CREDITS & SPONSORS The Amherst Community History Mural is the result of the hard work and generosity of many individuals and groups. West Cemetery History Business/Organization Sponsors Amherst-Pelham Education Association The Amherst Club After several incidents of vandalism in the 1990s, the Amherst In 1727-28, during a lull in the French and Indian Wars, the British Atkins Farm Country Market Basha’s Oriental Rugs colonial settlers of the Hadley plantation began to build homes in Blair, Cutting & Smith Ins. Agency Blue Horizon Jazz Band Historical Commission undertook and completed the 1999 West their East District. In 1730, Hadley Town Meeting authorized a Coddington, LLP Cousins Market Cemetery Preservation Plan. The Plan established a multi-year new burying ground for these settlers. The one-acre lot took its Cowls Building Supply Florence Savings Bank program of restoration, resulting in new perimeter fencing and name—West Cemetery—from “the West Street” within which the Hampshire Hospitality Group Jones Properties, LP A Guide to the restoration of the historic Gaylord and Burnham gates, as well cemetery was created. The West Street was one of two, 40 rod (660 Jones • Town & Country Realty Kendrick Property Mgmt., Inc. as new signs and lighting. During installation of the fencing, a foot) wide north-south highways established in a 1703 Hadley land New Black Eagle Jazz Band Northampton Cooperative Bank row of infested hemlocks was removed, exposing the adjacent Pacific Lodge AF & AM Panda Enterprises Amherst Community commercial buildings. division. Amherst’s early meetinghouses, village center commons, Sawicki Real Estate Singer Potito Associates cemeteries, and other shared public uses would all be placed in these The Commission decided to pursue a community history mural, highways. Other Major Sponsors History Mural to frame the cemetery and help the buildings blend into the John & Elizabeth Armstrong Jean J. Beard 1730-1769 – At first, West Cemetery was an open, unfenced landscape. Following a community participation process in 2002- Marian & Bruce Brown Ricardo Guerrero & Lynn Margulis meadow without roads or paths. Graves were not plotted, but at the West Cemetery Edythe (Roberts) Harris Donald & Phyllis Hastings 2003, muralist David Fichter completed designs for the Amherst simply dug where there was room as people died. Burials faced Richard O. Johnson, Jerald H. Denison & Barbara Jones & Family Amherst, Massachusetts Community History Mural overlooking West Cemetery. Individuals, east and headstones faced west. Most graves were unmarked or Gates, & Robert Ritchie Paul Jones & Ruth Owen Jones businesses and organizations generously funded the mural, and had impermanent wooden markers. Permanent markers were of Arthur F. Kinney Teresa Hamilton Laprade’s Children She dwelleth in the Ground – installation began in fall 2004. local stone—granite, schist, and sandstone. African Americans, Edith Nye MacMullen Kenneth & Elizabeth Mundt Where Daffodils – abide – Native Americans, and other people of color were buried together Rose & John Olver Toni & Gregory S. Prince, Jr. The Amherst Community History Mural is designed to increase in a separate section of the cemetery at the southeast corner. The Stephen P. Puffer, Jr. Perry & Jean Thompson Her Maker – Her Metropolis – understanding of this ancient burying ground and build support cemetery was kept open by the pasturing of livestock. and more than 150 others The Universe – Her Maid – for its restoration. The mural provides historical interpretation - Emily Dickinson and enhances the cemetery as a public open space. 1770-1832 – The burying ground acquired fixed boundaries during Amherst Historical Commission this period. Slate became a popular headstone material and funeral 2004-2005 MEMBERS OTHER RECENT MEMBERS Edith Nye MacMullen, Chair Don Frizzle, Chair Carol Birtwistle plantings using native species were introduced. Land for the North Gai Carpenter Barbara Carpenter Sharon Smith Carty and South Amherst cemeteries was purchased in 1818. Paul Norton Cindy Dickinson Sarah La Cour 1833-1868 – The Town expanded the cemetery to the east and Caroline Olson John Martin Max Page west, purchased the access road to North Pleasant Street (the West Jean Thompson Robert Romer Perry Thompson James Wald Marie Twohig-Burbine In January 1730, the town meeting of the British colonial plantation Highway), and fenced the area. Family plots began to be fenced or at Hadley voted to grant the settlers of its East District “liberty coped with stone, and marble became the predominant headstone Staff for a burying place.” Set in the ancient (1703) West Highway, the material. In 1854, the Town laid out the first cemetery road. The Jonathan Tucker Lynda Faye burying ground became known as the West Cemetery. Amherst was next year, the Town Tomb was erected for the “free use of the town,” Senior Planner Historic Preservation Planner created as a separate colonial parish in 1759 and named for General serving as temporary storage for bodies prior to burial, especially in Jeffery Amherst, a British hero of the French and Indian Wars. West winter. In 1858, Edward Dickinson arranged for an ornamental iron HELP ENSURE A FUTURE FOR AMHERST’S PAST! Cemetery was expanded in 1833, and again in 1870. Amherst’s oldest fence to enclose the Dickinson family plot. YOUR DONATIONS CAN HELP MAINTAIN THE AMHERST COMMUNITY HISTORY MURAL, OR HELP PRESERVE AND RESTORE AMHERST’S HISTORIC CEMETERIES. burying ground retains some of the town center’s original unchanged 1870-1906 – Individuals and families were required to take deeds landscape, recognizable to the early colonial settlers who lie here next and pay for grave plots for the first time. West Cemetery doubled Make checks payable to “TOWN OF AMHERST, WEST CEMETERY MURAL” (for to farmers, millworkers, servants, soldiers, professors, and poets. in size, and its roadway was extended to a new entrance on mural maintenance) or, “TOWN OF AMHERST, [WEST/NORTH/SOUTH] CEMETERY th Triangle Street. Granite became a popular headstone material, and IMPROVEMENTS” (for improvements to specific cemeteries) and mail/deliver During the 20 century, the cemetery suffered from neglect, years ornamental funeral trees and plantings were added. them to: of environmental damage, uncontrolled foot traffic, vandalism, and inappropriate use. In 1998, Historic Massachusetts named West 1907-2005 – The Gaylord Gate (1908) was built at the original AMHERST HISTORICAL COMMISSION Cemetery one of Massachusetts’ “Ten Most Endangered Historic burying ground entrance, and the Burnham Gate (1954) on Triangle c/o Amherst Planning Department Resources.” By 2000, the Historical Commission had succeeded Street became the new main entrance. More ornamental plantings Town Hall, 4 Boltwood Ave. in getting Amherst’s ancient burying ground listed on the National were added, including a Camperdown Elm at the gravesite of William Amherst, MA, 01002. Register of Historic Places. Smith Clark. Most plantings have since been lost to disease and neglect, and not replaced. The Community History Mural was Cemetery funds are organized by the Amherst Historical Commission for each West Cemetery is located in downtown Amherst, between North cemetery and for the Amherst Community History Mural. All gifts and donations completed in 2005. for these public purposes are tax-deductible. Contact the Amherst Planning Dept. Pleasant and Triangle Streets. Pedestrians can enter from either Source: West Cemetery Preservation Plan, Denig Design (413) 259-3040 or [email protected] for information. end. Vehicle access is from Triangle Street only. No parking is Associates (Martha Lyon, consultant), 1999. permitted in the burying ground except during funerals. Ray Stannard Baker (tending bees, 1870-1946) – An Lt. Frazar Stearns W (background, in “Peanut John” Musante (1848- Who’s On the Mural early muckraking journalist, Baker wrote a Pulitzer Prize- uniform, 1840-1862) – Well-loved young son 1904) & Candida Musante (18??- Those depicted on the Amherst Community History Mural were chosen based on winning biography of Woodrow Wilson. As David Grayson of Amherst College President William Augustus 1924) – First-generation Italian citizen recommendations and represent the full sweep of Amherst’s history as a he wrote about his gardening and beekeeping on Sunset Stearns and close friend of the Dickinson immigrants, the Musantes moved to settled community. Those who are buried in West Cemetery are indicated with a Avenue. family. Frazar’s death at the battle of Newbern Amherst in 1882. They worked as fruit while serving as Col. Clark’s adjutant sent and nut vendors from a sidewalk stand symbol (W). From left to right, the mural is divided into the following aspects of Helen Hunt Jackson (1830-1885) – Amherst native and Amherst’s community life: shock waves through the community. along Merchant’s Row on South Pleasant contemporary of Emily Dickinson, Jackson authored nature Street and a wagon at Amherst College. and travel stories of the West, as well as the popular novel Henry Jackson W (foreground, 1817-1902) FARMING Candida continued to operate the stand Ramona which highlighted the plight of Native Americans. – Popular local teamster, and probable for 20 years after John died. Farm Children – North of Mount Norwottuck, young Marjorie Atkins Elliott and a conductor on local Underground Railroad routes, Jackson traveled up and down the Valley friend carry a basket of apples. DOMESTIC LIFE from Springfield to Vermont. He was a central