~l~------) -January-February 1977 - Vo/.VI, No.1 $1.50

political, and cultural interests. The Rockefellers, Morgans, Harrimans, and Dillons are some examples POWER ELITES I of Yankee' families. The Yankee and Cowboy War: jTHE The Cowboys represent a second group within the national political-economic elite, and this group has Conspiracies from Dallas to Watergate its geographical foundations in the "Southern Rim" extending from Miami through New Orleans, Dallas, By Carl Oglesby Houston, Phoenix, and Las Vegas to Los Angeles. Deriving their economic strength from such diverse "growth" sectors as petroleum, agribusiness, high­ Power Shift: The Rise of the Southern Rim technology research and development, and defense contracting, the Cowboys have emerged as a major and Its Challenge to the Eastern Establishment new power center contending for control of the national apparatus. The Cowboy members of the By Kirkpatrick Sale political-economic elite share a common cultural heritage that is largely derived from the frontier heri­ tage of the West and that sharply distinguishes them Reviewed by Alan Fairgate Power Shift Random which appeared in the September I I 1974Libertarian from their Yankee associates. Unlike the Yankees, the House, 1975/ $12.95 / Yankee and Cowboy War / Forum. Cowboys perceive the Pacific Basin as the focus for 1976 / $4, ph; $12, he Sheed and Ward, The Yankee-Cowboy model identifies within the their essential' interests and tend to be far more national political-economic elite two .groups, or doctrinairely anti-Communist. "poles," whose members hold fundamentally differ­ ---v-- To'drastically sirttplify a highly detailed analysis, ent world-views." The Yankees are those individuals For many years now,. the "Yankee-Cowboy" model Oglesby argues that the Kennedy assassination in concentrated in the old, established families of the of conflict·· within tbenational political-econQ1'l1ic 1963 represented a' virtual coup d'etat within the elite has beenwidety discussed within American political-econornic elite, transferring leadership from radical circles. Originally developed in the late 1960s the Yankee elements to the Cowboy elements repre­ by Carl Oglesby, a fornier president of Students for sented by Johnson and Nixon. However, following a Democratic Society, the model provided an ex­ growing disillusionment within the Yankee camp over tremely useful theoretical framework for analyzing the direCtion of the Vietnam War,'the Yankee ele­ the broader meaning of such prominent and trau­ ments attempted to reassert their control within the matic political events as the abortive Bay of Pigs national political-economic elite through a carefully invasion, the John F. Kennedy assassination, Lyndon orchestrated campaign to remove Nixon without Johnson's sudden and unexpected resignation and revealing the full extent ofcovert activites by govern­ the Watergate crisis that precipitated· the downfall of ment agencies-in effect, a second coup d'etat. Richard Nixon. Oglesby argued forcefully that the In .the past year, two books have been published significance of these events could not be grasped by that explore various aspects of the Yankee-Cowboy considering them in isolation. Instead, he contended model in considerably greater detail than is possible that they were manifestations of a far more funda­ here: Carl Oglesby's The Yankee and Cowboy War mental tension that, in one form or another, has di­ and Kirkpatrick Sale's Power Shift. The publication vided the political-economic elite governing America of these two books in such close succession ensures since the earliest days of our Republic, a tension that, that the Yankee-Cowboy model will re~eive wide­ in recent years, has contributed to growing political spread public attention and should provoke a re­ instability at the national level. examination of many of the most prominent events Oglesby's early, fragmentary fonnulations of the of the past 15 years from this new perspective. For Yankee-Cowboy model were presented in a series of example, while Woodward and Bernstein provided us articles appearing in such periodicals as the Guardian, with extensive coverage of the events surrounding Ramparts, and the Boston Phoenix. As a result, they Northeast whose power is derived from their control the Watergate crisis, in a very real sense they merely did not receive wide attention among the general of Wall Street financial finns and vast, multinational told us what happened; Oglesby has gone beyond this public, but they did capture the imagination of many corporations. These are the people who direct the and very persuasively argued why it happened. Sirtt­ radicals and libertarians who preceived the analytical affairs of the network of interlocking institutions ilarly, many authors have compiled evidence challeng­ insights of the model. Murray Rothbard was one of that comprise the "Eastern Establishment." Strongly ing the assumption that Lee Harvey Oswald was the the first libertarians to recognize the importance of Anglophile, the Yankees perceive the North Atlantic Oblesby's model in his "Only One Heartbeat Away," industrial community as the focus of their economic, (Continued on page 4)

• The Yankee and Cowboy War by Carl • "Thomas Paine: A Soldier for AIl Sea­ sons" by Carl Shapiro ...... 9 Oglesby I Power Shift by Kirkpatrick Departments Sale, reviewed by Alan Fairgate 1 • The Last Days ofthe Qub by Chris Welles, • The Power of Congress (As Congress Sees reviewed by Alan Fairgate ...... 10 It) by Robert LeFevre (edited by R. S. • The Making of the Modern Family by Radford), reviewed by Steve Eddy 3 • An Afterword from Readers, Authors, In Edward Shorter, reviewed by Barbara Reviewers 20 .My Years with Ludwig von Mises by Luce-Turner 10 •A Word to Our Readers 2 Margit von Mises, reviewed by Murray N. • "The Literature of Freethought" by Libertarian Review Rothbard...•...... 4 George H. Smith 12 • Briefly in Review ...... 17 • Classified Advertisements 22 .A Civil Tongue by Edwin Newman • "Jazz: The Golden Age" (Part VI: Exit reviewed by Stephen J. Chapman : .5 Artie Shaw, and the Golden Age) by Neil • Contributors in This Issue 2 This Month • "Prohibiting Rattlesnakes and Strychnine" McCaffrey .•...... 16 • The Decline ...... 6 by Gary A. Hughes ...... 6 • The Camp of the Saints by Jean Raspail, • Essay Review ~ ...... 12 .Identity and Intimacy by William Kil­ reviewed by Lynn Holdom 16 • Libertarian Cross-Currents 20 patrick, reviewed by Harries-Clichy Peter- .Sentience by Wallace I. Matson, reviewed • Music in Review 16 son, Jr 7 by Tibor Machan .....•...... 18 • Personalities...... 9 .Cut Local Taxes by Robert Poole, Jr., .Healer by F. Paul Wilson, reviewed d by • Washington Watch 14 reviewed by Tom G. Palmer ...... •...8 Richard E. Geis ...... •...... 19 oNew' cassette selections' from 'Audio­ BohBrauer, Scootch Pankonin, arid, secutiveweeks, at the Fo:rum:s Sunset from the Register "with his permISSIOn. Forum include recordings of most events Alan Bock, Lobbying Panel; Tape 744 ,Blvd. office. ,Tuition for "the course is Alan Fairgate is a graduate studentill at the 1976 Libertarian Party convention. (32 min), $9.95. $60, payable in three installments. For business administration and' law a( a The, following cassettes may .be ,ordered Walter Block, Defending the Undefen- more information, call George Smith or leading American university. Richard E. ;Audi()~Forum,90L directly from N. dable, Tape 745 (51 min), $9:95. Wendy Grosscupat213467-1 05 1.. Geis ,is ,editor/publisher, •. of th~ award-. Washington, St., Alexandria,', V A 223 14. winning Science Fiction Review (PO Murray Rothbard,Walter Grinder, arid Order'p'repaid,or charge to your 'Ameri­ Box 11408, Portland, OR 97221; one John Egger, Austrian Economics Panel, can Express, BankAmericard, or Master eJames Dale DaVidson, executive direc­ year, 4 issues, $4.50). Lynne Hoidorn has Tape 746 (68 min), $10.50. Charge account ,by providing your ac­ tor of the National Taxpayers Union and been a' history teacher and a computer count. number, card expiration date; Peter Breggin, The Need to Integrate an LR contributor, has been voted Play- ' programmer. She "writes in her spare and signature: Psychology and Politics, Tape 747 boy's Annual Writing Award for the time and hopes to become a famous RogerMacBride, Banquet Address, Tape (63 min), $10.5 O. best new nonfiction contribution' of science fiction writer someday." lIer 731 (51 min), $9.95. William Marina, A Libertarian Perspec­ 1976. The award was made for his review of Camp of the Saints is reprinted Nathaniel Branden, How to Communi­ tlve on the American Revolution, "Punch Out the IRS!" which appeared with permission from Science Fiction cate Political Ideas, Tape 732 (55 min), Tape 748 (48 min), $9.95. in the April Playboy. Congratulations, Review. Gary A.Hughes is a legislative $9.95. Murray Rothbard, Benediction to the Jim! assistant in the New York legislature and Libertarian Party Convention, Tape 749 Ed Crane and Roger MacBride, Welcome a third- year law student at Albany Law (33 min) $9.95. Address to the Convention, Tape 733 eLiberty Bookstore (811 Castro St., School. Barbara Luce-Turner is complet­ (25 min), $8.95. Mountain View, CA 94041; phone: ing her studies at Southern Illinois Uni­ 415-965-1776) has an interesting catalog versity. Tibor R. Machan teaches philo­ Ralph Raico, A History of the Modern eRalph Myles Publisher, Inc. (PO Box available in return for your address and a sophy at SUNY, Fredonia, New York, Libertarian Movement, Tape 734 (42 1533, Colorado Springs, CO 8090l), $.13 cent stamp ($.24 for first class). and is an LR associate editor. HisJatest min), $9.95. specializes, in keeping available classic To quote from the front cover of the book is Introduction to Philosophical Morton Halperin, The CIA -FBI Threat works of revisionist history, anarcho­ catalog, "You will probably never see Inquiries (Allyn and Bacon). Neil to Privacy, Tape 736 (53 min), $9.95. libertarian political philosophy, and ego­ another catalog like this one. In it, you McCaffrey, jazz buff extraordinaire, is ist philosophy. The Ralph Myles list Earl C. Ravenal, A Non-Interventionist can learn how to protect yourself from: president of Arlington House Publishers. Foreign Policy, Tape 737 (65 min), includes such titles as The Will to Bon­ inflation, economic collapse, food short­ Tom G.' Palmer is on the national staff $10.50. dage; The Literature of Isolationism: ages, famine, gas shortages, taxes & the of the Libertarian Party and the national Eric Mack, A Libertarian Looks at Non-Interventionist Scholarship, 1930­ IRS, government controls, contaminated director of the Young Libertarian Alli­ Natural Rights, Tape 738 (44 min), 1972; Men Against the State: The Exposi­ water, contaminated food, heart disease, ance. Harries-ClichyPeterson,"Jr., a" $9.95. tors of Individualist Anarchism in Ameri­ "sometime libertarian activist," is a lieu­ ca, 1827-1908; The Philosophy of Ego­ tenant of Marines at Coronado, Cali...: David Friedman, Some Reflections on ism; and Revisionist Viewpoints: Essays fomia. He is a graduate of Stanford,Uni­ the Logic of International Diplomacy, in a Dissident Historical Tradition. Tape 739 (40 min), $9.95. versity. Murray N. Rothbard is Professor Write fora c;atalog. of Economics at the Polytechnic Institute Leonard Liggio, Steve Halbrook, and of New York, editor of Libertarian John Hagel, Middle East. Panel, Tape Contributors eG~orge H. Smith, director of the forum IN THIS ISSUE Forum, and an associate editor of Liber­ 740 (71 min), $10.50. ,I ~'!r,ian,ReYiew r~,,~e~. Aug\l~in;Jenny fe# Philosophical Studies (6725S1Jnset .. flas oLMy ,YearS Sharon Presley, Kay Blvd., Suite 500, Los Angeles, CA with Ludwig vgn"Mises first appeared in Graf, Cindy Cisler, and Nancy Borman, 90028), is presenting "A History of Human Events...,Eo Scott Royce ,works Feminist Panel, Tape ,741 (58 min), Athei&rn.aIld 'Religic>us Dissent,'~ a ten­ Stephen J. Chapman is on the staff of the for the National Right to Work Legal $9.95. lec'ture series on theories and proponents' National Taxpayers Union. He is a grad­ Defense Foundation and is editor/ Tibor Machan" Libertariayzism .and So­ of atheism, agnosticism, deism, and free:­ uate of Harvard University, where he publisher of Southern Libertarian Re­ cial,Philosophy, Tape' 74207 min), thought from, the seventeenth centurytq wrote for the Crimson. Steve Eddy is view. Carl Shapiro has Qeena stud~pt.9f $9.95. the present. The series hegins on Tuesday,.; a staff writer for the Santa Ana the life and works of Thomas Paine for John Hospers, Libertarian ,Morality, 11 January, 7-9 P.M. It will continue at Register (California). Mr. Eddy's review more than a decade. He i~·.a songwriter, of The Power of Congress is reprinted freelance writer, arid,Jecturer.• " Tape 743 (64 mill), $1 0.50. the same time each Tuesday for ten cori- . ~.. .." .' .,: :'."' • r-~------, I Suhscription Service Forlll I I MyName I I I I Address I CitY~-,---- ,-----,- State zip _ I 350 I o ENTER MY NEW SUBSCRIPTION­ o EXTEND MY PRESENT SUBSCRIP­ one year, 6 issues, $8. MY PAY­ TION~one year, 6 issues, $8. MY I MENT IS ENCLOSED. PAYMENT IS ENCLOSED. I I o PLEASE,ENTER GIFT SUBSCRIP­ Editor Publisher TIONS FOR, THOSE' LISTED BE­ I KarlT. Pflock Robert D. Kephart SEND ADDITIONAL COPIES OF o LOW. (l SUBCRIPTION, $8 FOR THE ISSUE I ONE 'YEAR", 6 ISSUES, 2-25 SUB­ Associate Editors OF LR AT $1.50 each; 5 for $6; I Assistant to the Pu.blisher SCRIPTIONS, $7. FOR ONE YEAR, 10 for $10; 50 for $37.50; 100 for Walter E. Grinder Janet Fouse 6 ISSUES, OVER 25 SUBSCRIP­ I $60. MY PAYMENT IS ENCl,-.OSED. John Hospers TIONS, $6 FOR ONE YEAR, 6 I TiborR. 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ADDRESS CHANGE: Write rtew address, city, state and Name ' Name I I Address ,---- - Address-,- _ zip code on plain sheet of paper. ,Attach mailing label from recent issue of LR, and send to Circulation Dept., Libertarian Review, 6737 Annapo]jsRd., P.O. Box 2599, Landover Hills, " City State_'__Zip _ City. --- ~ State--Zip-- I Md. 20784. I Sign Gift Card "------Sign Gift Card " " I L · _ --_...._------_..1 Second class postage paid at Alexandria, Virginia, and other mailing offices. 2 Libertarian Review and above the conflicting interests..._." IWAGS & SCALAWAGS I Buckley bolsters his position with the words of The Thomas Jefferson: "The will of the majority is in all ~cases to prevail, but that will, to be rightful, must be reasonable." To this, LeFevre responds that the will of a majority Power of Congress might well be wrongful, ·but that Buckley and others have grabbed for the power to use their own personal scale of values to· determine that which is "the com­ mon good." (As Congress Sees It) Such an authoritarian approach as the one outlined by Buckley is one reason libertarian ranks include so manyex-eonservatives. The crux of LeFevre's idea is that there is nothing By Robert leFevre (edited by R. S. Radford) wrong with representation per se; that is, ifit is based on mutual trust, consent, and responsibility. But, he maintains, we have instead a secretly ap­ Reviewed by Steve Eddy I Pine Tree Press, .1976 I A New York representative, ·John Dow, appears to pointed elite conclave made up of men who believe. $2.95 --v-- have seroiusly considered heeding LeFevre's request. they can be "right" while doing whatever they Citing the works·of Freud, Rosseau, and Sartre, Dow please with the lives, liberties, and properties of The belief that Congressional representatives don't admits to the "mQral athbiguity" ofserving in Con­ others. know what they're doing is probably held by most gress, but concludes it would also be immoral to And they say they justifiably derive this monarch- AJnericantaXpaye~. step aside while letting someone worse than him . ical· authority from a "ConstitutloJ;l" drafted in the But·Robert Lefevre, author of several major works assume the position. name of "We the People," but which was in fact on the philosophy of libertarianism, has set out in a \ And at one point, we get a first hand look at a. gut never siglled, approved, or even seen by anyone, newly published work to prove the notion to be level difference between conservatism and liber­ save a few men who saw it as a mechanism through literally true: that they really don't know what tarianism. which to gain power.. they're doing. Or what they should be doing. Or Sen. James Buckley, widely regarded as a leader One cannot fail to be awed by LeFevre's lightning what gives them the legal or moral right to do any­ among so-called conserVatives, .. says a senator cannot logic and uncanny ability to remain calm and man­ thing in the first place. simply be viewed as an agent of others, but is elected nerly in the face of kingly put-downs. LeFevre's 1972 correspondence with 46 members to deliberate majorities-"to determine what, is a For the dedicated student of liberty, LeFevre's of the Senate and House has become The Power of reasonable majority and act, therefore, not in his own congressional .correspondence-like the pioneering Congress (as Congress Sees It), edited by R.S; behalf or necessarily in behalf of an unreasonable work of Lysander Spooner a century ago-can only Radford. majority but in behalf of some common good over serve to recharge 'and uplift.• His premise is this: A man holding public office can only be consider~d 438 FROM UNDER THE RUBBLE~Alexander Solzhenitsyn. The greatest writer of our time an agent of others. But the generally recogllized con­ joins six other dissidents to score Red tyranny -and W,(:stern liberalism. $8.95 cept of agency is a responsible one, requiring that the 308 GIBBON FOR MODERNS. Masterful abridgment by Peter P. Witonski of the 6­ agent know and be able to identify his principals, and volume. classic, Decline and Fall of the ROl/lan Empire - with lessons for America today. then act in their best interests. But a congressman ca.n $8.95 show neither legal proof nor moral evidence that any­ 289 KISSINGER ON THE COUCH - Phl'1li.\ Seh/afly & Chester Ward. 846 pages'·· of:.. one eitherappointed him as his agent or sought to ran' deadly indictment. $12.95 .. 446 CONSERVATIVE VOTES, LIBERAL VIC­ get him to act in his best interests. TORIES-Patrick J. Buchanan. How con­ servatives can translate votes into public This is because these people are elected to Congress policy. $7.95 by a secret ballot and are thus unable to point to rc,~~~~~~rl~~~~~~~~~o~~a~~~~$~~~ . ~eir principals and act "for" them in anY honest 384.:r VAI.Ua TO-II.IO 372 VITAMIN B17: FORBIDDEN WEAPON AGAINST CANCER-Michllel L. Culbert. If this is the cure, why won't the bureaucrats w:l6w, LeFevre ia~ks; cM! arnan claim to be honest let us try it? $1l.95 :~:~~~~tj~~ ~~u~o;~~~!~~~~~;~~ 418 HOW TO SURVIVE IN YOUR LIBERAL while supposedly being able to representboth those SCHOOL-James K. Fill-patrick. Eloquent who voted for him, as well as those who would do teacher shows students (and their parents) .. r ·.~·:e'-· THE BREAKDOWN how. $7.95 anything in .their power to prevent him from being an 444 THE GODS OF ANTENNA - Bruce Her­ agent for them? I TIll OF THE OLD P9LITICS schensohn. Insider's look at how· the media __ byGen. ThomasA. Lane got Nixon. $7.95 381 GETTING RICH IN COMMODITIES, Therefore, someone who claims to be an agent and CURRENCIES OR COINS-BEFORE OR Why both major parties are failing DURING THE NEXT DEPRESSION­ acting for others, but who can show no legal or moral Robert Viehas. Only for the sophisticated. proof as to who those persons are for whom he acts, !'I.- us. "An almost classic statement of $14.95 411 THE UNHOLY ALLlA-NCE - C. Gregg can only act on his own behalf. ..•...... -. the conservative position in America Singer. Outspoken history of the National at this time."- Publishers Weekly. In the letters to congressmen,· leFevre details this Council of Churches. $11.95 1.'.I11III _$_8....;.9_5 _ 36 JIo'K: THE MAN & THE MYTH-Victor untenable moral position and asks them to resign and Lask,.. Classic political biography, and still 478 LENIN IN ZURICH-Alex/mder1:Solzhen­ 470 THE COLLAPSE OF DEMOCRACY _ the best on Kennedy and the Clan. $9.95 '~enjoyed be content with the rights and privileges by its}·n. "Masterly fusion of history, biography' Roberl Moss. "An intellectual and political 418 A GANG 01<' PECKSNIFFS - H. L. everybody else." . and the novelist's art."-Publishers Weekly. event of the first importance."-Nalional Mencken. Sparkling collection of his writings "A line litemry achievement." - Wall St. Review. $8.95 on the press. $1l.95 Many readers, if not particularly interested. in liber­ lournal. $8.95 358 CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY: Vol.l - 408 THt; VICTIMS-Frank Carrington. Tough 337 THE LAST KENNEDY - Roberl Shemll. / Murray N. Rothbard. Readable libertarian attorney shows what we must do to overcome tarianism (yet), will enjoy the book on th~ level of . Teddy, Chappaquiddick ami the big cover­ history of COlonial America. $15.00 the crime scourge. $9.95 cUriosity. They will find .. the "deep" philosophical up·. "Oevastating." - Library Journal. "A 458 CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY: Vol.1-Murray 39% THE CHURCH n... rODAV'S CATA- small, sa'rdonic masterpiece."-N.Yo Times. N. Rothbard. The American colonies, 1710- COMBS. Scores of persecuted Christians and and· political rationales of some of their legislators $8.95 1763. "Even better [than the first excellent Jews, incIudi,,~ Solzhenitsyn, cry out from 472 THE COMING BREAKPOINT-Barry Gold­ volume)."-Modern Age. $12.95 behind the trolo Curtain. $8.95 fascinating and occasionally hilarious, if not down­ waler. .01 do think the nation has less than :!g~D T~~ll~J~~T~O~~Y #ri?:K~ELl ten y.ears ..."-then Barry shows why. $8.95 31599 WAYS TO MAKE l\IONEY IN A DE· 431 right stupid. PRI<:SSION-Geruld Appel. How to laugh at .GOLD COINS~Ja",es E. Sillclllir & Harr)' 488 JESUS CHRIST BEFORE HE BECAME A hard times. 58.95 D. Schultz. How to profit in up and down In his lectures, LeFevre advocates no government SUPERSTAR-J.. K. FilZpalriek. Brilliant young writer refutes the updaters-with the 15 SUICIDE OF THE WEST-James Burnham. markets. $8.95 words of Jesus Himself. $7.95 . What makes liberals that way? This classic 398 MEDIACRACY: American Parties and Pol- whatsoever, but rather the bringing about of a system gives the best answers yet. $7.95 Ides In the Communications Age-Kevin P. 448 TOTAL INVESTING-Thomas J. Holt. This 414 PAUL: ENVOV EXTRAORDINARY- Phillips. Penetrating. $8.95 of responsibile individualism based on. property ~8.5% method-not a gimmick-gained per Malcolm Muggeridge & Alec Vidler. In the 331 WAKING UP THE GIANT _ Slefan T. rights and the nature of human· beings to seek profit. year in 8 years of good and bad markets. steps of St. Paul, sparkling conversation and Pos.lony. Detailed, Jresh approaches to anti- Can be used by any investor. $8.95 gorgeous color photos. $5.95 Communist strategy. $14.95 He hastens to point out that the nation's law­ 490 THANK GOD I HAVE CANCERl -Rei'. make~,and CliJjord Oden. Brave minister tells how -God 3M W~:~~Ge~~tY~pp~?~~a~te~~~::edi~ 196 THE FAILURE OF l'HE "NEW ECONOM- others in various strata ofgovernment, helped him survive this killer. $7.95 of financial plans for every investment need. ICS"-Henry Hal-lilt. Definitive refutation are not all "bad guys." Many of them, he declares, are 454 IF MEN WERE ANGELS-Sen. James L. 525.00 of Keynes. $11.95 Buckley. "This book adds a note of class to 416 TRADING SILVER-PROFITABLY -D. 188 THE GODS OF ATHEISM - Vincenl P. bright people who could most likely perform honest, the right."-New Republic. $8.95 Turner & S. H . . Blinn. 13 computer-tested Miceli. S.J. SearChing indictments of Sartre. productive tasks in a free market. 484 THE ACLU ON TRIAL-W. H. Mellhany methods~but none for the fainthearted. Cox, Comte, Marx, Heidegger, Robinson, ll. Detailed indictment of its leftist record. $11.95 Tillich, etc. $12.50 Some, by the same token, woul1 obviously have to $11.95 496 IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF JESUS.,-· r------~~~v~;;;E111;.;~~~~;----- become pickpockets or die of hunger within a few W. E. Pax (Institute oj Bible Research. Jerusalem). Beautiful .word-and-picture Clays. journey. 122 gorgeous photographs-68 I 165 Huguenot Street, New Rochelle, N.Y. 10801 Those of both characteristics corresponded with in breathtaking full color. Oversized 8IA x 10. Printed throughout on rich coated : Please send me FREE The Breakdown of the Old Politics plus stock. Informative text throws new .light LeFevre. The words of some of the big names are . on the Gospel narratives. $19.95 I the 3 books whose numbers I have entered below: here: Edmund Muskie, Gerald Ford, Hubert 451 LIBERAL PARENTS. RADICAL CHIL­ DREN-Midge Deeler. "Right on target ... Humphrey (whom, we· are told, represents an of the splendid. stimulus to a critically needed self- I I· I I IL..--_ people of Minnesota) MjJ{e Gravel, and Edward ~~:~i~I~~~~~w~1 ~~~t/~~,l;,~:r~~.9~d chO- Bill me for only 99~ for all 4, plus shipping, and enter my membership in the Conservative Book Club-the only book club expressly for political conservatives. 1 agree to buy 4 more Brooke. 456 BLOOD OVER TEXAS--S. H.Monlaigne. books in the next 1g months from among. more than 150 to be offered-books on·politics, But the lesser-knowns provide the real meat of the ~~~f:i~: tg~oM:Xig.~Cl~a~~$8.~5as not the investing, religion, social issues, Communism, economics, conservative ideas, history, etc. Membership entitles me to a free subscription to the Club Bulletin, which brims ~ith book. book, and the bestofits subtle humor. 462 THE COMING DEFLATION: ITS DAN- bargains and offers me opportunities to get in touch with my fellow members. I am eligible to GERS-AND OPPORTUNITIES-C. V. buy Club books at discounts that range from 20% to 94% plus shipping. If I want a Selection, ~ Richard Hanna, then a representative from Cali­ Myers. The famed financial maverick deliv- 1 do nothing; it will come automatically about a month later. If 1 don't want a Selection, or en a sobering message. $8.95 if I prefer one of the several Alternates, 1 simply inform you on the handy form always fornia's Orange County (where LeFevre lives),res­ 317 PLAIN TALK-ed. by Isaac Don Levine. provided. I'll be offered a new Selection every 24 days--15 times a year. 1R-106 I ponded to LeFevre's lengthy, scholarly, logical and 464-page anthology frolTl the leading anti- - ~~~r:~n~sr~ tik:a~r:reo~~~the40LUC~ea~~~s I impassioned treatise by saying he had referred it to . Rand, Margaret Mitchell. $12.95 Name I another congressman "who. represen,ts the district ·.64 LIVING WITH .TERRORI~M - Richard I Clulterbllck. How to protect yourself and Add I in which you reside," adding, "A long-standing society without sacrificing freedom. $7.95 ress I tradition in Congress requires that each member have 316 THE HUNGRV SHEEP-I. D. Sheridan. I New kind of apologetics shows how Catholic CityI State . Zip the privilege of representing his own constituents." ~_~fa~it~h~c~a~n~h~ur~l~b~ac~k~m~od~e~rn~a_tta_c_k~s.~$_7_.9_5_~ ~

January/February1977 3 IBIOGRAPHY I with /Sa1e~(Continued MyVears 1), Oglesby from page

Ludwig vOn Mises lone assassin of John F. Kennedy, but Oglesby has situated this evidence within an analytical framework that highlights the significance of the Kennedy assas­ sination during a period of increasing tension within By Margit von Mises " the political-economic elite. Earlier researchers con­ centrated oiiestablishing that a conspiracy did exist; Oglesby provides a compelling explanation o( theforces that gave rise to the conspiracy. Reviewed.. by··.··Murray N. Rothbard / Arlington prestige ofwhich it is capable. Sale's.Power Shift offers a somewhat different.per­ House, 1976, I $9.95 (illustrated) In what I fouJ)d a particularly moving passage of spective on the Yankee-Cowboy mod~l, and its most ~ the book, Margitwrites of the time, early in his valuable contribution is a detailed discussion of the For those who are passionately concerned with life in America, when Mises visited a friend of his ide~as, and especially those engaged ina lifelong strug­ (Winfield W. Riefler), who had a position with the "six basic pillars of the cowboy economy: agribusi­ gle for freedom, the opportunity is all too rare to presitgious' Institute for Advanced Study at Prince­ ness, defense; advanced technology, oil and natural stepbac}( for a moment and consider the persons ton, where scholars can devote themselves to full­ gas productipn, real estate and construction and who are/our mentors and, guides. This'is pa:rticularly time scholarship and high intellectual companionship. tourism and leisure." However, Sale's analysis is seriously flawed by the tendency to present the jrueof Ludwigvon Mises, one of the great minds of She writes: " this century and the' outstanding champion ofhuman I remember Lu [Mises] once told me that reader with a false dualism involving and either-or freedom of our age. .. ' Riefler's job wal'l the only position that, really choice between two undifferentiated regions: the In this charming and poignantnlemoir of their life would have made him happy.... It was unusual Northeast v. the Southern Rim. Moreover, Sale dis­ together, his devoted widow, Margit, points out that for Lu to express a longing for something out of plays a a pronounced bias in favor of the Northeast, when Mises died in October 1973, none ofthe articles his reach. It was more revealing to me than any leaving the' reader with little doubt as to which pro­ and memorials about him dealt with Mises the person. other remark he might have made.... When I told tagonist he favors in the epic encounter between Fritz Machlup [qne of Mises' students in Vi­ these two regions. In her preface, she explains why, and why she wrote enna} - much, much later-about Lu's wish, he this book: .By persistently focusing on the role ofpolitical-eco­ replied, "And he would have been the right man at nomic .elites, .Oglesby manages to avoid much of My husband was a very reserved person. While,he the right place." Why did no one ever think ofit? was kind and friendly to all, he was extremely Sale's regionalist bias, and hec3J.ls upon the reader self-restrained and uncommunicative about his Why, indeed? In her sweet way, Margit expresses "to tum against Yankee. and Cowboy elites equally." own life and affairs. He never talked about himself gratitude to New York University for giving Mises Ogle~by, far nlOrethan. Sale,appr~c!ates.that th~ or his family. His work, his writings belonged to the opportunity to teach. But I must confess that ,- Yankee-Cowboy model represents an" attempt to the world. His feelings belonged to me. I have ,analyze tensions within the national pQlit19al-eco­ reason to believe that I am the only person who nomiceliteianclthat; thevasl majority ofthe·· Ameri­ really knew. him. can people inboth regions pf the country are essen­ That is why I have written this book~ The desire tially victimsofa poweristrilggle w\1!~few of them to bring him closer' to his admirers and to the fully understand. This is. an-extremely important many students who loved him and stood in awe of fro1nthe"YiewpoinLof:p()lit,ic~istrategy, his genius eventually grew so strongwithin me that . distinction it became almost an obsession. By telling the since if Sale's regionalist perspective is adopted, one story of our life together, I shall try to reveal would be tempteditowrite off the population of an Ludwig von Mises as he rell1ly was: a great thil1ker, entire region as morally bankrupt. On the other hand, a great scholar, a great teacher-but still a l<:lhely Oglesby:carefully distingtlishesJ)etwe.~ntlleactivities man with a great need for love and affection.. of the political-econoimic· elltes-land the rest of the The awej and the love I can testify to. For tff~e of ;~,9!?pl·~M!~QI;l;~.·,,;:~~r~~¥>~HPtj~~,':59P~ti;t,M.~P:~.!~~,.....ip us who were honored and privffCged.vingmemoir, Margit von they only allo~ed Mises to teach full-time as a visiting Dook, since he could have written at least two very Mises has gracefully succ~eded in the delicate task of professor for many years because his entire salary valuable books on the Yankee-Cowboy model. The revealing to us Mises the man without presuming to was paid by the William VolkerFund and other busi~· one that he did write clearly demonstrates the value strip away his cherished sense of privacy. (Would ness' admirers, that the adminstration of NYU tried to of the model in interpreting the confusing and occa­ that other memoirs would do the same!) discourage students f{om attending Mises' plasses, sionally'even chaotic events that have dominated the As the details of their life together accumulate,the .~ many emotions fill my h€:lart, but gratitude is not one political scene over the past 15 years~ By skillfully i reader becomes gripped ,and moved ;by the book. of them. [ weaving historical detail and theoretical analysis into Wlio would have thought that. a volume like this is To think that at a time when every fifth-rate a coherent andcompell-ing interpretation of two.of one that "one cannot· put down"? And yet, Margit socialist refugee received well-paying and prestigious the most dramatic events of this period, Oglesby has accomplished this feat. . ' posts in academia that a man like Mises could only .establishes a persuasive case for the' validity of his Above all, this book is a lovely valentine, a love spend his years at a third-rate business school in a model. story of Ludwig and Margit's life together. It is a subsidized post! This is a blot on American academia -The.book that Oglesby did not write would have touching and tender love story, a romance in the best that can never be forgiven or forgotten. provided the reader with a more detailed and system­ sense of the term. No longer need we think sadly of I am grateful and happy that Ludwig and Margit atic elaboration of the Yankee-Cowboy model it­ LuAssociated Press began a" story, "A Senate Appro­ clear of countless common errors~ But he'leaves the --y- priations Committee has acted to ensure that former reader longing for Orwell's lucid insights, such as his Edwin Newman is a highly serious man when he is President Richard Nixon is not provided household observation that "one ought to recognize that the on television asa reporter-he has one oftbe deadest servants. at government expense," UPI covered the present political chaos is connected with the decay pans in the business-but in print he is usually very same incident with the lead .sentence, "The chairman of language, and that one can probably bring about funny. There are several passages mA CiVil Tongue of a Senate subcommittee says t4e government some improvement by. starting at· the verbal end. If that will· provoke most readers to laugh out loud, shouldn't pay for shining Richard Nixon's shoes." you simplify your English, you are freed from the - something rare in contemporary American writing, Such examples are rare. worst follies of orthodoxy. You cannot speak any particularly journalism. Newman· has a whimsical, Newman's point is that bad language, like polluted of the necessary dialects,and when you make a original .wit and an almost unerring eye for the air, is everywhere and is quickly becoming inescap­ stupid remark, its stupidity will be obvious, even to absurd, especially in language. A Civil Tongue should able, a point he illustrates painstakingly and often yourself." Language is too important for one to be be a very ent~rtaining book. It isn't. quite amusingly. What he fails to do is put it all in (l content with simply making fun of those who use it It is nonetheless an educational book, aimed at ex­ coherent framework that explains why English is so badly. And no one should know that better than posing the bad state of the English language, princi­ widely degraded, or what can be done about it, or Edwin Newman.• pally as spoken by Americans. To those who care, it is clear that English suffers from writing and speaking that are stilted, worqy, pompous, vague, and fIlled with jargon, but Newman shows that the abuse ,is much worse than anyone suspected. The book is essentially a collection of atrocities strung together by Newman's wisecracks. Orwell wrote thirty years ago, in his "Politics and English Language," that as a rule, "political writing.

". . bad language, like polluted air, is everywhere and is ~~ELi? quicldy :becoming JnesC?a~~ble .." ,~EM

is bad writing." That remains true, but political speaking is even worse. One hopes it was momentary confusion or nervousness or fatigue ,that caused ANDiTHE Nelson Rockefeller to say, when asked if he might be nominated for vice presldent at the 1976 Republi­ can convention, "I cannot conceive of any scenario in which that might eventuate." Likewise for Jerry Brown, who explained his celebrated "asceticism" by ART OF , saying,- "I cannot relate to that material possessory consciousness." Surely they never would have sat down and.. written that kind of pretentous nonsense. There is no such excuse~for the people who wrote a Winston-Salem, North Carolina, budget proposal, BEING® requesting money for "effective confinement and extinguishment of unwanted ::md destructive fires." An Invitation to attend a \vorkshop Here Newman inserts a typical" comments: "Firemen conducted by Dr. Nathaniel Branden­ unable to achieve distinguishment between unwanted author of "The Psychologyof Self Esteem:' and destructive fires and the wanted and constructive "Breaking Free" and "The Diso\vned Self' kind are destined to suffer languishment in the lower grades." There is no judgment a person can pass more significant than the one he passes on himself, One expects such talk from people in government, no single factor more responsible for the shape his life takes. For over 20 year~ the c~ntral theme of my wprk has been the importance of self-esteem and the process of l.tS a~tamn:ent. who often as not have good reason to obscure whaT Now I invite you to share with me the distillation of that work in a 40-hour high mtenslty they are doing by kicking up a lot of verbal dirt and workshop, whose purpose is to enhance the level of the participant's self-esteem, and to. debris. What is one to think,though, of a college assist the individual to a wider vision of life's possibilities, through a new awareness of hiS own positive personality potentials. Not alectUre series, nor psychotherapy, the workshop dean who speaks of "conceptualizing new thrusts in is a unique learning experience designed to facilitate self-awareness, self-acceptance, self­ programming" ("Beware the conceptualized thrust," responsibility, and self-assertion. I regard this 'works~op in self-esteem ~I).ha.ncem~nt as says Newman. "I saw one that had gone berserk and the most exciting and valuable program I have ever otfered, I hope you will Wish to Jom me. it took six strong men to hold it down")? Or the uni­ For Washington, D.C. For Los Angeles, California For Detroit, Michigan versity president who, when faced with a $56,000 Workshop-February 3·6 Workshop-March 17·20 Workshop-April 14·17 deficit, promised, ''We will divert the force of this fi.s- -­ Contact: Contact: Contact: cal stress into leverage energy to pry improved_budg­ Ms. Kathryn Dise The Biocentrit Institute Lee or Joyce Shulman Kephart Communications, Inc. 9255 Sunset Boulevard c/o Lee M. Shulman & Associates etary prediction and control out of our fiscal and 901 N. Washington Street, #200 Los Angeles, California 90069 751 Hendrie Boulevard administrative procedures." Or the sociologist at the Alexandria, Virginia 22314 (213) 274-1134 Royal Oak Michigan 48067 University of Southern California who blithely des­ (703) 836-3313 (313) 541-2660 cribed murder and assault as "escalated interpersonal altercations"? If our best educated people speak gib­ Self-esteem berish, whomcan we turn to for salvation? andtneart ~ To journalists, perhaps, to those people whose liveli­ hood is their skill with words? Not a chance. The 1OCi~f.' Washington Post described a particular race. horse as "uniquely one of a kind." The New York Times has mentioned bills in Congress that "successfully with­ stand attacks" ("in spite of earlier impressions," . says Newman, "that they would unsuccessfully with- January/February 1977 5 th~press often recite that sometimes the served, "its [Locke'sgovernment's] pow­ "bad" must be allowed to insure the . er is givenfor attaining an end and is thl,aS "good"is notsuppressed. S~cha philos- limited to it." Its power to intervene is ophyshouldalsobe applied ,in 'cases thus limited to those situations wher~ an involving fre~dorrl ofreligion. indiVidual. is: threatened or injured by . To show", proper r-espect for the wall another individual. "Wherethere is no of separation, the Tennessee ,Supreme tllfe~t to an in<;lividual from another, the Court should have told the district attor- government !has no power to intervene. ney to leave the sect alone. The state .Buirealityoften does not mirror the;. cannot tell '3 religious sect what it can or ory. In the present case, reality dictated cannot do during its worship service . that the state think it should intervene. Prohibiting' Rattlesnakes""'and Strychnine and still comply with the mandate ofthe This illusion stems from the state's long­ First Amendment's religion clauses. standing assertion-having no legitimate By Gary'A.Hughes The best and constitutiQnallycorrect theoretical foundation-that it can inter­ decision would have been for the court vene to protect people not only from to say: This is an area in which· the state others, but from' themselves..This philos­ 'I1teCQpl'~;when •dealing with cases in­ handled only by those. who· believed the has rio power to intervene. Everyoneat-ophy is reflected in numerous laws, most 'volying Jeligious freedom· issues, almost "Spirit"\yas with them at the time, and, tenq.s'the worship service' voluntarily; no notably those penalizing alcoholic intoxi-~ always cite approvingly the adage th,at the asstipulated at the trial level, in stich a one attends or remains under compulsion: cation, consensual "deviant" sexprac­ First:AITlendmentereqts a.walLofsepara­ way thatnp nonconsenting person was The practices at issue are apparently(for tices,. anddiugpossession. As noted tionbetween :chl.lrchand state. =1& This is endangered. the record does not appear to be clear on earlier, the state founded on Lockean legal shorthand for saying the state has . The local district attorney .. discovered this) conducted in such a.waYrthat those philosophy cannot - legitimately. make onedomain,'teligion' another,and never these· practices and brought suit,to have perSons not participating are placedinno such a claim-but it has, time and time the tWcUn shall meet. ,them declared a public nuisance and danger. In a system of government whose again.. And·the courts, equally mistaken, But .. this.wall has not proven to be one /halted. The trial court shared somewhat original theoretic justification was the have accepted the claim with depressing ofsplidstone;fropl time to timebreaches the district attorney's conc~rn, granting. necessity of protecting the indiVidual regularity ~ have appeared. One such can be called an injunction ... against further, snake­ from the depredations of others, there is the"restriCtion-on~action" breach. This handling within the county. .However, here no need for the state to interfere, Recognizing that reality·rather than fOl.lnd .expres$ion .in the opinion of the the court allowed "any person who for ill this situation no one is threatened theory controls, what 'wolJld be ·the best United States.:Su.prerrte ..• CQurt .•.. ·.in, .Bey­ wishes .' ,to swallow strychnine . or.other by· another. resolution of the issues presented in this nQlds',v. United SUItes, a case involving poison .[ toldo so if1he,does not Illakeit case? When dealing with fundamental iMonnon who was being prosecuted for available .to ·any other persons.'" On ap­ To appreciate the correctness .of this rights such as freedom of religion, the violation'.of· the .federal law proscribing peal,theTellnessee ,Court of Appeals. position, one must recalL John Locke's courts frequently invoke the "least­ bigamY. . ,His defense was the First manifested less sympathy for the district explanation of the origin of government. onerous-alternative" doctrine. This is Arri~ndrtiengs guarantee ofreligious free­ attorney's position. The .' judges' .tl!ere Locke's. theory, of course, as set fOIth in legalese for saying that jf the· state 'be­ dOIJ1;itwas,he~lalmed, adictate ofhis found the lower court's injunction to be! his. Two Treatises of Government, pro­ lieves itmustinfriilge upon a fundamen­ religion to take more .than one wife when­ overbroad and modified ltt() forbid vided the philosphical foundation of the tal right, it roust restrictthe extent of the ev~t"poSsible.. As the court noted in its snake-handling only if done .··"insucha American systeIll of government, and thus infringement to· that absolutely necessary , op~llidn,the Mormon .. church taught its manner as will endanger thelife or health provides an explanation of the nature'of to accomplish its purpose. In cases su(;h male. members ,"that "the . failing or of persons who do not consent to ex­ as this, it means the state must breach the re'lJ~ing to practice polygamy by [the) posure 'to such danger." The lower wall·onlyto· the extent'absolutelY'neces~ .ma~e.members of [the) Church, when court's allowance .of strychnine drinking sary to accomplish its task, and: no fur­ /circumstances would admit, would be was continued. ther, for smallholes do less damage to the Puti,i~lled, . 'and that the penalty for such In. the Tennessee Supreme Court? the integrity of the wall than large ones. failure'ahd refusal would be damnation in district attorney found judges as horrified "The state hasn.ow 'In" this context, the Court of App~als tije.;life to come." But much to Rey­ ash,~ by the prac~i?es at issue. The court"... '>.. • . ••. ...f; .opinion is preferable 't1> that·· of Tennes­ n,~~s'·,surpri~, the wall was found not Jo' . dtifig:Re}'~olas:~i,appIied.. the .restriction:--~~'bieli.·.f()una·to:~p'oss.ess .... ~ee'~ highest court. The latter court em­ b~·:.eas <.' impenetrable as he had assumed. on-actIOn doctone, and CIted other cases .,' ' ,'" '., . ploys a bludgeon approach. Believing 'The",courtdecided that. while ,the. First illustrating the~number ofholes that have nonparticipants might be or were endan­ Afm~~dment guarantees one an absolute rent the wall of church-state separation thepowe'tto: gered, the court issued a blanket p~ohibi­ right topelieve, it allows the state to res­ over. the years since Reynolds. The state tion against $e activities at issue. This trid{translationof those beliefs intoprac­ "has the right to guard against" the un­ insured the cessation of any danger. But tic~s. completely prohibit .Actions which offend against soci­ necessary creation of widows and, or­ it also, as the court itself noted, deprived et1l1wealfare, safety, or morals cannot be phans" thundered the court, and .it the church of its theological heart. The pertl1ihed, said the Court, .even if they proceeded to order a halt to both prac~' the use,of former court utilizes a more surgical ap­ spring from valid religiOUS belief. In this' tices. p-roach, .tailoring its·directive ." to prote~t case, polygamy not only offended against While the practices ~njoinedhere may certain practices in the the nonparticipants, but leaving the societal morals, it was criminally. pro­ not be appealing, the question, posed by religious freedom of the sect su1?,stantially scribed. Thus, the .wall is solid when the court's action is ,Of the gravest import. intact. Of the two approaches, this clear­ mere beliefis involved, but when action is religious worship The state here is found to have the power ly embodies the "least onerous alter­ at issue, the wall .is much like Swiss , to dictate what is or is not acceptable in .' native." .As the "spectators" were cheese: solid with occasional holes, which a worship service. Even ifone agrees with apparently already protected in practice, allow the state to intervene in som~ in­ services.,..." the result in this particular case, the para- the Court· of Appeals opinion in reality stances. , mOllnt questionis: To what extent could gives approval to the' church's activities. <)De would assume that if anyaspectof the ruling be expanded/in the future? It Only a tiny burden is placed on the sect: _ re\igionis protected from state inter- may be only a small step from state pro- members' are prohibited from taking their fen~nce, it is the content of theceremoni- hibition of certain activities to state snakes .among the nonparticipants and al practices of a sect, unconventional as prohibition of certain prayers Or songs or the powers of that government. cannot ~ make strychnine available to they may be. Ceremony is a major ex- perhaps even meetings themselves. For According to Locke, people in the state others. But given the nature of reality, as •pression of a religion's tenets; a fmding instance, suppose ,the government turned of nature collectively owp the.tangible mentioned earlie'r, such a burden repre­ that the .state possesses the power to in- more openly repressive and~churches re­ commodities we commonly call property. sen 18 the least that could have been terfere in this area would pose a grave quested their congregations to fast until By t1:le use of his or her labor, a person fashioned. The decision represents a threat t~ religious freedom. In a recent we were delivered from the tyrants. In severs a portion of that property from the breach in the wall, but only avery small case, the. Supreme Court of· Tennessee . such an e~e,nt, could the church meetings commonly owned stock~/ thus making it one. made 'such a fmding:invoking the'Rey- themselves be banned as per se a public his or her own. Sinice such alienation is As a consequence of the decision of the nblds restriction-on-actiort doctrine, the nuisance? Judges often write of the the result of individual effort, those ca­ Tennessee Supreme Court, another gaping court allowed the state of Tennessee to necessity of keeping the metaphorical pable of greater effort (due to physical hole has rent the church-state wall of the prohibit a sect from usingcertainuncon- door that separates individual liberties strength, size of family, or other factors) First Amendment. The state has now verttional pnlctices in its worship service. frQmgovernlllental interference tightly am'ass a greater amount of property than been found to possess the power to com­ The' case, State ex rei Swann v. Pack, closed against government entry, for once others. As a response to such inequality, pletely prohibit the use ofcertain prac­ concerns two practices of the Holiness that door is left the slightest bit ajar, those who have less attack those who tices in religious worship services, even Chllfch of God in Jesus' Name~the hand- government intrusion into personallibet­ have more. though they pose no realistic threat to ling of live rattlesnakes by some members ties inevitably results. This metaphor has Thus, wrote Locke, the "great and chief anyone other than those who freely en­ and the drinking of strychnine by others been used innumerable times in cases end ... of Mens [sic] uniting into Com­ gage in them. We must all be vigilant to during, the worship service. Both prac- dealing with First Amendment freedoms. onwealths, and putting themselves under see that the state. shows restraint in the tices were engaged in, according to'one of No one knows what future governments Government, is the preservation of their use ofthis power so that the integrity of the defendant members of the sect, to may be like (indeed, who foresaw the, Property." Each person agreeing to the \ is weakened no further, for the passions "c.oIlfi~theWord.of God,". not a{a t~st ¢~~ra~t~1'9~;::t~\e~R'oIl>'Adfl1~niStr~tlon?) formation of the government cedes to it of the future, like the natural elements, of the member's faith. The .snakeswere'; orwhat.f\ltl:li~:\~·6nditiollsmayseemto his or hernatural right toretaliate against are capable of eroding even the strongest ___--~------__ require. Therefore, it is best at all times an attacker. The government is thus cre­ safeguards, especially when they have .*1Jlroughout this essay the terms."state," to keep sight of the underlying principle ated to protect the individual,against. the been already weakened by a breach of "thestatf," and "government" will be involved, and allow the occasional offen­ aggressions of others. And as the govern­ large proportions. The Supreme Court of .used interchangeably to mean· the politi­ sive act if to arrest it would damage that menthas only those powers it receives Tennessee may well have ;p~>uply B~andrIl's criteria for choice and Kilpatrick's I\ntim~c}', ,;,rationale for making choice more permanent than Identity and temporary. In that marriage we have a very. po~~r­ ful, cohesive, and inspiring foundation for' building a rational and., spundpsychology oflove .Th~fout1da­ By William Kilpatrick tion is a.coherent' statement that liberates the self from the delusions of uncommitted. fluidity in a transient age of future shock and group grope. And should motivate US, through his peisuasions,to at­ even more rewarding,Hi~an insightthat helps us tempt to defmeourselves through a concurrent discover the power and intense reward (happiness) strengthening ofidentity through ilftimacy in its most .found in a freely willed, rationally chosen, commited grand fonn:accepting love as a serious, freely willed true love. ,dedication to commitment. His statement is ex­ The value of the two books is not just intellectual; tremely well written,'· even graceful. His rich insight, if the writings are taken to heart as welt' as mind, all of it free of any jargon, is purposefully and well the resulting value is one ofintense personal gratifica­ illustrated with myriad ofexamples from psychology, tion. from popular culture, from literature. His book's And considering that love has been a source ofjust result: the strong motivation to commit oneself to as much pain as pleasure in the world, anything that something. opens our eyes to understand,. perceive, and capture Wh~t 'Kilpatrick does not do is give us any llnder­ love as, a healthy and wonderful aspect of life is standing of why we chose any given cause, passion, certainly more than worthwhile.•

."-. '. "'. :"":', i" ...a,Caxerul and'penetrating

-,:,ii,;)::. st:pdYj~f.iW'.hatJQve,js, • '" ,"" i~.,jJ,·1')d'T' .". ·.,·..··,,·.·,.··';.· .• i ~.' ..... :andwJ1at itis not.,t,

outth~t love is also of crucial importance in the deveJopm~J}t ofour identity. Fortherati,0naJ man or woman who believes that identity> (ourveryi:depth of being, our total self) is built onch;pices and; commitments, and that'· the; self develops throughdedicatioI-l .tocatlses, to\l'as­ sions,to\others,thisbookisavery warm experience.. Murray Rothbard wrote that a lifelong dedication to liberty can only be grounded on apassion for justi8~ and the passionate, embrace of ethical principles?f what justice and injustice are; as William Lloyd Gar­ rison wrote: "I have need to be on fire, for I have mountaius of ice \ about .' me to· melt." .And cso Kll- .patrick states his case for embracing love and com­ mitment. His case is profound but uncomplicated. He writes, as did Ortega, that love~is essentially a matter of choice. This is enriched and broadened by adding, from' Kierkegaard, that love is not a feeling but an act of will, a chosen duty to which we freely commit ourselves. This idea of love as a chosen duty (even if freely chosen) is incompatible with the fluid self that makes no rational decisions but slides thiOugh life, uncon­ trolled, guided by emotions grounded in nothing but whim. One reason this view of love as choice and du ty is rejected is that in being choice, love not only requires "some actions,. but proscribes other actions, and thus limits our range of involvement~and this is not desired by the Easy Riders of our age. Kilpat­ rick notes, however, that a full development of iden­ tityean only come through the intensity of involve­ ment. We must make choices to define our self, to create identity. Yet choice is worthwhile only if we are. willing to involve ourselves intimately in that choice; intimacy involves,paradoxically, a relaxation of identity,. to assert itself. The proposition, strength through relaxation, is a risky one, for thexe is a poten­ tial.for loss. Yet, as in economics, this must hold true in our psychology of self-esteem; it is only by taking risks that profits are made. . KilpatriCK has given us a powerful statement that January/February 1977 7 Cut Local Taxes ISTREAMLINING THE STATE I -Without Reducing .. Essential services By Robert Poole., Jr.

RevieWeclby TomG.Pabner I Reason Press, services that have beenusurped by government cpuld And the Jevelof taXation is detenninedby howniuch 1916/$'Z best be' provided on the free· market.. Instead" what I . the government can getaway with. As an example, . --y- .found Was a handbook for bureaucrats detailing how I t$eup the case of Orange County, Cal.ifornia. onei.Qfili~ Probably .\Vor&t sets of ideas to emanate state functions can be run wore efficiently by.utiliz­ Huntington.'Beach and other Orange' CountY' .cities froma.lib~rtariaIl., movement ,spokesman. in .recent ing "businesslike" methods.' Rather than call for ar~constantlytrotted out by Poole to demonstrate years is Robert Pool~'s Cut Local Taxes.) am sorry privitization of ..... municipal services, Poole .. 'simply cost-cutting methods which haye "saved the tax­ to report tb,at I found not a single red~eming point offers. a number ofcost-s~vinggimmitks to aid poli­ payers millions of dollars." Yet .local' taxes have in all' 46 pages,. . ticians in running state. enterprises. All .of this is skyrocketed recently, such that families have been What I had hoped tofiiid was a manual on how to advocated,of Course, in the mistaken belief ,that if forced to move from the area, being unable to afford / organize in opposition to local tax~s: supporting one can convince abureaucrat or politician t() cut the .rising tax, burden. These "savings" were not bona fide antitax candidates, running referendum costs, he .will .. automatically cut. taxes proportionally; "passed on" to the taxpayer. What such areas need, campaigns to defeat. bond issues and tax'increases, This claim is simply not borne out by the facts. rather than more of Mr. Poole's cost cutting, is a and the like, utilizing the libertarian argument that Government expenditure rises to meet tax revenues. vocal and organized antitax movement. (This is" a VOId .that could be filled by the local ~ibertarian Party.)

Youropportunityto " Probably oneof the worstsets of-ideas Studyeconomicsunder to emanate from MUrrayRothbard.. a libertarian movement 'spokesman in recent "Basic Principles of Free Market Economics" is now availableoncassette tapes. years "

Today. you cannot afford to be withllUt a CONlENTS OF THE COURSE. Ollr .\tOnl'\", and For (/ Nell' Diber/\,. His work has kn~ledge of economics. Unfortunately, however, appe'ared' in nllm,'rous publications. im'luding The 16 lectures constituting "Basic Principles" most existing texts and courses arc Keynesian in .Vatjolla/ Redel<'. Ullman HI'I'n/s. Reason, Ramparts. orientation and unintelligible in presentation. cover every important topic in economics. Here's a and The Nell' York Times, He is presently professor Now•. Murray Rothbard's comprehensive lecture sampling: of ,'clmomics at the Polvte'chnic Instituteof Nt'w York. series "Basic Principles of Free Market Economics" .CHOICE. UTILITY AND DEMAND: resources; "On,' of the outst~ndinp; teachers of our day" ,;carcity: technology and production; consumer and is available 110. tape. Answerinp; a1lonp;-felt need, Dr. -that's how, Murray Rothbard is described by Ida Cut Local Taxes is divided into seven parts. The first Rothbard has created an introductory course in ,'Co­ /capital p;oods;time preference: specialization and Walt,'rs. staff reporter for the Wa/I.Strl'el .Jollrnal. nomics from a lilx>rtarian, Austrian Sc'hool viewpoint. the division of labor. "Only Dr. Rothhard could rt'move so much mystery. six deal with ways to cut costs in fire departments, .SUPPLY AND DEMAND: the economic function mistaken thinking~ and outrip;ht insanity that cur­ HOW AN UNDERSTANDING OF ECO- of speculation: relationships between prices; sub· rently surrounds contt'mporary economics.:' His police departments, public schools, garbage ,collec­ NOM "PR'INCIPlES Will BENEFIT YOU' stitutes and complements; joint demand and joint course, adds Ms. Walters. is "the' most comprehen· tion, parks/and utilities, and administration. None of .' IC·. . supply; benefits of an exchange system; the con· sin' treatment of bask economks ever available by As its tith.>,indicates. this is a course that focuses cept of elastidty. recording." these chapters calls for privitization of services. In­ on basic ('('lJnomic' princip/('.~. An understanding of • ADVERTISING: the myth of "pure and perfect such fundamentals is of vital conc'ern to your life. mm!l"tition": product differentiation; the deter· GUARANTE~ stead, state grants ofmonopoly to "private" firms are ,-There are. of J:ourse. any number of books. news· minist fallacy; p;overnment v, the market; ethics NO·RISK letters:and seminars on investment and financial sur' of the market. "Basic Principlesof FreeMar'(etEconomics" comes supposed to be theanswer.ln fact, in the section on vivid. Such sources often supply helpful information, • PRICE CONTROLS: farm price supports; foreign with this unconditional guarantee: If for any reason trash collection Poole openly endorses grants of but they c'annot take the place of knoll·/"d1(e. aid; rationing; the enerp;y crisis; rent control: zon· you'renot fully satisfied with the course; simply What Dr. Rothbard's course provides is (lot narrowinglaws. return it and.we·1I send--vou a full refund-no ques- monopoly over free market competition! (Ifyou fmd advice of temporary. value. but a ('omp1'l'hensil'I' body • THEPROFIT MOTIVE: the "owners v. managers" tions asked'.- - , of el'onl)mi.. knOl"'ed1(e. Knliwledp;e you'll c'arry with theory: conp;lomerates: non-profit corporations: The entire Hi'cassette this hard to believe from the editor ofReason maga­ you for a lifetime.' Knowledge that will serVl' asa se· p;overnment. st't oflectures is only $160 zine, join the crowd.) The bulk of the chapters is cure foundation for futurl' cconomic decision makinp;, • COSTS OF THE FIRM: revenue. cost. and profit: -a fraction of the cost of Hearing these lectures, you'lI 1Jell:in to understand "cost·plus··: the science of welfare economics, an equivalent university spent on technical details concerning the proper how your life. your work. and your investments are .PRICING OF THE FACTORS OF PRODUC· education in free market affected by m~rket forces and- government controls. - TION: taxes: production costs; theclassical theory economics-if YOU could diameter of. fire hoses, optimal classroom size, and Aftercon.;pleting the course, you'll be prepared to of distribution; the Law of Diminishing Returns: even find one. if you pre' make economic judp;rnents intelligently. to compre· marginal productivity theory. fer, youmay pay for the the like. No mention is made ofallowing free compe­ hend the real meaning behind news events. and to • LABOR: unions: discrimination; child labor laws: course through American tition to decide these issues. The last section, "Fight .answer the arp;uments of those who oppose the free immigration quotas: the history of American union· Express, Master Charge market. ism; business-unioncollusion: ·'right·tO·work" laws; or BankAmericard. Your City Hall-And Win," was where I had hoped, after It has been said that "knowledge- is power." While the minimum w~: population. tapescome shipped in two the myths of Keynesianism continue to dominate the • CAPITAL. INTEREST AND PROFIT: long·run handsome leatherette library binders for easy access plowing through the first six sections, to fmd a few economic thinking of most people, the individual with and short·run profit; the structure of production: a'ld storage. They are accompanied by all printed gems of strategy tucked away.· Yet, Poole only urges a firmjtrOUnding in free market principles has an in· the economic function of interesJ: time preference: graphs and charts·refel'red to inthe lectures. calculable'advantajl;e. He. knows what's really hap· capitalization; the s~ock market; the economics of We said earlier that knowledge is power. When it . tax .organizers to spend their energies pushing his pening-anclwhy. slavery. comes to economiCs. too much power is exercised by .CONSERVATION AND PROPERTY RIGHTS: those with"too little knowledge. You can be one step technical "improvements" in service and not organiz­ CASSETTES: ATEACHER IN YOUR HOME. "natural" resources: broaclcastJrequencies: air and ahead of the game with a thorough understanding of ing for defeat or repeal of taxes. -The bulk of this This is an on-the-spot recording of Dr. Rothbard's water pollution. ' economic principles. Don·tdelay.MaiJ the coupon today. acclaimed New York City lecture course, faithfully • MONOPOLY AND COMPETITION: cartels; the chapter is filled with common-sense, yet monoton­ pJYSl'rving the spontaneity, immediacy and intellec· airlines; fair trade laws; antitrust, tual excitement of that event. The instructor's enthu· • MONEY AND BANKING: theevolution of money; ous, discussion of how to set up an organization. I siasm. wit and perieti'atinp; insights come across to gold and silver; depreciation of the currency; fixed ....I Yes. send_------me Dr. Rothbard's "Basic Principles ask, for what? \the listener ina manner that the printed page cannot and floating exchange rates; purchasing power; I of Free Market Economics."1 understand that ~• begin to duplicate: prices and price levels; the money supply; the for- I I mayretumthecoursllfor a full and immediate t"- Finally, it seems the whole issues boils down to . . Auditing these tapes, then. is like sitting in Dr. eign exchange market; the balance of payments; I ~~~:~~e~~f~~: r~~~~l~~~r satisfied ~ithin ~ Rothbard's own classroom. Even better ... sinc~ Gresham's Law: bank credit expa.nsion; fractional AF043 Poole's lack of understanding of the nature of the you're not required to show up at a Manhattan lecture reservebanking; central banks; the'Federal Reserve I 0 I enclose full payment of 1160. I State. He seems to agree with.Jerry Brown and hall at an appointed time each week. Instead. you-re System: the business cycle. I 0 Charge my Credit card • the "New Democrats" that government is. bumbling free to schedule the 20 hours of lectures to suit your YOUR' INST.RUCTOR'. I OBankAmericard DAmerican Express I own convenience. You set the pace. and you listen [3Master Charge , and inefficient, a benevolent idiot, that is, neverthe­ Wh~~~;;~:::e~~~~;~ularnotion of economics ALEADING AUTHORITY. . I EXIlire Date I. less, us. ''We'' are the government. "They" really as a "dismal science:' Dr. Rothbard's brilliant. lucid Dr. Murray N. ROthbard • - Card" . and entertaining presentation brings vividly to life is one of the' most distin· . I I represent "our" interests. terms like "liquidity:' "elasticity." and 'marginal guished economic thinkers I Signature I I would propose as a more realistic view !hat pro­ utility," Inflation, depression. unemployment. and of our time. An exponent of I other phenomena are explained clearly and author· the Austrian branch of eco· I , pounded by H. L. Mencken and Albert Jay Nock. itatively. nomics. he worked closely I Name I Drawing upon a lifetime of experience as anecon· for many years with that I I Government; to Mencken,. was "the common enemy omist. historian. teacher. and writer. Dr. Rothbard school's foremost twentieth dd of all' well-disposed, industrious and decent men." conveys his knowledge to the listener through a com- centurv theoriSt. the late •A teSS - I bination of theory. analYSIS.· and personal anecd0 tes. Ludwig von Mises. rd I City State Zip I Or,as Nock pointed out, "taking the State whereyer Abstract'principles and-historical data are not pre- Among Dr. Rothba's I • sented as tedious details. but are carefully related to ' '. . published works are Man. 901 N. Washington St. found, striking into its history-at any'· point, one sees the wncreteevents of today. and to the listener's own Eeononi)' and St~te. P~U'f!r and Market, AmericaS I' Alexandria,.Va. 22314 I no way to differentiate the activities of its founders, L...li~.e.'".d.co_nce.m.s•...... _.G.rt!.ut.De.p.rt!.s.sl•.on•.•w•.•hU.·t.U.QS••G.O.L.,em•.•n.re.nt.D.on.e.t.o....' .•. BIJDla.~aAIJm: administrators, and beneficiaries from those of a professional criminalclass." ~ What is needed to fight such an enemy is not to provide it with efficiency studies and tips on consoli.. dating control, but to wrest .from it th.ose areas of human action that it has claimed for its own.• Libertarian Review systematized by Paine in hiS monumental are, if I were' to e~ourage his opinions Rights of Man. Written in England in we should have a bloody revolution." 1791 as a smashing refutauon ofEdmund Yet,thousands of copies were circulated, Burke's Reflections on theRevolution in while pul>lishers and booksellers were France, this two-part work was the cul­ prosecuted-living proofofits stupendous Thomas Paine: A Soldier for All Seasons mination of all ofPaine's republican prin­ influence and importance. ciples, and itvery nearly caused the entire In France, to which he fled and was European continent fo revolt, against welcomed as a hero amid shoutS of monarchy. Burke had degraded the "Long live Thomas Paine, long live the By Carl Shapiro right of a people to overthrow a, tyranni­ rights of mati," Paine was elected to the Without a doubt one of the most extra- to all others forever." To Paine, "the cal government, and Paine 'responded National Assembly. He 'helped draft, ~ con­ ordinary and controversial figures of the exalting of one man so greatly above the with what became the handbook ofmod­ stitution and penned other republican late eighteenth century was Thomas rest, cannot be justified on the equal em democracy. In essense, Paine based works. But his humane efforts to save the Paine. Patriot, statesman,humanitarian, rights of nature... for monarchy in all 'his arguments upon the one premise life of Louis XVI made Paine a marked free~hought philosopher, and libertarian every instance is the popery of govern­ that the order of mankind is not the man. He was arrested and imprisoned in scribe in both the American and French ment.", Common Sense was the catalyst, product of government, but the effect 1793. It was in his cell that"Paine wrote revolutions, Paine's s,ervices to liberty the clarion call to independence. Within of its natural habits. Therefore, men, his deistical masterpiece, The Age of and democracy, however inestimable, three monthsabout'120,OOO copies dell­ regardless of distinctions of trade or Reason. were either undermined or largely ignored 'uged the colonies. ' , nationality, are bound by "the mutual IAfter ten monthsl of gruelling imprison­ for almost a century after his death in After the war of independence began, dependence and reciprocal interest which ment,Paine was released through the 1809. The stock answer to that unjust Paine, with undiminshed zeal, voluntered man has upon man, and all parts of civi­ kind efforts of James Monroe, the new treatment of such' a good and high- for soldier duty and subsequently lized, community upon each other .. .• American minister to France. He eventu­ minded,soul has always been that Paine's marched' with Washington's demoralized Fonnal government makes but a small ally returned to his "much-loved Amer­ fearless expose of organized religion as army on its humiliating retreat through part of civilised life; and when even the ica," where all that awaited him (for the "human inventions set up to terrify and New Jersey. It was during that harrowing best that human wisdom can devise.... is most part) were epithets and abuse for enslave mankind, and to monopolize episode that Paine began the first in a established, it is a thing more in name and writing the mind-libertating Age of power and profit," in his Age ofReason, series of 15 pamphlets known as The idea than in fact." Never unmindful of Reason. But Paine did what a genius must turned the Judeo-Christian world against American Crisis, beginning with the oft­ the injustices perpetrated .upon the do-and regretted none of it. him. That is true, for the most part, with heralded "These I are the times that try young, the aged, and the poor, Paine Indeed, as Ingersoll said with eulogistic (or without) adding to his vilification men's souls." Inspiring words to be sure, summed it up in one universal challenge: reverence: "Paine lived a long, laborious Paine's bitterly sarcastic letter in 1795 to written for a particular occasion, but, _''When it shall be said in any country in and useful life. The world is better for Washington (an old friend), damning the indeed, prophetic for all seasons. These the world, 'My poor are happy; neither his having lived. For the sake oftruth he president for disregarding the writer's vital and s~irring exhortations are invalu­ ignorance nor distress is to be found accepted hatred and reproach for his plight in a French prison. able, not only for their passionate appeals among them; my jails are empty of pri­ portion. His friends were untrue to him There were, nevertheless, several scat- to patriotism" but for their insight, both soners, my streets ofbeggars; the aged are because he was true to himself, and true tered and good-natured attempts ,to journalistically and historically, into the not in want,the taxes are not oppress­ to them. He lost the repect of what is extricate Paine. Late in the nineteenth changing situations from 1776 to 1783. sive ... ' when these things lean be said, called society, but kept his own. His life century the illustrious lawyer, agnostic, Aside from the high emotional pitch of then may that country boast o£its consti- is what the world calls failure and what and libertarian orator, Robert G. Inger- his pen, which served dramatically the , tution and its government." history calls success. . .. A few more soIl, said, among many other uplifitng immediate needs of his countrymen, the As a result ofRights" Paine was forced years-a few more brave men-a few more accolades, "Thomas Paine, an Infidel, did deeper meaning of Paine's writings was to flee England, but not without a pri­ rays of li&h:t, and mankind will venerate more for this country than any other man the underlying theme of all ofhis works: vately uttered "compliment" from Prime the memory of him who said, 'The world whoever lived in it." In 1892, Dr. the natural rights of men. The concept Minister William Pitt: "Tom Paine is is my country, and to do good my reli­ Moncure D. Conway, a Unitarian minis- was not new-but it was broadened and quite right. What am I to do?' As things gion.' It. ter, published his sensitive and scholarly two-volume Life of Thomas Paine. Previ­ ously, during Paihe's lifetime, there had been much praise of him by famous Weekly Libertarian News. Americap and ,European figures, most of which was suppressed until Dr. Conway enlightened an ungrateful world. To illuminate Paine's importance to the establishment of free government, we have only to briefly survey three' of his most important and effective works. For example,eaily in 1776, Paine The First Year. wrote Common Sense, the dynamic ... pamphlet that convinced America once NEW NEW ... tE:'e:t= and for all of the necessity of indepen­ /t.-,.,A...... D"'ARIAN E~;~~ dence, and which directly influenced the LIBERTARIAN LIBE, ,AI ' sum~"1u, . ~y ~-:.u:~~= drafting of the Declaration of Indepen­ IIII' 1-1/"X"""I/",*'1 "111I,..\I'U".''''"'''"I//l .'iIK/f'-' MC'A"...,.~II.....,M~ ~"." ...... dence. It was one thingto present ration­ 'AGES 4 : CAIN s..int ....,.. a.MIJ. ,.",.N. al arguments in favor of separation, but ~'liSF("''''''''''}'''''''' ?AGE.!'J it was yet another to enrich them with "';';'Th;,,_ SIUl~.JIII""""" vigor, clarity, and penetrating energy PAGEl 8YES;'';UYS that the average citizen could understand. C...... ,.tll-...... PAGI., Common Sense was not the product of * • * * * a formally educated political writer, but the blunt logic of an ingenious, self­ motivated enthusiast. An English-born commoner-in America less' than two years-fired the imaginations ,of thou­ sands with, as Washington put it, "sound and unanswerable" arguments. It is of little wonder that independence was demanded when the colonists read: "The cause of America is in great measure the, cause of all mankind. ... Tis not the concern of a day, a year, or an age; pos- terity are virtually involved in the con- test .... It is the true interest ofAmerica to steer clear of European contentions, The Next Year. which she never can do, while, by her dependence on Britain, she is made the Name--'- Street ---_~._=_ ~, make-weight in-the scale of British poli­ tics." Appealing to" the hearts and emo­ City---_----.-c-----..------,,-- State, Zip _ tions of the worker, the farmer, and the ' craftsman who, clung to the, notion that o Yes! Mail me First Class the next year of New Libertarian ,Weekly (50 issues), I enclose $15, the king sympathized with the lowly o Worth a try. Send meaSpeciaIHalf-YearlntroductoryS~bscription(25 issues)." enclose $7.50. o I'm'a history buff. Sen~rneme.., fjryt50issU~.s, Of~J..W'.:~t\..e.rtciose .$15, laborer, Paine showed that a monarch, by unnatural rule, had no right, "to set Make all checksor money orders payable to New Libertarian Enterprises. P.O, Box 1748, Long Beach, CA 90801, up his own,'familr 'it1·perpetual pteference January/February J977 9 extent to which the Nixon administration appeared ITHE POLITICAL ECONOMi'] prepared to assist their competitiors through various agencies of the executive branch; perhaps these epi" sodes,cQntributedto the growing disillusionment of leading memQets of the Eastern Establishment, and expecially th~Wall Street financial community, with La~t,~:~Y~~:2c~s!t~S~reS:!!~ the Nixon adminstration in the period .immediately The..• preceding Watergate. ' B.,'. y....•. Chrls VIe1Ies ~~e~abl~ erosion ."" aresult of c. ompe.titi~e ·,~res~ures ,Part III of Welles' book proves a thought-provok­ . oflgmatmgamong nonmember financIal mstitutions. ing,although unfortunately very brief, discussion of Reviewed by Alan Fairgate / Dutton, 1975 / $15 In effect, the SEC decision se-rvedmerely to formalize the emergence of a broad array of fillancialinstitu­ a de facto situation of price competition that-had ~ tions that have lead the competitive challenge against Cbris Welles has written an extremely important -emerged in the market. . the entrenched position of the NYSE. Welles points book tracing the background to the institutional crisis Writers woo contend that the SEC's ruling demon­ ,out that aprocessofinstituitonalization has occurred that presently envelops the New York ~Stock Ex­ strates the ability of regulatory agencies to pursue. in which the management of savings has been en­ change, ,and, he provides. insight' into a significant policies that conflict with, the intersts of the regulated trusted to specialized, professional organization-such power shift thatis o.ccurring within U.S. capital mar­ industry ignore the fact that the SEC ruling at best as mutual funds, life insurance companies,. and cor­ kets. While his, study presents a detailed account of served only to accelerate a process -that had already porate pension and retirement funds. Perhaps the thesedevelop:ments, Welles writes well and clearly. become irreversible. Furthermore, such a superficial most important of these professional organizations Even the layman can read The LastDays ofthe Club analysis overlooks the possibility that the SEC, in are the trust departments of the major commercial without becoming lost in a morass of intricate detail. response to underlying shifts in financial power panks, which, by' the'endof 1973,held nearly $150 Welles also provides an extensive and very useful bib­ within the capital market,.may have shifted its billion in personaltrust funds and estates. liography for those who wish to read further in more , allegiance from'the member firms of the NYSE to Welles .is highly 'perceptive in his, analysis of the $pecialized sources. nonmember financial institutions. This policy shift emergenc~and consolidation of "fmancial-industrial The Last Days of the .Qub Jocuses on the gradual by the SEC may thus be analogous to the shiftthat complexes"as commercial banks launch aggressive disintegration of the New YOfk Stock Exchange, occurred" in the Interstate Commerce .Commission, efforts through bank holding companies to expand which the author describes as "among the most en­ which originally served the interests of the railroads their scope of operations. The commercial banks are during and successful cartels of the m()dern commer­ and subsequently/ acted on behalf of the shippers, now organizing a major lobbying campaign toelimi­ cial world." Beginning in 1792 with the Buttonwood implementing policies detrim:erital to. the railroads. nate such restrictive legislation as the Glass-Steagall Tree Agreement,the NYSEsought to prohibit com­ Another external factor that served to undermine Act, which hampers their expansion programs. Welles petition '. andflx a uniform brokerage commission to the NYSE'sdominant position within the stock mar­ argues that commercial banks will ultimately evolve be. charged,!,y its member. firms to public investors. ket involved the development of sophisticated com­ into diversified. flnancial serVice complexes which, if , .As Welles himself points out, the ultimate failure of puter technology. This new, technology considerably legislative obstacles are removed,.· will increasingly these efforts by the NYSE represents a' "classic eco­ reduced the need Ito trade stocks in a single physical encroach 'upon the traditional preserves of brokerage nomic process. . .. "the forces ofcompetition have location, a need which had traditionally strengthened firms,investrnent banks-, and other financial institu­ severely damaged a monopoly cartel.that. exposed the position of the NYSE. When the NYSE proved tions. itself to attack by resisting challgeand losing control reluctant to .adopt this new technology, a variety of Welles' book also offers some insights into the / ofits market." While the process is not yet complete, private entrepreneurs emerged who were more willing impact of the business cycle on banks that should be it is clear that a fundamental' transformation is to experiment with new trading methods that ,-were of interest to anyone familiar with Austrian business­ presently occurring in the institutional framework of more compatible with computer technology. Non­ cycle theory. A' growing number of Austro-libertar­ . the capital market. member institutional firms were quick to perceive ians have become convinced of the importance ofthe The weakening of the NYSE has occurred on two the potential of this new technology in providing capital markets in understanding the evolution of distinct level~. Welles provides a series of case studies them with less expenSive and more efficient service,' the existing political-economic system ofs~ate capi­ to illustrate the. incompetence and distortion in man­ and they began to' pressure the NYSE to adopt the talism, and Welles' book represents a valuable contri­ agement priorities that emerged among member firms technology and to develop links' with trading net­ bution to our understanding of ch31J.ges presently under the protection of the NYSE's fixed-commission works currently employing the technology. occurring in the institutional framework. of the capi­ rules. Inaddition to the deterioration in ·the'internal The increasing app1ic~t!on of computer technology tai market. management of, the NYSE's member firms; Welles has made possible the emergence of a new central Unfortunately, although Welles professes to be gen­ also examines a variety of external developments that marketplace for the trading of stocks, linked by a erally sympathetic to the desirability ofa competitive contributed to the present crisis. While the popular national network of. electroniccomminication and market process, his recommendations for reform of ,press and even busirtess. magazines have tended to computerized data processing equipment. The central the existing system include a variety of intervention­ focus on the role of the Securities and Exchange issue of the current struggle between the NYSE and ist measures presumably designed to maximize the Commission in ordering the termination of the other financial institutions involves the questiol).: who potential for competitive activity. Hopefully, liber­ NYSE's fixed commission pricing structure, Welles will control this new marketplace? Welles notes that tarians will not permit this weakness to serve as an demonstrates in great detail that the fixed-commis- the member firms of the NYSE were alarmed by the- excuse for not reading this very valuable book.• ...... 11I ~How to survive in= The Making of ISOCIOlOGYI I to~ay's economy I II WORSE inflation ahead, and soon! I Will you perish-or prosper'? _ I • PROTECT yourself by reading the I Inflation - Survival Let.ter-Amer.ica's the Modern Family No. 1 "hard-money" survival publica- I I tion. Its p.ages are packed with simple, • • concise, up-to~the minute information Short~r I and advice that helps you save money, I cBy,Edward . increase your assets, and live better. • ISL gives you a strategy to, sJlrvive in I I today's uncertain economy. When you .' Reviewed by Barbara Luce-Turner {Basic Books, paid for their work; their economic independenceJed know what's going t.o h. appen, you have 19-75/$15 to emotional freedom from parents and church. The I an edge over everyone else. • -v--- result was the first of two sexual revolutions. I THE world's leading investment writers I Family life is an area of interest to historians seek­ During the waning years of the eighteenth century,. and survival experts contribute reg.. ularly • to I8L. Among the subjects we. cover: I' ing to establish connections between' public events these working women started sleeping with partners tax-saving techniques, gold and silver, and private behavior. Edward Shorter'sMakirzg ofthe , of their own choosing. Interestingly, one of Shorter's • Swiss banks, "alternative" investments, I • collectibles, survival retreats, and much I Modem Family spans three centuries and concen­ sources for statistics' on this particular topic is the I more. trates on Western Europe. Although the author oc­ administrative reports of, bureaucrats of that time TRY ISL at a 36% savinGs. An eight- • casiofi~y who tended to be "astonishingly inquisitive about • month trial subscription (16 issues) is • is too general in the application of state­ just $20. Unconditional moneY-back mfmts, his use of sources and statistics is masterful. people's private lives." Imagine that! y I• ::t~~:~~e if you're not coIllpletel • The conClusions he constructs from these materials As the Industrial Revolution progressed, the middle are quite plausible. class became more prosperous. Women were able to TO begin your'subscription, just cliP. • this ad and mail it with your payment I­ One of Shorter's, central themes is that the Indus­ spend more time with their children since their lives I and your name and address. trial Re~olution made possible romantic and maternal .were free of incessant demailds that characterized SUBSCRIBE today":'and begin to. love. This, in turn, created a shift in family attitudes; previous generations' child-rearing years. Conse­ I enjoy once again the peace ofmind that ~ commonplace~ comes with knowing that you and your 00 "spouses and children came to be prized for what quently, maternal love became more I family are protected against whatever ..( they were, rather than for what they represented or The second sexual revolution, which bloomed in, the I may occur. . 687 i could do," writes' Shorter. Open spontaneous. com­ 1950s, has witnessed the fragmentation of the nuclear munication, he believes,seld()h1 existed for most peo­ family. Shorter contends that capitalism moved the ple before the nineteenth century. family toward indiViduality and affection. The regres­ I( ...... $-Y1YaI Letter ) = The IndustrialRevolution also removed young peo­ sion from the free-market economy could conceiv­ I 673; Annapolis Road. P.O. Box 2599 • ple from the repression' of their small· communities, ably be one of the factors in the disintegration of the Landover Hills, MD 20. 784. I· for the first timetwomen had the opportunity to be modern family .• L•••••••••••• 10 Libertarian Review TheKrugerrand maybethe bestway toowngold.

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"By free-thmking," wrote Anthony Collins in 1713, deal sympathetically with what may be termed the summary of the French skeptic's reliance upon "his "I mean the use of the understanding in endeavoring to rationalistic spirit in the development of philosophy, English predecessors. For those who wish to sample find out the meaning of any proposition whatsoever, religion, and science. A superb reference of this kind is the deists fIrst hand, an excellent· selection of deistic in considering the nature of the evidence for or against Harry Elmer Barnes, An Intellectual and Cultural works is found in E. Graham Waring, Deism and it, and in judging of it according to the. seeming force History of the Western World (3 vols., 3rded., rev., Natural Religion: A Sourcebook (Ungar, 1967). or weakness of the evidence." Freethought, argued Dover, 1952). Though first published in 1865, F. A. Important preludes to the deistic movement include Collins, is opposed to any religion that condemns Lange's The History of Materialism (one volume De Veritate (1624) by Lord Herbert ofCherbury, who doubt as sinful, or that demands the acceptance of trans., Humanities Press, 1950) may still be profitably is often referred to as the "Father of English Deism"; doctrines on authority or faith. consulted. A problem with Lange's treatment, preva­ Leviathan (1651), by Thomas Hobbes, who scandalized Freethinkers thus include atheists, agnostics, deists, lent among many commentators on "materialism," the intellectual community with his broadside attacks secularists, rationalists, and others who appeal to rea­ is an intolerably vague conception of what the term on established religious doctrines; and Theological­ son in order to challenge religious orthodoxy. The "materialism" purportedly signifies. Political Treatise (1670), by Spinoza, who subjected literature of freethought is enormous, running into A. D. White's History of the Warfare ofScience with the Bible to the court of reason with consumate thousands of books and countless pamphlets and peri­ Theology in Christendom (2 vols., 1896; Dover, 1960) skill. odicals. It is obviously futile, therefore, to attempt is deservedly a classic in its field. Although it has been anything near a comprehensive bibliography in one convicted of some errors of detail-which is almost essay. I have focused on eighteenth and nineteenth inevitable in any pathbreakmg work-its major theses century freethought, primarily in England, with a final have withstood the test of time. A precursor to White, note on "Jesus revisionism:" The twentieth century, though less satisfactory in its overall treatment, is unfortunately, is left nearly untouched, a victim of John Draper's History of the Conflict Between Reli­ space limitations. gion and Science (Appleton, 1875). Rejoinders to A major problem with freethOllght literature is that it White and Draper-which delight in pointing out that is difficult to find, even in university libraries. Most many great scientists were and are devout Christians­ are remarkably adept at missing the point. A superb study of philosophic thought from the late Middle Ages to the mid-nineteenth century is found in , '.'. . the freethinkers had John H. Randall, Jr., The Career of Philosophy (2 vols., Columbia Univ. Press, 1962). Also outstanding is a knack for making adversity Preserved Smith, A History of Modem Culture (2 vols., Henry Holt, 1930, 1934). Both Randall and work for them , , Smith. give sympathytic accounts of ,the influence of freethought and secularism~ More specifically focused on religious. skepticism of the choice items have 'been out of prinffor many during the same general period are, George T. Buckley, years, so only the dedicated used-book fanatic stands Atheism in the English Renaissance (1932; Russell and Russell, 1965); Don Cameron AlI~n, Doubt's a chance of obtaining the better works. The "Atheist iJoungles~ Viewpoint" reprint series (Arno, 1972) has some Sea (John Hopkins, 1964); and Richard Popkin,The History of Skepticism. from Erasmus to good items, but the overall selection iSPOQf. Hence rnany freethought classics remain buried in obSCUrity. Descartes (rev., Harperahd Row, 1968). Allen's book I am indebted to my friend, Dr. Gordon Stein-an is bulging with information about the many antiatheist inveterate freethought scholar and bibliophile-for treaties during a period when there were few, if any, making me aware of the extent of freethought litera­ real atheists. Popkin's workis a seminal study of the ture,. Aside from the historical works I mention, my revival ofPyrrhonicskepticism in the sixteenth century selections have been somewhat arbitrary; I have simply and its effect on theological and philosophical contro­ versies. selected books with which I am personally familiar or which I personally like. If the reader consults the major freethought references, he will be guided through the thousands of works omitted here. One of the most significant precedents to modern Indispensable for the. history of freethought is the freethought was the British deistic movement of the work of the great rationalist scholar J. M. Robertson. eighteenth century. Some deists sought to "reform" His History ofFreethought, Ancient and Modem, to Christianity, while others were openly antagonistic, the Period ofthe French Revolution (2 vols., 4th ed., but they shared belief in a god of "nature," who, rev., Watts, 1936) remains the definitive work in its after creating the universe, left it to its own devices. time period, as does A History ofFreethought in the Deists were usually hostile to revealed religion, whether Nineteenth Century (2 vols., Watts, 1929). Also in the form of alleged miracles or sacred scripture, and valuable is Robertson's A Short History ofChristian­ they became notorious for their attacks on traditional ity (Watts, 1902). Christian doctrines. For those who desire a briefer overview of free­ A famous but unfairly negative account of British thought, James Thrower's Short History of Western deism is Leslie Stephen, History of English Thought Atheism (pemberton, 1971) is informative in some in the Eighteenth Century (2 vols., 3rd ed., 1902; areas but strangely oblivous to the American and Harcourt, Brace & World, 1962). Stephen was an miracles of the New Testament with uncompromising British freethought movements. Somewhat better in agnostic, but he was hard on such deists as Anthony vigor in a series of six Discourses on the Miracles of this regard is J. B. Bury's History of Freedom of Collins and Thomas Woolston. HIs excesses are coun­ Our Savior (1727-29). Woolston, like Collins, sought Thought (1913; rev. by H. J. Blackman, Oxford, teracted by the more judicious treatment of J. M. refuge in allegorical interpretation, but unlike Collins, 1952). Robertson in The Dynamics ofReligion (1897; 2nd he signed his name to his books. This led to his convic­ There are several good reference works pertaining to ed., rev., Watts, 1926). tQ!1.ona~harge of blasphemy in 1729, for which he was freethought, including two biographical dictionaries. A balanced view of deism is presented in Ernest C. fined and sentenced to one year in prison. J. ~. Wheeler's Biographical Dictionary ofFreethinkers Mossner's Bishop Butler and the Age of Reason In his charges that Jesus was an imposter and magi­ (pioneer Press, 1889) is a mine of useful information, (Macmillan, 1936), and- an exhaustive summary ofthe cian, Woolston instigated a ribald, popular form of as is Joseph McCabe's A Biographical Dictionary of deists and their works is found in John Orr's English freethought that influenced such figures as Voltaire. Modem Rationalists (Watts, 1920). Another useful Deism: Its Roots and Its Fruits (Eerdmans, 1934). A more dispassionate form of deism with a more con­ book by McCabe is A Rationalist Encyclopedia (Watts, S.G. Hefelbower, The Relation of John Locke to structive emphasis appeared in Matthew Tindal's 1950). The two works by McCabe, however, should be English Deism (Umv. of Chicago, 1918) explores Christianity as Old as Creation (1730). Often called read with caution for errors of dates and details. this sticky issue, while Norman Torrey, Voltaire and the Deistic Bible, this work marked the apex ofBritish Many books, although not confined to freethought, the English Deists (1930; Archon, 1967) gives a reliable detro, eliciting over 150 replies. Here were ~ompiled

12 Libertarian Reviel e leW

the most cogent arguments for a "Natural Religion." oj1!ie~thought (Elek, 1967). A. H.. Nethercot"s The mary account of blasphemy prosecutions is contained The slant of this book maybe gleaned from some<>f -First five· Lives ofAnnie Besant (Univ. of Chicago, in H.B. Bonner, Penalties Upon Opinion (Watts, its chapter titles: "That the Perfection,and Happiness 1960) explores the dynamic but unstable life of this 1913). of all rational Beings, Supreme, as well as Subordinate, enigmatic woman during her association with Charles consists in living up to the Dictates oftheir Nature"; Bradlaugh and the freethought movement, prior to her Freethought in eighteenth cen~ry America, as in "That the Religion of Nature is an absolutely perfect conversion to Theosophy under the spell of·Mme. England, took the form of deistic belief in a god of Religion; and that external Revelation can neither add Blavatsky. nature and vigorous attacks on Christian revelation. to, nor take from its Perfection ...." Of the many significant figures in British freethought, An excellent treatment of American deism is Adolf Deism was carried to the "working class" mostly only a few will be mentioned here. George Jacob Holy­ Koch, Republican Religion (1933), reprinted as Reli­ oake (1817-1906) was a disciple of Robert Owen and a gion of the American Enlightenment (Thomas Crowell, major exponent of "co-operation"-a kind ofvoluntary 1968). The first overt American attack on Christianity socialism. (see his History of Co-operation, rev., T. was Ethan Allen's Reason the Only Oracle of Man " The Systemo!Nature is Fisher Unwin, 1908.) Holyoake coined the term "secu­ (1784), a rambling and poorly written collection of larism," which he believed preferable to "atheism," essays compiled by Allen since his youth. In stark con­ the best and most influential and as the founder and editor of about ten magazines trast is Thomas Paine's classic masterpiece, Age of he exerted a great deal ofinfluence. For his suggestion Reason (Pt. I, 1794; Pt. II, 1796). Although it ap­ defense of atheism that the deity be put on "half-pay," he served a six­ peared after the peak of the deistic movement and month prison sentence-the details of which are contains little that is original, Age ofReason is perhaps ever written." recounted in his History of the Last Trial by Jury for the finest deistic piece ever penned, thanks to Paine's Atheism (1851; Arno, 1972). Among Holyoake's better literary genius. works are The Trial of Theism (rev., Trubner &Co., Concerning Paine's religious views, see M. D. Conway, 1877), an excellent' defense of atheism, and English The Life of Thomas Paine (1892; G. P. Putnam's through the writings of Peter Annet. His History and Secularism (Open Court, 1896). Like many free­ Sons, 1909); and Ira M. Thompson, Jr., The Religious Character ofSaint Paul (1750) portrayed Paul as lazy, thinkers of his day, Holyoake actively engaged in Beliefs of Thomas Paine (Vantage, 1965). Recent greedy, arl'.i.~Ushonest, and The Resurrection ofJesus debates with the clergy. One of his better known was biographies of Paine include Audrey Williamson, Considered (1744) appealed to the unreliable and con­ with Rev. Brewin Grant on Christianity and Secularism Thomas Paine (Allen & Unwin, 1973); and David F. tradictory nature of the resurrection accounts as a basis (Ward & Co., 1854), which occupied six evenings. Hawke, Paine (Harper & Row, 1974). for discouting their credibility. "If it not be fit to A rambling autobiography of Holyoake is found in his Early nineteenth century American freethought is examine into Truth," declared Annet in a passionate Sixty Years of an Agitator's Life (2 vols., T. Fisher surveyed in A. Post, Popular Freethought, 1820-1850 appeal common among freethinkers, "Truth is not fit Unwin, 1900), and additional details are provided in (Columbia Univ. Press, 1943). This survey is continued to be known." Apparently the British government Joseph McCabe, Life and Letters of George Jacob in Sidney Warren, American Freethought, 1860-1914 disagreed. For attempting to "diffuse and propagate Holyoake (2 vols., Watts, 1908). (Columbia Univ. Press, 1943). A sprawling and rare irreligious and diabolical opinions in the minds of His work that contains much first-hand information about Majesty's subjects, and to shake the foundations of nineteenth century American freethinkers. is S. P. the Christian religion," Annet, at the advanced age of Charles Bradlaugh (1833-1891) was the most impor­ Putnam, 400 Years of Freethought (Truth Seeker, seventy, was pilloried (with a paper on his forehead tant atheist ever produced by Britain. A superb vrator, 1894). Another informative account of American free­ inscribed "blasphemy") and sentenced to a year of writer, and organizer, Bradlaugh replaced Holyoake as thought, centering around the history of The Truth hard labor in prison. the militant force in British freethought. He edited the Seeker (a freethought paper started by D. M. Bennett (An interesting Sidelight to Annet is his book, Social National Reformer, a 'freeth6ught weekly, and in 1866 in 1873), is George MacDonald's Fifty Years ofFree­ Bliss Considered: In Marriage and Divorce; Cohabitat­ he founded the National Secular Society. In 1876 he thought (2 vols., Truth Seeker, 1929, 1931). ing Unmarried, and Public Whoring, published under and Annie Besant were prosecuted for publishing the pseudonym of "Gideon Archer" in 1749. In his C. Knowlton's Fruits of Philosophy (a pamphlet on call for the legalization of divorce, unmarried cohabita­ birth control), but Bradlaugh, an excellent lawyer, tion, and prostitution, Annet seems an eighteenth succeeded in quashing the indictment. (For an account century verison ofWalter Block.) of the trial, see The Queen v. Charles Bradlaugh and " ... The Age ofReason Among other important deistic works of the same Annie Besant, Freethought Publishing Co., n.d.) Al­ period, we should mention the following: The True though elected to Parliament in 1880, Bradlaugh's is perhaps the finest deistic Gospel of Jesus Christ Asserted (I739) by Thomas atheism prevented him from being seated until 1886. Chubb; the posthumous Philosophical Works of Lord Some of Bradlaugh's better essays-including his piece ever penned .. .. ·" Bolingbroke (I754); Free Inquiry into the Miraculous magnificent "Plea for Atheism"-are contained in Powers, which are Supposed to have Subsisted in the Humanity's Gain From Unbelief (Watts, 1929), and Christian Church (1749) by Conyers Middleton; and articles by and about Bradlaugh are found in J.P. The Religion ·o[Nature Delineated (1722) by William Gilmour, -ed., Champion of Liberty: Charles Brad­ The giant of American freethought was Robert G. Woll'aston (which, incidentally, contains a little-known laugh (Watts, 1933; Arno, 1972). An outstanding Ingersoll (1833-1899). One of America's greatest but superb defense of property rights from a libertarian biography of Bradlaugh is David Tribe's President orator's, he was immensely successful in popularizing perspective). Charles Bradlaugh, M P. (Archon, 1971), which con­ the ideas of free thought. Many different editions of Finally, there was David Hume, the philosophic gen­ tainsan extensive list of his writings. Still useful is the his speeches were published (some of the!U pirated), ius who, although he did not enter the fray of religious older biography by Bradlaugh's daughter, H.B. Bonner, but the authorized editions are contained in the "Dres­ controversy to the extent of other deists, contributed Charles Bradlaugh: A Record of His Life and Work den Edition" of The Works ofRobert G. Ingersoll (12 the most sophisticated and influential arguments (with J. M. Robertson, 2 vols., T. Fisher Unwin, 1898). vols., C.P. Farrell, 1900). A meticulous bibliography of against Christianity and revealed religion-the most One of the great contributions ofnineteenth century works by and about Ingersoll is found in Gordon Stein, famous being his celebrated attack on miracles in An freethinkers was their dogged persistence in fighting Robert G. Ingersoll: A Checklist (Kent State Univ.' Inquiry Conceming Human Understanding (1748). His for freedom of speech and press. Many well-known Press, 1969). The best biography ofIngersoll to date is other works pertaining to religion were The Natural freethinkers-such as Holy0 ake, Robert Taylor, and Orvin Larson's American Infidel: Robert G. Ingersoll History of Religion (1757) and Dialogues Concerning G. W. Foote in Britain, and D. N. Bennett in the (Citadel Press, 1962). Natural Religion (apparently written around 1757 but United States-were routinely trotted off to jail, not published until 1779, after his death). For a good sometime for long sentences, not to mention heavy Although this essay deals primarily with freethought exposition of Hume, see Antony Flew's Hume's fines. The highest price paid was by the publisher in England-and AmerIca, it would border on criminal Philosophy ofBelief (Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1961). Richard Carlile, who, between 1817 and 1835, served negligence not to mention the tremend~u~_ impor~ Freethought reached its highpoint in -nineteenth cen­ over nine years in prison for publishing, among other tant contributions of eighteenth century French free­ tury Britain, where it became militantly anti-Christian items, Paine's Age of Reason. In addition, Carlile's thinkers, commonly referred to as philosophes. and often atheistic. This period is discussed in detail in wife, sister, and over twenty of his workers served - J. S. s-piIik's- Freiich Free-Thought from Gassendi to J. M. Robertson, A History of Freethought in the time, sometimes for two years or more. But the free­ Voltaire{Univ. of London, 1960) is a reliable, schol­ Nineteenth Century (supra); a readable survey of the thinkers had a knack for making adversity work for arly treatment. The formative period of the Enlighten­ intellectual climate, with a different emphasis than them, and Carlile was no exception. As a result of the ment, 1680-1715, is treated by Paul Hazard in The Robertson, is A. W. Benn's The History of English publicity surrounding one of his trials, sales of the European Mind (1935; World, 1963). A sympathetic Rationalism in the Nineteenth Century (2 vols., 1906; Age of Reason skyrocketed to over 2000 within two account of the philosophes is contained in Peter Gay, Russell & Russell, 1962). Edward Royle's superb Vic­ months. Moreover, Carlile read the entire text of the The Enlightenment: An Interpretation (Vol. I, Knopf, torian Infidels (Univ. of Manchester, 1974) concen­ Age of Reason during his defense, which was then 1967). Also recommended is George R. Havens, The trates on the secularist movement initiated by G. J. allowed to circulate as part of the verbatim trial tran­ Age ofIdeas (1955; Collier, 1962). An excellent selec- Holyoake. Several other works fill out the century: script. In this inexpensive form it s~ld over 10,000 tion of Enlightenment writing is found in Peter Gay, W. S. Smith's The London Heretics, 1870-1914 (Dodd, copies. For details on Carlile, see Guy A. Aldred,­ Mead, 1968) is excellent, as is David Tribe's 100 Years Richard Carlile, Agitator (pioneer Pres~, 1923). A sum- (Continued on page 15)

JanuaryjFebntary 1977 13 Democrats~ and at least threeof the GOPers'who won seats from the followers of Mr. Peanut are generally considered to hold moderate-to-liberal views (Lugar~ Ind.; Danforth, Mo.; Chafee, R.I.). Another Republi­ can upset winner, Malcolm Wallop of Wyoming, may WashingtonW@)Jt~lh yet surprise his party's right wing on some issues. . ByE.Scott Royce eGun Control-Gun control opponents are bracing themselves for a 1977 revival of legislation similar to HR11193. That bill was designed to ban manufacture and sale of so-called concealable handguns, a euphem­ .The Next Two Years--As a result of the 1976 elec­ the bureaucracy or budget should be more than off­ ism for most handguns, and to severely restrict the tions, we can realistically. expect bigger federal set by expansion elsewhere. number of gun dealers' by regulating the smaller ones deficits, more rampa.nt inflation, and, on balance, an Despite bad feelings. create~ by .inept liaison.work out of business. Under HR11193 the Treasury De­ expansion of the federalgovemment for at least the on the part of the incoming adminstration, Carter partmentwouldhave been empow.eredto (1) setany first two years .. of Pres'dent.Jimmy's four-year term. should receive strong cooperation from .Congress regulations it saw fit regarding •storage of handguns To be sure, the same could have been said had Ford on most issues. The Democrats, after all, maintained at a dealership for the purpose- of theft prevention, won. Bur> the outgoing president, while hardly a fiscal their •. commanding m~rgins in both the House and (2) tighten UP the already onerous record-keeping conservative, did veto some congressional attempts to Senate, and the size of the conservative Democrat requirements for dealers, (3) raise license fees for hike federal spending. Had. he triumphed in Novem­ congressional bloc has·steadily decreased in recent dealers, manufacturers,. and importers by as Illuch ber,things might have proceeded at a slower pace. years. as 5000 percent, (4) shut down ·any dealer that failed Carter, both by inclination and due to pressure from The Senate, at least; should be slightly more "liber­ to meet federal standards. party and liberal interest groups, will be Jar less likely al" during 1977-78. Moderate-to-eonservative Repub­ While President-elect Carter and many of hispromi­ to attempt to hold the line. Any token cutbacks in licans in seven states lost their seats to more liberal nent .backers are avid gun control proponents, such legislation would almost certainly run into trouble in the House if not the Senate~ The National Rifle Assocation,the lobby that serves as America's pri­ mary bulwark .against infringement of.theright to keep and bear arms guaranteed under the Second Amdendment, supported over 200 successful House candidates in. the 1976 election. NRA, by the way, is Economic disaster and famine ahead? currently. challenging in the courts the illegally passed District of Columbia gun law.

eTax Reform-The sections of the Tax Reform Act of 1976 dealing with privacy questions were a mixed bag, the ACLU reports. Section 1205 of the act requireo that when the IRS subpoenas bank records, under most circumstances it must give notice to the individual to whom the records pertain. Section 202 guarantees the confidentiality of tax records. The list According to many experts, we're fast approaching a world out of Food or Famine? Common-Sense Personal Survival Techniques of exceptions-of individuals to whom such material control. is only $10.95 postpaid. And it com~s with this unconditional Food shortages. Depression. Violence. Collapse of the cities. No, guarantee. If you're not completelysatistied after hearing the tape, may be disclosed-however, includes state tax offi­ this isn't the scenario for a Hollywood disaster movie. It may soon simply return it within three weeks for a full refund. cials, congressional committees involved with tax be all too real. So you have nothing to lose by ordering-but you may have every­ legislation, the~· Justice Department, and the presi­ But a few simple preparations-if made early enough-can thing ~o lose if you don't. Clip and mail the coupon today-before dent (upon written request). The worst "privacy" it's too late. guarantee your survival. In fact, there are five basic protection feature of the measure is Section 1211, which allows steps every intelligent person should be taking flOW. r---~------the states to utilize Social Security numbers for iden­ These steps are outlined in a cassette recording entitled Food or Send me Howard Ruffs Food or Famine? Common-Sense Personal Sur- Famine? Common-Sense Personal Survival Techniques. On this vival Techniques, tape #399. I understand that if I'm not completely I tification purposes in a variety of areas, including tape, survival expert Howard Ruff tells you how to prepare-while satisfied. I may return the recording within three weeks and receive a full I taxes, general public assistance, drivers licenses, and there's still time. refund. AF046 I motor vehicle registration. Briefly, what Mr. Rutl suggests is: 1. Become independent from the national economic system. 2. Be financially liquid. 3. Get out of Name I ·,or debt. 4. Strengthen family ties across aOgenerations. 5. Don't sacri­ I .Export Controls-In the closing days of the 94th fice moral principles in the face of crisis. Address Congress, controversial amendments prevented exten­ In his talk, Mr. Rutl elaborates on each of these steps and ex­ ! en sion of the Export Administration Act. Among the plains exactly how to carry them out. After hearing this recording, ~ you'll know how to ensure the safety of yourself and your family City State Zip problematical amendments were restrictions on Ent'ioscd is my ,'heck or money order t(>r 510.95. Charge my credit card. VII against any future calamity. BankAmericard Master Charge American Express American business cooperation with the Arab boy­ A leading authority on food storage, nutrition and survival, Card Numher Date Exp. _ cott, exports of nuclear technology and equipment, Howard Ruff is the publisher of RI~tr Times. a personal survival I newsletter. A former stockbroker and investment advisor, he is the Signature and presidential authority to limit agricultural ex­ I ports. The old law allowed federal regulation of trade author of Famine and Survival in America. ~u""~.~a~. ~® 901 N. Washington St.. S~i:c 200.• ...... ".•• Alexandria. Va. 22314 / on grounds such as national security, foreign policy, ...... _------_...... ---_ _---_._------_ .... and domestic shortage. President Ford, unwilling to allow the country to escape this measure 'of inter­ ference with free trade, promptly signed an execu­ tive order that continued the old controls indef-· initely.

Announcing a new, comprehensive course in e Investment Advisors Act-One piece oflegislation that quite deservedly bit the dust during the final days of the 1976 session was the Investment Advis­ NathenielBrenden's ors Act Amendments bill (HR 13737, S 2849), This bill, which may be reintroduced in 1977, would have authorized the Securities and Exchange Commission PSYCHOLOGY OF SELF ESTEEM to license publishers of investment advisory· newslet­ ters as well as individuals providing certain other Seven years ago, • Emotional blocking. I~------,~OTHER CASSETIE RECORDINGS By Nathaniel Branden Nathaniel Bran­ • Disowning the self. c::: LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: THERE'S A WORLD OUT I advisory services. The bill was killed in committee, den· published his • Self-alienation and social alienation. I THER_E (A Challenge to the Human Potential Movement) due in large part to anumber of publishers who revolutionary Psy­ • Reason and emotion: A new interpreta­ I U ~i~i~I~~iNMJEl:tnCOVERYTape541(43 Min.)59.9SI organized.the Committe to Protect the Small Investor chology of Self- tion. I c::: ~:6~R:~~*~~~~~30A~~.)W

I Libertarian Review 14 .. Smith-(Conttr,uedfrom pageI3) . far'Jnor~~emusInth~poe~swrittenin~onorofBac- ,(Watts, 1903; rev., 191 I). These· were followed':by chus,Oslng, Hercules, Adoms,.~.an4.TfteIJze{~sz~,/feZ'll., ~~foU()\VipgaIenotewort1ly:The Christ Myth (Qpen several su.bsequent occasions~_An abridged translation of a Dzsco~e,! ?fthe Ongtn,/Evidences.~;and Ear..1y ;H1StOry Court, 1911)_ and The Witness to the Historicity of tH.is voluminous work is in ~e Library ofLiberal Arts of CIlnsttanzty (1829; J. P.Mendum, 1853). Taylor Jesus (Watts .. 1912· AmQ 1972) both by Arthur series (Richard Popkin, ed~, Bobbs-Merrill, 1965). was a learned and original-if sometimes unreliable- Drews; Ecce' Deus (watts' 1912) 'byW. B. Smith· Although Bayle professed Calvinism, his sincerity has s~holar. This. ~ast isunders.tandable considering the 1heOrigins of Christianir;, (4th ed., W~tts, 1933) b; been questioned due to his many scandalous· remarks difficult conditlons under ~hlchhe worked...... Thomas Whittaker; The Creation of Christ (2· vols~, about Christianity and the ~ible. It is widelybelieved Better known !han Taylor was German theolOgian Watts, 1939) by P. L. Couchoud; ~d Ancient History that Bayle, like other unorthodox thinkers ofhis time, Bruno Ba~er, who,~n a ~e.riesofbooks appearing after of the God Jesus (Watts, 1938) by Edouard Dujardin. professed to be more religious than he really was in an 1840, dented. ~e hlstonclty .of Jesus. Bauer regarded An excellent. overvjew of themythicist controversy, effort to avoid potentially severe legal penalties. This Jesus as a fictitious character Invented by the author of written by a rationalist scholar who believed in the is the· general view, for instance, ofHoward Robinson's Mark .·as an expression . of faith.. (For an account of historical reality ofJesus, is A. Robertson, Jesus: Myth Bayle the Sceptic (Columbia Univ. Press, 1931). More Bauer and other radi~al theologicans dUring the same or History, (2nd ed., Watts, 1949). More recently, recently, however, ... scholars have granted more credi­ period, see Albert Schweitzer, The Quest of the His- an/excellent defense of the mythjcist thesis is found in bility. to Bayle's fideism (attacking reason to make toncal Jesus, 1906; Macmillan, 1968.) . Herbert Cutner's Jesus: God,' Man, or Myth? (Truth room for faith), as is demonstrated in Karl C. Sand­ Another interesting presentation of the mythicist Seeker, 1950). And the mythicist gauntfet has been berg,At the Crossroadso{Faith and Reason: An Essay case is. Revela.tions of Antichrist,- published anony-. skillfuny wielded in the past few y~ars by G. 'A. Wens on J!ie"e Bayle (Univ. ofArizona,· 1966). mouslybut wntten by W. H. Burr (1879; Arno, 1972). in two books still in print: The Jesus of the Early The best·known figure of the French Enlightenment The most scholarly and formIdable presentation of Christians (pemberton, 1971) and Did Jesus Exist? was Francois-Marie Arouet, better known as Voltaire. the mythicist thesis was penned by John M. Robertson. {Elek, 1975). Both of these detailed works are highly His writing is extensive and is available in many easily His major works on· this subject were Christianity and recommended. 8 located ~ditions. A representative selection ofhis work is contained in Peter Gay's edited translation of the Philosophical Dictionary (Basic Books, 1962). Of the numerous .biographies of Voltaire, one of the best is Theodore Bestennan, Voltaire (Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1969). . As a deist, Voltaire was at loggerheads with the more radical athestis of his time, such as Diderot apd d'Holbach. Diderot, known primarily as the editor of tr~:;:~n:~~:~n~~~:;~~~;: st~t~sm~ Feel a I ittle gravi ty, death?? the. monumental Encyclopedia (which he worked on .' '/ from 1751-65), paid his dues with three y.MT-5 of im1i,;;"l: ~~ve ~ ~ prisonment. Arthur M. Wilson's Diderot (Oxford, We've combined d1fferent newsletters and magazines covering ~ 1972) is a brilliant biography of this amazing and hard-core and hard-science research and activities and weir! se J 1ing them for ~ 2/3 of what it wou 1d cos t to buy them ~ versatile mind. Some of Diderot's opinions on reli­ ri~ ~ gion-e.g., "The Christian religion teaches us to imitate IG separately. SPECIAL OFFER a God that is cruel, insidious, jealous, and implacable ( in his· wrath"-are contained in "Thoughts on Reli­ NO REVOLUTION IS COMPLETE WITHOUT GRAFFITI -George Washington .c.:::J~ gion," an essay reprinted by Richard Carlile in 1819. _ OK, lIIaybeGeorge didn't say that - but does It matter? Work off your frustrations, _ spread a little disrespect and create discontent. Bold colors. Actual size H"x It". ~nantl1?logy (V 1 For . ofl)iderot's philosophical. \Vriting, 5Q(of one kind)/$2.50, IOO(of orie kind)/$4., 200(of one kind)/S7 •• 10 of each/S8.00. a. >-> see J. Kemp, ed., Diderot: Interpreter ofNature (Inter­ ... 4- lU ...... - (l) JOIN THE IRS· national Pub., 1963). -.oU­ ANARCHY 1...Vl-(l) ARE YOU A THIEF OUT OF WORK? DON'T VOTE 1... 1... 1... 1... 1... 1... IETWlIiN JOBS? CONSIDER THE :>-:>-:>-:>-:>->: Baron d'Holbach, an import from Gennany and a :::J 0.>­ ~IT ONLY ENCOURAGES THEM- IS t!QI A SYNONYM FOR CHAOS. o •• Vl (l) IiNEflTS Of JOINING THE 'RS, IT MERELY DESCRIBES A SOCIETY ...... patron of the philosophes,· is justly famous for his (l)>-~ .c. .,.SlIADY PAY· WE POOL AHD DIVIDf THE IOOTY WITHOUT A GOVERNMENT Lf\ 0 O..::l" 0"\00 ~4-~~~ .,.LOW RIll( • THilAW IS ON YOUR SIDE HCIN. ON THE OTHER HAND. --('.I Lf\ System ofNature, published in 1770 under the name ,-.- lorJlllSfCUIUTY ·ASSUREAS DEATH & TAXES THE WORD GOVERNMENT -VI- Vl- E 0 1... lU C .. of "Mirabaud" (A French writer who died in 1760)­ ~(l) (l) (l) t­ 1...1....o-.c.U (J') a device to conceal and protect the true author. 0(l):::Ja..3lU NOONE'S o \jVl a. CONGRATULATIONS TAXATION IS THEFT ...... U D'Holbach was probably assisted by Diderot and other (l)C o.Vl LIFE. LIBERTY. C C·- ... :::J AMERICA. GOVERNMENTS DERIVE THEIR RIGHTS o Paris intellectuals, and the result was a magnificent, if o lUO (l)..c ISN'T IT A CRAZY u>3« 3 III LlnLE SCARY? LIBERTARIANS Vl (l) (l)-I THEY ACTUAllY THINK THAT YOUR: liFE 1$ banished· [from] the language of all those who are REPEAL ALL LAWS RESTRICTING .o+-lZU o (I), THAT YOUR K'DS ARE lEARNING ALL MORE IMPORTANT TO YOU THAN IT 15 TO INDIVIDUAL LIBERTY :::J lU \II '- AIOUT GOVERNMENT IN SCHOOLS OWNED OUR FINE RULERS IN WASHINGTON-AND desirous to speak so as to be understood" (H. D. III .c. LJ\ 4- - "!/to OPERATED BV THE GOVERNMENT: THAT YOU SHOULD CONTROL IT INSTEAD 3 1 0 .. (I) 01' THEM! Robinson, trans., J. P. Mendum, 1889). This is typical >- -I +-I 3 lIMeN JUJU .101 SIMON Jun_ ij 4- 1Il:::J of the vigorous, uncompromising tone of The System 1'004-(1)01 (I) O:::J of Nature, the best and most influential defense of 1...CW VlVlij -0 III c- ..... (I) (peter Eckler, 1889; reprinted many times by various :::J+-'X +-1-, O.o(l)EO- . freethought publishers), which is mistakenly attributed >- :::J --- 0'- C III 1... lo- 0 IMOOTING AT TAX COlLECTORS IS AN to Jean Meslier, a priest who declared himself a heretic 4- :::J4-UE ..JIll' >- 0 III .­ AMERICAN posthumously in his Testament. (This mistaken author­ lU >-E.oVl LIBERTARIANISM E (I)::J HERITAGE ship remains uncorrected even in the 1972 Arno Press. -- .... .c. III ij ,AllIT ON TO YOUR GRANDCHilDREN D:::::JIIl+-l lU IIIiImRtmD IJIIBITY UJOO +-1(1) edition.) LL.>-U (I) co::: __STl. II JIIOUGHT • ACROI LL. +-1(1) o III ij (I) 1... .- .. '- ~ ..... 1.- -. >-(I):::JQ.l::J>­ }U8UC"'PROPERTY 0:::+-1 0-0 U Q.l ..... THIS PROP£RTYWAS EITHER (0_ o +-' 3 :I: fI6iIo FROM IT'S RIGHTFUL OWNERS OR WAS I shall conclude this survey/of freethought works with IOUGHT WITH STOlEN MONEY-TAXES. PLEAS( b~ c 1 sr. ASkiN(, FOR THINGS AND· MAYBE THE =; _ENTWlll STOP STEALING, IF THERE'S III 0·- 0 an importaJlt but neglected body of literature that :::> lEAUY " HaO, 5OM£ONf WIU MAKE MONEY Q 3 .- 3 :>- 4- fillING IT.-ATUSS TOTAL COST THAN HAVING denies any basis for belief in a historical Jesus, even the ~~ri-Q.lC4­ ltIIGlMIlMllHT DO IT. t- .- 3 (I) 0 watered-down Jesus of Protestant liberalism. The first Z(1i1... ..c -Ill U"'O 3 mention of this "Jesus revisonism"is by Voltaire, who Q.l III C ...J.c. .0 lU reported, that he was visited in 1769 by "some disciples « +-' ::J of Bolingbroke, more ingenious than learned," who -U4- III argued ,that Jesus. never existed. Voltaire was uncon­ a..UJO vinced, but the mythicist theory was given shape by en two Frenchmen: Count Volney in Ruins of Empires (l791) and Charles Francois Dupuis in Origins olall Religions(5 vols., 1795). Dupuis contended· that Christianity is a variation.of the ancient Solar Myth and that Jesus is merely another guise of ancient mythical deities. "The hero of the legends known by the name of gospels," he

Jfl1IutlTY/FebTUIUY 1977 15 l:>ut rather to underscore that we are standards. Four are jazz tunes (three of discussing a jazzman of the first magni­ .them by Shaw), and 13 are superior tude. pops of the day. The breakdown demon­ The .hand bore the stamp of the boss. strates Shaw's aim: to enriehpopular They were superbly drilled. The arrange~ music with jazz, and conversely. IN REVIEW ments always swung; and, what was much During his year in the sun, Shaw was an rarer, they always sang as they swung. over the airwaves. He had a weekly show Shaw did much of the scoring himself; sponsored by Old Golds, and often and, like Glenn Miller, always guided turned up on late-night remotes froIll and checked Jerry Gray and the several New York~s Hotel Lincoln and Hotel Jazz: The Golden Age 'bandsmen who contributed scores. Pennsylvania, and from the Palomar By Neil McCaffrey The section work set a standard perhaps Ballroom in Los Angeles. The New York never surpassed by a swing band-at dates yielded a double album of ~r­ PART VI: :EXIT ARTIE SHAW, AND 'I;HE GOLDEN AGE least· until the first Woody Herman Herd checks, Artie Shaw in the Blue Room/in of 1945. Thesaxeswere justly famous. the Cafe Rouge. Released by RCA in Artie' Shaw and his various prchestras thIrties as the golden age of American Only four;,' they were led by altoistLes 1961, it is long out of iprint: a minor havemostiyfal1~n between two stools. music· to f(~call that Shaw's best band Robinson to an awesomely rich sound. tragedy, because it captures a great band The critics'always treated the.leader and was also his most popular. The brass were biting yetlegato, never at its. greatest, and may be the best air­ his bands with reserve. The public cer­ It, was just another underrated swing harsh, The first rhythm section (Les check album ever issued. If youfmd a tainly liked theql all;'but, except for one l:)and when the boys trouped into a New Burness on piano, Sid Weiss on. bass, AI copy in a rare record shop, hang the glorious year between' fall 1938 and York studio to record "Begin the Be­ Avola on Guitar, CliffLeeman on drums) expense. fall 1939, denied Artie the first place in guine" as the B side. So much for his was good;'and when Bob Kitsis replaced Less satisfying are volumes 1 and· 2 their fickle hearts. 'commercial instincts. Burness and Buddy Rich replaced (Jazz Guild 1001 and 1003) of Artie We .needn't lingt)f over th.e vagrant tastes Benny Goodman was then riding high. Leeman, it became one ofthe most gal­ 'Shaw-"Melody and Madness" (the name of either group, except to recall that He had no serious rival. When Shaw be­ vanizing in jazz history. oLhis first show forOld Golds). Though Shaw was in part responsible himself. He came the new King of Swing-certified not without good moments, they are the never. pandered to anyone. A prickly, and crowned in the impo'rtant Make Be­ sort of albums a fastidious leader would volatile" introsp~ctive )man, he . went lieve Ballroom band poll in fall 1938-it When musicians joined this band, they never fllow to be issued. Bootlegs, they !Jis/own way. Nor was that way ever fixed was as if John Nance Garner had over­ were unknown. When the band broke up, are transferred from primitive home for long. At 24, he abruptly left the thrown FOR. many were stars-or would go on to be­ equipment that recorded faster than the lucrative New York radio studios for a I[/-8haw'sreign was_ brieJ' (Goodman come stars. Shaw was. as good a teacher band was playing. As a result, the'tempos Pennsylvania farm. There he tried to edged him out in the June, 1939, Make as ever fronted a band. He brought to are rushed and the vocals distorted. eWrite a novel, tore it up after a year Believe aallroom poll),. it was no fluke. maturity Rich and Leeman; trumpeters Helen Forrest sounds like a little girl, (hope deferred: three decades later he That edition of the .Shaw band repre­ Johnny Best and Bernie Privin; tenor and Tony Pastor, nonnally husky-voiced, published three respectable novellas un- , sented perhaps the supreme fusion of saxists George Auld and Tony Pastor. He sounds castrated. Even more surprising der the title of I Love You, I Hate You, jazz and popular music. For evidence, gave trombonist George Arus the only for this band, now and again they suffer Drop Dead!), and returned to music. consult The Complete Artie Shaw: showcase that underrated musician .ever lapses of intonation. . . But the restlessness never left him. He Volume I, 1938-1939 (Bluebird, AXM2­ enjoyed. He brought Les Robinson along Still, .every performance by 'a oand of had almost as many wives as bands. An 5517), a double album that Bluebird until he became an exemplar among this stature is worth cherishing. We had overview of the latter finds him leading a plans to be the first of a series that will lead altoists. And he 1 launched. a girl them for so little time. The breakup was ullique jazz string ensemble {rom mid­ take us through 1945. singer of distinction, Helen Forrest. so abrupt that it made the front pages. 1935 to early 1937; a conventional swing It was not just a matter of standing up They were. playing at the Cafe Rouge on band, 1937.. 3,9; two orchestras heavy It was a youngband Most of the boys front and blowing. Shaw, never a victim November 1.8, 1939. Shaw finished a laden with strings, 1940-42; an all-star were just this side of (pre-Nixon) voting of false modesty, once pointed out that set-and drove off to Mexico. George Navy swing. band, 1943; a.civilian swing age. (Jazz, an exuberant art, is best one ofhis principal functions was know­ Auld tried to keep the band together, but band, 1944-45; another big swing and played by young men. When I hear old­ ing how, and how much, to control an .it was likeLaurel without Hardy. string orchestra, 1946; a string orchestra timers, I'm usually reminded of Dr. effervescent crew. Nobody had to spur of ,some 40·'pieces' thatplare~llassical Johnson.'s comment on women preach,:- ' me,n'like Auld;md.Rich•.The problem 91..~4 ,'I '{•• music (to distastrous reviews), 1949; a ing.) Shaw, no greybeard at 29, supplied was to channel all that energy and talent Though we never~rJaliieaifatthetime, bop-styled big band,. 1949-50; a conven­ the training, the experience, the. polish; and showmanship. Shaw did-as no one it was the end of an era. Looking hack, tional big band around 1951 or 1952; a above all the vision. else has ever managed to. He was a we can see now that the thirties were the modern.combo, 1953-54. The vision grew outofShaw's approach leader. golden age of American music: the golden Anq then he put down his clarinet, , to the clarinet: lyrical, warm, sensuous, The Shaw vision extended to the band's age of jazz ... the golden age of the big never to play again. legato. It is generally conceded that book. No leader,. jaz~ or dance band, bands ... the golden age of the popular We can moan the loss-or reflect that he Shaw's .tone· was warmer and richer than has ever mined the riches of Broadway song. What followed was often good probably gave us, at each period, as much Goodman's-at any rate, than post-1936 show music as imaginatively. "Begin the music-but for the most part not nearly as his restless genius could sustain. Goodman. Some aficionados even hold Beguine" was only one of dozens-and far as. good. Just about the time Artie was Through two productive decades and that Shaw's improvising dug deeper, from the most interesting. Of the 34 heading south of the border, America some'dozen bands, he always said some­ harmonically, than Benny's. Perhaps; I tunes in this marvelous album, eleven are was crowning a new dance ban,dmonarch. thing.And it speaks volumes about· the mention this not to be forced to choose classic show tunes, another1------'-----.six pop You remember Glenn Miller.• !FICTIONIIEDITH EFRON I 'Theeamp. of the S'aints i NE~~~~I~i:RS i By Jean Raspail I A hard-hitting attack .on network. TV news I ' bias-by TV Guide's popular "News Watch" I I columnist. Reviewed by Lynne Holdom I Scribner's, 1975 I altd losing. everything they have. How much do In ·this incisive audio-cassette presentation, Edith I Efron reveals evidence of TV's liberal bias and its they owe these b'eggars'! I I $8.95 systematic exclusion ". of opposing views. She I (.. .-;-Y--- ;rhere's a lot of naturalistic writing '{({show exactly concludes her talk with a surprising~and radicaJ- If you-qq,n't.. re~d'anyother book this year, read the degradation and squalgr in.~hich.the beggars live. .I solution to the problem. TheCa~pof the Saints. Itis·probably one of the Even French poverty is:!\vealth to them. It's also 1 ·Journalistand media watchdog Edith Efron is 1 most/ important books./ofthe decade, as it. asks hinted that other poor' nations and peoples are author of the-controversial book The News Twist- questions ofthebaskiV'alues we live by. waitin~ to see theFrench reaction to the "invasion" I -ers.'She is acontrihuting editor to TV Guide and 1 The .book is not being'marketed as science fiction, bef~)fe setting off themselves. . has'written for Time-Life, Look and the New York Naturally the French have every reaction from Times. ,Dutit could be considered SO,3S ittakes place about I This 8S-minute "easy-listening" cassette includes 1 "bleeding heart"liberal to "shoot them all"conserva- 20 years or sointhifuture. It is. a future in which I a lively question-and-answersession. To order, I the entire Third World i~a vast slum. Just before total tive. __ simply clip this ad and mail it with your name and collapset,tmi,Uion or SO beggars in Calcutta seize Ifsomeone breaksin robs me or you, that's a crime. 1 aqdress, and a check or money order for $10.95. I whatever ships are iIi the harbor and head for Europe Is it anylessacrime to rob a country O[ a civiliza­ Money back ifYQu're not satisfied. Order today, and tb.e~good life. They .anchor just o(f the French tion? Just how far can a civilization go to protect I <;assette catalog, $.25 (free with order). I /jt~~lf?Tltis may become more than just a speculation Riveria. (To be honest, this is probably because the. AF045., ' ~ author is French-all American would probably hav~~" .·in,thene~tfewyears. That's whylthink thisbook is 1 •.•I !U.~~) ~ them offNew Yor}{ or Miami Beach:) .. '. . . important. So, '.' d()es '. the .. Times, '. but it accuses the '.~' d au~hor'of racisrl}·'ill~.he seems to be suggesting that I ....,.. .. I Now the point lsthat the French-aren't ()lt1g'so' ~ ~neis~ell Fraricewouldbe betteroffl

Block, Walter MONEY, INFl;ATION'~NJ),THE'OOSINESSC¥CUE Walter Block discusses the, significance of nW!ley. its advantages over. barter, ·and, ,the necessary qualities of a monetary medium. He then turns hi's attention to the natur~, cause and consequences.of intlation,andans\vers arguments against the gold standard. Finally, he talks about the business cyc1e,contrastingtheKeynesian "tine­ tuning" approach with. the Austrian School's theory of time preference. ." . Tape #430 (40m,in.) S9.95·

·IR readers Branden, Nathaniel, Ph.D. NEW LECTURES· ON' THE PSYCHOLOGY OF SELF· ESTEEM , Dr. Branden, a therapist practicing in Los Angeles, is the author of The Psychology of Se(fEsteem, Breaking hascreat~d Rothbard,Murray . Free, and The Disowned Sel}: Now, he: a series oflectures which substantially update and expand HOW GOVERNMENT DESTROYS OUR MONEY upon the material in those pathbreaking works. The cori­ Dr. Rothbard l'Ontends that government policies are to tent of this course goes well beyond the material pre­ blame for inflation. He explains how this occurs through sented in Dr. Branden's three books. and represents an the excessiv\? printing of paper money and the operation. Baxter, Rene integration of his most recent researches, studies, and of the banking system. Dr. Rothbard outlines the three findings. TAX AVOIDANCE, POLITICAL FREEDOM, AND sta~es ~ives of inflation. and a short summar" of the Here are some of the highlights of this comprehensive THE INVESTOR abl~ses of monev by va~ious governments .th~oughout presentation of Biocentric Psychology:" The need, the (1976 Bicentennial.lnvestment Seminar) history. This rdc"drding includes a question-and-answer Rene Baxter's topic is the investor's political freedom, session. motivating power: and the requirements ot' self-esteem­ Self-esteem's relation to sex, productive work and humar and how that freedom is violated by taxation. In keeping Tape #429 159 min.) 59.95 with the seminar's Bicentennial theme. Baxter's speech relationships-The need to understand yourself and othel is a rousing call to arms f()r a second American' Revolu­ people-The psychology of man-woman relationships-':' tion. He outlines a number of m.ethods ~eing used by The nature and source of emotion-Neurotic disorders: tax rebels to avoid paying taxes-with varying degrees MacBride, Roger L. their meaning and cause-Principles of motivation-­ of legality. Though he qffers advice on how to survive ROGER MacBRIDE DISCUSSES TOE LIBERTARIAN Emotional blo<;king-Disowning the self-Self-alienation ec.onomic crisis. Baxter disputes the prophets of gloom PARTY PLATFORl,\1 and social alienation-Reason and emotion; A new inter­ :.and doom. andex~lains Why he ,is fundamentally opti­ The 1976 Liberru"rian Party presidential candidate out­ pretation-Self-awareness, self-acceptance, self-responsi­ mistic about the future. Rene Baxter. a free-market lines the major areas. of the LP's platform. MacBride bility, self-assertion-Anxiety and depression-A critique economist and investment advisor. is a leader .of· the discusses the LP's position on victimless crimes, foreign of. contemporary ,psychology: Psychoanalysis, Behavior­ issut:~ ism, "Humanistic" Psychology-BiocenJric Therapy: Its national tax revolt IllOVemel1t. policy, and such domestic as intlatiof1 1 taxation, Tape #435 (67 min.) SlO.50 pollution and the postal serviee. goals' and techniques-Biocentric Therapy and the Ob- Tape #446 (47 min.) S9.95 I jectivist Ethics. Tape #621·640 (26 hrs.) S188.95

Null, Gary- Grinder, Walter E. MONETARY' MANIPULATION: ITS STRUCTURAL HOW TO GET YOUR BEST SELLER PUBLISHED Rothbard, Murray When most people write a book. it never gets publish~d EFFECTS DEFLATION RECONSIDERED and gathers dust. The reason is that most writers do not Dr. RothbardbeHeves that th~ phenomenon of detlation Dr. Grinder discusses the effects of monetary policy on know how to sell to a publisher. This invaluable cassette the economy. He shows how changes in the money supplX deserves 1I10reattention. He outlines the reasons why th~ ~onse­ shows you how to turn your manuscript into a best seller.. detlation is preferable to intlation, and suggests that affect interest rates and prices, and outlines YouwiH le.arn how to attract a publisher'sattention-­ quences of monetary misdirection in a· mixed economy; Cletlation would help res.olve OUf present'economic prob­ which publishers to seek out-which to avoid-how to lems. A lecture delivered at an American GeographiCal A brief question-and-answer session followed this'lecture ke~p from being cheated-and how to receive your fair Society confere-nce. at an American Geographical Society conterence. m~vie. share of maga:zine. paperback rights, etc. Tape #464 (22 min.) $8.95 Tape #465 (25 min.) $8.95 Tape #458 (55 min.) S9.95

Libertarian Review 18 t

remains unchanged over" the, centuries--awkward, IstlENCEFICTIO~ I simplistic, embarrassing. , Healer On Tolive , ,Dalt,le~ pIS he has,exceptional psi'powers (courtesy of Pard, mostly) and, fmds that he can heal by.d~lyin~}1l;to,ln~hds-especiallythose of the victims By F.PaulWilson of thehorrors,an inexplicable,suddenly occuring fugue of fear and hallucinations that strikes people at random throughout mankind's'area of the galaxy. The ho"orsis spreading, and Daltbecomes quickly known and revered as the Healer. He is a legend. But, inevitably, after a time, the Healetmust disap­ Reviewed by RichardE. Geis/ Doubleday, 19761 ian planet Tolive, with the private entewrise Inter­ pear. Dalt ,surfaces on a remote planet as an im­ SS.9S stellar Medical Corps. mensely rich recluse. ~ Here F., Paul Wilson uses,his hero, shamelessly, But then begin brief, savage raids on human popu­ Healer by F.Paul Wilson is what is kindly called making him a wide-eyed, knee-jerk liberal fool, in lated planets by space-suited humanoids Who use an cr!' interesting failure. It uses, old, reliable science,fic­ order to show-and-tell some of the Tolive libertarian advancedspacewawportal. The raids become more tion elements: a man made virtually immortal by an life. Dalt is a man who has'lived for centuries' on a frequent, more devastating... alien in his brain who monitors his body and keeps success~on ofdifferent planets, doing a variety ofJobs And once again a single, superior man saves' all him in top condition and even constructs/grows back­ mankind from extinction, and in this case also up organs, an, immensely powerful insane alien psi saves an alien race from its fate-worse-than-death. menace from, far across the .galaxy" the intrusion of This is knee-'jerk' plotting: the old~ reliable formula the State into private freedoms to the point ofslav­ that, with unending repetition and variation, drives ery (byanotbername) of the individual, advanced, "Healer"is a rather bad, away the average reader of science fiction after a few psi powers in the hero/alien gestalt, spacewarpsfor routine- science fiction -novel years~ instanttravel and communication, the spread ofman­ The brief glimpse of Tolive is tantalising andseems kind into a large segment of the galaxy,.a Federation with, a small, fascinating taste brutally edited. There is mention of a Contra.ctwith of, planets. Uses these, elements unthinkingly, as a the planet (not with the government) required of all painted backdrop, with very little thought, given to oflibertarian life. , , Tolive citizens, but nothing more is explained or making them hang together. Shown. I suspect too much libertarianism would have Steven Dalt is the immortal. Note the name similar­ (maybe did) strike the editors at Doubleday as ity to John GaIt, hero of Ayn Rand'sAtlasShrugged. "propaganda" and special pleading, out of place and Dalt, having been immortal for a few centuries, outofproportion in the novel. .. fmdsit necessary to establish yet another identity on in a mixture of cultures and social levels--who is There' is a quote on page 79 from Daniel Webster: ,another planet to mask his unending life.]t is an era stunned that on Tolive there are no illegal books or "In every generation there are those who want to when the once mighty Federation ofhuman colon­ drugs"who is appalled at carefully supervised public rule well-but they mean to rule. They promise to be ized planets is moribund and the collectivist mental­ floggings, and, who has apparently never outgrown his good, masters-but they mean to be masters." I like ity is growing stronger (again, another cycle) and puritanical childhood. that. It reminds me of The, Smiler who is now oUr beginning to gain power, and influence over ·'the This is sloppy, lazywriting. president. scattered culturally and economically diverse human More: the inner dialog' between Daltandhis alien To 'sum up: Healer is a rather bad, routine science ·systems. partner (named Pard) is too cute forcomfor!, and fiction, novel with a small, fascinating taste of liber­ DaIt takes a computer job on the ill-reputed libertar- what .is worse,this juvenile level of conversation tarian life.•

Branden, Naahaniel, Ph.D. Wolls'ein, Jarre' 8f.pek, Alan, Karl Hess",~. Scott Royce, Peter 8 ....., HOW TO COMMUNICATE POLITICAL IDEAS THE MYTH OF MONOPOLY POWER Charles MOI'Jan, and Murray'Rothbard tt THE··STATE , OF OUR VNION? The Roted psychologist and therapist addressed the 1976 Wollstein examines the history and economics of monop­ An alternative "State of the Union" event was sponsored Libertarian Party Convention on the techniques of politil'ai Illy power ill the U.S. He demonstrates with historical by li~rtarians to announce the, formation of the Liber· persuasion. Dr. Bral1denencourage~ individuals to ques­ cxamples that economic concentration existed only when, lirms were eflkient. innovative, and charged lower prices tarian Advocate. The director. Alan Bock. explained the tion their own motives for engaging in political conversion, purpose of thisne'w special interest lobby in Washington: and advised that they understand their case. Using anec­ than their competitors. He also explains why the concept of a monopoly price is a myth. and why the monopolist lobbying for freedom. Karl Hess contributed with a witty dotes drawn from his own private and professional experi­ commentary on the current political scene. Royce pro­ ences, he' described the problems one faces in grappling has only the same kind of economic power as any other businessn'lan. Wollstein concludes that breaking up large vided a review of lJ.S. foreign policy; Peter Breggin with the stands taken by others-and how one might firms in the free market destroys economic freedom and discussed the use of psy~hiatric treatment as a tool of attempt to persuade others ina constructi"f! manner. A harmsc()nsumers. An informative l'asselte on a widely oppression; Charles Morgan (tormerly with the ACLU) useful guide tor personal communication on other levels debated issue. d~scribed the growing danger of govern,nental and presi­ also. His speech was, tollowed by an' intormative question Tape #264 (32 min.) 59.95 dential secrecy; and Murray Rothbard offered a reply to and answer session. President Ford's State of the Union Address, An event Tape #732' (55 min.) 59.95 with a serious theme, but not withoutgood humor. Lach~an, Ludwig M. Tape #420 (107 min.' 512.50 HIDDEN ASPECTS OF TODAY' S INFLATION Dr. Lachnwnn disl'Usses intlation's psychological dimen­ Sh~nOeld, Arthur, Ph.D. sion. its distributional effects, its geographical aspects. CONSUMERISM: A REPLY TO NADER AND HIS and its relation to capital erosion. A question~and­ NO TAPE PLAYER? answer period followed his presentation at ,In American RAIDERS • SONY Model TC-45. Handheld recorder-player doubles as Geogr;I\Jhic.:al Society conference. Ludwig Lachmann is On this tape. Dr. Arthur Shenlield, a distinguished portable dictating machine. Built·ln mike, automatic shutoff. a visiting professor of economics at New York Uni­ Battery meter. Tape counter. 4-way power supply, Regularly British economist, takes on Ralph NCato Institute (Box 2256, Economic Problems" by Ludwig von Mises (never for broad political-ideological purposes only once an~ every four years. I don't want to underestimate the Wichita, KS 67201). Published in English), "Coase. Dems,etz on Private importance of local 'isSUes in' local elections., because The Center began only-a year ago with virtually no Property .Rights" by Walter Block, "Order Without

missars~ .... serfd{)mand ,subjection, po­ on our bandwagoh,w~, Joo, will lose terrain to which it doeSnal co"espond. "A Selective Freedom" becattS~ groms, summary seizures, and arbitrary of it. ' ." I As hiS centfallVzrgultJent\ appeaTsM' re­ Regibald Bretnor'sbeUef that 'the rights judgements'withoutappeaL" And indeed duce Lil1ertariarrtsm~)'t(jr--li \1tlirt;dl¢l~ddvo;, 811d "'powers" of Citizenshipshhtlld' be it does-let'shope we never forget these MILTON MUE(LER cacy 'of anarchy,'z,t:is 'pointless for:71te to takertaway from "irresponsible" individ­ things! Surely even Bretnor knows' that Chicago, Ill. attempt any further ,explication 'or dis­ u'aIs is the tip of the right;'wing statist's they have-happened right here in the cussion. iceberg. "Responsibility," of course, United States. And the only reason we Bretnor Replies REGINALD BRETNOR would have to be defined by the state; don't have arbitrary judgment and Mr. Mueller's peroration opens with an Medford, Ore. that is, by people in power. [See" 'Gun 'summary seizures more often here is outright misstatement of· face' when he Control' and the Free Citizen," LR, - because the adversary concept of the refers to my alleged "belief that the "Major Misunderstanding" Sep.-Oct.'76.1 relation between government and the rights and 'powers'-of citizenship should Bill McIlhany's review(September/Oc~ Historically, there are many abominable governed has led to proceduralsafeguards be taken away from 'irresponsible' indi­ exampies' of what happens when the peo­ tober 1976) on my Punishing Criminals:' for the accused. viduals. " I said nothing about the restric­ Concerning a Very Old and Painful pie' in' power decide who is responsible But like all right wingers who seek a tion of passive rights, of those rights and who isn't. Women. were considered Question was generous,forwhich lam selective freedom. (for themselves), which pertain only toone's own well­ thankful, but· also replete with . major to he incapable of voting responsibly Bretn()1" defeats himself by-contradiction. being and destiny, but of course I did until a paltry, fifty years ago: Blacks were misun-derstandings, most of·which I do He starts out with the correct assumption question the wisdom of allowing the not think I can take the space to'correct. deliberately disenfranchised after the that government is an instrumentality to irresponsible to exercise, perilously, pow­ -CivilWar~not One, however, goes too far. on the basis of race, but which people delegate certain powers ers that can decide the destinies of by means of economic criteria and liter­ Mr. McIlhany implies that I accept "to- that they alreadY have' as individuals. In their fellow men. ~d_ay's senseless jargon of 'one's debt to acy tests-so-called objective tests that Without some 'degree ofintellectual and Mr~/ the next paragraph,' he contradicts society' " and adds, "van den Haag is Bretnor would perhaps approve of. this. "Full citizenship -was not," he interpersonal responsibility, no viable The implications here are antilibertar­ rather hostile to retribution as uncivilized -says, "something granted automatically society or culture can flourish, and-::per­ vengeance."· Actually, I am ill'favor' of ' ian in so fundamental a way that I am to anybody who could grunt and get in haps unfortunately-there must be S01'[le amazed that'I even need to 'discuss them retribution and explain' (in a section titled line for a handout," thus impiying that standard against which this rcpsonsibility "Retribution and Vengeance" thatretri­ in a libertarian publication. The state is citizenship is a kind of handout, or can be measured. Such 'standards, in the legalized use of force. To deprive ~ution has nothing to do with.,vengeance, "grant" of powers. He speaks of "quali­ the past, have generally been cultural but instead with promfsekeeping and people .of citizenship is to leave them fying" for the right to vote, as if the developments, often. unfair, sometimes without a-voice in the affairs of the state. that the motive of vengeance, "whether or franchise were a special power above and inhumane, but usually with a survival not present, has no logical connection Now, people who are unrepresented in beyond what all individums possess value for the community. Perhaps in the, government have a nasty habit of being with the intention of retribution. (A and already. He speaks of the "powers" of furure more idealistic and more scientific B may have different motjves· for the oppressed and e){ploited by that very citizenship being "given" to "millions of wayJ' can be foilnd'by which to determine institution. Thus, to deprive people­ same intention of killing C.) I also make irresponsibles." Thus, in the last analysis, them. They will be imperfect, certainly, it clear that the justification for threats responsible or not-of the powers of it is Bretnor, not just the "left-leaning as man is imperfect, but with all their citizenship is to deprive them of the is utilitarian, for punishments retribu- liberals," who believes that the "powers imperfections they will still. be necessary. Jive-they must be .. deserved by guilt. ,right of self defense in a way more basic we once delegated to government now To deny this is simply to assert that than the prohibition of guns itself. Further, -the first chapte..r contains a sec­ belong to it an,d not to- us," to use his everyone has to be free to "do his own tion("A Debt Owed by or toSociety?") It is predictable that Bretnor would own words~ thing" no matter what. berate the ACLU for its work in protect­ in· which I reject the theory that the crim­ Liberals tell us that only policemen can Mr. Mueller speaks as a declared Liber­ inal owes a. debt to society. I also unmis­ big the rights of the accused. But his be trusted with guns; Bretnor tells us that tarian, but his frames of reference, as attempt to dig up a libertarian-sounding takably favor restitution by offenders to only good, solid, upper-class citizens can revealed by his distortions of what I injured individuals, in a section headed reason foe this "leads tobizarre..results be trusted with the vote. What's the had to say and by his choice of epithets, "Restitution." The ACLU has an "authoritarian" con­ difference? seem to be the familiar fuzzY ones of cept of government, he says, because Our commitment" to individual rights Left-leaning Liberalism. His inability to ERNEST VAN DEN HAAG their adversary concept of government may ally us with people like Bretnor on understand what I wrote"and meant is, New York, N.Y. reveals "the memory of czars and com- one particular issue. That does not me~n I imagine, due to the fact that certain we ,have to. accept or help .spread the meanings and concepts. simply are not McDhany Replies reactionary and antilibertarian views asso,. contained in those frames-Hence such I will comment briefly- on ,the "major Letters from 'readers are welcome. Although - . absurdities as his statement that "Bretnor misundeI§tanding" Professor van den only a setectioncan be published and none can ciated .. with him. Indeed, that people be individually acknowledged, each will receive like Bretnor have been considered advo­ tells us that only good, solid, upper-class Haag' kindly specified in his 'letter. The editorial consideration a~d may be passed on to cates of freedom is prooably the major citizens can be trusted with 'the vote," complete sentence in my review from reviewers and .authors. Letters submitted for reason why the cause' has faltered for so which I did not say. He seems to be con­ which he excerpted his quotes reads: «The pUblication .should be brief, typed, double strained by an inflexible. map of causes author pays little or nO attention to a spaced, and sent toLR,,901N. Washington St., maIJY years. If libertarians allow this Alexandria, VA 22314. kind of right-wing statism to ride along and effects, and to be inflicting it on a perspective ofinherent transactional jus- .Libertarian Review 20 Law: Where Will the Anarchists Keep the Madmen?" of the Austrian'School of Economics." The second is tion distribution institute: Cato' was formerly the by John D. Sneed.The first issue of the JLS will be out J. Huston McCulloch's translation of "The Production. Charles Koch Foundation, based in Wichita, Kansas. in February. of Security," a classic free market study by Gustave It will continue to maintain offices in Wichita, but TheCentees newsletter, In Pursuit of Liberty, is de Molinari. its headqu(.lrt~rs will be in San Francisco;. It will also a publication devoted tomovement academic news and On 4-6 March 1977 at Harvard. Law mainta.inanpffice in New York, which it will share an update on Center activities. Profiles bf great liber­ School, the Center will conduct a symposium on with the Center for Libertarian Studies. Edward H. tarians are a regular feature. Thus far, features on "Crime and Punishment: Restitution, Retribution and Crane III, past national director of the Libertarian Felix Morley, Henry Hazlitt, and F. A. Hayek have Law." Like this year's Libertarian Scholars Conference, Party is Cato's president and executive director. Cato appeared. this symposium is being sponsored by the Liberty will continue to sponsor .'. conferences, seminars,and The Center holds an annual Libertarian Scholars Fund. This is the first systematic libertarian· analysis publications, and it will begin a Cato Fellows program. Conference, which brings together some of the very of the current legal paradigm. This conference will Cato's key contribution in the past has been its under­ best young libertarian intellectuals. The LSC gives include: "Psychiatric Diversion in the Criminal' Justice writing of a series of Austrian economics seminars these young scholars both a forum to deliver their System: A Critique" by Thomas Szasz; a roundtable and ,conferences. Due in large part to Cato's sup­ research papers and a chance to learn what other discussion on "The Crisis in the Criminal Justice port~ Austrian economics has made a fantastic resur­ libertarian scholars are .doing. This year's conference System: Examination of Causes and Consequences," gence during the past.several years. The most exciting (the fourth) was held at New York's Waldorf Astoria with Alan Dershowitz, Edward C.Banfie1d, Richard project that Cato is about to undertake is the publi­ Hotel in late October. It was one of the best yet. Epstein, Burt Galaway, Leonard P. Liggio, Murray N. cation of a new monthly magazine, which will be Among others, these topics were discussed: "On Rothbard, Thomas Szasz and James Q. Wilson; "Time modeled after the Nation. That is, it will be devoted Robert Nisbet's Twilight of Authority," papers by Preference and Crime," papers by Edward C. Banfield to analysis of and comment on contemporary issues as John McCarthy and Leonard P. Liggio, comments by and Gerald P. O'Driscoll, comment by Mario Rizzo; well as investigative journalism. The edtior will be Joseph R. Peden and Robert Nisbet; "The Foundations "Retribution: The Ethics of Punishment," papers by Williamson Evers, the brilliant libertarian theore­ of Libertarian Legal Theory," papers by Williamson Walter Kaufmann and John Hospers, comments by tician at Stanford University. In addition to" Evers, Evers and Randy E. Barnett, comments by Murray N. Murray N. Rothbard and Davis Kuber; "Restitution Ralph Raico, one of the movement's very best writers Rothbard, Roy A. Childs, Lyla O'Driscoll, and Jeffrey as an Alternative to Punishment," papers by Richard and academics, will take a. position on the staff as Paul; "An Historical Inquiry into Nineteenth Century Epstein and Burt Galaway, comments by Randy E. senior editor. The two, along with Ed Crane,are r.-ibertarian Social Analysis," papers by Mark Weinburg Barnett and Williamson Evers; and "Some Treat­ already putting together a staff and working on build­ and David Os terfeld, comments by Leonard P. Liggio ments of Crime in History," papers by Ronald Harnowy ing circulation. The magazine as yet remains nameless. and Joseph T. Salerno; Liability, Economics and the and Leonard P. Liggio, comments by James J. Martin. The importance of a periodical that will comment on Law-Two Problems: Pollution and Bankruptcy," The' banquet address will be "Towards aRe-Ordering the current domestic and foreign scene from a libertar­ papers by R. Dale Grinder and Lawrence H. White, of Priorities in the Criminal Justice System'" by ian perspective is impossible to overestimate. comments by William Beach and Walter Block; "An James Q. Wilson. Cato will work closely with the Center for Libertar­ Analysis of the 'Southern' Rim' Thesis," papers by Most of the plans for the fifth Libertarian Scholars ian StUdies. Their combined and complementary out­ Jonathan Marshall and John Hagel 111, comments by Conference to' be held next October have been made, put will rival-if not in quantity at least in quality­ G. William Domhoff and Larry Shoup. The banquet and it is sure to be at least as productive and stimulat­ that of-the American Enterprise Institute on the right, speaker was sociologist G. William Domhoff, who spoke ing as those of the past. the Brookings Institution in the liberal center, and the on "The Current Stateof Social Analysis in the United The Center is doing surprisingly well with its fund­ Institute for Policy Studies on the left. Hopefully, their States." raising efforts. So well, in fact, that it has been able to influence. will·.also soon rival these other ideological The Center has commissioneda.major project by Pro­ move into a new headquarters. There are five offices "think tanks.)' The Center willconcen.trate more on fess?r Earl C. Ravenal ofthe School of Advailced and a large library conference room which is. being. academic IJ;latters and Cato on public- policy issues. International Studies at.Johns Hopkins University. used for seininars artd conferences. The Center now has Building a movement •. is a long and. many..leveled the title of the study is ANon-Interventionist Foreign a full-time staff of four, including its first full-time re­ process. for a movem,entto be successful, it absolutely Policy. It is due to be finished by early summer. search associate. The Center has, indeed, become a must 'be grounded on a firm ideological foundation. Two CLS Occasional Papers are very close to publi- libertarian "think tank." The emergence of the Center and Cato takes us a long cation. is.La,wrence H.White's "The Meth()dology Cato Institute is a public policy research andinforma- way toward building that foundation.'.

::;:~'ti~;';'~\~~~~~~"';;k~:~cl~Yn~l::a,~'/I;,\~,is:,,';idtim "T~o Steps B~ck~~ta\'; 1 c~ria&-3.;rJ$l)~~I¥tes'fii¥tYh~,saW jt1~~xecu­ always thoughFit;hait,:the lf1gertanariethic "{' (J,'1& •{l'n,',:.«1t,Wlf,a ({felt, {(?l tiP·liff:N\'rs seJ}~~less With the publication of Ad~inc"'Reed's ,; ,tions orgas~~am?e~;:pOi?ti~g,o~~that \f~f:in;itSflJRst basiG,Jorm ,i<:>pposHion to iargon 01 ,'gnp's ,dof{bt,ta ~oceJty,"'and revie·\yof fiv¢"Holocaust" books in the ., ~l!s:Clhvitz~Birkel1aU",wasanindustrial cqercion; .• ' L, bavenever,.seen. or heard va~. denHaagisratb~{hostilet() retribu­ May..June issue, LR took two steps back­ cellter, not' a death factory, .and that of MaGBride or any of the' other people tion as uncivilized ven~geance. i, I t:io not wards in the quest for' a better under­ th.e stench in the air was from thesyn­ wllO Strauss 'doesn't name advocate it. be.{ieve I saidtbere that Professor van den standing of alleged war-time' atrocities. thetic rubber plant, not burning corpses. Indeed, their guiding word has been Haag advocated;' or accepted the notion One of my first personal. experiences The latest and most thorough study of "principle." of "one's debt to society," which he which brought. the charge of deliberate the extermination' question is the Work Second, Strauss .does not consider the does criticize for sound reasons. .I am murder of Jews on the part of Hitler & of a Northwestern University professor structure of the government. The presi­ sorry, that he misread my sentence and Crew in to question was when I obtained of engineering, Dr. A.R. Butz, whose dent is required to "take care that the assumed I was accrediting to him the two editions of Polish Acts of Atrocity Hoax of the Twentieth Century (Histori­ laws be faithfully executed." Unless popular myth which has thrived in the Against the German Minority in Poland. cal Review Press, 23 Ellerker Gardens, Congress also had a libertarian majority, absence of any popular revival of natural published by, the German Foreign Office Richmond TWIO 6AA, England, $6) the congressmen would see this as a direct law and rights theory. in 1939 and 1940, they 'include a large shows what really did happen in the con­ threat to their pockets, and, quite prop­ My complaint was not sufficiently number of photographs of Germans said centtation camps and how the genocide erly, impeach the president for violation directed aiprinciples ofnatura: law logic­ to have been killed by Poles before and legend got started in the first place. Butz' of his trust. If Congress did have a liber­ ally derived from the objective facts of . after the outbreak of hostilities. I have careful research examines the books re­ tarian majority, of course, the tax laws human nature. In the absence of such a since seen some of the identical pictures viewed by Reed and demonstrates why would certainly be changed. But no focus, .he seemed to me (pp. 11-12) to in "Holocaust books" with captions they aresuspect. president could openly proclaim that he be falling back on something he des­ claiming that they are Warsaw Ghetto In sum, the review published by LR would not enforce the laws and hope cribed, but did notdefine, as "a transper­ victims, Einsatzgruppen atrocities, etc. would have done credit to William L. to survive. sonal social order" as the protective LR would have done its readers a ser­ Shirer. To LR readers it has served to Third, if Strauss had wanted to seriously basis .of retributive punishment. And vice if it had included a review of some of perpetuate the extermination story which suggest a course of action to the LP, he from what I consider to' be a rational the books which have reexamined the Six has been used to help obscure the actual should have left out the insults, and vice natural law perspective, the source of, Million claim in the light of new evidence origins of the war. The Israelis have also versa. Either could stand alone, but com­ justice is exclusively personal: the mea­ and with the application of logical analy­ employed the genocide tale to mask their bining them implies that one or the sure of the harm done to the victim is the sis. For example, a member of the French own imperialistic policies toward the other is not meant to be taken seriously. degree to wh'ich the criminal has forfeited Resistance who spent the last three years Palestinian Arabs, who have been dis­ I have met "Filthy Pierre" Strauss at his righ t to commensurate values and of the war as an inmate of Buchenwald possed from their lands by the Zionists. science fiction conventions several times should justly relinqUish them in a manner and Dora, Prof. Paul Rassinier, saw no LR readers should expect more from in the past two years. He impressed me as appropriate . to each individual case. evidence of mass killings of Jews at those the editors. being rational, benevolent, and fair­ Because he places the justification for camps. Following the war he devoted minded. To say what he said is beneath WAYNE C. LUTTON punishment in such an unt:ie[ined social much time to an investigation of these him. context, Professor van den Haag equates charges,' and in The Drama of the Euro­ Assistant Professor of History American Christian College an individual's act of retribution with pean Jews (Steppingstones Publications, JOSEPH T. MAJOR Tulsa,' Okla. what he describes mostunfavorabiy as Box 612, Silver Spring, MD 20901, $3) Hopkinsville, Ky. "self-serving vengeance" (p. ,10). Apart and other'volumes, found that no system­ from the fact that retributive acts are atic program of extermination of Jews "Nothing More· Than a Slur" "A' Generous and Discriminating Ap­ only just if commensurate to the harm had existed under the Nazis and that The letter from Erwin S. Strauss in the praisement" actually done, I fail to see the strength most of the people who perished in the September/October issue seems unworthy Thank you for sending me a copy of the of the distinction which he here tries camps did so toward the endof the war of him, 9r indeed of any libertarian. To review of my Reason and Belief by John to make, since it is only on the basis of when the German transportation system criticize the validity of political action, or Hospers [LR, Sep.-Oct. '76]. it was a an individual's right to do so for himself broke down, leading to near starvation the LP itself"or any of its acts is pos§ible generous and discriminating appraisement that the state as an agent for him prac­ conditions and the outbreak of disease, and proper. But Strauss' letter is nothing which I greatly appreciate. tices retribution, and becau:e the crimi­ such a typhoid. more than a slur. nal, having virtually ''given up claim" Anoth~r contrary witness is Thies Chris­ First, Strauss says that "Roger MacBride BRAND BLANSHARD 'to his values and rights to the degree he topherson, a botonist who worked at the and the LP hierarchy are basically Repub­ New Haven, Conn. agronomy laboratory located. at the licans ... who turned to the LP only harmed another, is just as fairly deprived (Continued on page 22) of them by his victim, another individual, Auschwitz camp, where two to four ,mil­ after failing toMIRACLE ALL PURPOSE POLISHING non-sacrificial, Arrstotelian, activist). Help Counseling, Box 389-LRI. Tustin, CA 92680.. CLOTH WITH LEMON OIL. 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dulge in many luxuries!). I must content And, on the Other Hand ... each of us has the ability to better him- myself With clipping his words and send­ -s~lf without government asistance. Liber­ I feel your magazine leaves much to be An Mterword... (Continued from page 21) ing them in letters to one friend who, I tarianism' has no future if it is primarily know, reads with attention. desired. Let me explain. I have'seen a springboard forpie-in-the-sky anarch­ Roger MacBride on "Firing l--ine,"and· ists. Because I am no longer young, I lack 11. . have read his book, A New Dawn for Kudos-· .kind of spiritual resiliency, so I cannot America. I have spoken briefly With Bob . May I suggest that in the future your believe that the Libertarian Party can ever Meier and Ed Crane. These gentlemen magazine be more devoted to social es­ be a force in this poor beleagured country Libertarian Review is my idea of!apub­ strike me as being intelligent and reaSOn­ says of thought-provoking sUDstance lication! I know of 'no other that does of ours. I wish it could! able. Because' of their positions of leader­ (such as Reginald Bretnor's piece in the ship in the Libertarian Party, I presume what it does-and I feel you and the edi­ The platform on which Roger MacBride July-August issue), and less devoted to torial board deserve a perfect chorus of that their posture is representative of the boOk reviews (many of which give the is running is exactly what I think a party party. huzzahs!' There are many of us out here platform should be. (l sent out a copy of reader the impression that the reviewer who hunge~ and thirst for wha~ you pro­ it to a friend who is a conservative, and to II do not consider the tone of your has a bone to pick with some author none vide! Keep it up! another who is a liberal-and they were magazine to be intelligent and reasonable, of us has ever heard of befpre). both impressed!) .however. Most of your contributors If libertarianism grows as a philosophy I want especially to say thank you -for impress me as beiqg paranoic evangelists of realistic and pragmatic doers" then Reginald Bretnor's articles. The man has As I said,do ,kee.p it up! Libertarians who are more concerned With spreading Roger MacBride Will get my vote. But if a mind like a steel trap, and he focuses· are truly voices crying in the wildemess­ the word that we are all being persecuted· you people are just another bunch 0 unerringly on the fallacies of our modern but they can be insistent voices, and by the government than wi th di$cussing whiners and pseudo-intellectual compain­ times. For his articles alone I would send disturbing. ways in / which we can all impJ~ove our ers, then, gentlemen, I just don't have gift subscriptipns to all my friends-onlY lifestyle and contentment regardless of time to listen. my means are limited (in other :words, the MRS. DAVID HAMBLEN, III who is in office. I believe that libertarian­ government has,made it impossible to in- " Newton, Mass. ism. will, grow with the awareness that RUSSELL F. MOON, JR. 22 Libertarian Review JAN·FEB 1977 LAISSEZ FAIRE BOOKS 1------_------,America's Leading Libertarian Bookseller..... --"------1 BOOKS REVIEWED IN THIS ISSUE Offering the largest selection of liber­ 515.00 tarian Books available anywhere. You 57.95 MY YEARS WITH LUDWIG von MISES by Margit von Mises 59.95 can orderby mall: SS.9s POWERSHIFI'by Kirkpatric Sale 53.95 58.95 THE YANKEE and COWBOY WARby Cart Oglesby 512.00 • Most of the books reviewed In this THE POWERS OF CONGRESS by Robert Lefevre 52.95 IssueofLR. 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