Content

P. 7 Preface P. 13 The Open City - Curatorial Statement P. 19 The Biennale and the City P. 25 Open City: Designing Coexistence P. 27 The Forum P. 35 Maakbaarheid ('ma:kba:rɦɛ:it) P. 39 Refuge P. 45 Reciprocity P. 49 Community P. 53 Squat P. 59 Collective P. 63 Open City Event Program P. 65 Open City: Designing Coexistence – The Book P. 67 Parallel Cases//IABR@RDM P. 87 The Free State of Amsterdam P. 99 Urban Century: How the World Becomes a City P. 111 Foaming at the Edge - Open City Master Class P. 113 Partner Program P. 117 Practical Information P. 121 Subsidizers and Partners P. 125 Credits P. 141 Colophon

City 3

Preface gation of the favela’s inhabitants. She suggested that we refrain from trying The International Architecture Bien- to sell the idea that architects can turn nale Rotterdam (IABR) is an inter- Paraisópolis into paradise. Of course national urban research biennale I agreed. History has rarely been kind founded in 2001 with the conviction to those who want to build paradise that architecture is a public concern. on earth. So when the 4th IABR raises the issue of how architects and urban Architecture’s major challenge, in planners can concretely contribute to the eyes of the IABR, is to design and the design of coexistence, it has to be realize decent day-to-day living con- done with reserve. ditions for billions of people. With the theme Open City: Designing Coexis- Yet the question needs asking. tence, the 4th edition of the IABR places special emphasis on the social Whether exploding or shrinking, cit- aspect of this challenge: how can ies all over the world often tell tales architects and urban planners make of waste and neglect. Municipalities concrete contributions to diversity, face issues as diverse as dysfunc- vitality, and livability—in short, to the tional infrastructure, crime, terror- sustainability of the urban condition. ism, pollution, migration, inadequate housing, the disconnect between the One of the many projects in which the formal and the informal, and the lack IABR is involved, and that will be ex- of access for all to education, public hibited during the 4th edition in Rot- transport, health care, information, terdam, is situated in the Paraisópolis and markets. Yet, a consistent and in- (Paradise City) favela in the heart of tegrated approach to urban develop- Brazil’s metropolis, São Paulo. With ment rarely is a political priority. relatively affordable and sustainable alterations, the aim of the project is to In the 21st century, cities will, in many provide the inhabitants of Paraisópo- ways, be more important than coun- lis better access to the amenities of tries. Cities are the engines of the the city. world’s economy, but only when they are socially robust and culturally resil- In São Paulo, the IABR closely col- ient, economically viable and ecologi- laborates with SEHAB, the Municipal cally sustainable, as well as diverse, Housing Secretariat. Its director, Elis- safe, and open to the world, can they abete França, took me aside during a be places where more and more of us presentation of the project to a dele- can focus on making better lives for 6 Open City 7 ourselves, as well as for others. nourished in a unique way by the cu- Presenting projects and plans for São rator, Kees Christiaanse, and brought Paulo and New York, for Istanbul and about through the huge effort and en- Moscow, for Addis Ababa, Jakarta, ergy of his team at the ETH Zurich and Amsterdam, Rotterdam, and many the Biennale team in Rotterdam. other cities, the 4th IABR makes the case for a renewed engagement with an open and socially sustainable city. George Brugmans director IABR This edition therefore, presents itself—as did earlier editions—as a platform for contemporary architects, urbanists, and thinkers, who have the ambition to revitalize the notion of what the city is.

Starting on 25 September, you are cordially welcome to visit the IABR’s three exhibitions; the lectures, confer- ences, and debates; along with the many other activities that will take place in Rotterdam and Amsterdam, and the programs that will be broad- cast on radio and television by the VPRO.

This edition would not have been pos- sible without the support of the Min- istry of Education, Culture and Sci- ence, the Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, and the City of Rotterdam; nor without the willingness of our partners—ETH Zurich, NAI, VPRO, the City of Am- sterdam, the Rotterdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design, and many others—to join us in this quest for the Open City. A quest that was 8 Open City 9

The Open City – Curatorial Statement Twenty-five years after construction started on the city of Almere, Rem In the history of utopias, the reflection Koolhaas retroactively designed a of the ideal society often takes the new city center, known as Dutchtown. form of a city. In this way, we can view This revision is illustrative of the the Open City as a spatial translation unpredictability of urban develop- of an open society. ment, particularly for changes in the Randstad (conurbation of Western The Meerpaal in Dronten, the Nether- Holland) as a spatial reflection of an lands, is an attempt by architect Frank “un-clotted” to a “re-clotted” soci- van Klingeren to “un-clot” society. ety. Instead of a peaceful suburbia of The building, which opened in 1967, 50,000 inhabitants, in which the mid- consisted of one huge space within dle class could live in houses with which activities took place without gardens, Almere developed into an visual and acoustic separation. The archipelago of 200,000 people with Meerpaal became a symbol for the ethnically dominated neighborhoods “makeable society,” characterized by and streets with prostitution. In this openness, transparency, and tole- way, the city became an inseparable rance. The makeable society became part of the hierarchic Randstad, from a paradigm for social democracy, for “bundled de-concentration” to “car- an open society. The spatial model pet” metropolis, a patchwork of iden- was the Netherlands, depicted as one tities. large space in which the multi-cultural society could develop in openness, This condition is simultaneously thre- transparency, and tolerance, without atening and promising. The threat visual and acoustic separation. stems from spatial and social segre- gation that could produce a “city as a This vision did not materialize. The tree,” an archipelago ultimately lea- diverse social identities did not result ding to a gated community, impeding in a multicolored chaos, but rather in cultural exchange and innovation. It a coexistence of communities based is promising because interaction in on differences, as elsewhere in the an Open City takes place from within world. The compartmentalization of the community. The Randstad does the built-up area increased, resulting not have any no-go zones. Social in- in mono-functional areas with limited tercourse afforded by transportation contacts, to which—although not systems and social networking is ex- formally restricted—accessibility was tensive. In this way, as an Open City it reserved for certain groups. can function if the mobility of people, 12 Open City 13 goods and ideas between communi- the surroundings. Patrolled supply ding of the work of Jane Jacobs(*). ties is guaranteed. routes provision Jewish enclaves, like The structure of the Open City func- water pipes whose contents must be tions as an operating system in which Global networks can shape transnatio- prevented from leaking. At the same city life can nestle. A complex net- nal communities, whereby mutual ties time, Palestinians manage to maintain work of public spaces, physical and within a community are stronger than functioning transnational networks, electronic, is the most important those with the city in which it finds despite impenetrable barriers. component of this operating system, itself. In cities such as Istanbul, Jakarta, and where exchanges among people, São Paolo, where there are few statu- ideas and goods can take place. In Rotterdam, for example, this is the tes and a viscous political structure, The Open City is therefore not a case with immigrants. Whole streets social differences are reflected in the utopia or a clear-cut reality, but rather of Turkish families originate from a spatial planning. In the absence of a a situation, a balance between open single region in Anatolia, with parallel public sector, people develop their and closed between integration and communities in Cologne and Berlin. own cities—the wealthy in luxurious de-integration, between control and enclaves, the poor in gececondus, “laissez-faire.” This, too, is simultaneously promi- kampongs, and favelas. sing and threatening. It is promising because migration movements foster Despite the inequality, lack of pu- Kees Christiaanse coexistence and cultural exchange. blic transportation and the wearing curator 4th IABR It is threatening because large diffe- down of the ecosystem, these cities rences between isolated communities bubble with life and show numerous * In 1961, urban writer and activist Jane Jacobs could lead to losing interest in the complementary symbioses between published her best-known book, The Death community as a whole, in the Open segregated city areas. The “potential and Life of Great American Cities. It remains one of the most influential commentaries on City. These communities thrive on high difference” on both sides of the gated- urban development and city planning. quality transnational mobility while, at community wall is broken by improvi- the same time, making it possible to sed spatial structures that lift the bar- misuse the Open City, as international riers and enter into micro-economic terrorism demonstrates. relations.

Even in conflict situations, under The Open City must not be under- difficult circumstances, one can find stood simply as an appealing 19th-cen- pieces of the Open City. There is tury district with street level access, a no totally Open City. By definition, finely-meshed network of streets, and it is fragmented, like weeds in the an affable mixture of functions, where grass. On the West Bank, one finds anonymity is guaranteed, strangers the ultimate “gated-ness,” whereby walk around, and pedestrians domina- every spatial intervention for self- te—in short, those qualities that one protection severs the vital arteries of might extract from a superficial rea- 14 Open City 15

The Biennale and the City with organizations such as the Netherlands Architecture Institute Commissioned by the 4th International and the VPRO; and with educational Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, institutions such as the Berlage architects, urban designers, and aca- Institute, the Rotterdam Academy demics have been active for two years of Architecture and Urban Design, at countless locations around the and the IHS of Erasmus University world. One developed, in cooperation Rotterdam. Perhaps the most with housing associations, specific important partner is the prestigious interventions in the city of Rotterdam. European knowledge center in the Another has been working to provide field of architecture and urban decent living conditions in Palestinian development, the Eidgenössische refugee camps; and still another on Technische Hochschule, ETH Zurich, the living standards of live-in house- a Swiss Institute with a venerable keepers in Jakarta. In São Paulo, with research tradition. The ETH is its millions of inhabitants, a fourth second home to the Dutch architect collaborated with local architects to and urbanist Kees Christiaanse improve infrastructure. (Amsterdam, 1953), curator of the 4th IABR. With colleagues, academic These activities are typical for the staff, and students—along with a IABR, a biennale that sees itself as a worldwide network of sub-curators, platform for research, debate, and ex- he researched the theme of the Open change of knowledge—but which, with City, elaborating six sub-themes: each edition, strives to make concrete, Maakbaarheid ('ma:kba:rɦɛ:it), demonstrable contributions to society, Refuge, Reciprocity, Community, and leave its mark. This fourth edition Squat, and Collective. presents many dozens of projects with the aim of creating a better urban liv- For each of these six themes and ing environment and stimulating social projects, a corresponding exhibition cohesion. was conceived and built in the NAI. The main theme itself is introduced in With the theme of Open City: the Forum, the heart of the main exhi- Designing Coexistence, the IABR bition, Open City: Designing Coexist- opted for an ambitious task. That is ence, in the largest hall of the NAI. The why cooperation was sought with Forum is laid out as a metaphor for the local authorities and urban services Open City, which can be seen as an (in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Jakarta, exploration of the issues and problems São Paulo, Addis Ababa, and others); facing contemporary cities. 18 Open City 19 For 12 weeks, the Forum also serves as urban design offices will offer their vi- International Architecture Biennale the home to the interdisciplinary Open sions of nine city areas of the future Rotterdam focuses broad attention City Event Program. The lectures, Amsterdam. The models are not in- on social cohesion in the city: Open films, workshops, debates, tours, tended as blueprints for the city, but as City: Designing Coexistence. Whether performances, and symposia explore inspirational vistas and starting points in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Palestine, the entire spectrum of the Open City for discussion. Around the exhibi- São Paolo, or on television, radio, and theme. Additionally, the Forum also tion, the Amsterdam Spatial Planning the internet, the IABR is researching houses a databank (facilitated by the Department has organized dozens of and designing the city of tomorrow. VPRO), conferences and presenta- activities designed to ensure that the tions, such as the Open City Master inhabitants engage in a discussion Class organized by the Berlage Insti- about their city: how will Amsterdam tute. The master class will study alter- develop itself as a successful, native urban planning agendas for the livable, core city in the metropolitan Rotterdam port area. Students from region? The results will take the form ten institutions of higher education of “Structuurvisie 2020” (Structural participate, including TU Delft; ETH 2020 Vision) that the city of Amster- Zurich; Architectural Association, dam will present in 2010. London; Tsinghua University, Beijing; and Columbia University, New York. Eeuw van de Stad (Urban Century), a wide-ranging collaborative project Links with international institutions of with public broadcasting network higher education were also sought for VPRO, invites every resident of the the exhibition Parallel Cases//IABR@ Netherlands to participate in discus- RDM. These resulted in an exhibition sions and reflection on “the city.” in which student teams from 28 uni- During the 4th IABR, the VPRO is versities and universities of applied focusing on the city on all media plat- sciences from 20 different countries forms—television, radio, magazine, present 45 projects inspired by the and the internet. The VPRO has also Open City theme. This exhibition constructed a databank of audiovisual also features the presentation of the materials (digitalized radio broad- Parallel Cases Biennale Award by the casts dating back as far as 1926 and Rotterdam Academy of Architecture visual material from as early as 1913), and Urban Design to the best student all of which are made available free project. of charge on the internet and at the VPRO pavilion in the Forum. The third exhibition, The Free State of Amsterdam (Vrijstaat Amsterdam), For more than four months, and with takes place in Amsterdam. Nine young a choice of international partners, the 20 Open City 21

Open City: Designing Coexistence

Curator: Kees Christiaanse Co-curator: Tim Rieniets

Exhibition Design: Maxwan architects + urbanists

25 September – 10 January

Netherlands Architecture Institute (NAI), Rotterdam

Open City: Designing Coexistence is the main exhibition of the 4th IABR. With a newly built and direct link from the street to the Forum, the NAI literally "opens itself up" to the city of Rotterdam.

A visit to Open City: Designing Coexistence starts in the Forum, where introductory exhibitions, com- mercial program, public activities, and the extensive Open City Event Program are mixed. The Forum leads to the six sub-exhibitions in other rooms of the NAI; Maakbaarheid ('ma:kba:rɦɛ:it), Refuge, Reciprocity, Community, Squat, and Collective.

24 Open City 25 The Forum (Crossing Rotterdam: Migrant Depen- Introduction to the Open City dency); about unexpected cultural ex- changes, such as in belhuizen, inter- national calling centers where migrants Kees Christiaanse, Tim Rieniets from all corners of the world meet their and Fabienne Hoelzel kinsmen (Belhuis at the IABR); and about the social aspects of different di- Gallery 1 ning cultures (The Meal), because ea- ting stands for cultural identity.

There are at least two ways to approach In this way, the Forum forms a rich col- the phenomenon of the Open City. One lection of empirical facts, but also play- is that of architectural theory, of dis- ful theories and strategies that touch course. There, the focus is on designing the problems of the Open City. Strolling access to living, working, and know- past the various presentations, visitors ledge—the coexistence of different to the Forum also encounter “urban fa- views and different cultures. In effect, it cilities” including a café, a bookshop, a entails all the conditions that an archi- library, and a small hall for lectures, tect or urban designer can create to fa- films, and debates called The Hood. cilitate freedom and quality of life in the The VPRO presents documentaries in city. its own pavilion where the visitor can consult the digital archive Open City But every city dweller knows that there that will facilitate free downloading of is also a second reality—everyday expe- radio broadcasts dating back to 1926 rience. Even those who love the city and visual material from as early as 1913. know it is sometimes polluted, often overcrowded; traffic is backed up; curbs The Forum is also an introduction to the are being repaired; some areas are un- six sub-themes of this IABR: Maakbaar- safe; and a good place to live is not al- heid, Refuge, Reciprocity, Community, ways affordable. Squat, and Collective. Together with the Forum, these themes form the core as- At the Forum, the heart of the exhibition signment of this 4th IABR: reflecting on Open City: Designing Coexistence, what will keep the city vital and livable in both urban design discourse and the re- the coming decades. ality of everyday experiences are explo- red. There has been research into pla- ces around the world, where examples The Exhibition of Open City can be found (Guide to Open Places). There is speculation Open City is … about redistribution of all goods and Fabienne Hoelzel and space (Neotopia: The Equitable Distri- curatorial team bution of the World), about what would Although half of the world lives in the happen if the earth were one endless ur- city, only a fraction of the city’s inhabi- ban space (Stadt–Igel). In addition, tants can access its many resources careful studies were conducted about and opportunities. Especially in the Glo- ordinary lives in ordinary cities, how bal South that will absorb an overwhel- they differ and where they interface ming portion of the worldwide populati- 26 Open City 27 growth, the ideal of the Open City—with delon Vriesendorp contributes with a equal access to work, transport, and so- giant “chess board” where visitors can cial networks—has become an insur- play chess, moving buildings on an ur- mountable challenge. ban grid. Open City is … presents subjec- tive perceptions and experiences of ur- Open Buildings: The Meerpaal ban inhabitants. Each poster in this se- Revisited ries presents a city from which two peo- Fabienne Hoelzel and Pieter ple with different social backgrounds re- Vollaard port on their daily lives, focusing on the- The Meerpaal opened in 1967 in Dronten. mes such as mobility, communication, Designed by Dutch architect Frank van knowledge and many more. “How long is Klingeren (1919-1999), it may be the most your daily travel time from home to work radical attempt in the past century to and back in São Paulo?” or “How acces- “dissolve the clusters” (ontklontering)

sible are communication infrastructures © Willem Jan Neutelings of Dutch culture. The Meerpaal aimed at © Robin Arrow in Addis Ababa?” Posing questions like radical integration in order to overcome these, the posters offer both an intimate Urban Breeding Grounds society’s “pillarization.” With this buil- Urban Islands: Mapping an insight into daily lives, as well as a focu- Kees Christiaanse with Tim Rie- ding, and others such as the Agora in Emerging Spatial Order sed investigation of various topics. Com- niets and Fabienne Hoelzel De Bilt and the Karregat in Eindhoven, Tim Rieniets pleted by brief general statistical state- Urban Breeding Grounds is a collection Van Klingeren pursued the idea—or In the discourse on globalization, cities ments, Open City is ... aims to show how of objects, books, photographs, drawi- utopia?—that a certain kind of architec- are often depicted as fluid spaces, tra- the peculiarities of the spatial and soci- ngs, projects, and models, as well as a ture can change society and integrate all versed by flows of goods, people, and al fabric of the city affect the possibili- video interview with the curator of the information—as realms that are beco- 4th IABR, Kees Christiaanse. The in- ming disconnected from their geograp- stallation is a frozen illustration of his hic locations and historic identities. But and his colleagues’ quest for ways to fa- at the same time, self-segregating spa- cilitate conditions of openness through ces are proliferating: shopping malls, the practice of urban design. For Chris- business parks, theme parks, research tiaanse, an urban design should act as a compounds, gated communities, and “breeding ground” for coexistence, other places for voluntary segregation. prosperity, and cultural exchange. He There are also spaces for involuntary has extensively practiced research by separation: the slums, ghettos, refugee design, first as a partner at OMA, and camps, and detention camps. One could later through his own office, KCAP, and argue that today the city is not a flux or as a professor of Architecture and Ur- a flow, but a collection of urban islands. ban Design in Berlin and Zurich. Urban The emerging spatial order may seem

Breeding Grounds shows the designs © Jan Versnel, MAI to contradict the notion of an Open City, for the Parc de la Villette by OMA, the but these islands are woven together Patchwork Metropolis by Willem Jan parts of it. Open Buildings: The Meer- with hardly visible threads. Urban ties, opportunities, and habits of the in- Neutelings, and the Wijnhaven in Rot- paal Revisited describes the early years Islands: Mapping an Emerging Spatial dividual. terdam by KCAP, as well as other pro- of the Meerpaal and how it worked, with Order presents models of exemplary jects that were seminal for the curator’s pictures, newspaper clippings, and vi- urban islands, arranged as a mobile; development as an urbanist. Additional- deos. Taking the Meerpaal as a point of floating in space, these islands interre- ly, a model produced by the Urban De- reference, this exhibition presents a col- late in a complex, fragile balance. Addi- sign Studio at the ETH Zurich (scale lection of building projects that embody tional plans and images describe these 1:500) shows one possible future condi- the spirit of openness. islands in more detail. tion of Rotterdam’s City Center. Ma- 28 Open City 29 Belhuis at the IABR Guide to Open Places Rotterdam Belhuis Web Guide, Concept: Martina Baum Multifunctional De-Territoriali- Open places can be the hearts of a city's zation Leaflets, and Moroccan cultural diversity. They can become spa- Cyber-Chill-Out tial manifestations of the idea of coexis- Diego Barajas and Camilo García Stadt–Igel tence. They have the power of perman- Kaisersrot ence and on the other hand the potential Stadt–Igel represents a city with no be- to develop. Open places have not only a ginning. A globe, five meters in diameter, spatial dimension, but also a social and whose surface is a continuum of urban political one. Therefore, an Open City re- matter. There is no border between city quires open places. Guide to Open Pla- and country, no hierarchy. Although its ces is an evolving inventory, searching form appears comprehensible, the city for open places all over the world. People can never be experienced in its totality. around the world are invited to be part of © Philippe Rekacewicz There is no outside vantage point from the exhibition and to post their open pla- © Philippe Rekacewicz which the entire surface can be cohe- ce at open-places.com or tell about pla- rently perceived. Because of its curvatu- ces that should be opened up or that can lead to rich cultural diversity. But the re, “Stadt–Igel” can’t be drawn as an ur- have closed down recently. The exhibiti- mixing of cultures puts pressure on soci- ban plan. Therefore a set of deliberately on shows the collection of these places ety. The Western world has become a chosen rules defines specific localities contributed by the users and inspires the fortress for many. Every year thousands

© Diego Barrajas, Camilo Garcia and connects the city’s infrastructure to visitor not only to think about, but also to of people lose their lives by trying to en- its built mass. It looks like a homogene- ter these fortresses. The film Migration: Belhuizen (Telephone Call Centers) are ous mass, but this city is ruptured and A World in Motion invites the viewer to facilities that transnational commu- spatially differentiated. Looking closely join French geographer Philippe Rekace- nities use to phone their home countries. at single buildings, one will soon con- wicz as he draws and explains the phe- The users of a belhuis shift according centrate on their windows—the only in- nomena of mass-migration. He is filmed to the steady rhythm of the world’s time dividual expression within this collective for this exhibition through the reverse zones—from Far-Easterners, to Easter- spectacle. side of transparent paper, while sket- ners, to Saharan to Caribbean. Often, a ching a migration map of the world. belhuis offers additional services: one can rent a Bollywood movie, surf the Crossing Rotterdam: internet, get a haircut, and meet others. Migrant Dependency The belhuis has become a transcultural Michael Zinganel and Michael space and an everyday micro-lab where Hielsmair it is possible to explore spatial models of This installation follows the daily routi-

collective life in the contemporary city. © Martina Baum nes of ten individuals from different For the 4th IABR, the Rotterdam Belhuis neighborhoods, ethnic backgrounds, Web Guide was compiled. It stimulates be active and copy some of the place- and income groups. The project deals interaction between the IABR and the sheets to create one’s own Guide to with the increasing segregation of the belhuizen, as well as with any potential Open Places. urban fabric and the need to find ways to user in Rotterdam or abroad. pass between these islands. Three mo- Migration: A World in Motion dels comprise the installation: two repre-

© Kaisersrot Philippe Rekacewicz sent examples of individual living quar- concept: Tim Rieniets ters, while a third shows a workplace. For To migrate is to leave a familiar environ- that, the Erasmus MC hospital in Rotter- ment behind—a radical change from dam was chosen because it is the place one’s daily existence. On a larger scale, it where doctor, nurse, student, patient, 30 Open City 31 and service worker mingle when they lea- A dinner table is set with places ve their segregated neighborhoods. The for ten guests from all over the world, three models are penetrated by a net- living in Rotterdam. Visitors to the 4th work of colored tubes representing the IABR are invited to join this table, to daily routes of the ten selected individu- break down boundaries. Taking a seat als, passing through the hospital, the at The Meal, one identifies with one or city, and their private homes. Radio more of the guests; reads about their speakers broadcast commentary on food and culture; looks at the photo- each of these ten routes. Neutral voices graphs of their lives in Rotterdam; un- relate the daily routines from the indivi- derstands the hard decisions the host duals’ perspectives, emphasizing the and his cook had to make and engages necessity of crossing borders and the in the metaphor for life in a city of di- influence this has on intercultural social verse, sometimes conflicting cultures. interaction. © Lars Ramberg © Manuela Pfrunder The Polder Table Painting: Gijs Frieling specific urban states emerged and by a mass of data on the current state of Concept: Zef Hemel researching their socio-economic and the world. Visitors to the 4th IABR use political preconditions. magnets to position goods and com- A reading table puts the points modities, forests, slums, fresh water, of observation into perspective as a polluted landscapes, residential areas, discretionary choice of a small group and so on. of scholars. Assembled by asking all 4th IABR contributors to suggest five The Meal books, its content is radically subjec- Linda Roodenburg tive: the reading table should be under- The food we eat, the people with whom stood as a means for approaching and we share it, and the rituals with which examining the topographies of the we celebrate our meals are strongly re-

Pranobe Oemrawsingh, doctor of medicine Maike Chin A Sen, nurse Jeroen van den Winden, patient Haidy Genaro, facilities services Open City. lated to our identities. When you live

1 2 3 4 © Michael Hieslmair, Michael Zinganel outside your homeland, you may long Neotopia: The Equitable for the flavors and dishes you grew up

Distribution of the World with, as any migrant knows. © City of Amsterdam, Physical Planning Department Points of Observation: Manuela Pfrunder and Open City 1850–2009 Beatrice Sierach In The Polder Table, the municipality of Nina Brodowski, Angelus Eisin- How would the world look if everyone Amsterdam shows an approach to ur- ger, Maren Harnack, and Gesa had equal access to resources like ban planning based on nine principals Ziemer space, food, and goods? The result of democratic decision-making. Anyone Points of Observation questions the could be Neotopia, a designed world who uses these principles will find out assumption that a coherent history of where commodities, land, hunger, luxury, that it’s possible to make successful de- the Open City can be constructed. In- and money are redistributed on basis of cisions, without power play and without stead it interprets various historical radical equitability. A piece of land of the risk of social conflicts. Polderen is a constellations as “Points of Observati- 279.3 by 279.3 meters is provided to any genuine Dutch word, synonymous with on” that evoke images of openness that of us, with a proportionate ration of wa- “talking forever,” until all points of con- require further research. The close ter, forest, farmland, meadow, desert, flict seem to have dissolved in consen- examination of six of these points de- urbanized land, and ice. sus. It has, at least in the Netherlands, a constructs popular understanding of Underlying Neotopia: The negative connotation. But Amsterdam

openness by making explicit how these Equitable Distribution of the World is From: Linda Roodenburg-Rotterdams Kookboek. © Carel van Hees feels that polderen, according to these 32 Open City 33 nine principals, is society’s best option. people can ultimately unveil a new city. Maakbaarheid ('ma:kba:rɦɛ:it) “Soft planning”—an approach to plan- Concurrent with the 4th International The Rediscovery of the Urban ning that finds its strength in the power Architectural Biennale Rotterdam, the Project in Rotterdam: in Search of argument, is based on telling stories, municipality of Rotterdam presents Ho- on offering inspiration. Not easy boken 2009: a dynamic public forum for of a New Credibility for Architec- though, which is no surprise. Everything the planning of the Open City. ture and Urban Development Fol- that is outstanding is as difficult as it is lowing the Credit Crisis of 2008 rare. The table presents the nine rules with which to make this miracle happen. Sub-curators: Crimson Architec- tural Historians Hoboken 2009 Design and coordination: Foyer Fernando Donis

If there is one city in the world to which the key concept of this 4th Biennale, Open City: Designing Coexistence, is applicable, it must be Rotterdam itself. This city is a collage of cultures, political ambitions, trouble spots, and entrepre- neurial zeal. It is also a city that has been

continuously reinvented since its annihi- Design: ZUS [Zones Urbaines Sensibles] lation in World War II, and therefore bears the imprint of a succession of “spi- - rits of the times”. In Maakbaarheid - (‘ma:kba:rɦɛ:it)—meaning feasibility or “make-abilty,” the architectural histori-

© Rotterdam City Building and Public Housing Authority (dS+V) ans of Crimson undertake some badly needed maintenance on the city of No longer based on realizing a fixed Rotterdam. result, urban development has incre- asingly become a complex process of According to Crimson, Rotterdam’s pa- participative planning, in which the city radox is that the city councilors were al- performs as an urban canvas. Hoboken ways completely convinced that they 2009 shows what happens when the knew what the city should be, but not process of producing the city becomes what their city in fact was. Ever since the open to the public. As a key epicenter of decentralization of the City Council and economic, medical, scientific, educatio- the “commoditization” of the Urban nal, and cultural growth, the city of Rot- Planning department, there seems to be terdam has determined the neighbor- much less reflection upon the city. hood of Hoboken as the investigation Which is a problem: if you don’t know and development area for the conscious who you are, it is difficult to decide what application of this procedure; a me- you want to be. thod that implies strategic cooperation between citizens, stakeholders and aut- The architectural historians of Crimson

horities; a vision that by focusing on the have studied Rotterdam with that Central District Forcibly and retroactively connecting an isolated commerciallopment super around deve the new train station to the circuits and routesting of the inner-city. exis © Maarten Laupman 34 Open City 35 thought in mind. They have now been Dutch buzzword that has acquired a ne- doing this for 15 years, not just on paper, gative connotation. It has become syno- but also in practice by “tweaking” the ci- nymous with the naiveté of politicians ty’s architecture and infrastructure as in who believed that they could generate

“WiMBY!, Welcome Into My Backyard!” socially desirable behavior with the aid school starters MULTIFUNCTIONAL in Rotterdam Hoogvliet 2001-2007. Maak- of architecture and urban planning. No community centre baarheid is a thought-provoking per- modern-day politician wants to be heard spective on their city; criticism that is a using the expression maakbaarheid.

result of the dissatisfaction at its lack of houses atelier SQUARE coherent vision. On the mood swings of At the same time, major government pro- ART changing political preferences, radical jects and radical interventions by solutions have been put forward for housing associations in post-war dis- arthouse atelier years. The city was not seen as an entity. tricts show that maakbaarheid is still MIX MIX Rotterdam became estranged from itself. “alive and kicking”—except that there is

no longer any public debate. hall The exhibition Maakbaarheid Crimson takes a pragmatic approach, (‘ma:kba:rɦɛ:it) consists of three parts. employing thoughts, images, and pro-

The manifesto Make No Big Plans, nine jects to get the debate going again. GARDEN crèche on-site projects entitled Facts on the houses Ground, and the film Story of an Open Nine sites have been selected for pro- HOUSING City. The film illustrates how the city jects that together will be a repair kit for came to reflect the spirit of the times in this disintegrated city. These interventi- esign: DaF Architects /Design: Maxwan Architects + Urbanists three different phases of post-war re- © ons are called Facts on the Ground, a re- D construction. After the destruction in ference to the words of the Israeli gene- World War II, the residents placed their ral (and later prime minister) Sharon full trust in the executive elite, complete- about the settlement strategy in the con- - ly confident as they were of the success flict with the Palestinians. of the city's reconstruction. That created a basis for a metropolitan approach al- Facts on the Ground is the downside of ong the lines of an American city. the radical political decisions-spectrum. Now is not the time for Big Solutions. The second major period of maakbaar- Rotterdam must first have a good look in heid was in the 1970s, when trust in poli- the mirror. Make No Big Plans. It is the tics had made way for suspicion. Every- time for architectural interventions on a thing had to be small-scale and at street manageable scale. For relatively small- level; the city councilors and architects scale projects that nevertheless have ef- came out of their ivory towers and went fects that go beyond the neighborhood into the neighborhoods to listen to the level. residents. In the third period, the 1980s and 90s, the authorities took a step back- Take the Hofplein-lijn project, a disused wards and made way for market economy two-kilometer elevated railway line run- and real estate developers. ning across 189 arches. With Paris de- This shift in the last 20 years of the 20th signer Nasrine Seraji, the railway line is century also marked the end of any faith being transformed into the “longest buil- in a make-able city, and the hope of sha- ding in Rotterdam” and will form the spi- ping a city at will has been abandoned. ne of the northern part of the city. Kleinpolderplein Project to tunnel, bridge, resurface, program and penetrateorder to a motorway counter its in destructive effects on the urban areause the it bisects under-highway and areas for commercial and public program. Het Klooster Re-embedding now isolated public and cultural amenities through architec Maakbaarheid is a typically 20th-century tural and urban planning means in and around a former convent. © Maarten Laupman 36 Open City 37 It will connect neighborhoods instead of Refuge under which architecture normally take separating them. Another project focu- Architectural Propositions for place cannot be relied on. ses on the standard apartment buildings Unbound Spaces designed by the architect J. H. van den The places where refugees are brought Broek (1898–1978). Thousands were built together are separated from their living before and after the war. They are solid Sub-curators: Philipp Misselwitz environments, both in a social, juridical, but outdated. By applying one simple re- and Can Altay and spatial sense. In this kind of huma- furbishment module—developed by DaF nitarian and political vacuum, an archi- architects from Rotterdam and housing tect is left with a set of practical tools. corporation com•wonen—to this type of Lobby Accustomed to maneuvering between housing, it is possible to achieve a major widely diverse economic, social, and modernization of the housing stock at Millions of people flee from war, pover- political interests, an architect must of- one go. ty, and hunger—sometimes from each ten find ways to formulate solutions in other. For an architect, refuge—a safe the face of differences, sometimes the Facts on the Ground are ostensibly nee- haven—is a social condition for which solution is architectural, sometimes dles in a large, complex city. This appro- there are exceptional rules, where fami- strategic. That is the case in the city of ach, however, can be compared to acu- liar processes and systems give him no- Diyarbakir, in the southeastern part of puncture. If you place the needles in the thing to go on. Nevertheless, professio- Turkey, with its strong patriarchal tradi- right places, the overall effect on the nally, the architect can still propose tion, where household violence against body will be significant, resulting in a spatial and strategic solutions to make women can be excessive. By making sense of well being. Therefore, besides daily life more bearable, to reconnect, houses available where people can do being conceived and exhibited, the nine mediate and facilitate small steps to- their washing for free, a successful pro- esign: Maxwan Architects + Urbanists projects will also be realized. For the 4th D wards change. ject was started to create a dialog with IABR, Crimson plans to endow Rotter- these abused women. In the laundry dam with nine presents to illustrate how Refuge is an ambiguous notion. It could houses they can now speak freely about the city can be both cohesive and diver- mean a place where people come toge- their problems. They receive help wit- se, without having to apologize for the ther in a flight from hunger, violence, hout having to flee their communities. idea of maakbaarheid. and poverty. A safe haven could also connote escapism—a desire to with- But the proposed solution can also be draw from the hectic life of the city or to provocative. A second Refuge-related The Exhibition: flee to an exclusive, gated neighbor- project is taking place in Dubai in a radi- hood, to avoid the sights of poverty, or cally different context: The Palms. Story of an Open City, film, 7'' “the other.” Three man-made islands in the shape of a tree serve as a port of refuge for the Make No Big Plans, manifesto One finds both kinds of refuge in the ultra rich. The undertaking is a megalo- about the city of Rotterdam Middle East and the southern Mediterra- maniacal, money-and-energy guzzling nean, sometimes very close together. plan, which is in danger of becoming an Facts on the Ground, Exposition Precisely because they involve extreme anachronism because of the economic of Nine Location Projects in the conditions, it is important to consider crisis. As The Palms focus heavily on City: Rotterdam Central District, them when thinking about the Open individualism and not at all on commu- Parkenknoop (Hoboken), City. After all, what kind of task does an nity, the SMAQ office is imagining pro-

Carnisse, Hofbogen, Hilleplein, architect or urban designer face when posals to convert these mini states into Het Klooster, Kleinpolderplein, political solutions have failed? What real urban locations—diverse, accessi- Waalhavenstrook, and Spoordijk should an architect do in a place where ble, with smart ecological solutions and – Spangen even human rights are at stake, where the dynamic of a real metropolis. all norms have fallen by the wayside and Reconnecting the city with the harbor by offering new workspacesthereby and chances for development and emancipation of young immigrantcitizens in Rotterdam-South. © Maarten Laupman Waalhavenstrook the standard processes and conditions 38 Open City 39 The Refuge exhibition is subdivided into ter into the slums, many new poor Ro- four categories. The first is Providing mans live there as well. As with the Refuge. Here, the architects look for Roma, this group is ignored by the go- ways to create a perspective for vulnera- vernment. With a demonstrative walk ble groups such as refugees. As in across the ring road of Rome along the Lampedusa, for example, an infamous impoverished areas, I-Rome is attemp- Italian island between Sicily and Tuni- ting to put an end to negation politics sia, where refugees from Africa receive and to re-integrate both Romans and shelter under degrading conditions. Roma into the sphere of formal local The project A Lighthouse for Lampe- planning. dusa is an architectural competition for the design of a lighthouse that provides Improving Refuge focuses on the esti- navigational aid to the migrants. The mated 1.4 million Palestinians living in Lighthouse must simultaneously serve camps spread across Jordan, Gaza, the as a museum about asylum seekers and West Bank, and Syria. These makeshift as a landmark to draw attention to the areas are among the most densely po- plight of refugees. pulated in the world. Living conditions are abominable. Still, it has always pro- Preventing Refuge consists of a series ved difficult to upgrade them because, of proactive projects that aim to prevent for the Palestinians and host govern- entire groups of city dwellers from be- ments, the camps are living proof of the coming refugees. Istanbul, presently historical injustice they have suffered. with some 13 million inhabitants, is em- The “Infrastructure and Camp Improve- barking on urban renewal policies ment Program” recently launched by the whereby informally built neighborhoods UN is an attempt to break this impasse are being bulldozed to the ground and by introducing strong community-dri- historical building stock is being ven urban planning. The victim mentali- reclaimed through destruction. These ty must be traded in for grass root res- gecekondus (built overnight) in the pe- ponsibility, which is the first step to- riphery and the inner-city historic areas wards re-imagining camps as more dig- are being replaced by private-sector nified places to live. housing, often gated and locked, and are mostly unaffordable for the original If the question is what an architect can inhabitants. As a result, polarization in do in the conditions of Refuge, the ans- the city is increasing. Entire sections of wer is to propose pragmatic, simple, the community are being set adrift. The small, and workable solutions. The ar- aim is to prevent far-reaching segregati- chitect’s professionalism is the best he on in the city by developing alternative can offer. In this way, without getting transformation proposals for the areas bogged down in political swamps, he affected by this process. can create a spark of dignity in the daily lives of people for whom fundamental Dismantling Refuge: I-Rome is a pro- solutions are remote. gram that brings together two wrongs in Italy. For decades, the Roma gypsies have faced severe discrimination. They have been banned to the fringes of the

© Bas Princen capital, Rome. Driven from the city cen- 40 Open City 41 The Exhibition

Providing Refuge Women’s Guide to Diyarbakir A Lighthouse for Lampedusa! Old City Walk

Preventing Refuge Urban Renewal Istanbul Rampart Retreat Tourism New Map of Tbilisi

Dismantling Refuge Charter of Dubai I-Rome Laboratory of Return

Improving Refuge Home until Return: Re-imagining Palestine Refugee Camps United Communities of Göktürk Participatory Mapping of Space

DIWAN Lounge presenting a photograp- hic survey of photo's by Bas Prin- cen, a series of newspapers as outcome of the research network in five cities in the region: Istanbul, Amman, Beirut, Cairo, and Dubai.

Cinema Films by Solmaz Shahbazi, Ursula Biemann, and Chris Evans that show artists’ works in relation to Refuge. © Robert Huber

42 Open City 43 Reciprocity because you might need him sooner or Transactions for a City in Flux later. While economic transactions are always impersonal, rational, and uni- form throughout the world, reciprocity Sub-curators: Daliana is emotional, personal, often with diffe- Suryawinata and Stephen rent rules in different regions. Cairns At the 4th International Architecture Bi- ennale Rotterdam, the system of barte- Gallery 2 ring and reciprocal services is examined to see how it affects the infrastructure In developing countries, the reciprocal and vitality of Jakarta, a prosperous act, bartering, is often more important and complex example of urban bar- than the official economy. Give and take tering. The city is expanding by leaps are the key words. What is the effect of and bounds, almost entirely without these bartering strategies, or Recipro- direction. Its infrastructure within the city, on the city and on its architecture? city limits varies from rice paddies to For Indonesians, reciprocity is a trusted high-rise flats. The population growth notion in daily life. They have their own is unstoppable. In 1945, the population word for it: Gotong Royong. Therefore, was only 600,000; today in the extended the exhibition Reciprocity concentrates metropolitan region of Jakarta there are on the capital of Indonesia, Jakarta. over 22 million inhabitants. A large part of the population receives payment in It is estimated that between half and kind; or creates an alternative type of three-fourths of the economies in deve- supply and demand. loping countries are based on recipro- city. Around 40 percent of the Gross Gotong Royong, a form of reciprocity, is National Product is generated in sha- a trusted notion in daily life. Gotong de- dow economies that rest on this prin- rives from the verb that means jointly lif- ciple of give and take. The importance ting or carrying. Royong is a term used of this informal structure will increase on farms to indicate work done collec- dramatically in the coming years be- tively, such as harvesting, plowing, and cause cities in developing countries are making hay. A list of reciprocal acts was growing explosively. According to the created for the exhibition to demonstra- United Nations, after 2030, some 60 per- te the deep inroads that Gotong Royong cent of the world’s population will live in is making in the city. There are six types cities, some 4.9 billion people: that is 1.7 of relations that involve Reciprocity: billion more than in 2005. charity, barter, bargain, collaborate, debt, and do-it-yourself. The principal of reciprocity has a strong social component. It is not a formal The 4th International Architecture Bien- transaction, one in which money or pro- nale Rotterdam has embraced a number ducts exchange hands. It is a favor given of Reciprocity projects in Jakarta. In in expectation of receiving something this hectic megapolis, most middle- in return later. Reciprocity may entail class families can no longer live their hospitality, sharing a meal or helping lives without a housekeeper. Yet the a neighbor to repair a leaking roof— 44 Open City 45 - . . Rahmat Othman. The New Moving House Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad, 2007 Babysitter in a Shopping Mall Erik Prasetya, 2009 . Representing a city in flux. This map explores the overlapping of various . Erik Prasetya, 2009 . Comparison of watershed by administrative area. This diagram shows the water volume . NUNC Architecten, 2009 Organizing Informal Garbage Pickers in CBD Jakarta Cultures of Legibility Traffic Congestion Sponge City to be captured in each area of the city. By working together, 1,085,341,514m3possible can to solve be collected. the 1,028,000,000 It is m3 water deficit.Adi Purnomo, David Hutama, 2009 cultures of legibility. It draws upon the detailed interviewsredzones conducted represents in the field. a roughly Each coherentof the colou and common understandingStephen of the Cairns, particular University part of Edinburgh, of the city. 2009 . . Erik Prasetya, 2009 . Reinventing public space. . Erik Prasetya, 2009 Social Mall Axonometry of Poins Square Mall with added public functions. Indonesian wedding, sports and other programs. andramatin, SHAU, 2009 A Servant Ironing City security meeting in the open air 1596 (etching). Taken from Kota Tanpa Warga, Jo Santoso, Jakarta, KPG 2006. Pollution

46 Open City 47 housekeeper often lives in miserable Analysis Fifth Layer Community Apart. With other writers, he is somber conditions, and in a space that is closer Excavate, Transpose, The American Way of Living about the effect of segregation. If the to a broom closet than a room, while Disclose: Activating city is the motor of integration, the eco- receiving minimal or no salary. This kind Jakarta’s urban history nomy, and innovation, clustering is the of reciprocity forms a significant foun- Cultures of Legibility Sub-curators: Interboro Partners end of the road. dation in daily life in Jakarta. The Indo- Traffic, Migrate, Conciliate: nesian architects, Djuhara+Djuhara, Representing a city in flux Gallery 2 When Interboro Partners from New are trying to convince homeowners of Urban Village York, the makers of Community, deci- the importance of providing respectable Displace, Haggle, Aggre- ded to take a close look at what hap- living space for their servants or house- gate: Participatory practi- America may be the most segregated pens in those segregated worlds, they keepers. They have developed a flexible ces between research and society in the world—at least, that is the witnessed some surprising processes. model for the standard family home, action urban legend. It has separate villages First, often the motives of separation with a bright room for the households for retired homosexuals, others for rich were benign, like in Sky Village, where it help on the front side of the house. The Tools Atlas, Agenda, Aturan- Catholics; neighborhoods apportioned is about a shared passion. Sometimes initial results are encouraging. Main according to race, income, political per- it entails allergy patients who seek each Gather, Swap, Play: suasion or golf enthusiasts. In America, other out, environmental idealists, IT- The Pemulung is another outstanding Politics and practices of the ideal of the open and diverse com- workers in Silicon Valley or followers of example of reciprocity. These are men data mobilization munity that can form a city is seemingly an Indian guru. and women who search through refuse Canop’city very remote. But for those who look Second, Bishop's observation dumps for valuable items. Jakarta pro- Complement, Supplement, closely, the Open City turns up in places was restricted to the suburbs, the often duces an incredible amount of junk, Catalyze: Infrastructures where no one expects it. privileged places of refuge from city life. some 28,000 cubic meters of refuse per of encounter Sixty-three percent of Americans live day—most of which keeps piling up in Situated in southern Arizona, surroun- there. But is the suburb really so diffe- the city. The Pemulung sort all plastic, Projects Social Mall ded by desert, Sky Village is several rent from what we call the city? Or have paper, and metal from the heap, any- Barter, Trade, Exchange: hours’ drive from the nearest city. It is suburbs become such dominant life thing that will sell for a few rupees. They Reinventing public space a desolate spot, pitch black at night, forms that urban processes are shifting bring their finds to a local middleman, Servant Space which the inhabitants, fanatical star- to them? And isn’t there a lot more inte- who in turn sends them to an official Delegate, Relegate, gazers without exception, fully appre- gration going on than meets the eye? recycling operation. This informal col- Entrust: Symbiotic domes- ciate. Nearly every house has its own lection system works, but it would show tic labour observatory. The locals enjoy getting Ave Maria is a Catholic enclave near better results if the logistics were more Soft Gate together, sharing the same interests. Naples, Florida. The village was built efficiently arranged. The 4th IABR has Cooperate, Insinuate, In Sky Village they can look at the Milky with the money of Tom Monaghan, the adopted this project in the context of Bargain: Permeable boun- Way as often as they want, thanks to the notorious Roman Catholic founder of Reciprocity. Improving transport from daries and porous archi- absence of artificial light. Domino’s Pizza. The village does not yet the middleman to the recycler can pro- tectures have a consecrated church. Heartfelt cess more waste. Jakarta Bersih! People form clusters for social, eco- Catholics therefore have to leave the Collaborate, Participate, nomic, political, and countless other enclave to attend a poor church outside Recycle: Platforms for reasons. In the case of Sky Village, the the village that is heavily populated by The Exhibition work and living segregation is non-malicious: but often fellow Creole and Latin American coun- Sponge City it is. “Our country has become so pola- trymen. It has become an unintended Kader At Home Far Away: Calculate, Displace, Con- rized, so ideologically tainted, that some meeting place, an unanticipated sub- Interviews with Indone- vert: New urban ecologies people have never met and are unable community. sians in Rotterdam Solusi Rumah to understand others who live just a Enable, Capacitate, Com- few miles away,” wrote the American One can find many places and proces- Prologue Reciprocity: Transactions mit: Affordable housing journalist Bill Bishop in his talked-about ses where values traditionally ascribed for a City in Flux and corporate reciprocity book, The Big Sort, Why The Clustering to the Open City are in surprisingly Of Like-Minded America is Tearing Us good condition: shopping centers, par- 48 Open City 49

- - Black Rock City Unsuspecting visitors will want to time their visit to Black Rock"Burning City with Man," an eight day alternative festival supporting community,dical self-reliance, ra and self-expression, otherwisebut empty they will desert find nothing in the Northern Nevada. Black Rock City organizesevery year itself in a series of concentric circles, the center of whichlarge being human a effigy that is ceremoniously burned on the festival's last day. Planned Community Brochures For the 4th IABR, Interboro is collecting a sales brochure from every pri Each year's circular formation, with a radius of one and a half miles,on a particular takes theme, such as last year's "The Vault of Heaven" or "The Wheel of Time." Festival-goers bring all their gear in campers, RVs, trucks, and and form "villages" along the main streets. A self-organizedforce helps police maintain civil order and a large army of volunteers supportsthe challenging job of erecting an instant city of 50,000© Gabe people. Kirchheimer vate, masterplanned community in America. © Interboro Partners - - - - Ave Maria / Our Lady of Guadalupe Catholic Church Maria Ave new masterplanned,a is gated community near Naples, Florida. Marketed to Catholics, the town includes 800 residentialtory,church, a university.and units, a However, a large despite oraofficially opening thein summer of 2007, the Catholic-themed community still lacksof worship: a proper place because of the local diocese’s differences with the town’s foun munity has not been consecrated. The result? The community’s religiousceremoniesare performed neighboring a in parish Immokaleein that serves the decidedly lower-income Creole and Hispanic Catholic population© Ave Maria, Our Lady of Guadalupe, Naples Daily News,Reverend EttoreRubin Little NoHo: An Urban Planning Art Project In October 2008, the North Hollywood Arts Street Festival,the Community sponsored Redevelopment by Agency of Los Angeles, commissionedJames Rojas to create this interactive model of North Hollywoodon the North centered Hollywood metro subway station. After creatingstreets, pedestrian bike paths, parks, and water features out of everydayticipants objects, were allowed par to place and move 3-dimensional buildingsthe urban around plot. Over 200 people participated in James’ projectcommunity to create vision. a © James Rojas der, the $24 million, 100-foot tall megastructure meant to anchor the com

50 Open City 51 places, churches, and sports facili- apons can be anything—a GPS system, Squat of the Open City, for its mere numbers ties—places not always intended for a housing act or a regulation pertaining The Informal City Under as well for its new urban strategies of integration, but that fulfill that function to home-contents insurance. They all Construction self-organization. in practice. Without wishing to trivialize exercise influence on how segregation the damage that segregation has caused originates and further develops. Or is What is changing is that municipalities in separating rich and poor, black and reduced. The 101 weapons are brought Sub-curators: Jörg Stollmann no longer just bulldoze away or ignore white, the makers of Community are less together in the The Arsenal of Exclu- and Rainer Hehl their unplanned urban areas. Informal somber about the new sectarianism in sion/Inclusion collection. Visitors can cities are strong survivors. They have the USA than Mr. Bishop & Co. examine them in alphabetical order or one very practical rule, born out of ne- choose from five thematic tours. Gallery 3 cessity: act first and negotiate later. It One of the conclusions is that the older is a strategy from which the formal city recipes for an Open City are not wor- Worldwide more than one billion people can learn a few lessons. king in the suburbs. What if you look at The Exhibition live in slums, in rickety huts, squats, something lighter, simpler, more every- tents, under cardboard, but also in de- Squat is a wake-up call for thinking day? What if architects and planners The Arsenal of Exclusion/ serted multi-story buildings. And their about new strategies to legitimize the strived to single out the open, inclusive Inclusion number is increasing. These informal informal city. When looking closely at experiences that people have in the So you want to understand why cities are incredibly diverse and face the favelas, de gecekondus, barrios, and course of their everyday lives, and then America is so racially segrega- very specific challenges. They are an bidonvilles, we will see that the infor- thought up ways to multiply and enrich ted… undisputed parts of our future cities. mal city is under construction, and that those experiences? Could the Open City So you want to understand why How can we learn more about these ci- there are new actors on stage. There is be subtly slipped into a suburban com- segregation persists 40 years af- ties? How can architects and planners an increasing integration between the mute? Into a trip to the supermarket? ter the Far Housing Act… contribute to socially and ecologically old top-down methods and new bottom- A tailgating party? So you want to understand the sustainable development of these infor- up ways of doing this. In São Paolo weak tactics of the strong… mal cities? and Addis Ababa, the 4th IABR is now One of the contributions to a suburban, So you want to see who is wor- linking local stakeholders to expertise everyday Open City could be found in king undercover for the Open “We are no slum dogs. We are the fu- from around the world. the idea of a Suburban General Store. City… ture of India.” This was the slogan with This is a project that proposes to con- So you want to fight fire with which thousands of residents of Dhara- The Squat exhibition is divided into two vert the suburban pool house—an fire… vi in Mumbai, one of the world’s biggest sections: Construction of Knowledge underused community building found slums, protested against the film Slum- and Construction of the City. in most American subdivisions—into a The Open City Pops Up Where dog Millionaire. They were incensed General Store. That would put the eve- and When you Least Expect it about the title of the film, which tells of The knowledge section focuses on ryday needs of the average suburbanite Fictitious route along existing a poverty-stricken young slum-dweller urbaninform.net, a website that is a within walking distance. It is observed communities who wins a prestigious television quiz. place for knowledge sharing and dis- that half of the car trips in the suburb And they have a point. Despite the cli- cussion of local and global topics. It are for everyday needs. The General Towards an Everyday Open City ché of slums being synonymous with calls for building up the rich content of Store would reduce this auto-depen- Projects that open the city trouble, the perspective is changing. best-practice projects—ingenious and dency. And it would also be a gathering most times simple solutions for living place for the community. New American Privatopias According to UN-Habitat, the number of in undersupplied urban areas, with no people living outside the formal city will building materials, water or electricity. On the 4th IABR this project together have increased by another 400 million in Two examples are the Solar Water with others is presented. In addition, 2033. All these new city dwellers want Disinfecting Tarpaulin, based on the the exhibition consists of a “library” of access to work, education, health care, purification process in a cactus, and the 101 “weapons” that architects, project water, electricity, market, and social Super Adobe, a house built of plastic developers, urban planners, politicians, networks. Squat is their only access to bags filled with earth. and action groups can employ in favor the city. Whether we like it or not, the in- of or against the Open City. The we- formal city is part of the key to the future 52 Open City 53 - The image is taken from the inside of the favela Paraisópolis lookingwell-known at the highrise condominium image towers in the from background. the It is a reference Brazilian toperspective the photographer illustrates, Tucca Vieira showingthat© Jörg Stollmann the terraces urbanity with inside private the favela swimming is much pools richer overlooking and represents the favela. more Thepotentials change of for the concept of the ´Open City´. The areal photograph shows the favela Paraisópolis as a construction site in a moment of transition into a regular neighborhood. Housing in precari © Fabio Knoll ous sites have to be removed and relocated in order to guarantee a sustainableis in how far the social development cohesion for of the the whole communities area. The is challenge kept intact. of this transformation

54 Open City 55 - mon piece of land. The view is directed south towards cluster settlements of farmerstarted families. to subdivide Most of the and farmers sell lots to incoming are still settlers. working on their For land future whileclearly development, some of defined them have in theorder border to stay between within the guidelines countryside of theAddis and urban Ababa©Jörg development Master Stollmann Plan. has to be In a series of workshops, inhabitants of Kotebe Hana Mariam were askedcontribute how they envision in order their to achieve community a more coordinated to develop and what and sustainable they are willing urban to growth. This picture shows a group of 8 young mothers designing their© Martin com Herrmann

56 Open City 57 Urbaninform.net offers a new tool for for the future might be: Can the informal Collective Because there was no ownership of land uploading straightforward mini docu- city leapfrog the formal city? Architecture and Mass in the Soviet Union, there are no borders mentaries. By means of a slide show, Production separating buildings from public space. subtitles, and voice-overs, architects, It was owned by everyone; and therefore, urban planners, local stakeholders and The Exhibition by no one. Nowhere in the world are the- municipalities from all over the world Sub-curators: Bart Goldhoorn, re cities with so much public space can exhibit their ideas to the rest of the Construction of Knowledge, Alexander Sverdlov, and Anna between buildings as in Russia. After world. A selection of these ideas is sho- a selection of best practices Bronovitskaya 1989 and the fall of the Wall, this surplus wed at Squat. (plans and documentaries) on of openness proved fatal. Not only do de- urbaninform.net as well as at the mocracy and capitalism result in the in- The second section of Squat, Construc- exhibition Gallery 3 troduction of private property, it also tion of the City, focuses on two conur- produces huge differences in income, bations faced with a huge accumulation Construction of the City: Pa- In the Soviet Union from 1956 to 1989, crime, and a dramatic increase in the of illegal dwellings. Kotebe Hanna raisópolis (São Paulo, Brazil) and 50 million standard flats were erected number of cars on the roads. This pro- Mariam is located on a beautiful hilly Kotebe Hanna Mariam (Addis in districts known as Microrayons (1). cess has left its catastrophic mark on area east of Addis Ababa, the capital of Ababa, Ethiopia)—new projects After the collapse of the socialist regi- public space in the Microrayons. In parti- Ethiopia. It numbers thousands of huts on test sites with the participa- me these uniform districts are facing cular, looming crime has turned flat com- within a space of just over 60 hectares. tion of the inhabitants a crisis in public space. Nevertheless, plexes into forts (2). After the residents were driven out, according to the Collective exhibition, they returned shortly afterwards. The there is no need to fear mass producti- Despite these problems, mass produc- local government is now working with on in architecture. tion in architecture is a historical neces- the IABR, the TU Berlin, the University sity. Standard designs in housing con- of Addis Ababa and local architects to Public space is the key to creating good struction are still used in fast-growing develop an urban development scheme cities. The conditions for the Open City economies. Standardization enables that engages and negotiates with the are found on pavements, squares, par- large volumes of houses to be built settlers. Kotebe Hanna Mariam can be king places, underground stations, quickly. Only in Western Europe things seen as an embryonic city, a test case playgrounds, parks, tram stops, street are different. There, mass production for legitimizing informal housing. corners, and patios. That is where the was abandoned because the accompan- social intercourse of a city takes place. ying uniformity created urban problems. In Paraisópolis, with its 60,000 inhabi- That is the city’s soul. In Russian cities Rich countries have developed a system tants one of the largest informal settle- it is made clear what happens when de- in which the design covers not just the ments in the City of São Paulo, the se- sign dismisses public space. building, but also the entire building plot. gregation between the gated condomi- This means that consideration is given nium towers and the dense urban fabric The former socialist state built an to the design of open space. At the same of the inner-city favela is very explicit. awesome number of dwellings by using time, since each building plot is unique, A close look at the ground with com- standardized construction processes: it is no longer possible to make standard mercial activities in the streets and an prefab concrete slabs, identical floor designs. urban morphology that favors commu- plans, and landings. The number of nity organization and social cohesion floors may have differed per flat, but the This has resulted in relatively high urban shows surprising urban strength. Wit- doctor and the metal worker lived be- quality, but also in a painfully long plan- hout romanticizing the favela, the sub- hind the same front door, from the same ning process. In the Netherlands at pre- curators of Squat are looking for new front-door factory. The ideal of equality sent, the time between an idea for a pro- ways for architects, planners, and local in a socialist society combined well with ject and its realization takes 90 months. communities to interact and generate pragmatic mass production in architec- Unique designs require repeated proce- a new kind of urbanity. This city under ture. dures concerning local building permits, construction would grow from within fire-brigade regulations, aesthetic-buil- the slum—and the provocative question ding committees and what 58 Open City 59 The urban block as a product. A prototypical microrayon: a school and kindergardens surroundedby standard housing blocks. 3 1 Rising crime rates lead to the emplacement of metal gratingsfirst on floor apartment windows. A catalog of ready mades. 2 4

60 Open City 61 not. Plot development is therefore not Open City Event Program Co-organized by the IABR and the NAI, suitable for poor countries. They have the Open City Event Program contains neither the time nor the money to apply Curators: Jennifer Sigler and the following event-types: and follow these procedures. Saskia van Stein Keynote Lectures Collective presents a solution: combining The international lectures given by the best aspects of mass production with The Forum and Auditorium an esteemed group of specialists, site-specific design. Traditional models theorists, and other thinkers from of mass production may have led to a re- various disciplines form the core of petition of standard building modules, For 12 consecutive weeks the Forum he weekly program. The NAI’s ongoing but the application of contemporary prin- serves as the arena for an interdiscipli- lecture series, held on Thursday ciples of mass production offers totally nary program of events. Each week, from evenings at 8 pm, is temporarily integra- different opportunities. Wednesday through Sunday, a cluster ted with the 4th IABR. Among the spea- The essence of this proposed solution is of activities revolves around a certain kers are Kees Christiaanse, Lars Lerup, that designs are made for sites as a theme: lectures, films, workshops, pre- Eyal Weizman, Abdou Maliq whole, but that the sizes of the sites are sentations, dance, debates, tours, excur- Simone, Shuddhabrata Sengupta, standardized—just as there are sions, music, and literature. The themes Roberta Brandes Gratz, and Saskia standards for shoe sizes. This means that include both Open City sub-themes— Sassen. architects can design projects that can be Maakbaarheid (‘ma:kba:rɦɛ:it), Refuge, utilized at various locations (3). Standar- Reciprocity, Community, Squat, and Film Program dization will then result in an increase in Collective— and other topics related to The IDFA (International Documentary variation, not in uniformity. Referring to the Open City such as Connectivity, Fear, Film Festival Amsterdam) is the world’s the shoe industry again: because anyone Migration, Access, and the work of Jane largest documentary film festival. At the can produce for the same market, there is Jacobs. IABR's request, IDFA has organized a only a given amount of sizes, but thousands of models to choose from. This approach can lead to a huge variety of ready-made designs that can be built quickly and at various locations (4). Suc- cessful projects will be repeated; others improved or discarded. The user can choose freely; architects will compete on the basis of their products. And public space, the pour cousin of the standard housing project, will get the attention it deserves: the projects will always fit.

The Exhibition

Laboratory: The Soviet City

Capitalist Transformations

Mass Housing Worldwide

Block City: A Manifesto © Maxwan architects + urbanists: Anna Borzyszkowska 62 Open City 63 special documentary film series on the Curators’ Tours Open City: Designing Coexis- Part Two: Situations city, to be screened in the Forum on Guided tours by the sub-curators of tence – The Book Part Two documents research and Wednesdays at 3:30 pm and on Sundays Maakbaarheid, Refuge, Reciprocity, proposals by international architects, at noon. IDFA presents both classics Community, Squat, and Collective are urban designers, and activists who were and new documentaries during the se- held during the weekend of each res- Editors: Tim Rieniets, Jennifer asked to initiate urban design projects ries, selected in relation to the cluster pective cluster. Each tour is introduced Sigler, Kees Christiaanse in situations where the Open City is themes. with a presentation in the Forum. most challenged. Major authors include Crimson Workshops, Debates, and Weekend and other Events In an age when migration is changing Architectural Historians; Interboro Symposia On the IABR's website, an extensive the face of many cities, when mass mo- Partners; Stephen Cairns and Daliana Held on Fridays, workshops, conferen- overview of the Open City Event Pro- bility and communication are altering Suryawinata; Philipp Misselwitz and ces, seminars, and symposia bring to- gram, and updates on book launches, our perception of distance and diffe- Can Altay; Jörg Stollmann and Rainer gether practitioners, academics, and special film screenings, musical and rence, when individualism has become a Hehl; Bart Goldhoorn and Alexander special-interest groups for presentati- theatrical interventions, as well as driving force of social life, the Open City Sverdlov. The book includes contribu- ons and knowledge-exchange on topics VPRO radio and film events are publis- is a tenuous notion. As our cities grow tions by photographers Bas Princen, related to the cluster themes. hed and kept up to date. and diversify, the question is no longer Armin Linke, and Aglaia Konrad, among These include the Open City Master if we want to live together, but how to others. Class presentation, a symposium on the See www.iabr.nl live together—how to share the resour- relevance of Jane Jacobs in the Dutch ces and opportunities cities offer. context organized by Trancity, a work- shop led by Eyal Weizman, a participa- The 4th International Architecture Bi- tory “Gotong Royong” workshop and ennale Rotterdam launched the theme performance, a roundtable on “The Open City: Designing Coexistence to Right to the City,” and a seminar with generate concrete answers to this ques- Ethiopian students in Rotterdam. In ad- tion. This book presents research and dition, the Rotterdam housing corpora- proposals by international experts who tion Woonstad, partner of the 4th IABR, were asked to develop methods to facili- is organizing a debate entitled "Who tate access and promote coexistence in Makes the City?" on the occasion of its the contemporary city. 100-year anniversary. During the ope- ning weekend, the symposium "Squat: Part One: Dimensions Urbaninform" will take place. In Part One, writers from different disciplines—architecture, urban design, Open Podium sociology, ethnography, geography, law, The Open Podium explores how disci- history, economy, and urban design— plines related to architecture take on the map various theoretical dimensions of the challenges and dilemmas of “designing Open City and consider the global forces coexistence.” Each Friday afternoon, a that challenge it. local “cultural ambassador” hosts a Contributors include Ash Amin, performance, presentation, or discussi- Marc Angelil, Regina Bittner, Stephen on related to the theme of that week. Cairns, Kees Christiaanse, Angelus The contributors are encouraged to lea- Eisinger, Gerald Frug, Stephen Graham, ve behind “residue” of their acts—a Dieter Läpple, Mark Michaeli, Robert small, temporary exhibition that remains Neuwirth, Arnold Reijndorp, Tim until another ambassador claims the Rieniets, Christian Salewski, Saskia podium on the following Friday. Open Sassen, Peter Sloterdijk, Michael

Podium events begin at 5 pm. Zinganel. SUN Publishers, design: Mevis & Van Deursen ISBN: 9789085067832, 42,50 Euro, 350 pages, language: English 64 Open City 65 Parallel Cases//IABR@RDM A special award, the Parallel Cases Biennale Award, initiated by the Rot- Curator: Ralf Pasel terdam Academy of Architecture and Urban Design, is associated with the 26 September – 13 December Parallel Cases exhibition. During the opening, an international panel of RDM Campus judges chaired by the Chief Govern- ment Architect Liesbeth van der Pol announces the winner of the award, In the Parallel Cases exhibition, stu- based on the entry that offers the dent teams respond to the worldwide best, most inventive and creative ap- call by the 4th International Architec- proach to the challenge of shaping the ture Biennale Rotterdam to propose Open City. In addition to Van der Pol, projects that shape the theme and the the jury consist of Floris Alkemade future of the Open City. (architect), Emiliano Gandolfi (curator and critic), Dieter Läpple (profes- The 45 selected projects from 28 uni- sor regional and urban economics, versities from 20 countries show how HafenCity University Hamburg), and students and their teachers—using Lars Lerup (professor of architecture drawings, models, films or other au- and Dean of Rice University, Hous- diovisual means—think that architec- ton). tural and urban development projects can help shape social cohesion. The Parallel Cases takes place at the mo- exhibition shows how city life is ex- numental “Innovation Dock” on the plored and examined, along with the site of the Rotterdam Droogdok Maat- role that the layout of the city plays schappij (RDM), a former shipyard in the development of contemporary in the center of the port area. In se- conurbations. In addition, Parallel lecting this venue, RDM Campus, the Cases takes an inquisitive look at our choice was made to show the oppor- future cities, and at how urban life will tunities of the Open City in a specific develop. Rotterdam context. Until just before the start of the exhibition, the area Some exhibition projects are directly had undergone a radical transformati- related to Open City: Designing on. The site was converted into a new Coexistence; others focus on sub- Rotterdam center of expertise—the jects linked to five of the sub-themes; RDM campus—where, besides the Refuge, Diaspora(*), Community, Rotterdam Academy of Architecture Squat, and Collective. and Urban Design, various other Rot- 66 Open City 67 situated. Innovative companies are The Exhibition Turkey is at the doorstep of stimulated to move to Innovation the EU, and Istanbul is waiting Dock and to enter into expertise rela- Squat to be crowned the Cultural Capital of Europe in 2010. New tionships with these schools and trai- Use the Potentials of adaptation laws are passing ning centers. Your City! Recycling through the parliament, and Neukölln, Berlin the future capital of culture Besides being surrounded by the Technical University wants to clean up its informal Berlin (DE) parts, which are considered port’s fully automated container in- embarrassing. Gulensu, a 30- dustry, RDM Campus also borders Sportpark de Wierden in the year gecekondu (informal city) directly on Heijplaat, a traditional Netherlands is presently plan- with 50,000 inhabitants, is garden village that was gradually ab- ned as a new expansion for confronted with top-down Almere Haven, a 30-year-old modernistic transformation sorbed by the growth of the port area new town. The biggest ambiti- plans of the city. While resi- during the last century. Together, the on of the municipality is to de- dents resist the city govern- shipyard and the village form a unique velop the area in an organic ment’s plans, they form colla- company town. fashion. Responsive City borations with academics and Game was designed as an al- NGOs to prepare their city for ternative to traditional partici- changing socio-economic Who has a say in the city? pation models. Game agents conditions. * When the 4th IABR sent out its call for propos- How do we negotiate design organized a city without pre- als to institutes of higher education world-wi- and use of our neighborhood? set rules, based on their indi- de, one of the six sub-themes of the main Do we ask for permission, vidual visions. Negotiations exhibition Open City: Designing Coexistence, Reciprocity, was still being approached from or isn’t it public property took place during the game another perspective and was at that time titled anyway? Especially neigh- ensuring a collective order for Diaspora. borhoods at the fringes of the the new city. (1) Kassioum: city are spaces wherein ques- Spontaneous tions of self-determination Settlement in and participation should be Damascus Technical challenged to foster lived-in University Dresden democracy. Use the Potenti- (DE) als of your City! is organizing Intensive work on the topic workshops with the Neukölln Eurasian Informality of spontaneous settlements neighborhood administration Technische Universiteit will influence our fundamen- in order to put leftover ma- Delft & International tal view of architecture and terials and urban spaces to New Towns Institute urban design. This project is productive use for the local Almere (NL) a comprehensive empirical community. collection of facts and maps of a settlement at Mount Kas- sioum, in Damascus, Syria. It is the result of interviews, Responsive City Game conversations, drawings, and Technische Universiteit surveys. All together, 35 hou- Delft & International ses and the connected public New Towns Institute spaces in a given part of the Almere (NL) settlement were ana 68 Open City 69 lyzed by students of the Tech- Indian Star: Little nical University of Dresden. Spots for the Small Ones Rotterdamse Coexistence as Academie van Bouw- Survival kunst (NL) Politecnical University Indian Star is the search for of Turin (IT) a flexible solution that can be used in several developing countries. Its result is a simple prefabricated building system swimming pools. On the other that offers a spatial structure side of the hill, the average lot that is based upon each indivi- size is about 160 m2, and does dual spot. It offers the possibi- not contain any vegetation or lity to claim this little spot and water supply. express its identity, motivated by the notion that every person is unique and longing for his Displacement own small part in the bigger Settlements: Becoming picture. Informal Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)

The City of Mumbai uses 1 public space in an extreme way. Playing cricket in narrow alleys or using sewage pipes as sidewalks are essential in the daily life of the city. Rede- velopment takes place with hardly any attention given to Coexistence Project: existing communities. The city Somewhere in Lima Displacement Settlements swallowed the villages of the Ricardo Palma is a PhD research on the mor- Kolis, original inhabitants of University Lima (PE) pho-genetics of informality: the area. The future of these The site of this project sums up neighborhoods of spontane- settlements is seriously ques- many of the urban conditions ous emergence that subdivide tioned, and on their own they that have developed in the city and populate city-outskirts have no hope facing the big of Lima in recent years; the through processes in which transformations. Coexistence coexistence between rich and incipient ephemeral ranches, as Survival envisions the cre- poor populations who live very by evolution in time, become ation of a network of Koli vil- close to each other, only divided complex and permanent ur- lages within Mumbai's urban by the top of a hill. On one side, ban pieces. Becoming Infor- fabric. the average lot size is about mal traces the displacement 3,000 m2, and many of the pro- path of a sample of living ca- perties contain big gardens and ses in Bogota, presenting mor 70 Open City 71 phological components ac- (2) A Place In Heaven, A cording to their chronological Place in Hell: Tactical emergence and expressing Operations in São possible links to the political, Paulo’s Informal Sector economic, and socio-cultural Graduate School of forces that generate them. Design Harvard University (US) “Cantinho do Céu” (A Place in Heaven) is an informal city in Urban Tactics: the south of São Paulo. With When I think of Rio 30,000 inhabitants, this area is de Janeiro… situated at the city’s largest year’s focus on informal set- Technische Universiteit water reservoir and causes tlements in Kumasi, Ghana. Eindhoven (NL) serious pollution in large The objective of the collabo- parts of São Paulo. Unem- ration between the Rotterdam ployment, crime, and poverty Academy of Architecture and are rampant. As traditional Urban Design, the IHS of planning has failed, the Har- Erasmus University Rotter- vard Studio deployed a set of dam, and the KNUST in Ghana discrete tactical operations to is to combine design, plan- initiate an alternative future. ning, and research in order to A special focus was placed come up with broad and inte- on the development of public gral solutions for today’s ur- space through living infra- ban challenges. Four projects structure leading to new op- of interdisciplinary teams portunities of income genera- show different solutions for tion. dealing with the specific situ- ation of the settlement Ayigya This project triggers the dis- in Kumasi, Ghana. cussion of self-managed ur- banism as a form of urban de- velopment. The urban desig- ner adopts another attitude WOC - Working on Global Studio and becomes a scenario wri- Cities: Ghana ATL University of Sydney ter. Urban Tactics are ways in Rotterdamse Acade- (AU), University of which people appropriate pu- mie van Bouwkunst Rome La Sapienza (IT), blic space to serve their spe- (NL), Institute for Columbia University cific needs, they form the ba- Housing and Urban (US) in samenwerking sis for this new kind of urban Development Studies met Istanbul Technical development. The project is – IHS (NL) University (TR) en located in a degraded area in Kwame Nkrumah Middle Eastern Tech- Rio de Janeiro and shows an University of Science nical University (TR) approach that upgrades the and Technology - (2005); University of “invisible city” physically wit- KNUST - (GH) British Columbia (US) hout destroying it socially. WOC – Working on Cities is (2006); University of an interdisciplinary design Witwatersrand (ZA) 2 and research studio with this (2007/08) 72 Open City 73 This project attempts to study despite their illegal and infor- Nairobi in terms of its basic mal status in Nairobi as refu- human activities, by looking gees, Somalis have managed at how people live, work in or to develop a highly complex move through the city, and urban situation with extremely in a wider context thereby to sophisticated qualities. reformulate the discourse on “urban Africa.” The Kibera study, that is part of the Nai- robi project, aims to overcome Global Studio is an annual the prejudiced view of slums place-based action research as places of pure despair and program where national and represents Kibera in all its international students, acade- rich complexity. mics, and professionals in city (4) Shoafat RC building come together with Bezalel Academy of local governments, NGOs, Art and Design and Central Budget Organiza- Jerusalem (IL) tions to set up collaborations Shoafat RC was established with disadvantaged communi- Refuge in 1965 to provide shelter for ties. Informed by the UN Mil- 1.500 Palestinian refugees. 3 lennium Development Goals, Small Urban Refuge Today, as the only UNRWA the program promotes forms Community: Nairobi on camp within the municipal of professional education the Ground boundaries of Jerusalem, and practice that can benefit ETH Studio Basel 18,000 Palestinians reside under-served communities (ETH Zürich) (CH) met within its borders and its gro- and facilitate bottom-up, col- University of Nairobi, wing periphery. Compared to laborative partnerships. School of Architec- the rest of Jerusalem, Shoafat ture (KE), en Graduate RC could be considered the School of Design Har- most urban space in the city. (3) Kibera: Nairobi on the vard University (US) The project will uncover the Ground Can we think of Nairobi as an possibility of a sustainable ETH Studio Basel ordinary city? Can we challen- approach to development in (ETH Zürich) (CH) met ge the predominant way of ap- Shoafat RC, achieved through University of Nairobi, proaching “the African City” reinforcing its embedded po- School of Architec- that focuses mostly on issues tentials and realized through ture (KE), en Graduate of development or binary op- architecture. School of Design Har- posites failing to register the vard University(US) complexities on the ground? Can we think of Nairobi as an This project attempts to study Refugee Spaces: ordinary city? Can we challen- Nairobi in terms of its basic Nation State versus ge the predominant way of ap- human activities, by looking at City Networks proaching “the African City” how people live, work or move Bauhaus Dessau that focuses mostly on issues through the city, and in a wider Foundation (DE) of development or binary op- context thereby to reformulate Refugee Spaces visualizes posites failing to register the the discourse on “urban Afri- how the German nation state 4 complexities on the ground? ca.” This project shows how, defines limits of refugees’ 74 Open City 75 normally only used in the takeover: the forgotten lands, Spatial Limbo tion at the film location. Both groups. This project deals Summer. The clubhouses of the disconnected infrastruc- Tamkang University, videos were shot at night, the with the concept of decentra- open-air swimming pools of- ture network and the camps’ Taipei (TW) external view of the petrol sta- lization. By research and de- fer the infrastructure required temporality. Adrift between decline and tion from a long shot and the sign, the anxiety and possible by homeless shelters, ranging renewal and caught in the am- hermetic in-cabin room from future of this village is being from showers to kitchens, yet biguous phase of planning’s the perspective of the back revealed. they are closed from October “twilight zone, Spatial Limbo seat of the car. to May. The interventions that implies places that are lagged would create much needed SEED_Emergent out of public investment and King Street Dynamism: sleeping spaces, are small Housing Initiative private development. As the Tactics for Revitalizing a and inexpensive and therefore Clemson University condition of indeterminacy Multicultural Neighborhood offer a realistic solution to a (US) drags on, the border between University of Washington serious problem. Tri-County Technical private and public becomes (US) mobility and the possibilities College (US) fuzzy and sprawling. It beco- of placement through power mes a place made of uncom- structures, and how the city Crisis Squatting promising differences in a in contrast offers high urban Strategy collective instead of a com- mobility and densities—par- Veritas University (CR) mon mode, and people who ticularly in migrant districts— are living or squatting “in where refugees find possibi- between” altogether make up lities to move beyond coding a social network of interde- Redesigning of of status and restrictions, and pendency. Zhongxin breach the isolation prescri- Tamkang University bed by the politics of refugee (TW) camps. The military dependent villa- King Street Dynamism ad- SEED addresses the relation- ge Zhongxin is one of the dresses future transformation ship between industrial waste, most significant clusters in and revitalization of Seattle’s global trade and emergency contemporary Taiwanese Transnational District. Re- housing. This project recycles society. Its unique cultural jecting a static master plan, Swimming Pools surplus shipping containers background and its high King Street is viewed as a dy- Shelters into safe, secure, and dignified density living situation has namic and changing lands- Technical University housing that once “planted” triggered a debate with pre- cape. King Street Dynamism Berlin (DE) will evolve uniquely in the my- servation and demolition at envisions temporary and in- Crisis Squatting Strategy pro- riad socio-economic conditi- its extremes. The renovation cremental tactics to activate poses to develop and imple- ons of the Caribbean. The pro- of these villages has not only sites and relationships. It for- ment temporal crisis infra- ject mixes extremely low cost Diaspora become a physical planning mulates strategies that structure as a means of prefabricated elements (Water issue but also a struggle strengthen the vitality and regaining possession of Pod, Technology Pod and Startankstelle between different interest continuity of ethnic identity public space in San Jose, Emergent Garden) with simple Academy of Visual and activities. It addresses Costa Rica. It imagines the modifications to the shipping Arts Leipzig (DE) both the spatial and temporal fracture from an earthquake container to catalyze ware- The subject of the video work dimensions of change, and crisis as an opportunity to housed shipping containers Startankstelle is a petrol sta- engages the interconnecti- Swimming Pool Shelters develop an Open City show- throughout the Caribbean into tion on the edge of the city ons, layers, and networks wit- is a Berlin-based project to room. After a serious earth- emergency dwellings. shown in two-channel video hin an Open City. provide winter shelters for quake in the metropolitan projection: a view from out- the homeless by activating area, three additional steps side and a view from inside. the use of buildings that are are the tools for a public space There is no direct interven- 76 Open City 77 Ethnic Streets in the Munich including perspecti- World ves of cultural anthropology, Tokyo Polytechnic history and art. 25 Students University (JP) designed their own research projects and cooperated with artists to develop artistically driven representations. The resulting 15 individual pro- jects represent Munich as a city universally affected by the history of migration. Thus and organizers. It shows why Crossing Munich tries to de- they engage in the creation velop a new narration of the of green community spaces presence of migration in Mu- through appropriating ur- nich by taking up the perspec- ban spaces and grassroots tive of migration itself. activity. The film also is an innovative approach to how Ethnic Streets in the World is interview material and empi- looking for ways to alleviate rical research results can be the tension between immi- transformed into a film docu- grants and the original Japan- ment. ese community, and to stimu- late integration and under- standing through urban plan- (5) The Arsenal of ning. The aim is to identify Exclusion areas where social and urban Maryland Institute infrastructures could be College of Art (US) 5 improved for the benefit of the The Arsenal of Exclusion is a ethnic communities by re- “dictionary” of tools that ar- search and analysis, to con- Community chitects, developers, urba- sequently build a fundamental nists, politicians, and acti- database of the results, and Urban Green vists can use against or in fa- to enlighten people by intro- Institute of Housing vor of the Open City. In Spring ducing former examples. and Urban Develop- 2009, the research seminar ment Studies (IHS) “Architecture, Art, and the van de Erasmus Open City” produced an Ar- Universiteit Rotterdam senal of (NL) Exclusion that focused on the Crossing Munich: The research film Urban city of Baltimore, Maryland, Migration - Places, Green is part of an academic United Sates. The team re- Images and Debates research project on com- searched thirty weapons, and Ludwig Maximilian munity engagement and made thirty brochures—one University Munich (DE) place-making processes in for each tool—that were exhi- Crossing Munich is an inter- public urban spaces. The bited in public spaces around disciplinary research and ex- film portrays the meanings of Baltimore for one week in hibition project on the history community garden projects May, 2009. and presence of migration in to the involved participants 78 Open City 79 Field Guide to New cal situation on the ground plex network of urban spaces Jersey Communities in the spring of 2009, this is being explored. New Jersey Institute of research project offers both Technology (US) a retrospective of the model of the master-planned com- munity (at the moment of its potential demise) and a european COMMU- snapshot of the current situ- NITY of europeans ation of crisis. Hogeschool voor We- tenschap en Kunst Sint Reinventing Suburbia Lucas, Brussel-Gent after the Crisis (BE) University of California at Berkeley (US)

In Fall 2008, during a design studio, the concept of the Open City in relation to speci- fic New Jersey communities was explored. Each of the stu- dio participants developed a case study of a certain com- munity and a proposal to pro- vide a physical and social in- Learning from Europe; the frastructure for the Open City. European ways of living. The The studio participants colla- idea of Europe is an attempt boratively produced a two-vo- towards a super national form lume Field Guide to New of coexistence: unity in diver- Jersey Communities in which sity. This unique situation cre- 6 the case studies and propo- ates a platform for research sals were included. The American suburb has on strategies and processes been seriously challenged towards an Open City. These by the current economic strategies or principles are recession. The ongoing projected/tested by explora- (6) Mapping the Middle erosion of the suburban tive design on two different Landscape: Planned model may itself be leveraged European locations. Prague Community as a method of intervening in its strategic position in Vassar College (US) and ultimately transforming the development of Eastern Master-planned communities these places. Conformity will Europe, and Brussels as one have become the dominant give way to new actors and of the official capitals and the model of urbanization in the new spatial uses. Crumbling institutional center of Europe. United States and are at the edges will be opportunities center of the current fore- for integration into larger closure crisis. Looking at ecosystems. both the history of a number The catalysts and processes of planned communities in needed to transform the America and at the economi- suburb into a vital and com- 80 Open City 81 Collective on in the contem- Happy Go Lucky: spatially, forming a sequence their context. It is possible to porary Post-Generic City. Structure and Incident of complex, layered territories make a script of the sequence InBetween Expiration as a form of natural Brandenburg Polytech- and entities, divided by some- of “soundless spaces” and Timisoara Polytechnic selection or evolution of nic University (DE) times blurry and sometimes “open spaces,” which will University (RO) urban fabric and architectural straight-forward lines, each be specific for each housing types creates opportunities with their own logic and their type. The scenario of for for new and hybridized pro- own spatial specificities. jects to emerge. What are the Border Conditions shows “new futures”? Will the “Ge- two case studies related to neric City” continue to stay the (Post-) Socialist city; the factory, it is now clearly un- generic, will it become more mappings done within Havana able to adapt to the new needs globalized, or will it (Cuba), and Kiev (Ukraine). of its residents. Krasnova is return to its unique local an urban island were infra- identity? structure, public transport, services, and retail trade are almost non-existent. The aim Urban Transformation Happy Go Lucky is about a de- What we find today in the of Translating Krasnova is to of Pyongyang, North sign that operates in an area of “dormitory neighborhood” is translate this pure product of Korea former GDR-planning, east of example a suburban house the human element, trying to modernity into a sustainable Harvard University the Alexanderplatz in Berlin. can then be transposed to a recycle spatial handicaps, en- neighborhood, using the po- (US) While there is an increasing gallery apartment building. ding up with a reluctant and tential of the semi-public strain on the neighborhood split urban environment, trap- space as catalyst. due to a vast change in its so- ped InBetween an “unfitting” cial patterns, the initial pro- Open City heritage and an “unspoken” Post-Generic City: gram fails to adapt to future desire of belonging and sense Pearl River Delta needs. By amplifying the exis- Urban Surfers, of community. This study Chinese University of ting structure, the project of- Neighborhood Fans&Co brings on Christopher Hong Kong (CN) fers differentiated private and Gottfried Wilhelm Alexander’s “Pattern Langua- public space for new residents (De)scripting Space: Leibniz Universitity of ge” to offer insights in the un- as well as for current users. In Search of Social Hannover (DE) settled relationship between Consequences of Urban Surfers, Neighborhood the context, seen as the Apartment Building Fans&Co worked together whole, and the events and ac- Pyongyang, the capital of Infrastructure with three school classes and tions that define and are de- North Korea, is at the starting Border Conditions: ArtEZ, Academie van implemented methods of de- fined by the context. point of economic transition. Transformations in the Bouwkunst Arnhem sign, such as model making, The new market-oriented sys- (Post-)Socialist Cities (NL) mapping, and experiments in tem will influence the physical Kiev and Havana When a group of animatedly public space. It asked questi- Rapid urbanization in the morphology of Pyongyang. Technische Universiteit talking people enter an elev- ons on spatial strategies and Pearl River Delta has changed Urban spaces that are charac- Delft (NL) ator, all discussions and relevant spatial dimensions: over the past ten years since terized as socialist urban mor- Border Conditions investi- laughter are bound to stop, Translating Krasnova Rem Koolhaas proclaimed his phology are the weakest parts gates borders in urban border the so called “elevator effect”. ETH Zürich (CH) urban theories on the “Gene- in the city during the transiti- zones in order to gain insight This effect is not limited to Krasnova is a common Russi- ric City.” Extreme market me- on. An incremental growth into spatial practices in urban elevators but appears in nu- an neighborhood located in chanisms with “Chinese cha- model that focuses on those areas. Borders are spaces of merous situations in many the city of Perm where 18,000 racteristics,” and dense urban areas is proposed for the futu- encounter as well as places apartment buildings. In these people live. Originally built to landscapes have created con- re of Pyongyang. where conflicts and contra- “soundless spaces” the re- host the workers of an engine ditions of typological expirati- dictions manifest themselves sidents feel detached from 82 Open City 83 how do juveniles use and per- traditional analytical metho- ETH Zürich (CH) ceive their city? What spaces dology, research methods on Open City Rotterdam? ela- are part of their daily net- functioning have been used. borated on different levels works and how do they con- The neighborhoods are dis- and scales and with different nect them? Results are five tinctively different in charac- topics on a conceptual and types of youth city users and ter and probably display diffe- spatial transformation of the strategies for developing the rent types of “open” constel- center of Rotterdam into an city and public open spaces. lations. In a final step the con- Open City. Forty students stellations found, will be lin- worked at the same time on (7) Leaping the Fence: ked together in order to achie- their own projects as well Olympic Legacy Now ve “open-ness” as required as on three collective state- Royal College of Art, for a metropolis like Hamburg. ments. These statements London (UK) were formulated in a process An endless blue fence has of constant discussion and divided East London—the exchange between the groups perimeter construction and are shown in a wooden hoarding of the 2012 Olympic Rotterdam: Open City model, scale 1:500. Park, a political symbol of Rotterdamse Acade- the area’s imminent gentri- mie van Bouwkunst fication. Leaping the Fence (NL) re-imagines the potentials of In 2009, the International the fence, exploring ways in Interdependence which a material designed to UK_Open City keep people out, to exclude, University of Sheffield and divide communities, can (UK) 7 be appropriated and reused Interdependence UK_Open to catalyze occupation of the site. Using only the fence, this provisional collection of urban furniture has been de- signed for local communities’ needs, to promote owner- ship of the site and provide a Summer School of the Rotter- transferable model of partici- dam Academy of Architecture patory development. and Urban Design was devo- ted to the theme Open City. Five out of six sub-themes of Open Constellation the 4th IABR have been linked University of Hamburg to five sites in the center of (DE) Rotterdam. The design as- The Open City has to regene- signment was formulated by City investigates the United rate in every single day's acti- crossbreeding these five sub- Kingdom as an Open City ons and interactions. Three themes with the issues that condition—that of cities exis- neighborhoods in Hamburg are urgent at those sites. ting within a wider ecosystem. have been examined with re- The British public service gard to their “open-ness” in broadcast starkly reveals 8 everyday life. In addition to (8) Open City Rotterdam? 84 Open City 85 the hidden infrastructures plary urban designs and soci- The Free State of Amsterdam significant for cities elsewhere in the that nourish this island archi- al strategies for a city that is (Vrijstaat Amsterdam) world that strive for openness and tecture. The broadcast brings lacking “cityness” and public that cherish values such as tolerance conversations about global space. environmental change, the Curator: Zef Hemel and liberty: cities that see diversity as UK and its support systems the very essence of their existence. into the public domain, ques- OpenBerlin: An 27 September – 8 November tioning the things we take for Alternative Model for Nine firms of young urban planners granted. An inverted diaspora the Just Use of Space. will be revealed—a complex Technical University Former Shell Canteen in the Tolhuis- from Amsterdam and Rotterdam have web of dependencies that Berlin (DE) tuin, Amsterdam therefore fleshed out their vision of make up Interdependence freedom and planning in nine large- UK_Open City. scale models for various areas of their As its contribution to the 4th Inter- proposed metropolis. None of these national Architecture Biennale Rot- designs lay any claim to practicability, When I Was Six: Dubai terdam (IABR), the Municipality of but neither are they mere utopias. Be- Metrozone Amsterdam presents the city of Am- cause this is an exercise in increasing Technical University Berlin (DE) sterdam as a “Free State”—a place the degrees of freedom—with room where designers display their ideas for improvisation, new insights, and As an alternative to the pre- about a free and open future —in the interaction with local residents—the sently rapid sale of public ur- exhibition The Free State of Amster- designs could perhaps be better des- ban land by the Berlin govern- ment, OpenBerlin initiates and dam (Amsterdam Vrijstaat). Amster- cribed as “splendid accidents.” The guides processes of negotiati- dam wants to give new meaning to the designers only wish to present stra- on and distribution of space in saying “The city’s air is liberating”. tegies and ideas, not actual plans. To which all interested urbanites avoid even a hint of official blue-print- can take part. The OpenBerlin web-tool steers processes of Specifically, Amsterdam has asked ing, they continue to work on their community building and the itself whether there is a form of plan- models during the Biennale, integrat- generation of development ning that increases rather than res- ing ongoing input and thus making concepts with the support of tricts the degrees of freedom. Can the exhibition a true workplace that specialists and experts. The OpenBerlinMobile calls atten- chance, flashes of inspiration and reveals its full potential only towards tion to available properties, af- spontaneity be a part of the plan- the end. The construction of the Metro fords the opportunity to explo- ning process? Is there room to ex- Dubai is (mis)understood as re them and provides a com- periment? How quickly can the city an instrument of urban plan- mon space for face-to-face ning in a city without urba- workshops, discussions, and adapt to changing circumstances? nism. A comprehensive photo other events. Can planning be multi-layered, open- documentation of the emer- ended, full of paradoxes and, in some ging tracks by the local archi- respects, chaotic and open? These tect and photographer Rebal questions are relevant now that Am- Knayzeh captures the longest construction site at the Gulf sterdam is preparing a new master as a starting point for exem- development plan, but could also be 86 Open City 87

The Exhibition cultures will have an exciting temporary playground here. This will result in a (1) Western Harbor District: creative free port that never sleeps and Temporarily Open as Strategy that inspires great schemes. Rietveld Landscape I Atelier de Lyon (2) The River IJ North Bank: Amsterdam has a tradition of free Experiments on Noorderveld states along the River IJ, and many Urhahn Urban Design sub-cultures found a cheap place to Urhahn Urban Design has focused on experiment there. It became a breeding northern Amsterdam: what could this ground for the art scene and generated rough low-lying former polder mean to a night life of international dimensions. its local residents? What is the soul of But compared with a creative city such this northern part of the city? While the as Berlin, Amsterdam presently has lit- residents from south of the river have tle cheap space to experiment. occupied the southern banks of the Ri- Health, environmental, and ver IJ, Urhahn Urban Design has laun- safety regulations pose an obstacle to ched a bid for the independence of the ordinary planning and residential pro- north part of Amsterdam—declaring a jects in the harbor, but the designers free state within the Free State: a place believe that, on the contrary, such ru- where Northerners can do their own les and regulations can create unique thing and at the same time form a new conditions for a creative Free State. It collectivity. 1 2 is for example possible to generate an The forest of Vliegenbos is the excessive number of decibels 24 hours a place where the people of North Am- day and to exceed height restrictions in sterdam can shape their own freedom. this seaport north of Central Station. In A part of this area will become public other words, the designers are bending space, belonging to no one, and there- the many (restricting) rules to their ad- fore to everyone, and where circuses vantage. and fairs can be held. The rest of the The dock industry has taken forest will be parceled out so that eve- Amsterdam’s ambitions to become ryone can do as he or she likes: set up one of the best creative cities in Europe a campsite, dig vegetable allotments, seriously. But that demands an expe- build a beer garden: a true people’s rimental breeding ground. That is why park. The remaining factories will be the port offers cheap temporary space cherished and the old factory of Albe- to experiment. This breeding ground is marle will even have its own island. constantly on the move because empty buildings are systematically being oc- (3) Eastern Islands: cupied and vacated. A physical inter- Freedom under Threat vention, a movable generator for the Karres en Brands free port that hovers above the harbor The Eastern Islands, situated in the his- like a mysterious fleet of flying saucers, torical city of Amsterdam, have always is necessary to reconnect the harbor been fairly isolated, cut off from the city with the city. Young creative talents, by busy roads and water. The bustle of professionals, scientists (for example tourism and major events bypass this focusing on the transformation into an part of the inner city. There are however 3 ecologically sustainable port), and sub- smaller enclaves within these islands, 90 Open City 91 such as the science museum, NEMO, and sing a “small-scale mega structure” for the former navy base. Karres en Brands’ these neighborhoods to bring together design reinforces this isolation by resto- people, plants and animals: the Spi- ring waterways and removing motorways, noza Esplanade and the Free Street, or creating a car-free state where the space Rue Descartes, the former organic and that becomes available can be built on green, the latter geometric and urban; more densely and where the residents can two public thoroughfares, each with its colonize the remaining space informally. own course, where people can live and A new freedom will become possible if work. ZUS believes that public areas are cars are banned. In the same way that the cornerstones of freedom: the street convents and other walled complexes are is a source of social contacts and a ge- ambiguous—closed to outsiders, but si- nerator of urban capital. multaneously offering protection against an angry outside world—this labyrinthine (5) Head of the Amstelscheg: area can accommodate walled gardens and Landscape of Liberty self-proclaimed autonomies that can offer MUST stedebouw sanctuary to pressured artists, writers, po- The designers of MUST are surprised liticians and intellectuals. In other words: that the ambivalent term “metropolis,” isolation can have its own particular virtue. has recently acquired a positive conno- This theme is expressed in a scale-model tation in Amsterdam. A metropolis of- in which temporary autonomous states, in fers many civil liberties, but at the same splendid isolation from the metropolis, are time it gobbles up the surrounding 4 the core of a self-contained area, and con- landscape at a frantic pace. tributing to the future of the metropolis at MUST wants to halt this development. the same time. More than that, it believes that the landscape should fight back with every (4) Het Nieuwe Diep: weapon at its disposal. The Amstel- The “Free Street” of Amsterdam scheg, south of the city, must reclaim ZUS [Zones Urbaines Sensibles] land from Amsterdam, but should, at Amsterdam’s roots as Free State lie in the the same time contribute to it in the seventeenth century when the city was a shape of a new metropolitan landscape liberal society where goods, services and park. The design removes the villas, knowledge were freely exchanged. sports facilities, police stables and al- This was also enabled by Amster- lotments that have literally eaten away dam's clear urban network, formed by the parts of this unique landscape, and plan for the ring of canals from 1614. Within gives them back to the city. Real cows, this framework, the public domain was the providing the city with milk, cheese and ultimate venue for diversity, tolerance and meat, will graze here instead. A radical the exchange of ideas, and philosophers restoration of the authentic seventeenth such as Descartes and Spinoza praised century polder landscape will create a Amsterdam for it. productive park penetrating deep into The housing area around the Nieuwe the city. Diep consists of totally self-contained The reclaimed land to the east worlds separated by water and infrastruc- and west will be leveled every year and ture. Most of the public area has been released to the city residents. In the privatized and new arteries are necessary winter, this low-lying land will be under 5 to create a Free State here. ZUS is propo- water, but in spring, spacious parcels 92 Open City 93 will be auctioned to city dwellers to (7) Gaasperplas: cultivate seasonal crops. During the An Aquatic Free State season, farmers and city residents can Alle Hosper sell their products in a vast market hall If it were up to Alle Hosper, the suburb along the River Amstel. This will be the of Gaasperdam would become an aqua- place in Amsterdam where the “loci- tic free state. Separated from the city vores” will come completely into their by a distance of only ten kilometers, the own. residents of this lobe of Amsterdam are almost completely cut off from the (6) Duivendrechtse Veld: metropolis itself. The existing lake and From Urban District to Free City the beautiful Floriade Park can be seen Studioklok as an invitation to venture out of the Arjan Klok’s proposal for the future of metropolis, but they play this seduc- Duivendrechtse Veld demonstrates that tive role with too much modesty. That this now disorganized area offers many is why Alle Hosper is expanding the opportunities for living, working and re- lake almost to the River Gein, creating creating in complete freedom. The me- a water landscape designed to invite tropolis offers precisely the right frame- private investment in this landscape work: it is the place that brings together from the sixties. Hosper has abandoned a great diversity of individuals, ideas the idea of zoning and urban expansion and initiatives. A metropolis demands almost entirely. Because of the aquatic densely built areas, and the “Greater redefinition, the unassuming center of 6 7 Amsterdam” metropolis will encourage the Gein area will receive a tremendous freethinking and free enterprise. boost, and can be made accessible if Klok demonstrates that the in- the existing metro line is extended past dustrial estates along the Amstel can the lake to link up with the current other offer at least 25,000 new individual initi- arm of the metro. The nearby University atives for people to live, work, and relax. Medical Center will be responsible for This will result in a fascinating, totally the health care of the residents and for urban landscape accessible to eve- offering intramural care services to ryone by car. The Free City of “BijlmAir” local residents. This will create an at- brings together the best of Amsterdam. tractive area that can adjust to different The ingredients for the new Free City age groups, and that will gradually be are: maximum scope for private initia- developed into an inner urban area. tives and planning freedom, thousands of interesting places to live and work, an (8) Nieuwe Meer: Awareness eye-catching canal area, a welcoming Designers: Güller Güller and well-presented urban motorway architecture urbanism area, a wide range of sports facilities, Mathis Güller believes that the Nieuwe trend-setting modern monuments along Meer, the “natural void” between the in- the River Amstel, a high-urban sports ternational airport and the metro-polis, and leisure complex, and a trade center should become a global awareness for the automotive industry at the junc- zone: a continuously rewritable “blank” tion of the A2 and A9 motorways. And page for the global city. This is where people, many people, will be the heart the local should meet the global in a and soul of the BijlmAir Free City. modern-day agora. Amsterdam will be- 8 come a truly Free State when its resi 94 Open City 95 dents symbolize free thought and are spontaneously and without restriction. aware of what is happening elsewhere By using a special technique of in the world. Around the lake, the citi- scale modeling, the trees will literally zens of Amsterdam will be confronted grow during the Biennale and visitors with the rest of the world: the children will be presented with a special impres- on the island of the Schiphol golf links: sion of everything the city has to offer a “World Children;” the older residents true gourmand. on the sports strip where they can rest and recuperate: “World Health;” and the professionals on the waterfront: Side Program Vrijstaat Amsterdam “World Guests.” The waterfront will also be used for special events, and The side program of The Free State of thus be handed back to the citizens of Amsterdam is open, so that as many Amsterdam. Three buildings on the participants as possible—entrepre- same scale as the airport’s Schiphol neurs, philosophers, homeless, politici- Plaza or Amsterdam’s Central Station ans, ex-pats, poets, journalists, scien- will be constructed as a “Children’s tists, and commuters—can contribute. Museum, a “Reconvalescence Center,” All ensuing ideas about the future of and a “World Forum.” The metro line Amsterdam will thus be based on the will be extended to the airport, past the real, every-day experience of the people lake and linking all these spots. who live and work in the city.

9 (9) Sloterplas: Film Program The Land of Milk and Honey Film and video programs at the former B+B Shell Canteen in the Tolhuistuin sup- Designers B+B want to link Free State port the historical and contemporary with the Sloterplas, land of milk and relationship between the idea of free- honey. They believe that the area around dom and the city of Amsterdam. The this lake should be a place where peo- program is compiled in cooperation ple can celebrate their idleness, where with the International Documentary laziness and love are the prime values, Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA). where the food is excellent, and where fairy tales and dreams are the ultimate Young Free State expression of freedom. Also at the Tolhuistuin and in collabo- Magical lights will lead visitors to ration with various youth organizations the lake via open spaces in the woods. a special exhibition presents the per- The murky water must be cleansed, spective on Amsterdam by youngsters and its use as solar reservoir will turn and children living in the city. the lake into a source of new life. The lights in the trees refer to mystical spi- The Making of The Free State of rits. Lighting will give the Sloterplas a Amsterdam completely new identity. Lighting gene- From 13 October through 29 November, rates life and will encourage residents, the research material of the nine urban entrepreneurs and public bodies to take design offices is on display at the Zui- new initiatives. The lake will become a derkerk Information center in Amster- place where people can eat, drink, love dam. Interviews, subject models and and enjoy themselves late into the night, sketches illustrate the creative 96 Open City 97 process that preceded the designs for Urban Century: How the World 1926, film recordings since 1913, and the main exhibition. Becomes a City television since 1952) and the dedica- ted website eeuwvandestad.nl. This Morgen/Tomorrow International Urban Planning Congress Project Manager: Bregtje van der site contains a.o. citizens' ideas to The Morgen/Tomorrow international Haak improve life in the city, a web log and Urban Planning Congress is inspired special city walks by artists. In Sep- by the work of City Councilor Floor Starting 13 September tember widely viewed VPRO TV and Wibaut (1859-1936), the founding father of Amsterdam’s modern urban plan- radio programs such as Buitenhof, ning practice. The title is taken from a On radio, television, internet, maga- Andere Tijden, Draadstaal, Tegen- speech given by Wibaut in 1925 about zine, in the NAI, Rotterdam, and in the licht, Villa VPRO, Metropolis, and the future of the city, and on the occa- Zuiderkerk, Amsterdam Holland Doc all focus on the issues of sion of the 650th anniversary of the first documented mention of Amsterdam. urbanization. Mirroring the Congress of the Internati- onal Town Planning and Garden Cities We are living in the Urban Century. The most open city is a virtual city. Association staged in Amsterdam in Presently, more than 50 percent of the A seemingly infinite digital space wit- 1924, Morgen/Tomorrow brings together politicians, administrators and experts world population is living in cities— hout barriers, filled with chance to discuss and confront the topical chal- many of them in slums—and cities are encounters, unexpected opportunities lenges of worldwide urbanization. The continuing to grow. The city is no lon- and creative temptations. Urban themes of food, energy, drinking water, ger a spot on the map, but Century (Eeuw van de Stad) presents infrastructure, waste and ICT are pivo- tal, as these six factors will be decisive rather a way of being. The Dutch audio and video content about cities to the successful functioning of human- broadcasting corporation VPRO con- in several new ways. The complete kind in the city of the future. Case stu- siders this a reason to look back and programming, as well as the complete dies from Pittsburgh, Chicago, London, to look ahead, to connect thinking archive, are made available on demand Paris, Hamburg, Mumbai, Rotterdam and Amsterdam are presented. about the future of the city with expe- in high resolution on eeuwvandestad. The congress opens on Wed- riences from the past. What factors nl and can be searched by keywords. nesday, 30 September with a lecture by define the quality of life in cities? How The radio and television programs Daniel Cohn-Bendit in the Zuiderkerk. does urban life take shape and how on cities are also available as free On Thursday, 1 October and Friday, 2 October there are presentations and can we improve it? The VPRO explo- downloads and pod casts at the workshops at the Westergasfabriek. res various new ideas and perspecti- VPRO pavilion in the Forum of the 4th Among the speakers are Ken Livingsto- ves on the city. International Architecture Biennale ne, Kees Christiaanse, Maarten Hajer, Rotterdam. In Amsterdam, a special Tim Lang, Hermann Scheer, Dieter Läp- ple, LaDonna Redmond, Henk Ovink, Starting on 13 September, VPRO pro- 3-D installation, the T_Visionarium and P.K. Das. duces and broadcasts five television Open City, in which a selection of the documentaries (in co-production with archive is made accessible in an inter- the IABR), five radio documentaries active way, will be launched. and five internet productions, inclu- ding the audio-visual archive Open City (with radio broadcasts since 98 Open City 99 Televisie with economic geographer MVRDV was selected along Richard Florida (Toronto); with nine other teams, inclu- Tegenlicht – urban sociologist Saskia Sas- ding the celebrity architects Amsterdam Make-over sen (New York); the Amster- Richard Rogers, Jean Nouvel, 2040 dam urban designer Zef He- and Christian de Portzam- mel; and professor of lands- parc, to contribute ideas to cape architecture Adriaan the conversion of Paris and Geuze, critical thinker about its suburbs into “a 21st cen- planning in the Netherlands, tury metropolis.” For Dutch and curator of the 2nd IABR, architect and urban designer The Flood. Winy Maas there is much at Lenght: 50 minutes stake. The assignment is also Director: William de Bruijn an introduction to the politics Growth is indispensable for of power, and the power of po- survival in the future—even litics. So how do you do this? in times of crisis. To offset Tegenlicht - Grand How do you keep your footing the emptying and shrinking Paris: The President in the vortex of power, media of the countryside there is and the Architect and architecture? simultaneous growth of the Length: 50 minutes population in metropolitan Director: Bregtje van der Haak and mega regions. For these urban areas, traditionally the Tegenlicht – I am engines of the economy, the Gurgaon: A New Type question is therefore not if of City in India but how they should grow: in a sustainable, ecologically responsible manner, and wit- hout sacrificing the quality of For a year, Tegenlicht filmed life and social standards. the developments surroun- In the Netherlands only ding the prestigious project the capital, Amsterdam, has “Grand Paris,” following the pronounced its metropolitan Dutch architect and parti- aspirations. Compared to cipant in the project, Winy young cities such as Singa- Maas (MVRDV). The French The shining facades of Gur- pore and Abu Dhabi, Amster- president Sarkozy not justs gaon, a satellite city of New dam is an old lady—but one wants to see—as did his Delhi, are symbols of India’s determined to have a total predecessors—a prestigious unparalleled economic make-over. However, what building carrying his name, growth. Gurgaon was built at would that mean for her body, but he wants to shape the the turn of this century by the her lungs, her brain, and her future of Paris in its entirety. largest project developers in very soul? And what would That is why he invited ten lea- the world. A small village 15 this mean for the other cities ding architects in the summer years ago, it has now develo- in the conurbation of Western of 2008 to draw up a plan for ped into a city of 1.4 million Holland—the Randstad? the sustainable growth of Pa- inhabitants, but with little or Tegenlicht explores the ris. What will Paris look like in no infrastructure. How viable visions and opinions at home 20, 30 and even 40 years? is this new type of city? and abroad, among others, The Rotterdam office Residents of the gated 100 Open City 101 communities of this And what will the consequen- have one thing in common: privatized society offer in- ces be for all those thousands they are leaving their old lives sights in their hope, desires, of immigrants? behind and throwing their for- and in the new self-confi- Rob Schröder has visited tunes to the wind. They face dence of the Indian middle Johannesburg several times the essential questions of class. Gradually it becomes since January 2008 to paint a urban survival: how will they clear what the consequences picture of the changes. Is it navigate the city, where will of the credit crisis and the possible to control this city they sleep, how will they find growing gap between rich and full of hope and fear, and to work? And will they succeed poor mean for the city and make the city centre safe and in setting up a new and better the psyche of its inhabitants. livable? How can anyone sur- life in the city? Gurgaon: another Ponzi vive in Johannesburg at all? Length: 50 minutes Scheme of the prototype for Length: 58 minutes Directors: Alejandro Chaparro hosts of mega cities as they Director: Rob Schröder and Leo Rua Puerta (Bogota); will be found all over India Cleopatra Hamaambo (Lusa- within a few decades? ka); Bas Roeterink (Shang- Length: 50 minutes hai); Kel O’Neil, and Eline Director: Marije Meerman Metropolis – New in the Jongsma (New York) City

Trendspotting Istanbul Trendspotting Istanbul re- (1) Holland Doc - Stayin’ ports on the 11th International der ö Alive In Jo’burg Istanbul Biennial in 2009, an Johannesburg is the largest international exhibition of economic metropolis in Af- modern art, in which the rich

© Rob Schr rica. Downtown Johannes- cultural history of Istanbul burg, however, is one of the plays a leading role. The 1 world’s most violent places. program also focuses on the Most office buildings have city itself, a unique metro- been vacated or squatted How does one make a start in polis, the only city in the world and are occupied by several a totally unfamiliar city? Four to occupy two continents groups of illegal Africans local correspondents for the —Europe and Asia. from neighbouring countries. television program Metropolis Length: 52 minutes Thousands of fortune seekers demonstrate what ”migra- Directors: Alexander Oey, Rob are trying to build a new life in ting to the city” means at an Schröder, and Gabrielle this anarchist urban jungle. individual level. In four of the Provaas. Meanwhile, the city is prepa- world’s major cities four new- ring for the World Cup 2010, comers are followed from the the opportunity for Johan- moment they set foot in the nesburg to present itself to city. They are selected at the the world from its best side. bus or train station and filmed The city centre needs to be for six months while they seek cleared, and everything is to build new lives. In Lusaka being done to make sure (Zambia), Shanghai (China), that this major event will run New York (USA) and Bogotá smoothly. But will it succeed? (Colombia), these newcomers 102 Open City 103 Radio that the planners are con- as seen by the number of wo- days the urban economy is stantly being overtaken by men wearing headscarves in the driving force of the global Villa VPRO – Overseas events. The city of Jakarta is the streets. The newcomers economy. The city is like a Office: Addis Ababa afflicted by permanent traffic are not only farmers from the machine that attracts highly In the context of a giant jams. Each and every solution countryside, but mainly large diverse population groups, housing project, 150,000 sinks in the swamp of urban groups of Kurds from East cultures and lifestyles, allo- apartments have to be built bureaucracy or corrupt in- Turkey, who now make up wing them to live side by side. in the Ethiopian city of Addis vestors. Jakarta's governor, about one-third of the urban Every city has its own stra- Ababa, all within a period of Fauzi Bowo, trained as an population. tegies, its own mechanisms, ten years. The aim is to pro- til halfway through the last architect and urban planner, This documentary is an an- its own spatial features and vide homes for the massive century the city served as a would like to make the city thropological exploration of solutions that help shape influx of migrants who arrive magnet. Many black people how the opinions of newco- urban society. Every city has in the city daily. However, went north escaping the dying mers have changed this city its own political interests. So- there is no experience with cotton industry. “In Detroit, on the Bosporus with its mil- metimes, these remain in the multi-story construction, I saw a 100 dollar bill for the lions of inhabitants. background; sometimes they and no industry necessary to first time,” an old blues singer Length: 2 x 18 minutes intervene, in an effort to sha- fabricate the building mate- in this radio documentary. For Director: Rik Delhaas pe society, set its course and rials. Neither have architects the Afro-Americans, working improve it. In the Saturday and planners any idea how in the auto industry with its Holland Doc Radio edition of VPRO’s De Avon- to carry out such a complex strong union was an opportu- – In Search of a New den, Wim Brands presents a Andere Tijden (Former project. Meanwhile, with the nity to develop middle-class Wibaut radio-phonic version of the Times) – Wibaut first 50,000 apartments ready lifestyles. Floor Wibaut is still one of special edition of the literary is dead! Long live for occupancy, we can listen Until the industry the most appealing Amster- magazine De Gids, devoted Wibaut! to the experiences of the new moved production to the less accessible again. He has an dam politicians of the last to the 4th International Archi- City Councilor Wibaut dusted occupants, often people who expensive hinterland. Since ambitious plan for buses and century. Born 150 years ago, tecture Biennale Rotterdam. off the fleas after a visit to the the 1960s, the population of trains, but will he succeed? he went down in the history Length: 2 hours Jordaan, an impoverished Detroit has dropped below Portrait of an idealistic plan- books as the man who made Director: Wim Brands and slum in early twentieth cen- one million, most of them ner. Amsterdam a Mecca of public Lotje IJzermans tury Amsterdam.” An ideal poor, Afro-Americans. The Length: 2 x 18 minutes housing. He was the first to was taking shape in his imag- city is bankrupt. Crime rates Director: Olaf Oudheusden use rent subsidy as an instru- ination: light, air and space are high. Recent interest in ment for building affordable Internet for the workers. Exceptionally the city by the movie industry Villa VPRO – Overseas housing. And he held a pa- energetic, the councilor took offers a ray of hope. Detroit Office: Istanbul noramic view of the develop- Urban Century (Eeuw van de the bull by the horns. Wibaut offers film sets galore: they The impact of conservative ment of Amsterdam. But are Stad) involved himself completely have never before even wal- come in every degree of decli- country dwellers has chan- Wibaut’s ideas still viable at a in the planning of new dis- ked up a flight of stairs. ne, from abandoned buildings ged the cosmopolitan face of time when housing associati- Besides being a portal for all tricts, reserving a major role Length: 2 x 18 minutes to completely devastated Istanbul enormously. Religi- ons seem more interested in internet projects, the website for the housing associations. Director: Rik Delhaas areas, and they do not have to ous influence has increased, filling their own pockets than www.eeuwvandestad.nl also He looked after the financing be built. serving the public interest? offers a weblog and the com- systematically, while leaving Villa VPRO – Overseas Length: 2 x 18 minutes Length: 35 minutes plete program information. the private banks out of his Office: Detroit Director: Jacqueline Maris Director: Erik Willems schemes. Andere Tijden re- Detroit was once called the Open City (audiovisual ports on a city councilor with most modern city in the world. Villa VPRO – Overseas De Avonden archive) constructive ideals in the In- The major automakers— Office: Jakarta Cities, particularly large ci- eeuwvandestad.nl terbellum. Ford, Chrysler and General Economic growth in one of ties, provide the daily living Open City is a new audiovi- Length: 27 minutes Motors—brought prosperity the largest Asian metropoli- environments for most of the sual archive dedicated to The Director: Erik Willems and prestige to the city. Un- ses has developed so rapidly world’s populations. Nowa- City and consisting of ap 104 Open City 105 proximately 200 hours of film most interesting contributions Concept: Hansje van Etten and To be seen as streams on dies of the University of recordings (since 1913) and VPRO filmed them. People Jos Houweling hollanddoc.nl Amsterdam 100 hours of radio (since 1926), were also given the opportu- Rayon 69 all of it accessible on the in- nity to send in their own short Soundtrackcity The Choice of Ole (episodes 1 and 2) — ternet, in high resolution, and films. The best of these films (audio tours) Bouman, director of Vincent Monnikendam with a newly developed user- are collected on a DVD, The soundtrackcity.nl the Netherlands Long before the cur- friendly player. This is the first Droomstad White Book. Soundtrackcity Amsterdam Architecture Institute rent integration debate, time that a thematic collection Length: approx. 50 x approx. 3 is an invitation to take to the Story of Stuff — director Vincent Mon- of documentaries, reports, minutes streets and rediscover the city Annie Leonard & nikendam recorded clips, and interviews from the Editor: Wim Schepens via eight unique audio walks Louis Fox how immigrant and rich history of the VPRO is made by artists. The walks and relaxation, is expanding Activist animation film native populations live presented. The archive has an were designed for different into a flexible residential that provides a terse, innovative search engine that parts of the city, each with area, providing housing to persuasive argument uses keywords to find audio its own unique perspective, a colorful group of people on the disaster of Wes- and video selections. always connected to the area. – from perhaps an African tern consumerism. Project management: Leonieke With an audio player, earp- athlete or a Polish worker, to Verhoog hones and a map of the city, a divorced man living on his the visitor will walk along the own, all of them in need of Droomstad Web TV designated route, listening al- temporary homes. Once set eeuwvandestad.nl/ ong the way to a sound mix of up as a weekend park, a place droomstad city stories, music, the voice where the city dweller could together in a deprived What makes life in your city of a guide, archive mat-erial recharge his batteries for the neighborhood in The pleasant and livable? How and an especially composed coming work week, this “tou- Hague. does the city add quality “soundscape.” rist” has now made way for to life? In September 2009, City One Minutes (24 Length: 60 minutes per tour a new type of occupant, one The Choice of Sander Droomstad (Dream City) hours x 100 cities x Artistic director: Renate who is not there to relax but to The Choice of Sjoerd van der Ham, psycholo- presented a series of 50 short 1-minute each) Zentschnig lead his life. Soeters, architect and gist employed by a con- films (around three minutes cityoneminutes.org Portrait of five future “cities” creator, among others, sulting firm for urban each) about the Good Life An extraordinary web project and their inhabitants. of the master plan for development, STIPO in which hundreds of artists Directors: Sara Kolster and Java Island in Amster- X-Raying the Hospi- around the world cooperate. Eefje Blankevoort dam tal, the architect as In a series of one-minute vi- Cities for People therapist (Close up) — deos, filmmakers sketch a — Jan Gehl & Joost van Krieken personal impression of one Digital Programs L. Mortensen About the influence of hour in the life of a major Architect Jan Gehl architecture and urban world city that they know well. Holland Doc 24 — Choice of explains why some design on how people A dynamic, user-friendly experts cities and public spa- feel. website invites viewers to ces act on our senses navigate these cities and to What are the documentaries to the point that we The Choice of Marc watch the various short films Promised Land on cities and urbanization experience them as Schuilenburg, crimino- in alternating sequences beloofdeland.org that are appreciated by the pleasant and others, as logist at the Free Uni- – from Amsterdam to Wil- Surrounded by nature, and professionals? Holland Doc unpleasant. versity of Amsterdam lemstad and from Tel Aviv to squeezed in between sports 24 asked five experts in the and co-author of the in the City. Many logged into Glasgow, at 7 am or at 3 am. fields and the fringes of the field of urban design and The Choice of Jan book Mediapolis the website to express views, City One Minutes gives new city, a new type of urban en- urban policies to select a Rath, urban sociologist Caracas: The Informal leave tips and record citizens’ meaning to the notion of “city vironment is arising. A spot documentary and to provide at the Institute for Mi- City — Rob Schröder initiatives. After selecting the trip.” originally intended for leisure commentary on camera. gration and Ethnic Stu- In this co-production 106 Open City 107 of VPRO’s Tegenlicht comprising approximately and the 3rd IABR ar- thirty hours of digitalized chitects Brillembourg video material on the city- do- and Klumpner look for cumentaries, reports, clips pragmatic solutions and interviews - from the rich for the landscaping of past of the VPRO and other Caracas, where 60 per- Dutch broadcasting corpora- cent of the inhabitants tions. live in self-built dwel- The T_Visionarium lings in the slums. bundles this material thema- tically, along with editorial meta-data. The result is an Exhibition innovative interface, a 3-D system that offers visitors a New Urban Myths spectacular and interactive 26 September – cinema experience, giving 4 October them the opportunity to Former office of daily browse through the material newspaper Trouw: and to remix it as they want. De Verdieping - T_Visionarium was Wibautstraat 127, developed by the i-Cinema Amsterdam Research Center in Sydney New Urban Myths consists (Jeffrey Shaw) and the Zen- of an exhibition, lectures, trum für Kunst und Medien in

© Oliver Strewe presentations and graduation Karlsruhe, Germany (Peter projects. The project shows Weibel), and has so far only 2 urban development in the been shown in its experimen- light of transformative holiday tal phase, in Spain and Fran- parks, the rise and fall of city ce. This first presentation in areas, military principles and the Netherlands is presented geographic codes, dreams of by the VPRO and the IABR in paradise, rebellion, transpor- cooperation with the Nether- tation, and bestsellers. lands Institute for Sound and Conceived and produced by Vision, International Docu- the Sandberg Institute De- mentary Film Festival Amster- sign Department dam (IDFA), and Image for the Future. Made possible by the Amsterdams Fonds voor Installation de Kunst and the Mondriaan Foundation. (2) T_Visionarium Open City 4-22 November Zuiderkerk, Amsterdam T_Visionarium Open City is a digital audiovisual archive 108 Open City 109 Foaming at the Edge – Open City team, research the edge between the Master Class city of Rotterdam and its harbor in order to reflect on the city’s urban and Leaders: New Dialogues AG, Zurich: architectural future. The focus is to Lars Lerup and Christian Bandi with imagine how Rotterdam’s harbor area Gunnar Hartmann may be transformed into new housing developments. The participants spe- 24 September – 9 October (review) cifically engage with the development goals outlined in Rotterdam’s 2030 Berlage Institute—CARD Urban Development Strategy for the Review: 9 October, NAI harbor area.

Participants design the edge between The 4th International Architecture the city and the harbor—between the Biennale Rotterdam, in conjunction liquid and the solid—in order to ex- with the Berlage Institute–CARD plore what the German philosopher in Rotterdam, presents a two-week Peter Sloterdijk has defined as “archi- master class entitled Foaming at the tectures of foam.” At the center of this Edge. Sixteen international teams conception is the modern residence of young architects, guided by their par excellence: the apartment. The tutors and the New Dialogues AG apartment unit is used as the center

110 Open City 111 from which different “wet and dry” On 9 October, participants present Partner Program Your City urban activities, including residential their new master plan proposals for 25 September – Mid December needs, water-oriented sports, public revitalizing the Rotterdam harbor at a De Dépendance, Center for Various sites in Rotterdam South Focusing on the belief in the power and promenades, water batteries, and fish public event as part of the Open City Urban Culture 25 September – 10 January potential of young people, the Youth farming, intermix and expand. Event Program in the Netherlands Schiekade 189, Rotterdam Biennale Your City is held in Rotter- Architecture Institute. De Dépendance provides space to cul- dam South. Here, the large presence of The master class participants explore tural institutes that have disappeared youngsters is considered to be a vital force. Your City is focusing on young how the apartment unit can form a List of participating schools: or are disappearing from the Rotter- dam city center. It strives to be a place people who use the city and wish to new entity where humans coexist with Architectural Association, London; where cultural forces can combine and visualize their own needs. It shows how nature and building together. The Berlage Institute, Rotterdam; interact—a place for debate, exposition, young people can initiate and take part philosophical challenge hinted at by Columbia University, New York; Oslo performance, confrontation, exchange, in planning the environment they live in. By creating meaningful sites and Sloterdijk suggests that a truly pro- School of Architecture and Design; and production. During the 4th IABR, De Dépendance functions as a comple- with the demands of young people as a ductive architectural foam must help Rotterdam Academy of Architecture mentary venue, accommodating related starting point, the generation gap will human beings to emerge. In other and Urban Design; Delft University long- and short-term exhibitions, instal- be bridged. words, the challenge of the partici- of Technology; Tsinghua University, lations, and spontaneous events. International Documentary Film pants is to design a complex amalgam Beijing; Universidad Iberoamericana, De Dépendance is located in the Schie- kade building in the Rotterdam Central Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) of nature and building that projects Mexico City; and the University of District, east of Central Station and it 29 September - 20 December a new quality of living. Taking into Split. is an unsolicited project by ZUS [Zones NAI and various locations in account the challenges of present-day Urbaines Sensibles]. Amsterdam The IABR commissioned the Inter- Dutch housing needs, participants Special issue De Gids: Open City national Documentary Film Festival bring together new construction September Amsterdam (IDFA), the world's largest materials and ways of living to design The prestigious cultural and literary documentary film festival, to compile 21st century housing. Dutch periodical De Gids, founded in a documentary program focusing on 1837, has invited well over twenty poets, “the city and its inhabitants.” Every authors and essayists to write about a Wednesday afternoon, a documentary In addition to daily sessions with city that is very dear to them, to analyze is shown in the Netherlands Architec- tutors and master class leaders, par- its functioning and malfunctioning, to ture Institute (NAI) in Rotterdam, to be ticipants directly engage with local reveal its mechanisms and strategies of repeated on the following Sunday. The coexistence, to show what is going on program contains documentaries from experts from the Port of Rotterdam, when it comes to political interventions, the rich IDFA archives as well as new the Rotterdam city planning depart- and to give evidence of very personal films. The IDFA is also compiling a do- ment, and representatives from the fascinations. cumentary program to be shown as part construction and harbor industries The cooperating authors include of the 4th IABR in Amsterdam, with The Anneke Brassinga, Jan Brokken, Ger Free State of Amsterdam as a source of through a series of lectures, guided Groot, Micha Hamel, Fouad Laroui, inspiration. tours, and seminar sessions. The Edzard Mik, Ramsey Nasr and Ester Na- At the 22nd edition of IDFA that aim of this engagement is to critically omi Perquin. Cooperating photographer runs from 19 through 29 November, a debate the long-term development is Bas Princen. special section is devoted to documen- strategies already in place as well as taries about the city. to envision other alternatives for the harbor area. 112 Open City 113 Never Built Rotterdam been disrupted, increasingly inclining translation is published by SUN Starting 8 December towards a society in which surveillance Publishers in the fall of 2009. Historical Museum Rotterdam - gets the upper hand while, in the name Schielandshuis of safety, playfulness is regarded as Rotterdam Global Urban The dynamic nature of Rotterdam and irresponsible, unnecessary and dan- Summit 2009 the destruction of its old center in WWII gerous. During For Security Reasons, 2-4 December led to the city we see today. At the same various performers explore the bounda- De Doelen time, and additional to the city of today ries and redefine the balance between With the motto “Co-Creating New and the pre-war Rotterdam, there is playfulness and safety, the community (Green) Deals between Cities and Busi- an invisible city of building plans that and the individual, surveillance and nesses,” the Rotterdam Global Urban were never carried out. This Rotterdam freedom. Summit 2009 focuses on three themes: that was never built is the focus of this Participating artists: Harmen de sustainable urban area development; in- exhibition in the Schielandshuis. Huge, Hoop (NL), Jeroen Jongeleen (NL), Sty- ternational connections and urban area dynamic panoramas, models and plans lianos Schicho (OS), SpY (ES), development; and knowledge, business bring the Rotterdam that never was to Desiree Palmen (NL), Magic Colorz and urban area development. life, while an interactive model of the (DE), Sander Veenhof (NL), and An- Speakers include Saskia Sassen, city challenges visitors to decide the toine Schmitt (FR). Riek Bakker, Kees Christiaanse, Winy direction the city should take. Maas, Coen van Oostrom, Pieter The 4th IABR's Choice Tordoir, Leo van den Berg, and Sharon Endless City 1-30 September Nunes. Until 10 January Rotterdam Central Library Showroom MAMA Browse through a bookcase and get to Rotterdam Classics Within the framework of the 4th IABR, know its owner. In September, the cu- 4 October, 8 November, and Showroom MAMA presents the mul- rators of the 4th IABR show the books 6 December timedia project Endless City; a project they found inspiring. Architect and ur- Lantaren/Venster in which MAMA investigates the rela- banist Kees Christiaanse heads up the This Fall’s film program Rotterdam tionships between skateboard culture, curator team that has selected several Classics, co-produced by the Rotter- public space and (visual) arts. The ana- books that were inspiring and helpful dam Municipal Archives and Lantaren/ logies between art and skateboard cul- in curating the exhibition Open City: Venster, is inspired by the Biennale ture—the exploration of boundaries and Designing Coexistence. In September, theme Open City, namely by IABR’s bringing prevailing rules and notions these books are shown at the Central subtheme Maakbaarheid, and presents up for discussion—provide interesting Library. Besides books in the field of ar- three different programs with remarka- opportunities to explore new possibili- chitecture and urban design, the books ble short films that together visualize ties for the use of urban public space. also include professional literature on Rotterdam's historical transformation. The project combines various aspects subjects relating to the professions of At the same time, they show analogies of contemporary exhibition practice, in sociology, history or politics. One book, as regards the changes in the urban media and audience as well as in pre- The Death and Life of Great American space and the developments in the field sentation. Key work is the documentary Cities, written by political commentator of filming. The films shown are reflec- “12” by Gyz La Rivière. and urban activist, Jane Jacobs — is tions on the environment that as such Kees Christiaanse’s favorite. Her ap- are part of Rotterdam's history as an For Security Reasons peal for lively city neighborhoods is still Open City. Floris Paalman, researcher 28 August – 18 October one of the most influential books about at Amsterdam University, introduces Showroom MAMA urban development and city planning. the programs. Curators Aline Yntema, Marieke Jacobs' ideas were very usable and in- de Rooij and Tim Braakman think that spirational in elaborating the exhibition the balance between playfulness and Open City: Designing Coexistence. In safety in contemporary society has consultation with the IABR, the Dutch 114 Open City 115 Guided Tours Open City: visit themes of the 4th IABR: Open City, Practical information RDM Campus Designing Coexistence Refuge, Reciprocity, Community, Squat, 25 September - 10 January and Collective. The other week the the- Ticket Sales Parallel Cases// NAI me of the bicycle tour will be Maakbaar- IABR@RDM On request, the International Architec- heid. The tour will visit the exhibition in Admission tickets can be 26 September – ture Biennale Rotterdam (IABR) and the Netherlands Architecture Institute purchased at the exhibition 13 December the Netherlands Architecture Insti- and stop to view several Maakbaarheid locations. Passe-partouts tute (NAI) organizes guided tours for projects in the city. These projects can be purchased at the NAI Heijplaatstraat 21, groups. The tours are adapted to each show the relevance of architecture and and on www.iabr.nl quay side group's level of knowledge and suitable urban design to the social, economic 3089 JB Rotterdam for everyone, from secondary education and cultural development of Rotterdam. students to urban planners. Main Venues Opening Hours Group size: not more than 15 visi- Tuesdays - Fridays: tors per tour, duration: 1 hour. Nederlands 10 am – 5 pm Architectuurinstituut (NAi) Saturdays and City Game Sundays: 1 pm – 5 pm 25 September - 10 January Open City: Designing Closed on Mondays NAI Coexistence and on 29 October City Game is designed for pupils who 25 September – 10 are in the last three years of primary January Former Shell Canteen school. After examining some items of Museumpark 25 in the Tolhuistuin the exposition Open City: Designing 3015 CB Rotterdam Coexistence, they will build up a city to- Vrijstaat Amsterdam gether. They will all have their own and Opening Hours (The Free State of different interests and they will find that Tuesdays - Saturdays: Amsterdam) there is more to building a city than just 10 am – 5 pm 27 September – constructing. Sundays and holidays: 8 November Group size: not more than 30 pu- 11 am – 5 pm Buiksloterweg 5c pils, duration: 2 hours. Closed on Mondays, 1031 CC Amsterdam 25 December and Biennale Bicycle Tours 1 January Opening Hours October – November Mondays - Fridays: Departure from Rotterdam Cen- The opening hours of the 10 am – 6 pm tral Station Open City Event Program may Saturdays and In collaboration with the 4th IABR, Rot- differ from normal opening Sundays: terdam ArchiGuides organizes bicycle hours. 12 noon to 6 pm tours and visits to the Biennale exhibi- Evening program: tion. The tours take place Sundays in For up-to-date programming 8 pm – 10 pm October and November from 12 noon to information, go to www.iabr.nl 4 pm. There are two alternating tours, led by an enthusiastic and expert guide For more practical informa- from Rotterdam ArchiGuides. tion on hotel reservations, One week the tour's theme is ticket sales, public transport, Parallel Cases. During this trip, parti- and addresses, please go to cipants will cycle to the Parallel Cases www.iabr.nl or call +31 (0)10 exhibition on RDM Campus at Rotter- 4401342 (until 10 January dam Heijplaat. En route, the tour will 2010). 116 Open City 117

Subsidizers and Financially supported by

Partners Stichting Bevordering van Volkskracht Hivos-NCDO Cultuurfonds

The 4th IABR is subsidized by and

Ministry of Education, Culture and Bundesministerium für Unterricht, Science Kunst und Kultur, Sektion Kunst; Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning Kulturabteilung des Amtes der and the Environment Steiermärkischen Landesregierung, Municipality of Rotterdam, depart- Austria; ment of Art and Culture The Netherlands Architecture Fund (Belvedere); Prince Claus Fund; Main partners The Dutch Consulate in Istanbul, The Dutch Embassies in Lebanon, ETH Zurich Jordan and Egypt; NAI - Netherlands Architecture Anadolu Kültür; Institute Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation Istanbul; VPRO United Nations Relief and Works City of Amsterdam: Department of Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Physical Planning Near East (UNRWA); Rotterdam Academy of Architecture AHRC (Arts and Humanities and Urban Design Research Council, UK); Isandra Matin; Aksara Bookstore/Winfred Partners Hutabarat, Jakarta; Verein von Freunden der TU Berlage Institute–CARD Berlin; Deutscher Akademischer Institute for Housing and Urban Ausstauschdienst (DAAD); Development Studies of Erasmus Netherlands Institute for Sound and University Rotterdam Vision; SEHAB Municipal Housing Dutch Cultural Broadcasting Fund; Secretariat of São Paulo Mondriaan Foundation; DEPO Istanbul Amsterdam Art Foundation; SUN Publishers Images for the Future; Magazine De Gids The Netherlands Institute for Air Foundation Van der Leeuwkring Planning and Housing (Nirov); Rotterdam City Building and Public Centraal Fonds Volkshuisvesting Housing Authority (dS+V) Amsterdam; ZUS [Zones Urbaines Sensibles] Istanbul 2010: Cultural Capital of KCAP Architects & Planners Europe AFFR IDFA Woonstad Media Partners Vestia Noord Estrade com•wonen Wallpaper Hofbogen BV World-architects.com LSI project investments Veenman Drukkers

world- architects .com P r ofiles o f Selected Architects

120 Open City 121

Credits CuratorIAL team 2009 Exhibition Open City: Production manager: ETH Zurich Desiging Coexistence Britte Sloothaak Production assistant: INTERNATIONAL Curator: Curator: Vivian Zuidhof ARCHITECTURE BIENNALE Kees Christiaanse Kees Christiaanse Media producer: ROTTERDAM Co-curator: Co-curator: Simon Rochowski Tim Rieniets Tim Rieniets Floor manager: Director: Assistant curator: Assistant curator: Joost Trines George Brugmans Fabienne Hoelzel Fabienne Hoelzel Manager presentation NAI: Assistants: Assistants: Linda Vlassenrood Business manager: Peter Blume Peter Blume Coordinator production NAI: Herman van Dongen Elisabeth Hinz Elisabeth Hinz Suzanne Kole Office manager: Frederic Schwarz Frederic Schwarz Coordinator building Kelly Leenders Franziska Singer Franziska Singer management and technical Production assistant: matters NAI: Christa van Vlodrop Exhibition design: Robin Kerssenberg Assistant office manager: Maxwan architects + Marketing and communication Lotte van den Broek urbanists: NAI: Rients Dijkstra Remco Beeskow Program editor: Hiroki Matsuura Exhibition construction: Jennifer Sigler Anna Borzyszkowska Xylos meubelmakers, Concept research: Collaborators: Herman Pols, Kuijf & Zn Shiuan-Wen Chu René Sangers Tenten en tribuneverhuur, Ilia Tsachev GS Montage Project manager main Klaas Hofman Exhibition installation: exhibition: Harm Te Velde Jan Willem van der Schoot Jet Christiaanse Nobuki Ogasahara Rosie Stapel Media producer: Artur Borejszo Transport: Simon Rochowski UTS Production manager: Graphic design: Printing: Britte Sloothaak Mevis & Van Deursen: iPlot production assistant: Community: Audiovisual technical and Vivian Zuidhof Thumb, New York: lighting: Luke Bulman AB Licht & Geluidstechniek communications and Jessica Young Brick sponsor: marketing manager: realized in collabora- Steenhandel Gelsing: Xandra Nibbeling tion with Hyo-Jung Kwon, Raymond Gelsing Web editor: Werkplaats Typografie Erik van Broekhuizen (WT, ArtEZ, Arnhem) Press officer: Maakbaar: THE FORUM Eveline van Engelen WT: Joris Van Aken Communications assistant: Refuge: Open City is... Daniëlle van Wingerden WT: Marc Hollenstein Concept: Trainee facility management: Collective: Fabienne Hoelzel Marieke van Diggele WT: Julie Van Severen, Tim Rieniets Dries Wiewauters Coordination: Board Reciprocity: Fabienne Hoelzel Mr. L.C. Brinkman WT: Cecilia Costa, Research and production: (chairman) Stephen Serrato Fujan Fahmi Mr. A.Th. Duivesteijn Squat: Elisabeth Hinz Mr. J.M. Schrijnen WT: Jeremy Jansen Franziska Singer Mrs. S.J. Stuiveling supervision exhibition Collaborators: Mr. A.T. Meijer documents: Arzu Altun Mr. J.W. Oosterwijk Janna Meeus Anna Bolotova Eva Heisterkamp Patricia Cisar TL font design: Pinar Karaaslan Karl Nawrot Pavel Indrawan Prabaharyaka Production and Realization Rosa Maria Guimarães Hespenhola Richter Project manager: Gilson da Cruz Rodriguez Jet Christiaanse Bernadet Mak Sui Sian

124 Open City 125 Daniel Desta Tibebu Collaborators: Michael Hielsmair Hoboken 2009 Maakbaarheid Projects historic research and Gerdie Bours with historic research and Endryas Yesfalign Prasad Shetty, Rupali Collaborators: Rotterdam City Building and coordination: Gerhard Hup coordination: Erdogan Yildiz Gupte en Prasad Stefanie Hilgarth Public Housing Authority Rotterdam Central District Crimson Architectural other participants: Crimson Architectural Thanks to: Khanolkar, CRIT (Mumbai); Hyeri Park (dS+V) Design: Historians local municipality Historians Daliana Suryawinata, Yehuda Greenfield-Gilat & Supported by: Director: ZUS [Zones Urbaines Rotterdam Noord: Riette Jörg Stollmann, Anna Karen Lee Bar-Sinai, SAYA Bundesministerium für Astrid Sanson Sensibles]: Hofbogen van der Werff; KDV: José Spoordijk - Spangen Bronovitskaya, Maria Teresa Architecture & Consultancy Unterricht, Kunst und Chief of urban planning: Elma van Boxel, design: Slobbe, Renate Verschoor; design: Diniz dos Santos, (Jerusalem); Kultur, Sektion Kunst; Martin Aarts Kristian Koreman Atelier Seraji Architectes inhabitants of Het Klooster, FAT architects: Elisabete França Joachim Schultz, Rebal Kulturabteilung des Amtes Design and coordination: Project developer: & Associes: and surrounding area. Sam Jacob Knayzeh, Adina Hempel, der Steiermärkischen Fernando Donis LSI project investment nv: Nasrine Seraji historic research and project developer: Urban Breeding Grounds Mirco Urban Alexander Landesregierung, Model: Fransje Sprunken, Roland Oberhofer coordination: Woonstad Rotterdam: Concept and content: Lehnerer, Anthony Faino, Österreich Vincent de Rijk Robbart Valk Nicolas Fevrier Crimson Architectural Dominique Strörmann Kees Christiaanse with Ana Lilia Cortez Pérez, Film: Other participants: Nick Risteen Historians Rudie Hoogerland Fabienne Hoelzel and Ignacio del Rio Franco, Points of Observation: Open Rob Gijsbers Rotterdam City Building project developer: Leo van der Burg Tim Rieniets Arturo Jiménez Maldonado City 1850–2009 Hoboken area manager: and Public Housing Hofbogen BV in Kleinpolderplein other participants: Video interview: Thanks to: Concept: Ilta van der Mast Authority (dS+V): Fons cooperation with design: dS+V: Fabienne Hoelzel Project Grenzgeorgrafien, Nina Brodowski Project manager: Meijer, Esther de Bever Vestia Noord: Maxwan architects + Rik de Nooijer Camera: Yaniv Turgeman, Angelus Eisinger Michiel Buningh Historic research and Marije Faber and urbanists: local municipality Simon Rochowski Politecnico di Torino + Maren Harnack coordination: Projectgroep Rients Dijkstra Rotterdam Delfshaven: Rotterdam model: Hindustry urban research, Gesa Ziemer City Stills Crimson Architectural Zomerhofkwartier: Martijn Anhalt José de Reus ETH Zurich, Urban Digital Globe Collaborators: Carel van Hees Historians PWS Rotterdam, project developer: Creatief Beheer: Design Studio: Michael Koch com•wonen, and Woonstad Rotterdam: Rini Biemans Martina Baum Belhuis at the IABR Jörg Seifert Hoboken OPP/BVG Dominique Strörmann historic research and Nicolas Kretschmann Concept: Frithjof Look MAAKBAARHEID Design: other participants: Gerben in 't Hout coordination: Simon Kretz Diego Barajas Tugba Kula (‘ma:kba:rɦɛ:it) ZUS [Zones Urbaines NADC: Kay Schellen Crimson Architectural Open City chess game: Camilo García Daniel Cibis, Sensibles]: Hoi Chin Chong other participants: Historians Madelon Vriesendorp Design: Carla Schlösser Sub-curators: Elma van Boxel Estrade Projecten: Rotterdam City Building Diego Barajas Sophie Richter-Rethwisch Crimson Architectural Kristian Koreman Gijs van der Kleij and Public Housing Open Buildings: Camilo García Project design: Historians Project developer: historic research and Authority (dS+V): Refuge The Meerpaal Revisited Amabel García Nina Brodowski Rotterdam City Building coordination: Inge Breugem Concept and content: Fausto Mauriz Maren Harnack Concept, texts, and film: and Public Housing Crimson Architectural local municipality sub-curators: Fabienne Hoelzel HCU – HafenCity Crimson Architectural Authority (dS+V): Historians Overschie: Philipp Misselwitz Mentor: Stadt-Igel Universität Hamburg Historians: Ilta van der Mast Dick van Dongen Can Altay Piet Vollaard Concept and design: in collaboration with: Ewout Dorman Perry Boomsluiter Hilleplein Observatorium: Video interview: Kaisersrot NAI Library Annuska Pronkhorst Arjen Knoester design: Ruud Reutelingsperger exhibition team: Fabienne Hoelzel Alexander Lehnerer Michelle Provoost Other participants: FAT Architects: Rijkswaterstaat Ece Sarıyüz Simon Rochowski Markus Braach Neotopia: The Equitable Wouter Vanstiphout, and inhabitants and Sam Jacob historic research and Yas¸ar Adanalı Models: Benjamin Dillenburger Distribution of the World Cassandra Wilkins entrepreneurs of Hoboken, project developer: coordination: Henry Ng Frank Baum Oliver Fritz Concept and design: partners Hoboken 2030 Woonstad Rotterdam: Crimson Architectural Lucas Francken Tom Pawlofsky Manuela Pfrunder Research: Historic research and Edwin Dortland Historians photography: Marta Jakuc Beatrice Sierach Crimson Architectural coordination: Theo Voogd Bas Princen Karst Kortekaas Guide to Open Places Historians, Sophie van Crimson Architectural other participants: Waalhavenstrook Natasa Pagacova Concept and realisation: The Meal Ginneken Historians De Piramide: design: sponsors and subsidizers: Leonie Welling Martina Baum Concept: Renée Ketting Maxwan Architects + Prince Claus Fund; Thanks to: Website: Linda Roodenburg / Project coordination: Carnisse Cheryl Kurstjens Urbanists: The Dutch Consulate Bert Hoogeveen, Rien Hausheer AG – Office Rotterdams Kookboek Crimson Architectural design: historic research and Rients Dijkstra in Istanbul, The Dutch van den Belt, Ruud for Visual Design: Photography: Historians, Chantal Nap DaF Architects Daan coordination: Martijn Anhalt Embassies in Lebanon, Schneijdenberg (De Thomas Hausheer Carel van Hees Bakker: Crimson Architectural project developer: Jordan and Egypt; Anadolu Meerpaal, Dronten), Nieuw Marc Pfyl Realisation: Sponsors and subsidizers: Catherine Visser Historians Estrade Projecten: Kültür; Depo Istanbul; Land Erfgoedcentrum Linda Roodenburg Netherlands Architecture Paul van der Voort Sanna Schuiling Friedrich-Ebert-Foundation (Lelystad), Denise Xavier, Migration: A World in Motion Rosie Stapel Fund (Belvedere); Laura Orrú Het Klooster other participants: Istanbul, United Nations Andreas Ulrich, OMA Drawings and narration: Woonstad Rotterdam; LSI Marie-Antonietta Cossu design: foundation B.a.d: Relief and Works Agency Rotterdam, Patricia Cisar Philippe Rekacewicz The Polder Table project investment; Polle Koks DaF Architecten: Kamiel Verschuren for Palestine Refugees in Concept: Concept: Rotterdam City Building Marieke Veling Daan Bakker Blauwhoed Project the Near East (UNRWA) Urban Islands: Mapping an Tim Rieniets Zef Hemel, and Public Housing project developer: Catherine Visser Development: Emerging Spatial Order Film: DRO Amsterdam Authority (dS+V); com•wonen: Paul van der Voort Mark Kuijpers Thanks to: Concept and coordination: Claudia Bach Painting: Projectgroep Arno van der Laan Laura Orrú Rotterdam City Building Students of the ETH Tim Rieniets Gijs Frieling Zomerhofkwartier: Folkert Schroten Marie-Antonietta Cossu and Public Housing Zurich en Mimar Sinan Research and construction: Crossing Rotterdam: Migrant Realization: PWS Rotterdam, OPP/ Jan Kooistra Polle Koks Authority (dS+V): Universiteit (workshops Peter Blume Dependency Eric van der Kooij, BVG; com•wonen; Myrna Tholens Marieke Veling Irma Bijl March 2009, July 2009), Frederic Schwarz Concept and design: DRO Amsterdam Hofbogen BV; Vestia project developer: Daniël Stork, Onno Matthias Stark Michael Zinganel Noord; Estrade Projecten Woonstad Rotterdam: Kervers, Anja Put, Johan

126 Open City 127 Verboom, Heleen Saaf Yıldız Technical Kayalı, EAA – Emre Arolat Supported by the Prins Kusumawijaya, Ridwan Sinang Aribowo, Dindit Angelia, Arsheila Kinan, Michael Piper, Wendy van der Beek, Nelleke University Istanbul. Architects, Boran Ekinci, Claus Fonds voor Cultuur en Kamil, Suryono Nugraha Ekanindita Elia, Ayudya Paramitha, Kelly, Plotkin, Jenny Polak, Kruijs, Caro Mendez, Supported by Dayanıs¸ macı Esen Karol Ontwikkeling and the 4th IABR Herlambang, Danny Supartinah and Wiwien Conny Andriani Yosisca Albert Pope, Public Merel Oord, Albert Ferre, Planlama Atölyesi Istanbul Wicaksono, Zenin Adrian, Architecture, Mathan Antonia Carver, Robert Participatory Mapping of Place Refuge – Cinema Yandi Andri Yatmo, Jane Servants’ Rights to Space Ratinam, Damon Rich, Kluijver, Ruth Ur, Osman Rampart Retreat Tourism The Arab Resource Collective M. Jacobs, Lorelei Cairns, djuhara+djuhara: Community Brian Ripel, Robert Charles Kavala, Zeynep Moralı, Samir El Kordy ARC Solmaz Shahbazi Bernadet Mak Sui Sian, Ahmad Djuhara Lesser, James Rojas, Frank Asena Günal, PelinDervis,¸ Directed by: (Perfectly Suited for You) Elisabeth Heinzelmann, Wendy Djuhara Sub-curators: Ruchala, Toni Schade, Vasıf Kortun, İhsanBilgin, New Map of Tbilisi Ghassan Issa Ursula Biemann (Sahara Amalia Pulungan, Noer Interboro Partners Carrie Schneider, Theresa Süha Özkan, Yves Malkit Shoshan Coordination: Chronicle) Agustien, Adi Fajar Utama Social Mall Jakarta Schwarz, Roger Sherman Cabannes, Fadime Boztas,¸ FAST: Mona Abu Rayyan with Chris Evans (Company) SHAU: Project team: Architecture and Urban Cihan Baysal, Nicolas Lucas Zoutendijk Nizar Rammal Reciprocity Projects Daliana Suryawinata, Tobias Armborst, Matthew Design, Susan Sloan, Kretschmann, Simon Kretz, One Architecture: Curated and presented by: Florian Heinzelmann, Clarke, Daniel D'Oca, Becky Slogeris, Rafael William Wells, Ala Younis, Matthijs Bouw Rasha Salti Reciprocity At Home Far Away: Peter Bednar; andramatin: Adrien Forney, Suzannah Soldi, Lior Strahilevitz, Emrah Altınok, Aysenur¸ Gio Sumbadze Indonesians in Rotterdam Isandra Matin, Faizal Gerber, Urs Kumberger, Jonathan Taube, Meredith Ökten, Özcan Biçer,Devrim GeoStart Diwan: Urban Research Sub-curators: Christina Liesegan Syamsalam, Yogi Ben Lindner, Ondine TenHoor, William TenHoor, Çimen, Sertaç Erten, Aslı Network Stephen Cairns Sonja Pöhlmann Ferdinand, Pratiwi Masson, Eric Schwartau, Urban Studio, Cari Varner, Kalınog˘lu, Emrah Kavlak, Dismantling Refuge Initiated and curated by: Daliana Suryawinata Tanuwihardja, Felandro Rafael Soldi, Samu Vassar College, Margot Yasemin Ahi, Bettina Luise Philipp Misselwitz and Project team: Five Layers of Development Madjid; stba: Prof. Alex Szemerey, Georgeen Walker, Stephen Walker, Rürup, Jürgen Gottschlich, Charter of Dubai Can Altay Ray Lucas Jo Santoso Wall, Martin Roth, Marcus Theodore, Thumb Projects, Rosten Woo, Jennifer Yoos, Sasha Sverdlov, Dilek SMAQ: Diwan publications include: Vlad Tanasescu Suryono Herlambang Kopper, Poliksen Qorri, Pedro Torres Andrea Zalewski, Michael Kurban, Bülent Bilmez, Sabine Müller Istanbul: Matt Ozga-Lawn Muhammad Nanda Julia Schütz, Meike Zebrowski Orhan Esen, Anh-Linh Ngo, Andreas Quednau Living in Voluntary and Christopher Neil Lewis Agustinus Sutanto Wittenberg In collaboration with: Nuray Karakurt, Nikolaus Involuntary Exclusion Wayang: Tirza Serafina Sean Basinski, Baltimore Thanks to: Kirsch, Oda Projesi, WHW, I-Rome (edited bydoor Eda Eko Nugroho Caroline D. Santoso Soft Gate Design Collective, Julie Margaret Crawford, Gerald Bige Örer, Murat Yalçıntan, Stalker-Osservatorio Ünlü-Yücesoy and photography: BPA: Behrens, Bill Bishop, Frug, Roger Sherman Erbatur Çavuso¸ g˘lu Nomade: Tansel Korkmaz with Erik Prasetya Kampung Penjaringan Budi Pradono, Reini Corrinne Botz, Lisa Roma Onlus Yas¸ ar Adanalı, Can Altay, Mercy Corps: Mailisa, Anton Suryono, Brawley, Ava Bromberg, Refuge Projects and Philipp Misselwitz) in collaboration with: Michelle Kooy Yuli Sri Hartanto, Rina Nur Marshall Brown, Kat Squat Laboratory of Return Beirut: AOEConsultants, Indrawan Prabaharyaka Aisah, Adam Modigliani Buckley, Center for Urban Providing Refuge decolonizing.ps Mapping Security Indonesian Architects’ Julisa Tambunan Prana, Adryan Fernando Pedagogy, Amy Chan, Sub-curators: Sandi Hilal (edited by Mona Institute Jakarta Chapter, Hutagaol, Primaldi Perdana Candy Chang, Warren Jörg Stollmann A Women’s Guide to Diyarbakir Alessandro Petti Fawaz, Mona Harb, Indonesian Architects’ Cultures of Legibility Chow, Matthew Clarke, Rainer Hehl Superpool: Eyal Weizman Ahmad Gharbieh) Institute National Chapter, University of Edinburgh Jakarta Bersih Common Room, Charles Selva Gürdog˘an Amman: University of Edinburgh (Architecture, NUNC Architecten: Connerly, Nathan Connolly, Collaborators: Gregers Tang Thomsen Improving Refuge Neoliberal Urban Architecture Department, GeoSciences) and Steven Brunsmann, Johan Margaret Crawford, Rainer Hehl Marta Marszal Management (edited by University of Edinburgh AOEConsultants: Krol, João Bentes, Floor Alexander D'Hooghe, Jörg Stollmann Derya Uzal Home until Return: Rami Farouk Daher) GeoSciences, Universität Stephen Cairns, William Moormann, Tanja Van der Judith de Jong, Kyle Tomas Polach Yas¸ ar Adanalı Re-imagining Palestine Cairo: Karlsruhe Chair for Urban Mackaness, Ray Lucas, Laan DeLotto, Bureau E.A.S.T., Nadine Michèle Schütz Video installation: Refugee Camps Resilience: City as Design and Planning, Vlad Tanasescu, Matt Gabrielle Esperdy, Christiane Lange Gunnar Köhne Muna Budeiri, Jamal Personal Practice TU Delft, Universitas Ozga-Lawn, Christopher Solusi Rumah Elizabeth Evitts Dickenson, Mathias Heyden Anne Misselwit Al-Dali, Nasser Abu (Dina Shehyeb and Tarumanagara Jakarta, Neil Lewis Architecture; Holcim Jakarta: David Freund, Gerald Frug, Rahme (project coordi- Shahira Issa) Universitas Pelita Harapan, Universitas Indonesia: Alex Buechi, Ranidia Heather Goad, Eckart Photography: A Lighthouse for Lampedusa nation on behalf of the Dubai: Universitas Indonesia, Gunawan Tjahjono, Herlily, Leeman, Meutia Chaerani, Graeve, Michael Haggerty, Rainer Hehl Thomas Kilpper in United Nations Relief and Mobility (Yasser Institute for Housing Anggie Amalia, Andi Alif, Peterson Siringoringo, Walter Hood, Eric Fabio Knoll cooperation with Works Agency for Palestine Elsheshtawy and and Urban Development Dyah Esti Sihanani, Berlian Coki Wicaksono Hughes, Vincent James, Jörg Stollmann Alex Zaske, Studio Refugees UNRWA); Markus Miessen with Studies of Erasmus Permatasari, Mustika Sari, Jeffrey Johnson, Erica Martin Herrmann DAZ-architects, Naples individual contributions: Can Altay and Philipp University Rotterdam, Putera Anarta, Gibran, Canopycity Kim, Gabe Kirchheimer, febrik, Sandi Hilal, Armin Misselwitz) Erasmus Huis Jakarta Irma Desyana, Lintang GABPA: Raj Kottamasu, Greg In collaboration with/ Preventing Refuge Linke, Philipp Misselwitz, Kusumadelia, Rossa Gesa Buettner Kochanowski, Michael graphic designers: Fatima Nammari, Ismail A separate publication of Sponsors and subsidizers: Turpuk, Gabe Simatupang, Alejo Paillard Kubo, Kaja Kuhl, Matthew Luna Maurer Urban Renewal Istanbul Sheikh Hassan (Nahr El the works of Bas Princen is AHRC (Arts and Amita ‘Mayang’ Ratih Alvar Mensana Lassiter, Amy Lavine, Los Marije ten Brink Coordination: Bared Reconstruction published by SUN publishers, Humanities Research Purnamasari, Lusi Indah, Angeles Urban Rangers, Yas¸ ar Adanalı, Philipp Committee) in cooperation with the IABR. Council, UK) Wijayanti, Fathur Rohman, Sponge City Setha Low, Willow Lung Sponsors and subsidizers: Misselwitz en Can Altay, in collaboration with Isandra Matin Utami Widyaningsih, Lia mamostudio: Amam, John Mangin, Hivos-NCDO Cultuurfonds, contributions by: UNRWA’s Nahr El Bared Diwan events will take place Aksara bookstore: Kurniawati Adi Purnomo Adam Markus, Maryland Verein von Freunden der Sulukule Workshop: Reconstruction Project. in Istanbul (September 2009), Winfred Hutabarat Universitas Pelita Institute College of TU Berlin, Deutscher Sulukule Atölyesi and Directed by Adiyata Kumar Rotterdam (November 2009), Triple A Harapan: Art, Becca Morrin, Kat Akademischer Ausstausch- İmre Balanli Beirut (May 2010) and Cairo Thanks to: Rik L. Frenkel David Hutama, Carolina Nammacher, New Jersey dienst (DAAD) Students of the ETH United Cities of Göktürk (Autumn 2010). Winy Maas, Vedran Frank van Paassen, Setiawan, Steven Rendi Institute of Technology, Zurich; Mimar Sinan; Orhan Esen, Tim Rieniets, Mimica, Paul Peters, Slamet Muliyadi, Dambung Willyvans, Irene Setiawati, Thomas Oles, Edward University of Istanbul; Katharina Sucker with Nesli Andrea Peresthu,Marco Llamuara, Shinta Dewi, Tifani Veronica, Cicilia Orser, A.E. Peterson,

128 Open City 129

Thanks to: Moreira, in collabo- students of the Faculty of Parallel Cases// Border Conditions: Pamela Mariluz, Gerson Manuela Unverdorben, european COMMUNITY of All contributors and ration with Christian Architecture of the TU Delft IABR@RDM Transformations in the (Post-) Najarro, Mayra Ortiz, Matthias Weinzierl, Anna europeans members of www.urban- Werthmann, Christian in collaboration with: Socialist Cities Kiev and Alejandra Perez, Carolina Witt, Philipp Zehmisch, Sint Lucas School of inform.net; inhabitants of Kerez, Joseph Schwartz The Russian Avantgarde curator: Havana Salazar, Erika Uribe, Pedro Verena Zimmermann, Philip Architecture, Brussel-Gent Paraisópolis (São Paulo); Heritage Preservation Ralf Pasel Faculty of Architecture, TU Venegas, Gabriela Zavaleta Zölls Jan Maenhout (campus inhabitants of Kotebe Hana Squat Addis Ababa Fund; TU Delft Faculty of Delft Brussel), Jiri Klokocka Mariam (Addis Ababa), Architecture; Partizan project manager: Henriette Bier, Raviv Crisis Squatting Strategy (De)scripting Space: In Search (campus Gent), Jan especially Yitbarek and research: Publik; Project Russia ma- Jan Duursma Ganchrow, Oscar Veritas University, Costa Rica of Social Consequences of Schreurs, Karel Wuytack Andreas; Bernd Multhaup Tobias Kurtz gazine; Volume magazine Rommens, Marc Sebastian Alfaro, Cesar Apartment Building Infra- Sofie Aerts, Bieke Berten, of GTZ Addis Ababa; TU Addis Ababa Housing project assistance: Schoonderbeek Carrascal, Noboru structure Griet Boodts, Bert Berlin, staff and students: Development Project sponsor: Marjolijn Vegter KIEV: Sara Bilge, Maria Kawaguishi and Juan Artez, Arnhem Academy of Calcoen, Michaël Callant, Joachim Schultz, Jakob Office: Partizan Publik is Ionescu, Ivo de Jeu, Carlos Sanabria, Victor Architecture and Urban Design Tom Cole, Nieke De Bel, Tigges, Malte Kloes, Tsedale Mamo (head) sponsored by Hivos- Parallel Cases is a project Seongheon Oh, Christian Badilla, Mauricio Barboza, Harmen van de Wal, Bart Dehaene, Michael Andreas Wende, Alisha Bisrat Kifle NCDO Cultuurfonds by: Rotterdam Academy of Meezen, Nadine de Mauricio Cortes, Alejandro Christian Muller, Sander De Keulenaer, Ruben De Baker, Sarah Borg, Konrad Sarah Abdulhafiz Architecture and Urban Ripainsel, Carolien Lang, Andrea Madrigal, van Eerden, Dominic Dirkse Leersnyder, Astrid De Braun, Johanna Claus, Tibebu Desta Daniel thanks to: Design, the International Schippers, Dennis Wasch; Johanna Morales, Ernesto van den Heuvel, Pieter Meersman, Steven De Katrin Fricke, Flavio Prof. ir. Dick van Gameren Architecture Biennale HAVANA: Mahtab Perez, Monica Quiros, Mulder, Robert van Leur, Pauw, Pieter de Volder, Giaccone, Isabel Gutierrez, thanks to: Yulia Tsyganova Rotterdam, Rotterdam Akhavan, Ruben Marianne Quiros, Hazel René Scholten, Martin van Anneleen Dhondt, Kim Martin Herrmann, Sarah staff and students of the University, Institute Bergambagt, Thomas Sanabria, Jose Andres de Veen, Ron Verduin, Tim D’Hont, Bert Foucart, Hicks, Aline Löw, Anja Chair of Urban Design and for Housing and Urban Boerendonk, Yajun Chen, Solis, Mariana Aguirre, Versteegh, Ward Vogel, Kristof Gaens, Yves Malone, Candela Morado, Architecture TU Berlin, Open City Event Development Studies of Koen van Diepen, Marcello Esteban Arias, Alejandro Theo Wenting Guldentops, Ilke Huyghe, Marnie Morieson, Nektar Prof. Jörg Stollmann; Program Erasmus University Rotterdam Fantuz, Raul Forsoni, Ryan Camacho, Juan Diego Evelien Impens, Sara Duma, Tamara Regosz, seminar Addis Ababa Forster, Andrea Guazzieri, Cardenas, Diana Cascante, Displacement Settlements: Lemmens, Els Lenaerts, Gloria Riccarducci, David Hands-On Urbanism; Chair curators: Parallel Cases was made Carolyn Leung, Geraldine Lizeth Castro, Augusto Becoming Informal Stefanie Mahieu, Bas Schumm; Melat Asrat, of Design and Structure: Jennifer Sigler (IABR) possible by: RDM Campus, Port Li, Niels Limburg, Valery van Devandas, Sergio Frugone, Faculty of Engineering, School Meulman, Katrien Nagels, Melat Assefa, Metadel Prof. Klaus Rückert, TU Saskia van Stein (NAI) of Rotterdam, Pasel Kuenzel Nooijen, Qian Ren, Negar David Gutierrez, Alberto of Architecture, Aristotle Jef Pottier, Ann Steegmans, Sileshi, Yosef Teferi, Meron Berlin, Lars Fächner; curator conference program: Architects Sanaan Bensi, Gaofei Tan, Molina, Laura Brenes, University of Thessaloniki Kobe Stroobants, Anke Kassahun, Lulit Solomon, Institute for Housing Christel Vesters (NAI) Gurhan Ucaroglu, Victor Alberto Castillo, Ana Va n a Te n t o k a l i , Ta s o s Van Nuffel, An Verstraeten, Ramiah Lemma and Urban Development assistant curator conference exhibition design: Verhagen, Mandy Xu Cristina Guzman, Pamela Kotsiopoulos, Fani Vavili, Tr i s t a n Ve r l e y e n Studies of Erasmus program: Pasel Kuenzel Architects Hector, Diana Gutierrez, Sebastian Duque Squat São Paulo University Rotterdam: Jan Katherine van Rosmalen Coexistence as Survival: Oscar Rodriguez, Ricardo Field Guide to New Jersey Fransen, Frew Mengistu; (NAI) exhibition realization: Enhancing Informal Synergies Sevilla Ethnic Streets in the World: Communities Research: Addis Ababa University: film program IDFA: Woestijn in Blik in the Koli Community, An Illustrative Study of New Jersey Institute of Marcos L. Rosa Benyam Aliy, Dr. Elias Joost Daamen Dharavi, Mumbai Crossing Munich: Migration - Existing Ethnic Areas, to Inform Technology (Urban Land Scape) Yitbarek, Zegeye Cherenet; Caspar Sonnen project selection: First School of Architecture, Places, Images and Debates Future Urban Restructuring in Prof. Georgeen Theodore, SEHAB Municipality of São Department of Architecture Ally Derks Jan Fransen, Politecnico di Torino, + Ludwig Maximilian University Japan Associate Director, Paulo: Faculty of Technology producer: Saskia Ruijsink Hindustry urban research Munich Tokyo Polytechnic University Infrastructure Planning Elton Santa Fé Zacarias, (South) Addis Ababa Britte Sloothaak (IABR) Ralf Pasel Michele Bonino, Pierre- Dr. Sabine Hess Kashihara Toru, Okabe Angela Anderson, Steven Elisabete França University coordinator production NAI: Chris van Langen Alain Croset (Politecnico Eva Bahl, Natalie Bayer, Tomohiko, Kida Momoko, Antonino, Gregory (director), Maria Teresa Suzanne Kole Jan Duursma di Torino), Tomà Berlanda, Almir Bazdar Batski, Karin Katura Susumu, Kitai Bassiely, Jonathan Foster, Diniz dos Santos floor manager: Tim Rieniets Subhash Mukerjee Bergdolt, Andrea Brkic, Kayoko Candido Gude, Kelvin Lam, (coordinator Paraisópolis) Collective Joost Trines George Brugmans (Hindustry) Marco Boella, Linda Calderon, Julia Suto Syuhei, Kakuta Jennifer Massotti, Cynthia Photography: Alberto Bottero, Manuela Campos, Patrick Deinzer, Nobuhiko,Kageyama Montalvan, Rafael Paredes, Fabio Knoll sub-curators: Parallel Cases Projects Martorelli, Federica Elisabeth Dietrich, Irena Haruka, Uesugi Sachie, Samu Szemerey, Pedro Participating architects Bart Goldhoorn Open City: Designing Patti, Francesco Stassi, Eden & Stijn Lernout, Takasu Tomoko, Takakura Torres, Joseph Vivino test-site Paraisópolis: Alexander Sverdlov Coexistence – the Book A Place In Heaven, A Place in Francesco Strocchio Simone Egger, Agnes Shun,Konishi Ryouhei, Ruben Otero, Ciro Anna Bronovichkaya Hell: Tactical Operations in Sao Fuchsloch, Clara Giacalone, Ueno Kouhei, Yamaguchi Global Studio Pirondi, Anália Amorim; Editors: Paulo's Informal Sector Coexistence Project: Marina Ginal, Simon Goeke, Mikaka, Kitawaki Yoshihiro, University of Sydney; Elemental: collaborators: Kees Christiaanse Graduate School of Design, Somewhere in Lima Moritz van Gunsteren, Kawamura Naoko, University of Rome Alejandro Aravena, Henry Ng Tim Rieniets Harvard University Facultad de Arquitectura y Fabian Hesse, Caroline Hayakawa Kiyo, Oguti LaSapienza; Columbia Fernando García- Najla El Zein Jennifer Sigler Christian Werthmann, Urbanismo, Ricardo Palma Hirschfeld, Ralf Homann, Tatsuki, Harigai Tadahiro, University in association with Huidobro, Gonzalo Simon Pennec editorial assistant: Fernando de Mello Franco, University, Lima Slobodan Karamani_, Bernd Tuchuya Shuhei, Naono Istanbul Technical University Arteaga, a.o.; Francesco Vedovato Nora Kempkens Byron Stigge, Joseph Smith Soledad Herrera Garcia, Kasparek, Karin Kolber, Sachiko, Koyanagi Satoshi and Middle Eastern Technical Marcos Boldarini, Suzel copy editor: Claghorn, Sara Dabbs, Jose Luis Ching Ching, Julia Kunz, Katharina University (2005); University Marcia Marcel, Carlos photography: Laura Bruce Melissa Nicole Guerrero, Javier Cabrera, Maria Lippach, Claudia Maderer, Eurasian Informality of British Columbia (2006); Dias; Urban Think Tank: Aleksei Naroditski design: Lily Huang, Dae Hee Kim, Candiotti, Gonzalo Feijoo, Dennis Odukoya, Kerstin TU Delft, International New University of the Witwatersrand Alfredo Brillembourg, Mevis & Van Deursen Joon Hyun Kim, Thomas Astrid García, Angela Pinther, Kathrin Reikowsky, Towns Institute Almere (2007/08) Hubert Klumpner, Carlos projects: book layout and supervision: Kraubitz, Katie Powell, Rina Gutierrez, Rodolfo Michaela Rohmann, Lisa Prof. Arnold Reijndorp, Anna Rubbo, Global Studio Guimaraes; Fedor Dubinnikov Felix Weigand Diwakar Salvi, Cynthia Hermoza, Gustavo Hirakata, Riedner, Asmir _abi_, Julia Prof. Juval Portugali Convenor MMBB: Nataliya Zaychenko publisher: Ann Silvey, Dorothy Tang, Lourdes Iglesias, Aaron Säring, Ariane Schwager, Ekim Tan and partici- Milton Braga, Fernando de Natalia Sukhova SUN Publishers, Andrew Ten Brink, Megan Jara, Luis Jurado, Maria Peter Spillmann, Lea pants of The Responsive Mello Franco, Marta Alexander Berzing Martien de Vletter Elizabeth Wright Lopez, Diana Lostaunau, Tesfaye, Magnus Treiber, CityMasterclass

132 Open City 133 Happy Go Lucky: Structure Eliz Halligan, Erica Hannes Rutenfranz, Prof. Laurence Liauw, Coordinator Translating Krasnova and Architecture, Prof. Twum-Barimah, Daniel and Incident Huang, Michael Allen Nino Soppelsa, Martina Prof. Doreen Heng Liu, Adam Berry, Nick ETH Zurich, EPFL Jörg Stollmann Adomoko-Mensah, Brandenburgisch Technische Lewis, Heide S Martin, Vogel, Corinne Weber, Kathy Law, Francis Yuen, Christopher, Maria Davis, Kees Christiaanse Mathias Heyden, Jörg Ruth-Anne Ankrah, Universität Cottbus Rachel Miller, Jordan Karin Wegmann, Samuel Alex Han Li Ayaka Tanabe, Dustin Guillaume De Morsier, Stollmann , Adrian Deborah Suong Sory, Prof.dipl.ing. Heinz Nagler, W Monez, Yosuke Zumsteg White, Jonathan Hanna, Oscar Buson Birkenmeier, Anja Emmanuel Fobi Asaber, dipl.ing. Konstanze Noack Oi, Bradley J Pavlik, Redesigning of Zhongxin Kenneth Koschnitzki, Malone, Carolin Rachel, Elvis Asiedu, Emelia Simon Davis, Marleen Michael A Pickford, Eric OpenBerlin: An Alternative Department of Architecture, Owen McLaughlin, Urban Green: A Study on Jinjin Wang, Josefine Gyasiwaa Agyiri, Michaels J Scharnhorst, Josho Model for the Just Use of Tamkang University, Taiwan Nathan Miller, Scott Community Garden Projects in Krause, Kristian Pollborn, Robertsen Azantilow, Somine, Rubi Del Rocio Space Lo-e Tsao, Lo-e Wei-ju Ogletree, John Piascik, Berlin and Rotterdam Ricardo Paris, Shoko Eledi Joyce Angnayeli, InBetween Vazquez Cruz, Katherine Institute for Architecture, Chang, Chung-kai Hsien, Aaron Taylor, Ryan Yonce Institute for Housing and Itano David Amugi, Bernard Timisoara Polytechnic H Wimble, Jie Yang Technical University Berlin Wen-chieh Chang, Shu- Urban Development Studies of Opoku, Adeline University Chair for Urban Design ya Fan, Chen-fu Teng, Shoafat RC Erasmus When I was six: Dubai Mawupemor Woyome, PhD Arch Radu Radoslav Leaping the Fence: Olympic and Architecture, Prof. Chien-chu Li, Wei-jen Ke Bezalel Academy of Art and University Rotterdam Metrozone Harriet Naa Odarley, Bogdan Isopescu, Clara Legacy Now Jörg Stollmann Design, Jerusalem Jan Fransen, Talja Institute for Architecture, Kemetse E Francisca, Piscoi, Roland Rigler, Royal College of Art, London Mathias Heyden, Jörg Refugee Spaces: Nation State Senan Abdelqader, Blokland, Christina Technical University Berlin Armah Avee, Walter Sergiu Sabau, Maria Jurgen Bey, Nigel Coates Stollmann versus City Networks Liat Brix Etgar, Yael Liesegang, Sonja Chair for Urban Design and Semordzi Sgircea, Alexandra Alison Hesketh, Kieren Konrad Braun, Johanna Bauhaus Dessau Foundation Padan, Eran Tawil, Yaniv Pöhlmann Architecture, Prof. Jörg Spiridon, Anca Tomescu, Jones, Will Shannon, Claus, David Schumm Regina Bittner, Wilfried Turgeman Stollmann Paul Valeanu Ottilie Ventiroso, Oliver Hackenbroich, Kai Urban Surfers, Neighborhood Joachim Schultz (as- Wainwright Open City Rotterdam? Vöckler, Aida Miron, Spatial Limbo fans&Co: Young People sistant professor) Indian Star, Little Spots for the D-ARCH, ETH Zurich Geisa Bugs Tamkang University, Taipei Constructing Cities and the photography: Rebal Small Ones Mapping the Middle Prof. Kees Christiaanse, Min Jay Kang,Yung-Yu Network of Urban Public Knayzeh, iii+i Studios Rotterdam Academy of Landscape: Planned Nicolas Kretschmann, Reinventing Suburbia After Chen, Chiung-Hsien Ho, Spaces Collective Architecture and Urban Community Martina Baum, Simon the Crisis: The Case of Weston Chun-Yen Chen, Shih- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Alexandra Böcker, Design Vassar College Kretz, Aregger Marco, Ranch, Stockton, California Shiang Lin, Jun-Yao Ke University of Hanover Andreas Rauch, David Rob Hootsmans, Isa Tobias Armborst Brandeis Alvarado University of California, commissioned by Wüstenrot Serrao, Andrea Wycisk Baud, Neelu Boparai, Sami Rubenfeld, Eric Chavarria Noemi, Berkeley Startankstelle Stiftung Helena Casanova, Klaas Schwartau, Tyler Brunner Dominique, Nezar Alsayaad, Nicholas Academy of Visual Arts Studio Urbane WOC - Working on Cities: van der Molen, Chris van Davidson, Marco Gorini, Caduff Martin, Chiang De Monchaux, Richard Leipzig Landschaften prof. dr.ing. Ghana ATL Langen, Marco de Jong Lia Simonds, Luke Stern, Tian, Christen Regula, Fernau, Natalia Echeverri Prof. Joachim Blank Hille von Seggern, dipl. Rotterdam Academy of Harry Kelly, Daniel Fahrni Sarina, Forrer with Ivan Valin Roozbeh Asmani ing. Anke Schmidt, dipl. Architecture and Urban Interdependence UK_Open McPhee, Julia Carlton, Basagoitia Chris, Giovane ing. Börries von Detten, Design; Institute for Housing City Kate Conlow, Evan Raffaele, Grissmann Responsive City Game Swimming Pool Shelters dipl.Sozialwiss. Claudia and Urban Development School of Architecture, Franzel, Lenny Holt, Jesse Johannes, Hadjiev TU Delft, International New TU Berlin Heinzelmann, dipl.ing. Studies of Erasmus University University of Sheffield Munitz-Alessio, Matthew Grigor, Hintermann Towns Institute Almere Matthias Ballestrem Henrik Schultz, dipl. Rotterdam; KNUST - Kwame Renata Tyszczuk Nunn, Michael Reback, Sarah, Hofer Thomas, Prof. Arnold Reijndorp, Astrid Smitham, Tilla ing. Julia Werner with Nkrumah University of Science Olivia Beamont, Edward Michelle Turck Jandowsky Vincent, Prof. Juval Portugali Baganz consultancy of Prof. dr. and Technology Fowler, Richard Holland, Jenal Seraina, Keles Ekim Tan and participants Ulfert Herlyn, Timm Ohrt, Ralf Pasel, Franziska Martin Lydon, Hugh Nairobi on the Ground Özgür, Lienert Roger, The Responsive City The Arsenal of Exclusion Stadtplaner Sack, Alonso Ayala Millar, Judith Ng, Alastair ETH Studio Basel (ETH Lütolf Daniel, Magnone Masterclass Maryland Institute College Aleman, Ellen Geurts, Parvin, Patrick Skingley Zurich) with School of Monica, Maniglio of Art Urban Tactics: When I think of Aloysius N. Bongwa, Architecture, University of Sabrina, Manolakis SEED_Emergent Housing Daniel D'Oca Rio de Janeiro... George Intsiful Kassioum: A Spontaneous Nairobi; and Graduate School Theo, Müller Dorothée, Initiative Lynley Bernstein, TU Eindhoven Sandra van Dijk, John Settlement in Damascus of Design, Harvard University Pape Daniel, Prestele Department of Planning Kat Buckley, Ingrid Dr.ir. Bruno de Meulder, de Groot, Henk Jan TU Dresden Jacques Herzog, Pierre Lukas, Renz Nicole, Ritter and Landscape Burrington, Mimi Cheng, D.P.L.G. Sophie Imhoff, Remy Jansen, Prof. dipl.ing. Heiko de Meuron, Manuel Herz, Severin, Roos Patrizia, Architecture, Clemson Claire Cote, Kyle Rousseau, Dr.ir. Irene Jens Jorritsma, Roos Schellenberg, dipl.ing. Shadi Rahbaran, Ligia Rudschewski Monika, University; Welding De Lotto, Daniel Curulli Limburg, Sandor Marks, Iris Gleichmann Nobre, Ying Zhou Schaffhuser Lukas, Department of D’Oca, Maria Duke, Zineb Seghrouchni Ab Oosterwaal, Immanuel Tobias Dechow, Amadeus Gideon Aschwanden, Schaub Sabine, Schenkel Architecture, Tri-County Heather Goad, Leanne Sirron-Kakpor, Anne van Dorsch, Jörg Vorwerk, Sarah Birchler, Vincent Isabelle, Schumacher Technical College; Guaneri, Katie Hale, Urban Transformation of der Heide, Rik Mertens, Matthias Wunderlich, Bowman, Silvio Brunner, Roberto, Schädler Pernille Christensen, Leah Horowitz, Amelia Pyongyang, North Korea Pieter Waijer, Edwin Michael Zeichardt Jürg Burger, Chi-Yan Priscilla Maria, Studer Visiting Professor Jordahl-Bueti, Ryan Graduate School of Design, Tukker, Denny Surya Chan, Emily Farnham, Tanja, Thaler Matthias, Department of Planning LeCluyse, Ashley Mack, Harvard University Martha, Lisa Christine King Street Dynamism: Tactics Sondra Fein, Ralf Figi, Trachsel Simon, Vitali and Landscape Meghan Milostan, Eve Blau, Richard Hosale, I Nyoman Gede for Revitalizing a Multicultural Simon Filler, Andres Nadia, Vogel Luzia, Architecture; Douglas Becca Morrin, Kat Sommer Maha Putra, Sri Hidayah, Neighborhood Herzog, Benny Ho, Jens Wamister Stephanie, Hecker, Associate Nammacher, Neal Dongwoo Yim Liang Thay Siek, Mutia Department of Landscape Jaschek, Daniel Klos, Züger Sarah Professor School of Reinalda, Zev Schmitz, Razali, Dyah Afrianti, Architecture, University of Andreas Kopp, Atsuko Architecture; Martha Carrie Schneider, James Use the Potentials of Your City! Aldrin Baral Plaza, Washington Koyama, Mee Hae Kwon, Post-Generic City: Skinner, Assistant Singewald, Becky Recyling Neukölln, Berlin Vincent Kizito Rwigamba, Jeffrey Hou, PhD Yusun Kwon, Reto Näf, Pearl River Delta Professor School of Slogeris, Michael Spears, Institute for Architecture, Charmae Pyl, Capuyan Erin Berg, Sarah M Nicola Nett, Christoph The Chinese University of Architecture; Paul Rob Starr, Jonathan Technical University Berlin Nercua, Mwinlanaah Ferreter, Victoria Rauhut, Jeannine Roschi, Hong Kong Phelps, Welding Program Taube Chair for Urban Design Yuonayel, Michael

134 Open City 135

Free State of University of Amsterdam Urban Century Tegenlicht: Grand Paris: The Guides: Alexander Oey literary magazine De Gids Amsterdam ROC of Amsterdam, Architect and the President Ismail Farouk and Rob Schroder and With cooperation from: Gerrit Rietveld Academie, project manager: direction: Zack Sejaphala Gabrielle Provaas Roel Bentz van den Berg, curator: Amsterdam Academy of Bregtje van der Haak Bregtje van der Haak Sound: Presentation: Edzard Mik, Zef Hemel Architecture and Urban project coordinator: camera: Jabu Mxhaka Sarah Meuleman Dirk van Weelden, and Design, VU University Sara Kolster Nils Post Research: Maria Barnas Sub-curator The Making of Amsterdam producer: sound: Music: Karen Al Vrijstaat Amsterdam: Janneke van de Kerkhof Benny Jansen Stayin’ Alive: Production: Internet Anouk de Wit The Young Free State: secretariat: Marc Wessner African Noise Foundation Luc Lafleur Project team: Mayra Paula Anya Boelhouwer Mark Witte Line producer Johannesburg: Commissioning editor: Open City (audiovisual Karen Buschman XXXS Evelijn Garschagen editing: Aryan Kagano Gabrielle Provaas archive) Corry Dekker FOAM design: Elmer Leupen Editor: Project managers: Diana Janssen Zomerschool Sandberg Instituut research: Chris van Oers Andere Tijden: Who is Bregtje van der Haak Eric van der Kooij website: Barbara Coolen Sound Design: Building? Wibaut! Leonieke Verhoog Marjolein van Vossen graphic design: Leonieke Verhoog Marijntje Denters Giel van Geloven Direction & research: Interaction designer: Atie van ree Bureau Archetypisch Robin Verdegaal production: Grading: Erik Willems Robin Verdegaal Aat de Vries Beautiful Minds web editing: Judith van den Berg Loods, Lux & Lumen A co-production by the VPRO Designers: Lisette Entius Martijn Mulder Joop Hopster Commissioning editor IABR: Line producers VPRO: and the NPS Sara Kolster and (all City of Amsterdam, Anika Ohlerich Floris Alberse George Brugmans Ilse van Huisstede Henrik van Leeuwen Physical Planning Suzanne Roggeveen Commissioning editor VPRO: Karin Vermeulen Radio with the support of Department) Internationaal Stedenbouw communications: Doke Romeijn and Research: the Dutch Cultural Congres Morgen/Tomorrow Diederik Hoekstra Jos de Putter Shiuan-Wen Chu Holland Doc Radio: Broadcasting Fund and design offices: project coordination: Christa Niekamp A co-production by the Commissioning editor IABR: Looking for the next Wibaut the Ministry of Housing, Rietveld Landscape| City of Amsterdam, press officers: VPRO and the International George Brugmans Direction: Spatial Planning and the Atelier de Lyon Physical Planning Herrie: Architecture Biennale Commissioning editor VPRO: Erik Willems Environment (VROM) Urhahn Urban Design Department (DRO), Noortje van der Sanden Rotterdam, with the support of Barbara Truyena Final editing: Karres en Brands San Verschuuren, Zef Mirjam Wiekenkamp the Netherlands Architecture A co-production of the Anton de Goede Droomstad Web TV Zus [Zones Urbaines Hemel, Steef Verweij with Fund VPRO and the International Final editing: Sensibles] Eymert van Maanen (Het Te l e v i s i on Architecture Biennale Villa VPRO – Bureau Wim Schepens MUST stedebouw Vlakke Land), Jan Kadijk Tegenlicht: I am Gurgaon: Rotterdam. Buitenland: Addis Abeba Camera & editing: STUDIOKLOK (NIROV) Tegenlicht: Amsterdam The New City in India Direction: Frithjof Kalf Alle Hosper financial support: Makeover 2040 Direction: Documentary Metropolis TV: Rik Delhaas Web coordination: Güller Güller architecture City of Amsterdam, direction and research: Marije Meerman New to the City Final editing: Joop Hopster urbanism Physical Planning William de Bruijn Camera: Direction: Alfred Koster With the support of The B+B Department (DRO), camera: Mies Rogmans Alejandro Chaparro Netherlands Architecture Dutch Institute for Maarten Kramer Sound: Leo Rua Puerta (Bogota) Villa VPRO – Bureau Fund and the Dutch Chief program: Physical Planning and Alexander Oey Antoin Cox Cleopatra Hamaambo Buitenland: Detroit Government Architect Janneke Berkelbach Housing (NIROV), Adri Schrover Research: (Lusaka) Direction: Anne Luijten Ministry of Housing, sound: Raghu Verma and Bas Roeterink (Sjanghai) Jacqueline Maris City One Minutes Christa van Vlodrop Spatial Planning and the Mark Witte William de Bruijn Kel O’Neil in collaboration with Concept: Environment (VROM), Charles Kersten Editing: Eline Jongsma (New York) Jan Donkers and Hansje van Etten film program: Amsterdam Public Bert van den Dungen Patrick Minks Composition: Daimon Xanthopoulos Jos Houweling International Housing Fund editing: production: Eva de Breed Design website: Documentary Film promotion and design: Jeroen van den Berk Janneke van de Kerkhof Production: Villa VPRO – Bureau Max Kisman & Fabrique & Festival Amsterdam Eef Keijzer production: Commissioning editor IABR: Alex Klippel Buitenland: Jakarta This Play (IDFA) Let de Jong (City of Judith van den Berg George Brugmans Editing: Direction: Construction website: Gerard Nijssen Amsterdam) Commissioning editor IABR: Commissioning editor VPRO: Jos Verduyn Lunel Olaf Oudheusden Fabrique & Studio Stomp Erik Willems congress organisation: George Brugmans Doke Romeijn, Mixage: Techniek: Project management websites: VPRO Madelien Hoes and Commissioning editor VPRO: Jos de Putter and Marcel Warnas Alfred Koster Leonieke Verhoog Bas Schot Doke Romeijn, Bregtje van der Haak Commissioning editor: Coordination: City of Amsterdam: (Eurocongress) Jos de Putter and A co-production by the Stan van Engelen and Villa VPRO – Bureau Bieneke Bennekers Department of Physical location support: Bregtje van der Haak VPRO and the International Eddie Wölcken Buitenland: Istanbul Production: Planning, Department Culture Park a co-production by the Architecture Biennale Commissioning editor IABR: Direction: Philip Bruning of Maatschappelijke Westergasfabriek VPRO and the International Rotterdam, with the support George Brugmans Rik Delhaas CityOneMinutes.org is a co- Ontwikkeling, Information Architecture Biennale of Hivos A co-production by the Techniek: production of Holland Doc and Center Zuiderkerk Rotterdam, with the support of VPRO and the International Alfred Koster the One Minutes Foundation the Netherlands Architecture Documentary Holland Doc: Architecture Biennale students design competition: Fund Stayin’ Alive In Jo’burg Rotterdam, with the support De Avonden Soundtrackcity (audio tours) InHolland, The Hoge- direction, camera and editor: of Hivos Final editing: Artistic management: school van Amsterdam Rob Schröder Wim Brands and Renate Zentschnig University of Applied Trendspotting Istanbul Lotje IJzermans Project coordination: Sciences (HvA) Direction: In collaboration with: Michiel Huijsman

138 Open City 139 Promotion: Tim Kreger Foaming at the Edge – The 4th IABR wishes Colophon Esther Lagendijk Mathew McGinity Open City Master Class to thank: Thi Thanh Nga Nguyen Promised Land Multimedia and Video Guidance: Ole Bouman Texts Open City: Direction, camera, and editing: Communication Research New Dialogues Peter Haasbroek Bob Witman Sara Kolster Group: AG, Zurich: Chris van Langen Other texts: Eefje Blankevoort Dr. Jack Yu: NICTA: Lars Lerup Michael Zeeman (†) Curators, participants, Photography: Balint Seeber Christian Bandi in and IABR Suzanne Valkenburg Interaction design: cooperation with Final editing: Dennis Del Favero Gunnar Hartmann George Brugmans and Digital program Volker Kuchelmeister Coordination and production: Xandra Nibbeling Matthew McGinity Joachim Declerck Editing assitant: Holland Doc 24 Jeffrey Shaw Tiller Salomon Frausto Daniëlle van Wingerden Design Françoise Vos Photography: Cities for People Management: Organization: George Brugmans (spreads), Jan Gehl & L. Mortensen, Damian Leonard Berlage Institute—CARD, and as mentioned Danish Film Institute, 2000 Sue Midgley International Architecture Design: Story of Stuff Production: Biennale Rotterdam Mevis & Van Deursen in Annie Leonard & UNSW iCinema Research Partners: collaboration with Karl Nawrot Louis Fox, Free Range Centre, supported by Rotterdam City Building Translations: Studios, 2007 the Australian Research and Public Housing Réchel Buitenrust – Het ziekenhuis doorgelicht Council’s Discovery Authority (dS+V) Hettema van Coevorden (†) (X-Raying the Hospital), the funding scheme; Participating schools: Internationaal Tolk architect as therapist coproduced with ZKM Architectural Agentschap b.v. Baarn (Close up) Karlsruhe Association, London; Bookmakers Vertalersteam Joost van Krieken, Project directors: Berlage Institute, te Nijmegen AVRO, 2005 Neil Brown Rotterdam; Frans Andersson Carácas: The Informal City Dennis DelFavero Columbia University, New Printer: Rob Schröder, Matthew McGinity York; Veenman Drukkers, Rotterdam VPRO/IABR/Urban Jeffrey Shaw Oslo School of Issue: Think Tank, 2007 Peter Weibel Architecture and 7,000 (4,500 Dutch / Rayon 69 (edition 1 and 2) a production of VPRO Design; 2,500 English) Vincent Monnikendam, with the IABR, Rotterdam Academy of NOS, 1982 IDFA, the Dutch Architecture and Urban Direction & interviews Institute for Sound and Design; International Architecture Holland Doc 24: Vision; supported by Delft University Biennale Rotterdam (IABR) Neeltje Pavicic the Amsterdam Art of Technology; Westersingel 52 Camera, sound & design: Foundation, Tsinghua University, 3014 GV Rotterdam Frithjof Kalf the Mondriaan Beijing; Universidad The Netherlands Editing Holland Doc 24: Foundation, Iberoamericana, Frithjof Kalf & Dutch Cultural Broad- Mexico City; www.iabr.nl Neeltje Pavicic casting Fund, and University of Split Images for the Future Exhibition: New Urban Myths © IABR, September 2009 Sandberg Institute Amsterdam, Design de- partment, in collaboration with Non-fiction, office for cultural innovation

Installation

T_Visionarium Open City Project management: Bregtje van der Haak Project coordination: Sara Kolster Producer: Janneke van de Kerkhof Software: Jared Berghold Ardrian Hardjono Gunawan Herman 140 Open City 141