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Institutional Mapping of Natural Resource Management in the Nicaragua-Honduras Sentinel Landscape

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Institutional Mapping of Natural Resource Management in the Nicaragua-Honduras Sentinel Landscape Mapping institutions that govern Access and Uses of Natural Resources in the Nicaragua-Honduras Sentinel Landscape Revealing the complexity, issues, and challenges of natural resource governance Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh, Ceferino Wilson White, Juan Carlos Flores López, Pilar Elisa Müller Oporta, Frédéric Huybrechs, Alejandro Pikitle, Roberto Marchena Williams, and Delmy Manzanares 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND AUTHORS This publication is the final report of the Project named "Institutional Mapping in the Nicaragua-Honduras Sentinel Landscape”. The Project was conducted between July and December 2013, under the coordination of the Center of Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD). It was designed and implemented by CIRAD in partnership with the Research and Local Development Institute Nitlapán of the Central American University (UCA-Nitlapán) and the Center of Tropical Agriculture and Higher Learning (CATIE-Honduras). The Project received financial support from the World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) in the context of the Research Program called "Forest, Trees and Agroforestry: Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance" (CRP6) of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), through its "Sentinel Landscapes" initiative. The Project team thanks ICRAF for funding the Project as well as all the collaborators from Nicaragua and Honduras that contributed to the Project’s success in one way or another: officials from state agencies, local authorities, Family, Community and Life Cabinets’ members, and local community people. This publication was prepared by Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh, Senior Researcher in Agricultural Economics and Rural Geography at CIRAD, currently Research Associate at UCA-Nitlapán and in charge of the leadership of the Project. The publication received substantial contributions from the Research Program of UCA-Nitlapán (the team led by Ceferino Wilson White) and from CATIE-Honduras (the team led by Juan Carlos Flores López). The Project also received contributions from other researchers that were involved in different stages of the Project; among them: Frédéric Huybrechs (University of Antwerp/IOB), Francisco J. Peréz (National Autonomous University of Nicaragua- Managua), Tanya Hayes (Seattle University), Gert van Hecken (University of Antwerp/IOB), Selmira Flores (UCA- Nitlapan) and Pierre Merlet (University of Antwerp/IOB). Project coordinator in the Central Region of Nicaragua: Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh Project coordinator in the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua: Ceferino Wilson White; Project coordinator in Honduras: Juan Carlos Flores López; Team members: In Nicaragua: Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh, Ceferino Wilson White, Pilar Elisa Müller Oporta, Alejandro Pikitle, Roberto Marchena Williams, Mike Philipp Müller, Patricia del Socorro Munguía Leyton, José Inocente Cerda, and Francisco J. Peréz; in Honduras: Delmy Manzanares, Jaime Peralta, Eleizer Murillo and Marco Peralta. Editing: Sandrine Fréguin-Gresh; Translation and proof reading: Laura Fairclough Copyright: ICRAF, CIRAD, UCA-Nitlapán, CATIE Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized with prior permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. The reproduction of this publication for purposes of sale or other commercial use without prior written consent by the copyright holders is strictly prohibited. The authors’ views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of the Center of Agricultural Research for Development (CIRAD), the Research and Local Development Institute Nitlapán, the Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), nor the different academic partners of the Sentinel Landscapes’ initiative and of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND AUTHORS ............................................................................................................................. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 THE SENTINEL LANDSCAPES INITIATIVE ........................................................................................................................................ 6 MAPPING INSTITUTIONS THAT GOVERN ACCESS AND USES OF NATURAL RESOURCE IN THE N-H SL ....................................................... 8 A STEP BY STEP RESEARCH PROCESS ............................................................................................................................. 11 SELECTION OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES .......................................................................................................................... 11 The IFRI methodological approach and adaptation ................................................................................................... 11 The Framework for Assessing and Monitoring Forest Governance and its adaptation ............................................ 14 GEOGRAPHICAL SCOPE, AMBITIONS OF THE PROJECT AND ITS LIMITATIONS..................................................................................... 17 RESULTS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL MAPPING IN THE N-H SL ............................................................................................ 21 THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. 21 Cultural and ethnic identities and relationships with nature ..................................................................................... 21 Historical processes and property rights over NR ....................................................................................................... 24 THE FORMAL POLICY, LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT GOVERN ACCESS, USE AND EXPLOITATION OF NR ............................................... 26 Institutional settings in Nicaragua .............................................................................................................................. 26 Institutional settings in Honduras................................................................................................................................ 38 PERCEPTIONS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF NR GOVERNANCE ......................................................................................................... 46 Policy, legal, and institutional frameworks ................................................................................................................. 46 Performance of formal rules ........................................................................................................................................ 48 Decentralization and participation in decision-making .............................................................................................. 51 Transparency and accountability ................................................................................................................................ 52 Equality and impartiality of the formal system ........................................................................................................... 53 LOCAL INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO NR: ILLUSTRATIONS FROM CASE STUDIES ........................................................... 54 Local Governance of NR in indigenous communities in Nicaragua: an illustrative case study of a challenging community-based Forestry management ................................................................................................................... 54 The community forestry in Copén (Iriona, Colón, Honduras): a typical case of transfer of power over to external stakeholders .................................................................................................................................................................. 77 CONCLUDING REMARKS ................................................................................................................................................ 91 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................................................. 92 ANNEXES – DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENTS .............................................................................................................. 96 4 5 INTRODUCTION THE SENTINEL LANDSCAPES INITIATIVE The Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) and Bioversity, four international research centers and members of the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), together with partners have embarked on a major research and development Program on ‘Forests, Trees and Agroforestry: Livelihoods, Landscapes and Governance’ (hereafter: CRPNo.6) with the clear objective of enhancing the sustainable use of natural resources across sites that illustrate the ‘forest transition curve’ i.e. from pristine forests to farmlands in which land uses vary from a combination of grassland, annual and perennial crops, and agroforestry production systems (see Figure 1). Drivers Socio-cultural and Biophysical Institutional economic Access and use of Natural
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