Urban Poverty • Over 75% Population of Luanda In
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Tanque Serra Quenguela N orte Guengue Tanque Serra Data: Cassaca 8 9 0 Calumbo Sede Banza Calum bo 9 0 28/05/04 0 0 Vitrona 0 0 0 9 Palm eirinhas Caquila 0 9 Terra N ova I Ref: 8 Tombo Quingolo Rapado Quinzenza 290000 300000 310000 320000 330000 340000 Post Conflict Urban Challenges • Forced migration during the war, flight to the safe haven of the capital city. • Massive destruction of social and physical infrastructure. • Rapid urban growth, largely due to the war continues even after conflict ended. • Population growth today fuelled by high birth rate and movements from centre to periphery • 60% are under 18. IMPORTANCE OF INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT IN THE URBAN Urban Poverty ECONOMY • Over 75% population of Luanda in “musseques” Private Sector (Kimbundu word for sandy soil) 19% Self Employment (informal) • The poor survive by trading in the informal Unpaid Family (informal) State Company Self Employment market sector. 5% (informal) Business (informal) • Difficult to secure 43% Other economic livelihoods Public Administration • High unemployment & 10% Public Administration underemployment Other 1% State Company • Over 60% population Business (informal) Unpaid Family (informal) Private Sector depend on the informal 6% 16% sector for employment Fighting Urban Policies of Exclusion of the Poor • Assets of the poor are tied up in their land and housing. • The poor often occupy valuable inner-city urban real-estate. • Expropriation of the poor’s assets deepens poverty. • Recognition of land and tenure rights reduces poverty & creates wealth. Integrated Urban Poverty Reduction LUPP’s Strategy • To promote equitable, inclusive, pro-poor policies and practices for poverty reduction in Luanda • Testing & demonstrating solutions to priority needs in basic service provision & livelihoods • Strengthening capacity of local authorities & communities to promote local development • To contribute to the Government’ s decentralisation and poverty reduction strategies by sharing LUPP’s results and lessons learned. Crisis of Basic Services • Mass migration and poor maintenance has led to significant stress on infrastructure & collapse of delivery of basic services • Fewer than 50% of households have on-site sanitation • Only 30% of Luandans have access to running water • 70% buy water from tankers – pay 15 to 20 times more • Households can spend up to 25% income on water • Urban poor subsist on less than 7 lts per day (15 lts per day is minimum emergency requirement and 60 lts considered an adequate supply. • Diarrhoea and Malaria are primary causes of death, both due to poor sanitation. • Cholera epidemic has stuck Luanda in 2006 registering over 19,000 cases so far. Basic services LUPP Best Practices Best LUPP LUPP Strategies & Results Water • 65 Community managed standposts for over 74,000 people doubled individual access from 7 to 15 litres per day. • Greater involvement of local administration and EPAL and consumers in community managed standposts promoting sustainability through cost recovery for ongoing maintenance. • Low indications of cholera where LUPP is working. Sanitation • Subsidy on 3,500 family latrines with community in-kind contribution in terms of labour (sweat equity) • Public Hygiene through 40 market and school latrines for 30,000 Solid waste • Municipal-based solid removal services to market and house-to- house cost recovered • Partnership with ELISAL to test transfer station model. Crèches • Partnership between MINARS, NGOs and community have provided 25 community managed crèches for 1500 under 5s Building Livelihoods Livelihoods for the Urban Poor • Women and children in poor households depend on informal market commerce to sustain their families. • LUPP’s livelihood strategy promotes development of business skills and access to credit and savings to build micro enterprises and create employment. Micro-credit and Savings Micro-Credit • More than 15,000 clients, 62% of them women, currently are receiving loans through a network of over 1000 solidarity groups and 7 branches serving poor neighbourhoods of Luanda and 6 other provinces. Loaning over $25 million this year (2009). • Angola’s first non-bank Micro- Finance Institution KixiCredito has been launched to serve poor clients who do not have access to commercial banks. Savings • 119 Savings Groups have been established to promote families to accumulate their own capital. Enterprise Development Business Development Services (BDS) • 250 micro & small businesses have benefited from services • 750 micro-entrepreneurs trained, 52 of them youth. RASME • Network established with 31 members, from NGOs, private sector and Government to promote interests of micro- entrepreneurs. • RASME and members linked to regional counterparts, Angolan Chamber of Commerce and Industry. KixiCasa Credit is be offered to clients for improving their houses or building phased up -gradable houses over several loan cycles. Building Civil Society Reinforcing Social Capital Increased opportunities of urban residents to work together through local organisations to address common problems. Building Local NGO Networks • Built institutional and technical capacity in over 60 local NGOs • Creation of the Luanda Urban Anti- Poverty network to reinforce municipal and to have a voice in the National Civil Society Conference. Community Based Organizations • Facilitate formation of over 100 water and service based management groups • Over 1000 livelihoods based groups formed • Broad base of participation in Municipal Forums Governance Governance • Supporting the Government’s strategy for decentralisation and Municipal development. • Reinforcing the capacity of local authorities to work in a participatory way with urban residents to meet basic service needs. • Improve service delivery of Provincial and parastatal service companies to poor urban communities. • Creation of spaces for public debate and consultation and promote the formation of new leaders in anticipation of future democratically elected Municipal Councils.