-7078 P-ISSN: 2349-6800 Occurrence of Haematopinus suis on a wild boar JEZS 2018; 6(5): 461-462 © 2018 JEZS (Sus scrofa) from Udaipur: A note Received: 09-07-2018 Accepted: 13-08-2018 Sanweer Khatoon Sanweer Khatoon, Naresh Kumar, Hemant Joshi and Afroz Jahan Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Abstract College of Veterinary and Animal Science (Rajasthan University of Pediculosis by Haematopinus suis is a major constraint in both domesticated and wild boars in all parts Veterinary and Animal Sciences, of the world. This is the only species of louse that infests pigs An wild boar (Sus scrofa) of Udaipur Bikaner), Navania, region was bought for post mortem in the Centre of Wildlife Studies in the month of July in 2017 and Vallabhnagar, Udaipur was examined for presence of ectoparasites by Veterinary Parasitology department and ectoparasites as Rajasthan, India lices were collected from the animal’s body and were identified as Haematopinus suis by standard morphological keys. The paper reports for the first time a note on Haematopinus suis on wild boar found Naresh Kumar in Udaipur. M.V.Sc. Scholar, Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College Keywords: Haematopinus suis, Udaipur, wild boar of Veterinary and Animal Science (Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 1. Introduction Bikaner), Navania, Haematopinus suis, known as the hog louse, infests both the domesticated and wild boars in all Vallabhnagar, Udaipur parts of the world. This is the only species of louse that infests mainly pigs [1]. Pediculosis in Rajasthan, India pigs leads to self-inflicted injuries to their skin and hair such as excoration, sores, and thickening, from scratching and rubbing.
[Show full text]