Tower Buildings in Skagway (1897-1916) a Historic Photo Essay (DRAFT)

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Tower Buildings in Skagway (1897-1916) A Historic Photo Essay (DRAFT)

Compiled by Karl Gurcke, Historian Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park Revised: 2 March 2017

Introduction:

This essay focuses on the five main commercial tower buildings in Skagway during its period of significance (1897-1912) – the Dewey Hotel (pages 3-10), the Fifth Avenue Hotel (pages 11-19), the Golden North Hotel (pages 20-37), the Trail Inn (pages 41-53) and the Clayson Building (pages 54-63). Only two of those buildings, the Golden North Hotel and the Trail Inn, are still standing. I have also included two public buildings with towers, the McCabe College (pages 64- 82) and the Skagway Public School (pages 83-89) of which only the McCabe College building is still standing. Several churches with their steeples (pages 90-115) have also been included but only the Methodist-Episcopalian / Presbyterian Church (pages 98-104) is still standing. Finally, two surviving gold rush era residences also have towers, the Case/Mulvihill House (pages 116- 119) and the Nye/Roehr House (pages 119-125). All the surviving buildings are contributing resources to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark. Further research will uncover additional information about and images of these buildings and that information and images will be added to this essay when appropriate.

Please Note: You may discover discrepancies in this document in regard to certain facts. This is a draft document. Unfortunately not all sources used in this report agree on all the facts. When time permits a complete vetting of all known sources regarding the history of this building, those discrepancies hopefully will be resolved.

The Photographs:

Note 1: An attempt has been made to place these photographs in rough geographical order according to the area under consideration. For example, in the beginning of this report are to be found a series of overview photographs showing the entire avenue (from Spring Street to Alaska Street) usually taken from the east side of the mountain and in rough chronological order. Next we see the 1914 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map showing a section of the avenue, say from Spring Street to Broadway. Then there are photographs showing buildings on the south side of the avenue from Spring Street to Broadway. Next are found photographs showing buildings on the north side of the avenue from Spring Street to Broadway. This scheme then repeats itself with first, the 1914 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map, and then photographs first taken of the south side and then of the north side of the next section of the avenue from Broadway to Main Street, then from Main to State Street, and finally from State Street to Alaska Street. Placing photographs geographically have proven difficult as some images show individual buildings while others show partially or entire streetscapes. Therefore the current placement of images should be considered tentative.

Note 2: Generally the photographs used in this report were taken between 1897 and 1916 and are placed in rough chronological order. However, because many of the images are undated, or have a wide date range it has been difficult to limit the photographs to that particular date range and in some cases, place then in true chronological order. In addition, some photographs taken later in time are used to illustrate a particular section of the avenue because earlier photographs are lacking and the buildings illustrated have not changed much since the gold rush era. Again, because of these reasons, the current placement of images should be considered tentative.

Note 3: Some of the photographs shown below are enlargements of parts of the original photographic print. Certain distortions are inherent in the process of transferring these portions to the printed page. Full size prints are available for viewing by contacting the author at (907) 983-9214 or [email protected] or by visiting the park. Prints owned by other institutions can be obtained by contacting the institutions listed at the end of this report and providing them with the print numbers or by contacting the park historian for additional information. KLGO numbers refer to the whole photograph found in the Park Library’s Historic Photograph Collection and should not be used in any correspondence with other institutions.

Note 4: Warning: some of the photographs in this report are owned by institutions other than the park and are not in the public domain. Therefore, permission must be obtained from the owning institution(s) in advance before using these images for any use other than viewing this document. Users are responsible for any violations of copyright law and use rights.

Note: 5: Because of the height of many of these buildings, the photographs of the individual buildings have been compressed in certain instances. In addition, the flagpoles on some of these buildings have often been cropped out of the picture in order to fit the images on the standard page.

Acronyms & Abbreviations:

AK = Alaska DSC = Denver Service Center, Denver, Colorado KLGO = Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Skagway, Alaska NHL = National Historic Landmark NPS = National Park Service WASO = National Park Service main office, Washington, DC WP&YR = White Pass & Yukon Route railroad

Dewey Hotel:

Figure 1: The Dewey Hotel, looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1898-1899. Photographer: Mary (Mollie) Montgomery Brackett. Remarks: The exact date for the construction of the Dewey Hotel is uncertain but it was probably built sometime in 1898. It may have been named for Admiral George Dewey who won the Battle of Manila Bay (1 May 1898) during the Spanish–American War (21 April 1898 – 13 August 1898) (Wikipedia, last accessed 2 March 2017). Mt. Dewey was also name for him. This photograph shows the Dewey Hotel in its original location on the northwest corner of 7th Avenue and State Street. It was moved to the southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in May 1908. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Cynthia Brackett Driscoll Collection, Mollie Brackett album, BRSGY006; KLGO Library ST-13-6167.

Figure 2: “Dewey Hotel,” looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1902. Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley, Skagway, AK. Remarks: This photograph shows the Dewey Hotel still in its original location on the northwest corner of 7th Avenue and State Street. It was moved to the southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in May 1908. Credit: Yukon Archives, H. C. Barley fonds, 5024; KLGO Library 7th-4-1231. 5

Figure 3: The Dewey Hotel, looking southwest. Date: Circa winter 1908 (Date based on “New Location” above). Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: The Dewey Hotel was originally located on the northwest corner of 7th Avenue and State Street. It was moved to southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in May 1908. This is an advertising card for the hotel describing its new location and amenities. The purpose of the move was probably to be closer to the wharfs and tourists. It its new location it was directly across Broadway from the WP&YR Broadway Depot. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Carolyn and Michael Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 4: Detail, the Dewey Hotel, looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1910 (Date based on postcard type). Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: Here in this cropped portion of a larger photograph we see for the first and only time, a portion of the south elevation (or rear) of the Dewey Hotel. The Dewey Hotel was originally located on the northwest corner of 7th Avenue and State Street (figures 1 and 2). It was moved to southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in May 1908. The Red Onion Saloon was moved to the northwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in 1914. Since the Red Onion Saloon is not shown in this photograph and the Dewey Hotel is on the southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway, the picture must date between 1908 and 1914 and a 1910 date based on the type of postcard seems reasonable. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Carolyn and Michael Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library (full size image).

Figure 5: The Dewey Hotel, looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1913-1918 (Dates based on the possible photographer’s known time in Skagway). Photographer: Unknown (probably Lewis H. Pedersen?) (726). Remarks: The Dewey Hotel was originally located on the northwest corner of 7th Avenue and State Street (figures 1 and 2). It was moved to this spot, the southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in May 1908, to be closer to the wharfs and tourists. According to the 1914 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map of Skagway, the building next door (west of) to the Dewey is the Dewey Hotel Restaurant. Credit: Alaska State Library, AHC Photograph Core File, 01-1665; KLGO Library B1-28-159. Another version of this photograph: Skagway Museum, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, SM 00857. 8

Figure 6: The Dewey Hotel, looking west. Date: Circa summer 1930s Photographer: Unknown (probably Dedman’s Photo Shop). Remarks: This compressed photograph shows the Hotel Dewey on the southeast corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway. The Dewey Hotel was supposedly destroyed by a fire in the late 1930s or early 1940s but recent foundation excavations in the area showed no evidence of a fire and according to photographic evidence (NPS-KLGO, Richard Johnson Collection, Img-492, KLGO Digital Library); the building appears to have been demolished sometime before July 1938. Note 1: The changed Hotel Dewey window sign. Note 2: Martin Itjen and his street car on extreme right which dates the image to 1930 or shortly after (Gurcke 2016a). Credit: Skagway Museum, Dedman’s Photo Shop; KLGO Library B1-58-983. 9

Figure 7: Detail, the Dewey Hotel, looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1930s. Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: The Hotel Dewey was originally constructed, probably in 1898, on the northwest corner of 7th Avenue and State Street. It was moved to the southwest corner of 2nd Avenue and Broadway in May 1908 to bring it closer to the wharfs and the tourists. It was supposedly destroyed by a fire in the late 1930s but recent excavations for new building foundations in the area showed no evidence of a fire. According to photographic evidence (NPS-KLGO, Richard Johnson Collection, Img-492, KLGO Digital Library), the Dewey Hotel appears to have been demolished sometime before July 1938. Note: The remodeling of the front entrance and the addition of an artic entryway on the east side of the building. Credit: Alaska State Library, AHC Photograph Core File-Skagway-Broadway-4; KLGO Library B1-81-1112 (full sized image).

Newspaper References: The Dewey Hotel

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1901 Small fire at Dewey Hotel, 1 December, page 1, column 6.

1902 John L. Gage of Dewey Hotel buys share, 15 November, page 3, column 1.

1903 Dewey Hotel opens Turkish baths, 24 March, page 4, column 2.

1904 Office of Dewey Hotel renovated, 8 January, page 1, column 4.

1908 Dewey Hotel on rollers to 2nd Avenue and Broadway, 1 May, page 4, column 1.

1908 Flight of Dewey Hotel – moving down State Street, 9 May, page 1, column 6.

1908 Dewey Hotel arrives at spot, 12 May, page 4, column 1.

Fifth Avenue Hotel:

Figure 8: Fifth Avenue Hotel before remodeling, looking northeast. Date: 4 July 1899. Photographer: Major John Tweedale (?) Remarks: This photograph shows the 5th Avenue Hotel on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street in its original configuration. The building was probably built in 1898 and extensively remodeled with the addition of a third floor and tower in the corner of the building, all taking place in the fall of 1899. Credit: Alaska State Library, Frank B. Bourn Collection, PCA 99-65; KLGO Library 5th-105- 9491.

Figure 9: Detail, the Fifth Avenue Hotel, looking northwest. Date: Circa April-May 1900. Photographer: Arthur Forbes Nicol. Remarks: The 5th Avenue Hotel was originally located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The hotel was built with a large false front facing east (figure 8) but in the fall of 1899, the building was remodeled and a tower was added. The hotel was re-opened on the 28th of December 1899 (Daily Alaskan 1899). The photographer, Arthur Forbes Nicol, arrived in Dawson City in May 1900. Depending on his arrival date and length of his trip, he could have stayed at the 5th Avenue Hotel and taken this picture at any time in late April or mid-May (Dawson City Museum 2017). The 5th Avenue Hotel was moved to the Pullen House grounds in the 1920s (possibly around 1922). When it was moved the tower and other ornamentation was stripped from the building and it appears that only a portion of the hotel may have actually been moved (figure 15). Note: The 5th Avenue Hotel sign on the boardwalk fairly near the front entrance. This collaborates a summer 1900 date for the photograph. Credit: Dawson City Museum, 1984.31.20; KLGO Digital Library (full size image).

Figure 10: The Fifth Avenue Hotel, looking northwest. Date: Circa winter 1900 (Year on sled). Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: This photograph shows a portion of the south and east elevations of the 5th Avenue Hotel, located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The sign on the dog sled in the center front reads “M. L. FERGUSON / DAWSON CITY & YUKON TER’Y / DIRECTORY OF 1900.” Presumably some of the gentlemen in the photograph were compiling information and selling advertising space in the company’s upcoming directory (Ferguson 1901). Note: This is probably the best view we have of the two columns supporting the tower. Credit: Alaska State Library, Skinner Foundation Collection, PCA 044-03-025; KLGO Library 5th -1-180.

Figure 11: Detail, the Fifth Avenue Hotel, looking northwest. Date: Circa winter 1901. Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: The 5th Avenue Hotel was located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The Methodist-Episcopalian Church (seen here on the left), located on the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street, was built in the fall of 1901 (Gurcke 2017b). Because of tree stumps in the street in the full sized photograph, the date must be relatively early in Skagway’s existence but after the church was built. Note: The 5th Avenue Hotel sign on the boardwalk fairly near the front entrance. It has been moved closer to the front entrance of the hotel than seen in figure 9 but has yet to be placed on the building. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Robert B. Royal Collection, KLGO Digital Library (full size image). 15

Figure 12: Detail, the Fifth Avenue Hotel letterhead, looking northwest. Date: 29 June 1904 (date of letter). Artist: Unknown. Remarks: The 5th Avenue Hotel was located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. This drawing of a much expanded hotel found on the 5th Avenue Hotel letterhead shows the hotel as fully imagined. Based on photographs (figures 9-10 and 14), the hotel never reached the size imagined. Credit: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Clarence Leroy Andrews manuscript, KLGO Library 5th-63-3984 (full size image). 16

Figure 13: “Fifth Ave. Hotel Guests, Jan. 28, 1908.” Date: 28 January 1908. Photographer: Horace Herbert Draper (Draper & Company). Remarks: This photograph shows a number of guests in front of the 5th Avenue Hotel, located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The 5th Avenue Hotel van or hack is behind them waiting to take them to the docks or the railroad depot (or having just delivered them from one of those locations). The 5th Avenue Hotel was closed and eventually moved to the Pullen House property and attached to the original Moore Mansion sometime in the 1920s (figure 15) and was torn down in 1990 (Spude 1983:160; Brady 1990). Credit: Skagway Museum, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, SM 00526. See also Alaska State Library, George Family Collection, PCA 344-30; KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 14: Detail, Fifth Avenue Hotel, looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1910s-1920s. Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: This view shows a portion of the south and east elevations of the 5th Avenue Hotel. The hotel was located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The hotel went out of business during the teens and was apparently first up for sale beginning around 6 January 1917. Before being sold, however, it was used as a quarantine center for people coming into the Yukon Territory during the 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918 – December 1920) (Muhvihill 2016). It was eventually closed and moved to the Pullen House property in the 1920s (Spude 1983:160). The date of this photograph is based loosely on the vegetation growing up on the sides of the streets indicating a post gold rush period when Skagway’s economy was in decline. Credit: Anchorage Museum, Don Ingalls Postcard Collection, B1988.003.96; KLGO Digital Library (full sized image).

Figure 15: “Entrance to the Pullen House Grounds” – looking northeast. Date: Circa winter late 1920s. Photographer: Dedman Photo Shop, Skagway, AK. Remarks: The 5th Avenue Hotel was originally constructed in 1898 or 1899 on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street (figures 8-14). It was remodeled several times and a third- story and tower added to the building in 1899. The hotel went out of business during the teens but the building was then used as a quarantine center for people coming into the Yukon Territory during the 1918 flu pandemic (January 1918 – December 1920) (Muhvihill 2016). Sometime in the 1920s the building was moved across town to the Pullen House property (Spude 1983:160). This photograph shows what appears to be a relatively new addition to the Pullen House. That addition, the former 5th Avenue Hotel (arrow) first shows up on the Pullen House grounds in a photograph dated to 10 January 1927 (Alaska State Library, Delbert E. Sheriff Photograph Collection, PCA 060-1386; KLGO Digital Library) but may have been moved to this spot earlier, during the summer of 1922 or 1923 (National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Malcolm Moe Album #1, KLGO Digital Library). At the time of the move, the hotel was apparently stripped of its tower and other ornamentation and it is possible that only a portion of the hotel was actually moved, the rest left behind and demolished. Credit: Skagway Museum, Dedman Collection; KLGO Library PH-28-966.

Newspaper References: The Fifth Avenue Hotel

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1899 Fifth Avenue Hotel improved, 21 April, page 4, column 3.

1899 Formal re-opening of remodeled Fifth Avenue Hotel, 28 December, page 4, column 1.

1900 Robbery at Fifth Avenue [Hotel?], 24 December, page 1, column 4.

1900 Filthy poll near Fifth Avenue Hotel described, 11 July, page 1, column 5.

1901 Renovated Fifth Avenue Hotel to have modern grill, 13 January, page 4, column 5.

1902 Fifth Avenue Hotel fitting up steam heating plant, 6 September, page 1, column 7.

1902 Big boiler for Fifth Avenue Hotel being moved in, 5 October, page 1, column 2.

1902 Fifth Avenue Hotel’s new steam heating plant up and ready, 2 November, page 1, column 3.

1902 Heat is in; Fifth Avenue Hotel re-opens, 5 November, page 4, column 2.

1903 Fifth Avenue Hotel being remodeled, 9 December, page 1, column 5.

1904 Fifth Avenue Hotel leased by J. Wesley Young, owners, 28 February, page 2, column 2.

1908 La Burke, Fifth Avenue Hotel owner to build another hotel, 9 April, page 3, column 1.

1908 Miss La Burke, owner of the Fifth Avenue Hotel, has 14 hotels in Alaska, 26 September, page 1, column 4.

Newspaper References: The Influenza Epidemic

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1919 Influenza: Yukon implements quarantine, 20 March, page 2, column 3.

1919 First influenza outbreak; public quarantine, 20 March, page 4, column 3.

1919 Influenza: passengers off ships quarantined, 1 April, page 4, column 3. 20

Golden North Hotel:

Robert L. Spude in his book entitled Skagway, District of Alaska 1884-1912. Building the Gateway to the Klondike (1983) has this to say about the Golden North Hotel:

 Golden North Hotel (1898 / 1908): The Klondike Trading Company built the two-story, wood, business block with an onion-domed corner tower at Third Avenue and State early in 1898. After the Klondike stampede, the building was rented by the army as barracks until 1904. George Dedman and Edward Foreman, proprietors of the Golden North Hotel, purchased the Klondike Trading Company building and in 1908 had it moved one block to the southwest corner of Third and Broadway. They added a third floor, raised the corner dome another story, and refitted the structure as a hotel, Skagway’s largest. The Golden North Hotel continues in business; the descendants of George Dedman operate Dedman’s Photo Shop in Skagway (Spude 1983:144).

Note: The original Golden North Hotel was located on the north side of 4th Avenue just west of its intersection with State Street. It’s probable that that building was torn down before the building that became the Golden North Hotel was moved.

The National Historic Landmark nomination form lists this building as a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999):

 Contributing Resource 315: Golden North Hotel, 1898. Three-story frame commercial building with flat roof, cornice line between the second and third floors, and simple bracketing that projects from above the third floor. Double beveled shiplap, plywood, lattice and vertical post siding. A three-quarter round turret projects from above the first floor, above which is an octagonal, wood-shingled, onion-shaped dome. Moved to site and added to in 1908; recent shed roof addition in rear (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:13).

Figure 16: Sylvester’s Store (aka Klondike Trading Company), looking southeast. Date: Circa summer 1898 Photographer: Mary (Mollie) Montgomery Brackett Remarks: In this photograph the two-story Sylvester’s Store, otherwise known as the Klondike Trading Company, is in its original location on the southeast corner of 3rd Avenue and State Street. In May 1908 this building would be moved to 3rd Avenue and Broadway and expanded to form the Golden North Hotel. Note: The mound of dirt in the middle of State Street might indicate the installation of water pipes. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Cynthia Brackett Driscoll Collection, Mary (Mollie) Montgomery Brackett album, BRSGY021; KLGO Library ST-13-6167. 22

Figure 17: Sylvester’s Store (aka Klondike Trading Company), looking southeast. Date: Patriotic parade, 1 May 1898 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: In this photograph Sylvester’s Store, otherwise known as the Klondike Trading Company, is in its original location on the southeast corner of 3rd Avenue and State Street. The photograph shows the west elevation of the building or its State street side. The dome would be located outside of the picture, on the left. In 1908 this building would be moved and expanded to form the Golden North Hotel. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Darcie Culbeck Collection, KLGO Library ST-24-9021. The same picture but with handwritten notes on the image giving the names of a few individuals and the date of the picture is found at Clallam County Historical Society, KLGO Library ST-32-10988.

Figure 18: Sylvester’s Store (aka Klondike Trading Company), looking southeast. Date: Circa summer 1902-1903 Photographer: William E. Hunt (?) Remarks: This photograph shows Sylvester’s Store (aka Klondike Trading Company) in its original location on the southeast corner of 3rd Avenue and State Street. In 1908 the building was moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added. It became the Golden North Hotel after the move. This photograph and information below came from the finding aid for the collection of William E. Hunt housed in the Alaska State Library (PCA 155). Hunt was commissioned 2nd Lieutenant in the U.S. Army and assigned to Camp Skagway, Alaska, in 1902, as Commanding Officer of M Company, 8th Infantry. This was an all-white company. Hunt left Alaska in 1903 and therefore this picture must date sometime during this time. The U.S. Army used the building for a time until they vacated Skagway for Haines in 1904. Note: The solider patrolling near the right hand side of the picture. Credit: Alaska State Library, William E. Hunt Collection, PCA 155-16; KLGO Library 3rd-14- 9504.

Figure 19: Golden North Hotel, looking southwest. Date: May 1908 Photographer: Unknown (Dedman’s Photo Studio?) (111) Remarks: This photograph shows the north and east elevations of the former Sylvester’s Store, now the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved from the southeast corner of 3rd Avenue and State Street to its new location on the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway but before a third floor added. The move was completed by 1 May 1908 and the third floor was completed by 27 August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). Note 1: The bracing timbers on the north elevation and the lumber on the street. This photograph must have been taken immediately after the move was completed. Note 2: The caption “Golden North Hotel in 1908” and possibly the photographer’s number “111” was probably added many years after the picture was taken. Credit: Skagway Museum, Dedman Collection; KLGO Library B1-43-943. 25

Figure 20: “Hotel ‘Golden North,’” looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1908-1912 Photographer: Frederick A. Callarman (811) Remarks: This picture shows the Golden North Hotel in its current location (southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway). The move to its current location was completed by 1 May 1908 (figure 19) and the third floor was completed by 27 August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). This photograph shows the hotel lacked the large hotel façade sign on the roof (figures 21-23, 27-28 and 30), the exterior light fixture (figure 22-23) and the artic entryway all seen in later photographs (figures 23 and 27). This suggests the picture was taken just after the third story was added and the hotel opens for the first time. The picture can be dated no later than 4 February 1912, when a dated Callarman photograph (Alaska State Library, Paul Sincic Collection, PCA 075-007; KLGO Library B1-65-391), shows the exterior light fixture in place. Note: The unreadable sign on the ground at the bottom of the east elevation. Credit: Yukon Archive, H. C. Barley Fonds, 5039; KLGO Library B1-84-1201. 26

Figure 21: Golden North Hotel, looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1908-1912 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This is an advertising card for the Golden North Hotel. It shows the east and north elevations of the hotel after it had been moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added in August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). This picture shows the hotel lacked both the exterior light fixture (figure 22-23) and the artic entryway all seen in later photographs (figures 23 and 27) but has the large façade sign on the top of the building, not seen earlier (figure 20). This suggests a date for the picture close to 1908. The picture can be dated no later than 4 February 1912, when a dated Callarman photograph (Alaska State Library, Paul Sincic Collection, PCA 075-007; KLGO Library B1-65-391), shows the exterior light fixture in place. Note: The unreadable sign on the ground at the bottom of the east elevation is still visible. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Michael & Carolyn Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library

Figure 22: Golden North Hotel, looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1912 (?) Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This view shows the east and north elevations of the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added in August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). In front of the hotel is a distinctive exterior street light fixture (arrow) that shows up in a photograph dated 4 February 1912 (Alaska State Library, Paul Sincic Collection, PCA 075-007; KLGO Library B1-65-391) and is still in place in a photograph dated 1922 (National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Hartley Collection, KLGO Library B1-179-6611). The fixture seems to have been removed by the 1920s (figure 27). Note 1: The building is still without the arctic entryway in front of the hotel seen in later photographs (figures 23 and 27). Note 2: The unreadable sign on the ground at the bottom of the east elevation is still visible. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Michael & Carolyn Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library

Figure 23: Golden North Hotel, looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1912-1922 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This view shows the east and north elevations of the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added in August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). In front of the hotel is a distinctive exterior street light fixture (arrow) that shows up in a photograph dated 4 February 1912 (Alaska State Library, Paul Sincic Collection, PCA 075-007; KLGO Library B1-65-391) and is still in place in a photograph dated 1922 (National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Hartley Collection, KLGO Library B1-179-6611). The fixture seems to have been removed by the 1920s (figure 27). Note 1: The arctic entryway in front of the hotel. Note 2: The city light fixture hanging above the junction between 3rd Avenue and Broadway. Note 3: The unreadable sign on the ground at the bottom of the east elevation seen in earlier pictures (figures 20-22) is now gone. Credit: Anchorage Museum, Don Ingalls Postcard Collection, B1988.003.82, KLGO Digital Library. Identical photograph: KLGO Archive 38285, KLGO Digital Library. Also National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Michael & Carolyn Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library

Figure 24: “Marigolds in September, Golden North Hotel, Skagway, Alaska,” looking southwest. Date: Circa post September 1908 Photographer: Unknown (Dedman’s Photo Studio?) Remarks: This view shows a portion of the north elevation of the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved to the southeast corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added in August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). The couple in the photograph is Clara and George Dedman. The Dedman’s were responsible for moving the building in 1908 but lost the hotel in 1936 when the mortgage was foreclosed (Dedman-Kalen 2009). Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, KLGO 59783d. 30

Figure 25: Golden North Hotel, looking toward the southwest. Date: Circa summer 1914? Photographer: Unknown (Dedman’s Photo Studio?) Remarks: This view shows the north elevation of the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added in August 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). In the background are the hotel’s cottages, former cribs. All of these buildings are located on the south side of 3rd Avenue. Credit: Alaska State Library, Paul Sincic Collection, PCA 075-185; KLGO Library 3rd-7-392.

Figure 26: “Sweet Peas, Skagway, Alaska,” looking southeast. Date: Circa summer 1915 Photographer: Louis H. Pederson (LHP) (1404) Remarks: This view shows a portion of the north and west elevations of the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added in 1908 (Daily Alaskan 1908). In the background one can see the Mascot Saloon and its sign at the southeast corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway. This indicates that the Mascot Saloon was still in business and local prohibition, which began in Skagway in August 1916, hadn’t started yet. The photographer, Pederson, arrived in Skagway in 1913 and left in 1918. Credit: Yukon Archive, Dennett and Telfer Collection, 3157; KLGO Library 3rd-2-1243.

Figure 27: “Golden North Hotel - Skagway, Alaska,” looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1920s-1930s Photographer: Dedman’s Photo Shop Remarks: This view shows the east and north elevations of the Golden North Hotel after it had been moved to the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway and a third floor added. The former Mascot Saloon (immediate left) has been turned into a drug store indicating the picture was taken after the beginning of local prohibition in August 1916. The exterior light fixture, seen in earlier pictures (figures 22-23) is gone. This indicates a post 1922 date as a picture with that date still has the distinctive exterior light fixture in front of the hotel (National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Mr. and Mrs. Donald Hartley Collection, KLGO Library B1-179-6611). Note 1: The arctic entryway in front of the hotel. Note 2: The transom windows on the ground floor have been mostly covered over. Note 3: The city light fixture hanging above the junction between 3rd Avenue and Broadway. Credit: Skagway Museum, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, SM00203.

Figure 28: Detail, Golden North Hotel, looking southwest. Date: 20 June 2004 09:42 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph shows the east and north elevations of the Golden North Hotel in its current location (the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway). This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library (full size image). 34

Figure 29: Golden North Hotel, looking southeast. Date: 15 July 2004 11:14 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph shows the north and west elevations of the Golden North Hotel in its current location (the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway). This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library. 35

Figure 30: Golden North Hotel, looking west. Date: 14 June 2014 07:13 PM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph shows the east elevation of the Golden North Hotel in its current location (the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway). This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library. 36

Figure 31: Golden North Hotel, looking south. Date: 11 June 2014 05:39 PM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph, part of a stitched together panoramic photograph of the south side of 3rd Avenue between Broadway and State Streets, was taken from the north side of 3rd Avenue looking south. It shows the north and west elevations of the Golden North Hotel in its current location (the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway). This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Newspaper References: The Golden North Hotel

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Skagway News 1898 C. W. Everest bought lot between St. James & Golden North Hotels, 11 November, page 3, column 1.

Daily Alaskan 1899 Croquet at the Golden North Hotel, 27 May, page 4, column 1.

1900 Thomas Whitten, proprietor of the Golden North Hotel, 11 January, page 1, column 5.

1900 Golden North Hotel; Ed Forman & G. R. Dedman lease it, 25 February, page 1, column 7.

1900 New addition to Golden North Hotel, 6 March, page 4, column 2.

1900 50’ X 20’ addition to Golden North Hotel, 10 new rooms, 15 November, page 4, column 3.

1903 Golden North Hotel office remodeled, 3 September, page 1, column 5.

1903 New glass plate front on Golden North Hotel, 8 September, page 1, column 1.

1903 New heating plant for Golden North Hotel, 25 September, page 1, column 3.

1908 Old Sylvester building at new location [new Golden North Hotel], 1 May, page 4, column 1.

1908 Golden North Hotel – third story now complete, 27 August, page 4, column 3.

Skagway Cheechako 1937 Fire in Dedman garage behind Golden North Hotel, 25 April, page 1, column 2.

The Trail Inn & the Clayson Buildings:

Figure 32: The Trail Inn (right arrow) & the Clayson Building (left arrow), looking north. Date: Circa fall 1908. Photographer: Frederick A. Callarman (806) Remarks: This photograph was taken looking north up Broadway from near its intersection with 3rd Avenue. The Trail Inn opened on 6 June 1908. The Lynch & Kennedy store (extreme right) opened on 12 September 1908. This picture therefore was probably taken immediately after that last event. The two-story Peterson Hardware Store, which was moved to the northeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway in 1909, is not present in the picture further confirming the date (Spude 1983:156). Credit: Yukon Archives, 5012; KLGO Library B1-89-1181. 39

Figure 33: The Trail Inn (right arrow) & the Clayson Building (left arrow), looking east. Date: Circa summer 1908 Photographer: Frederick A. Callarman (600) Remarks: This photograph was taken looking east down 4th Avenue with the photographer standing between Broadway and State Streets near the avenue’s junction with Broadway. The Pantheon Saloon (Cyrus Noble whisky sign) is located at the southwest corner of Broadway and 4th Avenue (right side). The saloon dates from 1903-1916 and local prohibition closed it in August 1916. The building that formed the Trail Inn, located on the southeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway, was moved to its current location in 1908 and remodeled with the ornate false front and tower seen on the right side of the avenue (Spude 1983:155). The two-story Clayson the Clothier store was located on the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway (left side). The two-story Peterson Hardware Store, currently located on the northeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway, was moved to its present location in 1909 (Spude 1983:156). Since the hardware store is not seen in this picture, the date must be the summer of 1908. Credit: Yukon Archives, 5033; KLGO Library 4th-12-4988.

Figure 34: The Trail Inn (left arrow) & the Clayson Building (right arrow), looking south. Date: Circa summer 1909-1913 (Dates based on Peterson Hardware move and Horace Herbert Draper’s “Draper & Company” death). Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This photograph was taken looking south down Broadway from near its intersection with 5th Avenue. The Pantheon Saloon (with its Cyrus Noble whisky sign) is located at the southwest corner of Broadway and 4th Avenue (right side). The saloon dates from 1903-1916 and local prohibition closed the saloon in August 1916. The two-story Clayson the Clothier store was located on the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway (right side). The building that formed the Trail Inn, located on the southeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway, was moved to its current location in 1908 from the north side of 6th Avenue, east of Broadway, and remodeled with the ornate false front and tower seen on the left side of the picture (Spude 1983:155). The Peterson Hardware Store, located on the northeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway was moved to its current location in 1909 (left side) (Spude 1983:156). Credit: Vancouver Public Library, 9779; KLGO Library B1-181-6650.

The Trail Inn / Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Complex:

Robert L. Spude in his book entitled Skagway, District of Alaska 1884-1912. Building the Gateway to the Klondike (1983) has this to say about the Trail Inn / Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery complex of buildings:

 Trail Inn / Pack Train Saloon (1904 / 1908): The Trail Inn symbolized the new Skagway that businessmen desired to create during the brief period of prosperity in 1908. Fred Patten and Chris Shea, owners of the Pack Train Saloon, led the drive to move businesses to Broadway and to erect new structures or new facades. Contractor Patten saw to the inn’s design and the moving of an old army barracks, built around 1904 as part of Camp Skagway on Sixth Avenue, to a new location on the southeast corner of Fourth and Broadway. The wood frame two-and-a-half-story barracks was sawed in half; the two pieces were placed perpendicular to Broadway and a new three-story false front was placed on the north and west walls; a tower adorned the corner. In June 1908 Mayor Chris Shea opened the Trail Inn and Saloon with a grand feast. Prosperity was short lived, however, and the complex passed through the hands of several owners. After prohibition, the building was reopened as the Pack Train bar, the name it retains. The Brenna Family is restoring the landmark structure (Spude 1983:155).

 Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery (1900 / 1908): Fred Patten and Chris Shea, Skagway businessmen and saloon owners, led the drive to build a new Skagway in 1908 by moving businesses to Broadway and erecting new structures, or at least new facades. Mayor Shea proposed building the Trail Inn complex which included store rental space. Haberdashers Henry Lynch and John Kennedy agreed to rent the space. During the summer an army barracks on Sixth Avenue, built in 1900 as part of Camp Skagway, was moved to Broadway. The two-story wood frame barracks was remodeled with a wider first floor and a new three-story false front matching the Trail Inn. Lynch and Kennedy opened in September 1908. The National Park Service acquired the vacant building in 1977. Restoration is in progress (Spude 1983:155).

The National Historic Landmark nomination form lists these side-by-side buildings as Contributing Resources to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999):

 Contributing Resource 330: Trail Inn, 1900. Three-story wood frame commercial building. West front has glass and wood panel storefront under bracketed cornice at second floor. Second and third floors have clapboard siding with bracketed cornice and paneled parapet above. Diagonal bay window tower on northwest corner, starting at the second floor, is covered with clapboard and wood panels with shingled peak roof. The third floor of the facade has arch motif in vertical board and pediment in parapet. Clapboard siding on north facade, double beveled shiplap on remaining facades, shed addition. Originally two-story army barracks, moved to site and embellished in 1908 (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999: 15).

 Contributing Resource 329: Lynch and Kennedy Dry Goods and Haberdashery, 1900. Two-story gable commercial building with attic, false front on west facade. Glass and wood paneled storefront with recessed double doors and glass transoms framed by wood paneled pilasters. Building has a cornice at second floor and bracketed cornice with paneled parapet at top. West facade features clapboard siding, double beveled shiplap on other facades. Originally an army barracks, moved to site and embellished in 1908 (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:14-15).

Figure 35: "The Trail, Skagway, Alaska, Shea & Patton, Props,” looking southeast Date: June 1908 Photographer: Draper & Company (732) Remarks: Two U. S. Army barracks on the north side of 6th Avenue were moved to this location in 1908 and remodeled into the Trail Inn (left) and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store (right). The Trail Inn opened on 6 June 1908. In this photograph, the Lynch & Kennedy building, which opened on 12 September 1908, has yet to receive the same ornate front elevation treatment as has The Trail Inn. This would indicate the picture was taken around the date of Trail Inn’s grand opening (Spude 1983:155). Credit: Alaska State Library, AHC Photograph Core File, Skagway-Businesses-04; KLGO Library B1-40-152. 44

Figure 36: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store, looking northeast. Date: Circa fall 1908 Photographer: Frederick A. Callarman (806) Remarks: This photograph was taken looking north up Broadway from near its intersection with 3rd Avenue. The Trail Inn opened on 6 June 1908. The Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store (extreme right) opened on 12 September 1908. This picture therefore was probably taken immediately after that last event. The two-story Peterson Hardware Store, which was moved to the northeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway in 1909, is not present in the picture further confirming the date (Spude 1983:156). The complete image is seen in figure 32. Credit: Yukon Archives, 5012; KLGO Library B1-89-1181 (full sized image). 45

Figure 37: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store, looking southeast Date: Circa summer 1912 (Date based on postcard type). Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This view shows portions of the east and north elevations of the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store. The presence of the two-story Peterson Hardware Store (extreme left), which was moved to the northeast corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway in 1909, helps to date the image (Spude 1983:156). The Mascot Saloon (out of this image in the far distance) is still open and therefore this picture dates to before the mid 1916 introduction of local prohibition. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Michael & Carolyn Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library (full sized image). 46

Figure 38: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store, looking southeast Date: Circa summer April 1914 – August 1916 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: The Board of Trade Saloon moved into the Trail Inn in April 1914. Local prohibition forced all of the saloons in town to close in August 1916 (Spude and others, 2006:75). In the uncropped image, we see the Peterson & Company Hardware Store, visible at the extreme left side of this image). It was moved to its new location on the northeast corner of 4th and Broadway in 1909. The Mascot Saloon (out of this image in the far distance) is still advertising Rainier Beer and therefore this picture dates to before the mid 1916 introduction of local prohibition. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Wayne Selmer Collection, KLGO Digital Library (full sized image). 47

Figure 39: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery Store, looking southeast. Date: Circa summer 1917 (?) Photographer: Unknown Remarks: In 1906 grocers Prosper H. Ganty and Andrew Frandson acquired the Boss Bakery building and turned it into a grocery store. The Ganty / Frandson partnership dissolved in December 1910 (Daily Alaskan 1910:4) and Frandson left town. This photograph shows the “P. H. Ganty Grocer” block sign on the former Boss Bakery building’s false front (arrow). In 1917 Prosper H. Ganty purchased the property from Fred Ronkendorf and so a “For Sale” sign on the front façade might be related to that sale. On the other hand, it could also mean that perhaps there is a sale on merchandise within. The construction of what appears to be an arctic entryway over the front entrance of the building might indicate some type of renovation was going on inside the building just after the sale of the building. Credit: National Archives, 11-SC-76272; KLGO Library B4-58-1919 (full sized image). 48

Figure 40: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building, looking southeast. Date: 4-5 June 1959 (dates based on Norris 1996:57). Photographer: Paul J. F. Schumacher, NPS-Region IV, San Francisco, CA. Remarks: This photograph was taken looking south down Broadway from a spot across the street near Broadway’s intersection with 4th Avenue. By this time the building held the Pack Train Saloon. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library B1-142-5005 (full sized image). 49

Figure 41: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building, looking southeast. Date: 20 June 2004 08:53 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph shows the north and west elevations of the Trail Inn (yellow body paint) and the west elevation of the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building (white body paint) in their current location at the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway. These buildings are Contributing Resources to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library (full size image). 50

Figure 42: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building, looking southwest. Date: 13 June 2004 09:54 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph shows the north and east elevations of the Trail Inn (yellow body paint) and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building (white body paint) in their current location at the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway. These buildings are Contributing Resources to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library (full size image). 51

Figure 43: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building, looking east Date: 14 June 2014 06:18 PM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph, part of a stitched together panoramic photograph of the east side of Broadway just south of 4th Avenue, was taken from the west side of Broadway looking east. It shows the west elevation of the Trail Inn (yellow body paint) and the west and south elevations of the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building (white body paint) in their current location at the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway. These buildings are Contributing Resources to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 44: Detail, the Trail Inn and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building, looking south Date: 11 June 2014 07:47 PM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This photograph, part of a stitched together panoramic photograph of the south side of 4th Avenue, east of Broadway, was taken from the north side of 4th Avenue looking south. It shows the north and east elevations of the Trail Inn (yellow body paint) and the Lynch & Kennedy Dry Goods & Haberdashery building (white body paint) in their current location at the southwest corner of 3rd Avenue and Broadway. These buildings are Contributing Resources to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Newspaper References: The Trail Inn

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1908 The Trail to open tomorrow, 5 June, page 1, column 3.

1908 The Trail grand opening, two suckling pigs, etc., 10 June, page 1, column 3.

1908 Describes opening of the Trail, 13 June, page 3, column 3.

1908 Opening of the Trail, 16 June, page 3, column 3.

Newspaper References: The Lynch & Kennedy

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1908 Shea building [Lynch & Kennedy], 9 May, page 1, column 1.

1908 Moving the Lynch & Kennedy, 2 June, page 4, column 3.

1908 Lynch & Kennedy store opens, 12 September, page 1, column 5.

1908 Advertisement – Lynch & Kennedy, 6 October, page 1, column 3.

1908 Advertisement – Lynch & Kennedy with drawing of men’s suit, 9 October, page 1, column 1.

1911 Four men arrested for shooting guns into Lynch & Kennedy, 3 January, page 1, column 3.

1911 H. D. Lynch wins raffle for R. E. Kirmse's house, 16 February, page 1, column 6.

1917 Advertisement – Albert Reinert, successor to H. J. Lynch, 21 February, page 1, column 1.

1919 Moving to Cordova; Kennedy bought Clayson clothing, 14 June, page 1, column 5.

1919 James Kennedy store going out of business, page 1, column 5.

Historical Narrative: The Clayson Building:

The history of the Clayson building warrants further research. What is currently known is that William H. Clayson arrived in Skagway, Alaska from Portland, Oregon in September 1897 at the very beginning of the Klondike gold rush. He was 28 at the time having been born in Washington State in February 1869. His father and mother were born in England. His brother Fred H. Clayson probably arrived at the same time. Their mother, Annie M. Clayson (aged 49) arrived in Skagway in October 1897 and her two daughters, Annie M. (aged 15) and Charlotte L. (aged 13) arrived in Skagway in December 1897. By 1900 they had one household servant, Rebecca Anderson, who was born in Denmark in 1862 of Danish parents and immigrated to the United States in 1890. She was living in Seattle, Washington before arriving in Skagway in March 1899 (United States Census 1900).

The Hotel Rosalie building was constructed in August 1897 on the southwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway. A short time later the hotel business moved to a new building on the south side of 2nd Avenue, east of Broadway. Sometime in late 1897, the Clayson brothers established a clothing outfitting store, F. H. Clayson & Company, in the former Hotel Rosalie building. It is thought that at this time Mrs. Annie Clayson acquired title to the land if not the building although the records are unclear. An 18 x 20-foot addition was added to the western side of the building. The Clayson Clothier business remained in the building through early 1898 (Kardatzke 2002:6).

F. H. Clayson & Company moved into a new building on the southeast corner of 4th Avenue and State Street (figure 45) sometime in the spring of 1898. Business prospects looked promising when Fred Clayson went to Dawson to attend to business affairs. On Christmas day 1899, Fred Clayson and two others left the tiny roadhouse at Minto heading south for the Northwest Mounted Police station at Hootchikoo but they never arrived. Their bodies were found months later, shot to death. Eventually the killer, Charles O’Brien was arrested, tried, convicted and, on the morning of 23 August 1901, hung (Gates 2010:99-103).

During March 1902 the Clayson building was moved from the southeast corner of 4th Avenue and State Street to the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway. At a yet undetermined date, the Clayson building burned and by 1905 a new two-story Clayson building with an imposing tower had taken its place (figure 46). Clayson continued the business in the new store until 1917 when he moved to Cordova, AK although the Clayson family had probably left Skagway before 1910 as they are not listed in that year’s census (United States Census 1900). This Clayson building also burned. The exact dates are uncertain but a photograph taken on 10 January 1927 from the eastern hillside shows the building still standing (Alaska State Library, Delbert E. Sheriff Photograph Collection, PCA 060-1386; KLGO Digital Library), while an aerial photograph of town dated 22 June 1929 shows the Clayson completely gone (USFS, 310- FS-Z38B; KLGO Library SKA-4-6273).

Figure 45: F. H. Clayson & Company / General Outfitters, looking southeast. Date: Circa summer 1898-1900. Photographer: Unknown Remarks: The Clayson brothers erected this building on the southeast corner of 4th Avenue and State in the fall of 1898. Fred H. Clayson was murdered on the trail from Dawson on or about 26 December 1899. His body wasn’t found until March 1900. His brother, William H. Clayson, moved the business to the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway in March 1902. After this building burned, a new two-story tower building was erected sometime before 1908. Clayson continued the business in the new store until 1917 when he moved to Cordova, AK although the Clayson family probably left Skagway before 1910 as they are not listed in that census. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, KLGO 55990, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 46: “Dog O Mobile in Skagway,” the Clayson building, looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1905 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: The two-story Clayson the Clothier store was located on the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway. A dog powered taxi was run by a man named Stanton H. Yeoman during this time period although there may have been other dog powered taxis in town. Credit: Minnesota Historical Society, YR1974.7709; KLGO Library B4-112-7234.

Figure 47: Detail, the Clayson Building, looking northwest Date: Circa summer 1905. Photographer: Unknown. Remarks: In March 1902 the Clayson building (figure 45) was moved from the southeast corner of 4th Avenue and State Street to the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway. At a yet undetermined date, this building burned and by 1905 a new two-story Clayson building with an imposing tower had taken its place. Credit: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Southeast Tour, 86-021-08N; KLGO Library B1-132- 5040 (full sized image).

Figure 48: Detail, the Clayson Building, looking east. Date: Circa summer 1908 Photographer: Frederick A. Callarman (600) Remarks: This cropped photograph shows a small portion of the west and all of the south elevation of the Clayson building. The full sized image was taken looking east down 4th Avenue with the photographer standing between Broadway and State Streets near the avenue’s junction with Broadway (figure 33). The two-story Clayson the Clothier store was located on the northwest corner of 4th Avenue and Broadway. Credit: Yukon Archives, 5033; KLGO Library 4th-12-4988 (full sized image).

Figure 49: Detail, the Clayson Building, looking southwest. Date: 29 June 1913 Photographer: Ashael Curtis (29068) Remarks: Ashael Curtis was a photographer who took many photographs of Skagway, Dyea and the gold rush trails during the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897-1898. He returned to Skagway as part of a large contingent of people associated with the Seattle Chamber of Commerce who arrived in Skagway on the 29th of June 1913. They stayed several days (Daily Alaskan 1913). This is part of a larger image that is looking south down Broadway from near its intersection with 5th Avenue. Credit: Museum of History and Industry, 14116; KLGO Library B4-117-7612 or Washington State Historical Society, Curtis 29068; KLGO Library B4-118-7613 (full sized image).

Figure 50: Detail, the Clayson Building, looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1916 Photographer: Paul A.W. Wallace Remarks: A view very similar to that of figure 23 but taken closer to the Skagway waterfront. Note that the building next to Clayson the Clothier is former Draper & Company photo shop. Horace Herbert Draper (formerly of Case & Draper) died on 14 August 1913. Note: The grass growing beside the boardwalk. In 1900 Skagway’s population was around 3,000, by 1910 it had dropped to around 800, and by 1920 it had dropped to around 500. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Gift of Dr. David Wallace, KLGO 25823, KLGO Digital Library (full sized image).

Figure 51: The former Clayson and Case & Draper buildings, looking northeast. Date: Circa summer 1927-1928 Photographer: Unknown (Dedman’s Photo Studio?) Remarks: This view shows the former Clayson building (left) completely destroyed by fire and the former Case & Draper building (right) extensively damaged by the same fire. Both buildings were still standing on 10 January 1927 when they were photographed from the eastern hillside (Alaska State Library, Delbert E. Sheriff Photograph Collection, PCA 060-1386; KLGO Digital Library). The former Clayson building is completely gone by 22 June 1929 (USFS, 310-FS- Z38B; KLGO Library SKA-4-6273). The Case & Draper building is gone by 1934 (National Archives, 18-AA-9-17; KLGO Library SO-138-5472). By 1943 a new building had been erected it its place. Credit: George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Skagway Museum, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, C-A_00273, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation.

Newspaper References: The Clayson Building

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Skagway News 1898 F. H. Clayson & Company has plans completed for remodel, 14 October, page 2, column 2.

Daily Alaskan 1900 Clayson building, 3 June, page 1, column 5.

1901 Advertisement – Clayson store, 18 June, page 4, column 7.

1901 Will Clayson bought Ritter lot, corner 4th Avenue & Broadway, 5 December, page 1, column 5.

1902 L. A. Harrison, disputant with Clayson for Ritter lot, 7 January, page 3, column 1.

1902 Clayson & Company secures Ritter lot for $2,400, 8 February, page 1, column 3.

1902 Clayson block moved easily, 23 February, page 3, column 2.

1902 Clayson's building is on the move, 5 March, page 4, column 4.

1902 Clayson building moved, 9 March, page 2, column 2.

1902 Addition being built to Clayson building, 13 April, page 3, column 3.

1903 F. H. Clayson improving store and putting in skylight, 17 March, page 1, column 6.

1903 Will H. Clayson to make additions to store at 4th Avenue & Broadway, 6 November, page 1, column 6.

1903 W. H. Clayson bought fractional lot between Case & Draper, 8 December, page 1, column 6.

1908 Advertisement – Clayson store, 28 June, page 1, column 6.

1908 Building moved from 4th Avenue to Clayson property on Broadway, 23 November, page 1, column 4.

1919 Moving to Cordova; Kennedy bought Clayson clothing, 14 June, page 1, column 5.

1919 James Kennedy store going out of business, page 1, column 5.

Newspaper References: The Clayson Murder

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1900 No clue to the missing Yukoners, 10 January, page 1, column 5.

1900 Will Clayson goes to interior, 13 January, page 1, column 7.

1900 Big reward offered for F. H. Clayson, 28 January, page 1, column 6.

1900 Clayson mystery not yet solved, 21 February, page 1, column 5.

1900 Discoveries made in Clayson mystery, 6 March, page 1, column 7.

1900 Bodies of Clayson party found, 17 March, page 1, column 7. 64

McCabe College / Federal Courthouse:

Robert L. Spude in his book entitled Skagway, District of Alaska 1884-1912. Building the Gateway to the Klondike (1983) has this to say about the McCabe College / Federal Courthouse:

 McCabe College / Federal Courthouse (1899) (23C): McCabe College, a Methodist college headed by Dr. Lamont Gordon, was Alaska’s first institution of higher education. The building was constructed with the intention of housing the college and church, but the school operated for only two terms when the building was sold to the federal government for use as a court house. The district court was held in the building until the 1950s. The building presently houses the City Hall and the Days of 98 Museum [1983] (Spude 1983:160). It has been extensively remodeled and added to with the City Hall on the first and second floors of the new addition and the second floor of the original building while the City Museum is on the first floor of the new addition and the first floor of the original building.

The National Historic Landmark nomination form lists this building as a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999):

 Contributing Resource 386: McCabe College / Federal Courthouse, 1899, Two and one-half story, hip main roof with gabled extensions and a gabled tower, stone foundation, granite walls up to center of second floor, upper five feet of wall clapboard siding. Round and diamond-shaped wood shingles at gable ends; tower has clapboard siding above second floor windows (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:17).

Figure 52: “U. S. Court House, Skagway, Alaska,” looking southeast. Date: Circa fall or spring 1901-1907. Photographer: William Howard Case and Horace Herbert Draper (Case & Draper) (469). Remarks: This photograph shows the west elevation of the McCabe College / Federal Courthouse building during its time as the courthouse. Construction on McCabe College started in 1899 but was not finished until 1901. Almost immediately talk about selling the building surfaced and in April 1901 the building was acquired by the Federal Government. The Case & Draper photography partnership dissolved in 1907. Note 1: Judging from the lack of landscaping and fencing around the building, this photograph was taken fairly early in the building’s existence and certainly earlier than figure 51. Note 2: The touch of snow on the roof and mountains in the background, also the puddles of water and mud in the foreground indicate fall or spring. Credit: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Laura Hills Collection, 560-6; KLGO Library PB-7- 215.

Figure 53: “Court House, Skaguay,” looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1901-1903. Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley (720). Remarks: This photograph shows the west and south elevations of the McCabe College / Federal Courthouse building during its time as the courthouse. Based on the picket fence and landscaping this photograph was probably taken a year or so after figure 50. Barley, the photographer, left town on 21 May 1903 for San Francisco (Daily Alaskan 1903:1). Credit: University of Alaska Fairbanks, J. G. Price Collection, 65-4-13; KLGO Library PB-5- 214.

Figure 54: “Court House, Skagway,” looking northeast. Date: Circa summer 1904-1905 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This photograph shows the west and south elevations of the McCabe College / Federal Courthouse building during its time as the courthouse. Note: Many or most of the trees seen in figure 51 have been cut down. Credit: Sitka Historical Society; KLGO Library PB-16-1899.

Figure 55: McCabe College / Federal Courthouse, looking northeast. Date: Circa summer 1905. Photographer: Frank H. Nowell (6335). Remarks: This photograph shows the south elevation and a portion of the west elevation of the McCabe College / Federal Courthouse building during its time as the courthouse. Credit: University of Washington, Frank H. Nowell Collection, Nowell 6335; KLGO Library PB-9-260.

Figure 56: “Skagway Court House,” looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1913 – 1918 (date based on the photographer’s presence in Skagway). Photographer: Louis H. Pederson (LHP) (720). Remarks: This photograph shows the north and west elevations of the McCabe College / Federal Courthouse building during its time as the courthouse. Credit: Library of Congress, 02003u; KLGO Library PB-62-9053.

Figure 57: McCabe College building, looking east. Date: 4-5 June 1959 (dates based on Norris 1996:57). Photographer: Paul J. F. Schumacher, NPS-Region IV, San Francisco, CA. Remarks: This photograph shows the west elevation of the McCabe College building. In 1955, the U.S. government declared its courthouse in Skagway to be surplus property and initiated measures to sell it. In December, the City of Skagway submitted a bid and title to the building was transferred to the City of Skagway on 1 June 1956. Despite the city’s stated intention to occupy it with municipal offices, the building continued to stand vacant and abandoned until 1960 or 1961. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library PB-17-2023

Figure 58: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking northeast. Date: Circa summer 1970s. Photographer: National Park Service. Remarks: This photograph shows the west and south elevations of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library BDG-264-10299. 72

Figure 59: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking south. Date: Circa summer 1970s. Photographer: National Park Service. Remarks: This photograph shows the north and east elevations of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library BDG-266-10301.

Figure 60: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking west. Date: Circa summer 1970s. Photographer: National Park Service. Remarks: This photograph shows the east elevation of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library BDG-268-10303.

Figure 61: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking northeast. Date: June-July 1997. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the west elevation and a small portion of the south elevation of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. The bunting indicates the photograph was taken around the 4th of July. Note: The “City Hall” sign in the transom over the main entrance to the building. At this time, the City Hall was downstairs and the Skagway Museum was upstairs. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library D- 1990-PB-6-10495. 75

Figure 62: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking east. Date: 13 June 2004, 9:47 AM. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the west elevation of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. The building was enlarged and renovated in the late 1990s and re-dedicated on 25 June 2000 (Brady 2013:447). This is the historic portion of the building. The new portion is behind (east of) the historic portion. Note: The “City and Skagway Museum” sign in the transom over the main entrance to the museum. This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

 Contributing Resource 386: McCabe College / Federal Courthouse, 1899. Two and one-half story, hip main roof with gabled extensions and a gabled tower, stone foundation, granite walls up to center of second floor, upper five feet of wall clapboard siding. Round and diamond-shaped wood shingles at gable ends; tower has clapboard siding above second floor windows (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:17).

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 63: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking northeast. Date: 13 June 2004, 9:40 AM. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the west and portions of the south elevations of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. In this photograph you see mostly the historic portion of the building but you see the new portion of the building behind (or to the east or right side of the image). This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 64: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking southeast. Date: 13 June 2004, 9:39 AM. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the west and portions of the north elevations of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. In this photograph you see mostly the historic portion of the building but you see the new portion of the building behind (or to the east or left side of the image). This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 65: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking southeast. Date: 13 June 2004, 9:38 AM. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the north and portions of the west elevations of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. The historic portion of the building is on the right side of the image while the new portion takes up the rest of the picture from the center to the left hand side of the image. This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library. 79

Figure 66: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking southwest. Date: 13 June 2004, 9:42 AM. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the north elevation of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. The historic portion of the building is on the right side of the image while the new portion takes up the rest of the picture from the center to the left hand side of the image. The first floor entrance leads to the City Hall on the second floor. This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 67: McCabe College building / City Hall / City Museum, looking southeast. Date: 13 June 2014, 12:06 PM. Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: This photograph shows the west elevation of the McCabe College / City Hall / City Museum. Note: The “City and Skagway Museum” sign in the transom over the main entrance to the museum. This building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark:

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

Newspaper References: McCabe College Building

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1899 New College to be of stone [McCabe College], 16 May, page 1, column 7.

1899 McCabe College standup, 10 December, page 4, column 4.

1899 McCabe College, 17 December, page 1, column 6.

1899 Bishop McCabe College – second term begins, 19 December, page 3, column 4.

1899 McCabe College, 24 December, page 5, column 3.

1899 McCabe College – second term February 1, 29 December, page 1, column 7.

1900 McCabe College President resigns, building still uncompleted, 2 March, page 4, column 1.

1900 McCabe College nearly finished, 9 May, page 1, column 6.

1900 McCabe College construction, 10 May, page 2, column 1.

1900 Exterior of McCabe College complete, 20 May, page 1, column 6.

1900 McCabe College to open June 1, 25 May, page 4, column 1.

1900 McCabe College opened yesterday at 9 AM, 26 June, page 1, column 6.

1900 McCabe College near complete – glass in last window, 3 August, page 1, column 6.

1900 McCabe College courses, 12 August, page 1, column 7.

1900 McCabe College and City talk of purchase, 21 August, page 1, column 3.

1900 Trustees of McCabe College to sell to Government, 7 September, page 4, column 3.

1900 District Court opens in McCabe College, 2 December, page 1, column 7.

1900 Sale of McCabe College halted because of Government, 16 December, page 4, column 2.

1901 Judge Brown has rented McCabe College for Court, 2 February, page 1, column 6.

1901 District Court convenes in McCabe College building, 2 April, page 1, column 3.

1901 Government to pay $9,000 for McCabe College building, 17 April, page 1, column 7. 82

Daily Alaskan 1901 Skagway's new jail put in Courthouse, 8 November, page 1, column 6.

1902 Carpenters overhauling Courthouse: new furniture, 12 April, page 1, column 7.

1903 Red fireproof paint going on Courthouse, 9 September, page 4, column 1.

1904 Creek floods Courthouse basement, 18 January, page 1, column 8.

1908 Changes at the Courthouse, 13 June, page 1, column 3.

Newspaper References: The District Court

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1899 List of Court Docket listing pending Lawsuits, 30 May, page 1, column 7.

1900 Judge Schlbride requests bids for new Courthouse, 9 May, page 4, column 2.

1900 District Court, 1 June, page 1, column 3.

1900 New Courthouse Proposal of Judge Brown, 27 June, page 4, column 2.

1900 Courthouse site selected at end of 6th Avenue, 15 July, page 4, column 4.

1900 Judge Brown receives authority to build new Courthouse, 31 August, page 1, column 3.

1901 Spicy case in Court – Viola Smith, Demi Monde, arrested, 20 June, page 1, column 3.

1908 History of early Court in Alaska, 8 April, page 2, column 1.

The Skagway Public School:

Figure 68: “Public School Skagway, Alaska,” looking northwest. Date: Circa fall 1901. Photographer: William Howard Case and Horace Herbert Draper (709). Remarks: This photograph shows the south and east elevations of the Skagway Public School building on 12th Avenue between State and Main Streets. Architect S. E. Maxon of Skagway designed schoolhouse in March 1901. Construction started in May 1901 and after some problems with the foundation and a switch to a new contractor and architect, the building was finished and school started in October 1901. Credit: Alaska State Library, PCA 389-5; KLGO Library PB-45-6752. An identical image is also found in National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO 1310, KLGO Digital Library

Figure 69: “Skagway Public School Skagway, Alaska,” looking northwest. Date: 29 August 1906. Photographer: William Howard Case and Horace Herbert Draper (Case & Draper) (410). Remarks: This photograph shows the south and east elevations of the Skagway Public School building on 12th Avenue between State and Main Streets. Note: The tree stumps (seen in figure 66) have been removed and the ground is more level and a boardwalk has been built. Credit: Library of Congress, 01581u; KLGO Digital Library. An identical image is also found in National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Michael & Carolyn Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library. In the image in the Nore Collection, there appears to be something scratched out and the number 410 placed above and to the right of the photographers’ name.

Figure 70: The Skagway Public School, looking northwest. Date: Circa spring 1910 (date based on postcard type). Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This photograph shows the south and east elevations of the Skagway Public School building on 12th Avenue between State and Main Streets. Note 1: The tree stumps have been removed from the school yard and the ground is more level. In addition, a boardwalk has been built and steps to the building have been installed. Note 2: The tree stumps in the picture which may be on the lot opposite the school and not visible in the earlier photographs. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Michael & Carolyn Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 71: “Public School – Skagway, Alaska,” looking northeast. Date: Circa spring 1926, Photographer: Unknown (Dedman’s Photo Studio?). Remarks: This photograph shows the south and west elevations of the Skagway Public School building on 12th Avenue between State and Main Streets. Note: Several bicycles are near the main entrance to the building indicating that school is in session. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, KLGO 55894, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 72: “Public School – Skagway, Alaska,” looking northwest. Date: Circa spring or fall 1926. Photographer: Unknown (Dedman’s Photo Studio?). Remarks: This photograph shows the south and east elevations of the Skagway Public School building on 12th Avenue between State and Main Streets. This school served Skagway’s children until 1939 when a new school, constructed in 1937, took over that job and the old school was demolished (Brady 2013:238-242). Note: Several bicycles are near the main entrance to the building indicating that school is in session. Credit: Skagway Museum, George & Edna Rapuzzi Collection, Gift of the Rasmuson Foundation, SM00231; KLGO Digital Library

Newspaper References: Schools

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Skagway News 1899 Mrs. Morehouse's private school, 20 January, page 5, column 1.

Daily Alaskan 1900 Mrs. Oakdale, schoolteacher, apologizes…, 23 May, page 4, column 1.

1900 School wins case and gets Union Church, 12 June, page 1, column 7.

1900 12 pupils at Dyea School, 17 June, page 4, column 1.

1900 City buys school site on 12th Avenue, 17 September, page 4, column 3.

1900 School building site on 12th Avenue, 12 October, page 1, column 6.

1901 Architect S. E. Maxon of Skagway designs schoolhouse, 21 March, page 1, column 3.

1901 Maxon's plan for new school, 5 April, page 1, column 4.

1901 Bids for school, 14 April, page 4, column 2.

1901 Social evil discussed – problem with school being too near, 23 April, page 1, column 7.

1901 H. Higgins contractor for school, 30 April, page 1, column 4.

1901 New school building, 9 May, page 2, column 2.

1901 Contractor Palmberg to build new school building, 10 May, page 4, column 2.

1901 Work on new school, 17 May, page 1, column 6

1901 Description and diagrams of Skagway’s new school, 23 May, page 1, column 4.

1901 New school building, 2 June, page 4, column 3.

1901 School building – foundation to be redone, not up to standards, 6 June, page 1, column 5.

1901 More regarding school foundation, 7 June, page 1, column 5.

1901 More regarding school building foundation, 9 June, page 1, column 7.

1901 Liddicoat appoints new contractor for school, 14 June, page 1, column 3. 89

Daily Alaskan 1901 More regarding school building, 19 June, page 1, column 7.

1901 More on school building, 11 August, page 1, column 6.

1901 School building, 6 September, page 1, column 3.

1901 School Board to finish school, 18 September, page 4, column 3.

1901 School opens, 2 October, page 1, column 3.

1903 School opening delayed by cold, 30 January, page 1, column 4.

1903 Dyea fire bell placed in Skagway Public School, 14 April, page 4, column 3.

1903 City Council to move to old school on 6th Avenue [McCabe College], 25 August, page 2, column 3.

1903 Subscription started for school library needs, 30 August, page 2, column 3.

1903 New City Hall and Jail completed in old school, 17 October, page 2, column 1.

1907 Native Alaskans: 50 more schools urged by BIA Commissioner, 1 March, page 4, column 2.

1908 The Trail: first annual Skagway High School publication, 11 September, page 4, column 3.

1910 Fiscal report for two years published by School Board, 24 April, page 4, column 3.

The Churches in Skagway: The Union Church

Figure 73: The Union Church, looking south. Date: December 1897 (?) Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This photograph shows the front (or north elevation) of the Union Church probably shortly after it was completed. The man in front could be Canadian Presbyterian Minister Robert M. Dickey. Note 1: the lack of a boardwalk in front that shows up in later pictures. Note 2: the ground disturbance in front of where the boardwalk will probably be placed or where the water lines were placed. Note 3: the window on the right does not appear to have glass in it because of delays in shipping and / or a window breaking during construction. The glass shows up in the next picture. The foundation appears pretty typical – blocks of wood or wooden pilings. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Bernice L. Lebeau Collection, KLGO 32334, KLGO Digital Library. 91

Figure 74: "Revs. Dickey and Grant, Pres. Missionaries at Skagway en-route to [the] Klondike," looking southeast. Date: January 1898 Photographer: Eric A. Hegg (13) Remarks: The completed Union Church, in the background, was located on the south side of 5th Avenue between State and Main Streets. The view here shows the building’s north and west elevations. Credit: University of Washington, Eric A. Hegg Collection, Hegg 13A; KLGO Library 5th-21- 593.

Newspaper References: The Union Church

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Skagway News 1898 New church to be dedicated Sunday, Doctor R. M. Dickey, 15 July, page 2, column 3.

1898 Skagway's one church has services for 7 Denominations, 9 August, page 4, column 2.

1898 Efforts to finish church, school for winter, 14 October, page 3, column 5.

1898 Skagway Literary Club meets at Union Church, 9 December, page 3, column 4.

1898 History of Union Church, 16 December, page 1, column 6.

1899 F. A. Shorthill on Union Church building – history, 3 February, page 3, column 3.

Daily Alaskan 1900 School wins case and gets Union Church, 12 June, page 1, column 7.

1901 Christmas tree for Union Sunday School, 19 December, page 3, column 2.

The Churches in Skagway: First Presbyterian Church

Figure 75: The First Presbyterian Church / the YMCA Reading Room, looking northwest. Date: Summer 1902 Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley Remarks: The First Presbyterian Church, YMCA Reading Room and Presbyterian Manse are all located on the south side of 5th Avenue between State and Main streets. The YMCA Gymnasium is located directly behind the church and is not visible in this picture. The Union Church is the building at the extreme right. The Meyers Meat Market is located at the extreme left. View here is looking toward the southwest. The First Presbyterian Church is noted as being the “Presbyt’n Church” in the 1914 Sanborn Fire Insurance Map. The dwelling west of it (right) is the Presbyterian Manse (marked “D” for dwelling in the map as noted above. Credit: Yukon Archives, 5044; KLGO Library 5th-32-1205.

Figure 76: “The First Presbyterian Church and Manse established 1898,” looking southeast. Date: Summer 1902 Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley Remarks: The Presbyterian Church, YMCA Reading Room and Presbyterian Manse are all located on the south side of 5th Avenue between State and Main streets. The YMCA Gymnasium is located directly behind the church and can be seen off to the far right (arrow). The Meyers Meat Market is located at the extreme left. Credit: Yukon Archives, 4271; KLGO Library 5th-48-1343.

Figure 77: The First Presbyterian Church, looking due south. Date: Circa summer 1942-1944 Photographer: Richard Finnie, Bechtel-Price-Callahan Remarks: The north elevation of the former First Presbyterian Church and adjacent buildings located on the south side of 5th Avenue between State and Main Streets. The former Manse is to the west (right) while the Meyer Building is to the east (left). During World War II all manner of buildings, even former churches, were leased to the U. S. Military and civilian contractors to serve as offices, warehouses, or living quarters (Finnie 1945:58). Credit: Finnie 1945; KLGO Digital Library.

Newspaper References: the First Presbyterian Church and the YMCA

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Skagway News 1898 New church to be dedicated Sunday, Doctor R. M. Dickey, 15 July, page 2, column 3.

1898 Efforts to finish church, school for winter, 14 October, page 3, column 5.

1898 Baptist Services at YMCA tent, State Street, 14 October, page, 3, column 2.

1899 Local YMCA has about 1,000 members, 20 January, page 2, column 2.

1899 Skagway's large YMCA speaks volumes for law & order, 3, February, page 5, column 5.

Daily Alaskan 1899 YMCA, 25 May, page 4, column 7.

1899 YMCA costs and doings, 7 September, page 3, column 1.

1900 City of Detroit donates library to Skagway YMCA, 13 January, page 1, column 5.

1900 YMCA offices; President Judge Sehlerde, 31 January, page 4, column 2.

1900 YMCA meeting, 22 February, page 1, column 7.

1900 YMCA to build Gymnasium; mentions prior fire, 3 March, page 1, column 6:

1900 YMCA Gymnasium to go up at Presbyterian Church, 19 March, page 4, column 4.

1900 Fire in YMCA – Presbyterian Church building, 27 March, page 1, column 5.

1900 YMCA to build gym, temporarily use St. James Hotel, 28 March, page 4, column 3.

1900 YMCA forms Camera Club after Barley lecture, 31 March, page 4, column 3.

1900 YMCA let contract to G. N. Hensley for new gym, 5 April, page 4, column 6.

1900 Presbyterian Church under construction, 6 April, page 4, column 2.

1900 Presbyterian Church & YMCA use St. James Hotel, 6 April, page 4, column 6.

1900 YMCA gym frame up, 12 April, page 4, column 2.

1900 Stained glass windows going in Presbyterian Church, 3 May, page 4, column 3. 97

Daily Alaskan 1900 YMCA gym near complete, 5 May, page 4, column 1.

1900 YMCA gym – description, equipment, etc., 9 May, page 1, column 5.

1900 New Presbyterian Church described, 15 May, page 4, column 1.

1900 YMCA gym open, 6 July, page 4, column 4.

1900 YMCA troubles over enrolling Black soldiers, 16 August, page 1, column 3.

1901 YMCA building visitor's gallery at gym, 11 April, page 1, column 7.

1901 Improving YMCA gym, 19 April, page 4, column 4.

1901 Local YMCA closes, broke; avg. 100 members, now 55, 1 November, page 3, column 3.

1901 YMCA reading room open; gym closed, 2 November, page 1, column 4.

1901 Fire Department rents YMCA gym, 4 December, page 4, column 2.

1903 Col. Frederick of Salvation Army to talk at Presbyterian Church, 1 July, page 1, column 5.

1904 New green felt covered doors on Presbyterian Church, 28 January, page 1, column 3.

The Churches in Skagway: The Methodist-Episcopalian / Presbyterian Church

Figure 78: “1st M. E. Church, Skagway, Alaska,” looking southwest. Date: Circa winter 1907-1913 (Date based on photographer’s time in Skagway) Photographer: Horace H. Draper (Draper & Company) (473) Remarks: The Methodist-Episcopalian Church is located on the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The church was built in 1901 by the Methodist-Episcopalians. After a fire damaged most of the original First Presbyterian Church located on the south side of 5th Avenue, between State and Main streets in 1916, this building was sold to the Presbyterians and they used it as their church from then to this day (Brady 2013:242-243). Horace H. Draper and his partner William H. Case ran the photography studio Case & Draper out of Skagway from February 1898 to September 1907. The partnership dissolved in 1907 with Case moving down to Juneau and Draper staying in Skagway. Draper died on 14 August 1913. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Carolyn and Michael Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library.

Figure 79: The First Presbyterian, Union, and the Methodist-Episcopalian Churches – looking southwest. Date: Post winter 1916 (?) Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This photograph looking down 5th Avenue from State Street shows (from left to right) the First Presbyterian Church, the Union Church, and in the distance at the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street, the Methodist-Episcopalian Church. The Methodist- Episcopalian Church is now the First Presbyterian Church. The Presbyterians purchased the church from the Methodists in 1916 after a fire damaged the original Presbyterian Church. By the time of this photograph, both the original First Presbyterian Church and the Union Church were probably no longer used as churches. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Candy Waugaman Collection, KLGO Library 5th-95-8858.

100

Figure 80: The Methodist-Episcopalian Church, looking northwest. Date: Circa winter 1901 Photographer: Unknown Remarks: The Methodist-Episcopalian Church is located on the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. The church was built in 1901 by the Methodist-Episcopalians. This photograph must have been taken quite early in Skagway’s existence as Main Street still has a tree stump in the middle of it. After a fire damaged most of the original First Presbyterian Church located on the south side of 5th Avenue, between State and Main Streets in 1916, this building was sold to the Presbyterians and they used it as their church from then to this day (Brady 2013:242-243). The three-story building in the background is the Fifth Avenue Hotel located on the northwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Robert B. Royal Collection, KLGO Digital Library.

101

Figure 81: The Methodist/Presbyterian Church – looking southwest. Date: Circa summer 1993 Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: The First Presbyterian Church is located on the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. This building as a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999):

 Contributing Resource 33: Methodist/Presbyterian Church, 1901. Basement plus one and one-half story wood frame, gable roof, clapboard, historic square wood and fish scale shingle siding, modified palladian window with fan light recessed in Moorish or equilateral arch, square-turreted tower with pyramidal spire, dentil molding (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:6).

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library D- 1990-PB-1-5771. 102

Figure 82: The Methodist/Presbyterian Church – looking southwest. Date: 13 June 2004, 10:22 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: The first Presbyterian Church is located on the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. This building as a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999):

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library. 103

Figure 83: The Methodist/Presbyterian Church – looking southwest. Date: 18 June 2014, 10:01 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO. Remarks: The first Presbyterian Church is located on the southwest corner of 5th Avenue and Main Street. This building as a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999):

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

104

Newspaper References: The Methodist-Episcopalian Church

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Skagway News 1899 Methodist revival in town, 27 January, page 5, column 4.

1899 Four week revival ends, 10 December, page 4, column 7.

Daily Alaskan 1901 Talk of building Methodist Church, now in McCabe College, 23 February, page 4, column 6.

1901 Methodists building church; Liddicoat, architect, 9 August, page 3, column 2.

1901 New Methodist Church, 18 August, page 4, column 3.

1901 Methodist Church near complete, 31 October, page 1, column 7.

1901 Methodist Church dedication December 22, 8 December, page 3, column 1.

1901 Methodist Church done, 15 December, page 1, column 2.

1901 M. E. Church dedicated, 24 December, page 3, column 1.

1902 Prosperous Methodist – cut of church, 5 January, page 2, column 3.

1903 Rev. Parsons coming for Methodist Church, 1 December, page 1, column 7.

1904 Organ for Methodist Church, 24 October, page 4, column 2.

1910 Meeting notices for Catholic, St. Saviour's and Methodist Churches, 1 July, page 4, column 3.

105

The Churches in Skagway: The Baptist Church

Figure 84: “Baptist Church, Skaguay,” looking southeast. Date: August 1899 Photographer: Eric A. Hegg (W&S 186.a) Remarks: The Baptist Church was located on the southwest corner of 4th Avenue and Main Street. According to the Daily Alaskan newspaper it was built in May-June 1899. Note the ladder on the side which may indicates some recent work (painting?) is occurring on the building. The Parsonage, which does not seem to be in evidence here, was built in 1900. Later the church became a Christian Science Church and was gone by 1948. The pile of dirt in Main Street may be due to water pipe installation. Credit: Yukon Archives, Eric A. Hegg Fonds, 2659; KLGO Library MA-8-2624.

106

Figure 85: Baptist Church, looking southwest. Date: Circa 1902 Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley Remarks: The Baptist Church was located on the southwest corner of 4th Avenue and Main Street. Later it later became the Christian Science Church and was gone by 1948. The Parsonage was built in 1900 and this photograph may show that building off to the extreme left. Credit: Yukon Archives, H. C. Barley Fonds, 5004; KLGO Library PB-53-8075.

107

Figure 86: The First Church of Christ Scientists, looking southwest. Date: Summer 1925 Photographer: Keystone-Mast Caption: “First Church of Christ Scientists, Skagway, Alaska” Remarks: The former Baptist Church (in this photograph it is noted as being the Christian Science Church) was located on the southwest corner of 4th Avenue and Main Street. The Parsonage, directly south of the church, was built in 1900 and shows here next to the church. The Parsonage appears to be unpainted. Credit: University of California, Riverside, Keystone-Mast Collection, KU48174; KLGO Library PB-47-7524.

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Newspaper References: The Baptist Church

Note 1: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Note 2: The Christian Science Church possibly came in after the Daily Alaskan newspaper shut down in 1924 and that may be the reason it is not mentioned in this section.

Skagway News 1898 Baptist Services at YMCA tent, State Street, 14 October, page 3, column 2.

Daily Alaskan 1899 Bids requested for building Baptist Church, 10 May, page 1, column 5.

1899 Work begun on Baptist Church – 4th Avenue & Main Street, 27 May, page 4, column 2.

1900 Baptists building parsonage at rear of church, 21 September, page 1, column 3.

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The Churches in Skagway: St. Saviour’s Episcopal Church

Figure 87: St. Saviour’s Episcopal Church, Skagway, Alaska, looking southwest. Date: Unknown Photographer: Dedman Photo Shop Remarks: St. Saviour’s Episcopal Church was located between the northwest corner of State Street and the alleyway between 8th and 9th Avenues. The Church was built in September- October 1900 while the Parsonage was built in June 1901. At a much later date it became the Assembly of God Church. Credit: Skagway Museum, Dedman Collection, KLGO Library PB-23-986. 110

Figure 88: The Assembly of God Church, looking northwest Date: 3 June 1961 Photographer: Charles W. Snell / NPS-WASO (2510) Remarks: The former St. Saviour’s Episcopal Church is now the Assembly of God Church (note sign). It was located between the southwest corner of 8th Avenue and State Street and the alleyway between 8th and 9th Avenues. Exactly when the Episcopal Church became the Assembly of God church is unknown. This church apparently was torn down around 1966. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library ST-11-5000.

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Newspaper References: The St. Saviour’s Episcopal Church

Note 1: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Note 2: St. Saviour’s Episcopalian Church has also been spelled St. Saviours’ Episcopalian Church and St. Savior’s Church in historical records.

Note 3: The Assembly of God Church appears to have come into Skagway in more recent times and that may be the reason it is not mentioned in this section because the Daily Alaskan shut down in 1924.

Daily Alaskan 1900 Plans for new Episcopal Church, Bishop Rowe Hospital, 23 March, page 1, column 7.

1900 New Episcopal Church to be built at 8th Avenue & State Street, 5 September, page 4, column 3.

1900 Work begun on Episcopal Church, 8th Avenue & State Street, 22 September, page 1, column 5.

1900 Contractor Hensley building Episcopal Church, 31 October, page 4, column 3.

1901 Episcopal Church, Bishop Rowe, etc., 8 January, page 3, column 1.

1901 Episcopal Parsonage nearly complete at 8th Avenue & State Street, 21 June, page 4, column 4.

1903 Lee Guthrie footing the bill for landscaping at St. Saviour’s, 1 May, page 1, column 7.

1908 St. Saviour's Episcopal Church to reopen after long time, 10 July, page 3, column 3.

1910 Arrival of Ross Turman to fill pulpit at St. Saviour’s, 10 June, page 4, column 3.

1910 Meeting notices for Catholic, St. Saviour's and Methodist Churches, 1 July, page 4, column 3.

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The Churches in Skagway: St. Mark’s Roman Catholic Church

Figure 89: St. Mark’s “Catholic Church, Skagway, Alaska,” and Rectory, looking northeast Date: Circa summer 1913 – 1918 Photographer: Louis H. Pederson (LHP) (967) Remarks: This photograph shows the south elevations of St. Mark’s Church and Rectory located on the north side of Fifth Avenue, just east of Broadway. Note the boardwalk appears to be disused and elevated while the Rectory is set back on the lot. Date is based on Pederson’s approximate arrival in and departure from Skagway. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Candy Waugaman Collection, KLGO Library PB-60-8962. 113

Figure 90: “St. Mark’s Catholic Church, Skagway, Alaska,” looking northwest. Date: Circa summer 1910s Photographer: Dedman’s Photo Shop (?) Remarks: This photograph shows the south and a small portion of the elevations of St. Mark’s Church located on the north side of 5th Avenue, just east of Broadway. The church and rectory was demolished in August 1952. Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Carolyn and Michael Nore Collection, KLGO Digital Library. 114

Figure 91: St. Mark’s Roman Catholic Church and Rectory, looking northeast. Date: 25 August 1952 Photographer: Dedman Photo Shop Remarks: This photograph taken from across 5th Avenue shows the south and portions of the west elevations of St. Mark’s Church and Rectory. This is demolition day for both buildings although the complete destruction of both buildings and the removal of the debris probably took several days. Credit: Skagway Museum, Dedman Collection, 855; KLGO Digital Library.

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Newspaper References: St. Mark’s Roman Catholic Church

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Daily Alaskan 1903 Father Turnell to have residence built just east …, 12 May, page 1, column 5.

1903 Catholic parsonage moved in place "to make room,” 16 August, page 3, column 2.

1908 Father Turnell to return to Skagway, 2 June, page 1, column 5.

1910 Meeting notices for Catholic, St. Saviour's and Methodist Churches, 1 July, page 4, column 3.

1910 Father Turnell here; he christened Charles Cartwright, 28 July, page 4, column 2.

1916 Father Turnell performs a marriage, 9 October, page 4, column 3.

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Residences: Case/Mulvihill House

Figure 92: Case/Mulvihill House, looking northwest Date: 3 July 1961 Photographer: Charles W. Snell, NPS-WASO Remarks: This is the Case/Mulvihill House, located on the northeast corner of 7th Avenue and Alaska Street. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

 Contributing Resource 54: Case/Mulvihill House, 1904. Vernacular, one-story plus attic, clapboard and various styles of wood shingle siding, multi gable roof with returns, flared eaves, pyramidal roof turret, bay window. (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:7).

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library R- 39-5008. 117

Figure 93: Case/Mulvihill House, looking northwest Date: 14 June 2004 10:03 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This is the Case/Mulvihill House, located on the northeast corner of 7th Avenue and Alaska Street. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library. 118

Figure 94: Case/Mulvihill House, looking northwest Date: 18 June 2014 10:16 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This is the Case/Mulvihill House, located on the northeast corner of 7th Avenue and Alaska Street. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

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Newspaper References: Case & Draper photographers

Note: This list of newspaper articles from local newspapers should in no way be considered complete and has not been double checked for accuracy.

Morning Alaskan 1898 Peiser, Case & Draper advertise for Soapy Smith photos, 19 July, page 3, column 1.

Skagway News 1898 Case & Draper moved to a large tent west of hotel, 14 October, page 3, column 2.

Daily Alaska 1900 Case & Draper photograph the Skagway bar, 28 March, page 4, column 3.

1900 YMCA Camera Club meeting at Case & Draper, 13 April, page 1, column 7.

1900 Camera Club – W. H. Case, president, H. C. Barley, treasurer, 14 April, page 4, column 3.

1900 H. P. Winter hires on with Case & Draper, 22 July, page 4, column 5.

1901 Photographer Winter of Case & Draper to photo all…, 8 January, page 1, column 6.

1901 Case & Draper take shot of firemen in front of hospital, 4 June, page 2, column 2.

1901 Case & Draper place photo exhibit on sidewalk, 23 August, page 1, column 5.

1901 Commerce Saloon hung picture of Fire Department by Case & Draper, 3 October, page 4, column 1.

1902 Hegg, Barley, Case & Draper photo fame in Britain, 12 February, page 1, column 5.

1902 Case & Draper complete 4' X 5' photo, 20 June, page 3, column 3.

1902 Big advertisements – H. C. Barley selling out sale; Case & Draper, 27 August, page 3, column 3.

1903 H. H. Draper bought Patterson property, 10th Avenue & State, 25 July, page 4, column 1.

1907 Case & Draper partnership dissolved "by mutual consent," 13 September, page 4, column 2.

1913 Draper & Company [on Broadway] business property for sale, 28 September, page 3, column 6.

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Residences: Nye/Roehr House

Figure 95: Nye/Roehr House, looking northwest Date: Circa 1900s Photographer: Unknown Remarks: This is the Nye/Roehr House, located on the north side of 7th Avenue between Main and Alaska Streets. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

 Contributing Resource 53: Nye/Roehr House, ca. 1900. One-story plus attic, fish scale shingle and clapboard siding, multi-gable roof, bay window with brackets, two story bay window, pyramidal roof and pinnacle with crockets. Historic stable recently attached to house (Houston, Norris and Cole 1999:7).

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, Candy Waugaman Collection, KLGO Library R-65-8959.

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Figure 96: Nye/Roehr House, looking west Date: Summer 1902 Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley Remarks: This is the Nye/Roehr House, located on the north side of 7th Avenue between Main and Alaska Streets. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: Yukon Archives, 5053; KLGO Library R-24-2637. 122

Figure 97: Nye/Roehr House, looking northeast Date: Summer 1902 Photographer: Harrie Clay Barley Remarks: This is the Nye/Roehr House, located on the north side of 7th Avenue between Main and Alaska Streets. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: Yukon Archives, 5054; KLGO Library R-25-2638.

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Figure 98: Nye/Roehr House, looking northwest Date: 3 July 1961 Photographer: Charles W. Snell, NPS-WASO Remarks: This is the Nye/Roehr House, located on the north side of 7th Avenue between Main and Alaska Streets. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Library R- 40-5009. 124

Figure 99: Nye/Roehr House, looking northwest Date: 28 June 2004 10:03 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This is the Nye/Roehr House, located on the north side of 7th Avenue between Main and Alaska Streets. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library. 125

Figure 100: Nye/Roehr House, looking northeast Date: 18 June 2014 10:16 AM Photographer: David H. Curl, NPS-KLGO Remarks: This is the Nye/Roehr House, located on the north side of 7th Avenue between Main and Alaska Streets. The building is a Contributing Resource to the Skagway and White Pass District National Historic Landmark.

Credit: National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park, KLGO Digital Library.

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Photograph Contact Information:

Alaska State Library – Alaska Historical Collections, (AKA Alaska Historical Library) Address: 395 Whittier Street, Juneau, AK 99801; Phone: (907) 465-2901, Fax: (907) 465-2151; Email: [email protected]; URL: http://library.state.ak.us/hist/hist.html. Finding Aids: http://library.alaska.gov/hist/online_resources/online_resources.html Digital Library: Available via Alaska’s Digital Archives http://vilda.alaska.edu/ Alaska’s Digital Archives is an online repository for many Alaska archives, libraries and museums. To search the collections of one organization, enter a search term in the general search and then select the institution(s) in the left hand column.

Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center, Atwood Resource Center Address: Anchorage Museum, 625 C Street, Anchorage, AK 99501; Phone: (907) 929-9235, Fax: (907) 929-9233; Email: [email protected]; URL: http://www.anchoragemuseum.org Finding Aids: https://www.anchoragemuseum.org/collections/archives/collections/ Digital Library: Available via Alaska’s Digital Archives http://vilda.alaska.edu/ Alaska’s Digital Archives is an online repository for many Alaska archives, libraries and museums. To search the collections of one organization, enter a search term in the general search and then select the institution(s) in the left hand column.

Clallam County Historical Society Address: 207 South Lincoln Street, P. O. Box 1327, Port Angeles, WA 98362 Phone: (360) 452-2662 URL: http://www.clallamhistoricalsociety.com/

Dawson City Museum & Historical Society Address: P.O. Box 303, Dawson City, YT, Y0B 1G0, CANADA Phone: (867) 993-5291, Fax: (867) 993-5839 Email: [email protected] URL: http://dawsonmuseum.ca/ Digital Library: http://dawsonmuseum.ca/archives/photoarchives/

Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division Address: Room LM 337, Madison Bldg., 101 Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20540; Phone: (202) 707-6394, Fax: (202) 707-6647; URL: http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/print/, Digital Library: http://www.loc.gov/pictures/ ~OR~ Library of Congress, Duplication Services Address: 101 Independence Avenue, S E, Washington, DC 20540; Phone: (202) 707-5640, Fax: (202) 707-1771; Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.loc.gov/duplicationservices/

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Minnesota Historical Society, Gale Family Library Address: 345 W. Kellogg Boulevard, St. Paul, MN 55102-1906 Phone: (651) 259-3000, Fax: (651) 297-7436 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.mnhs.org Digital Library: http://sites.mnhs.org/library/content/photograph-collection

Museum of History & Industry, Sophie Frye Bass Library (Partners: Historical Society of Seattle & King County Puget Sound Maritime Historical Society) Address: 860 Terry Avenue N. Seattle, WA 98109 Phone: (206) 324-1126, Fax: (206) 324-1346 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.mohai.org/ Digital Library: http://www.mohai.org/research/photo-archive-search

National Archives and Records Administration, Still Picture Reference Address: Room 5360, National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740 Phone: (301) 837-0561, Fax: (301) 837-3621 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.archives.gov/research/order/ Digital Library: http://www.archives.gov/research/search/

National Park Service, Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park (Alaska Units) Address: Second & Broadway, PO Box 517, Skagway, AK 99840-0517 Phone: (907) 983-9200 (General), (907) 983-9214 (Park Historian), Fax: (907) 983-9249 Email: [email protected] (Park Historian); URL: http://www.nps.gov/klgo/index.htm Digital Library: http://www.nps.gov/klgo/photosmultimedia/photogallery.htm

Sitka Historical Society & Museum (formerly: Isabel Miller Museum) Address: 330 Harbor Drive, Sitka, AK 99835 Phone: (907) 747-6455, Fax: (907) 747-6588 URL: http://sitkahistory.org/

Skagway Museum (formerly: Trail of '98 Museum) Address: 7th Avenue and Spring Street (700 Spring Street), P.O. Box 521, Skagway, AK 99840 Phone: (907) 983-2420, Fax: (907) 983-3420; Email: [email protected]; URL: http://www.skagway.org/

United States Forest Service, Alaska Regional Office (Region 10) Address: 709 W 9th Street, PO Box 21628, Juneau, AK 99802-1628; Phone: (907) 586-8806 URL: http://www.fs.usda.gov/r10

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University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, Alaska & Polar Regions Collections Address: 310 Tanana Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775 Phone: (907) 474-6594, Fax: (907) 474-6365 Email: [email protected] URL: http://library.uaf.edu/apr Digital Library: Available via Alaska’s Digital Archives http://vilda.alaska.edu/ Alaska’s Digital Archives is an online repository for many Alaska archives, libraries and museums. To search the collections of one organization, enter a search term in the general search and then select the institution(s) in the left hand column.

University of California, Riverside / California Museum of Photography Address: University of California, 3824 Main Street, Riverside, CA 92501 Phone: (951) 827-4787, Fax: (951) 827-4797 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.cmp.ucr.edu/

University of Washington Libraries, Special Collections Division Address: P. O. Box 352900, Seattle, WA 98195; Phone: (206) 543-1929, Fax: (206) 543-1931; Email: [email protected] or [email protected], URL: http://www.lib.washington.edu/specialcollections/ Digital Library: http://content.lib.washington.edu/cgi-bin/advsearch.exe Panorama Photographs: http://content.lib.washington.edu/panoramweb/

Vancouver Public Library, Special Collections Address: 350 West Georgia Street, Vancouver, BC, V6B 6B1, CANADA Phone: (604) 331-3776, Fax: (604) 331-3777 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.vpl.vancouver.bc.ca Digital Library: http://www3.vpl.vancouver.bc.ca/spe/histphotos/

Washington State Historical Society, Research Center Address: 315 Stadium Way, Tacoma, WA 98403 Phone: 1-888-238-4373 (Toll Free) or (253) 798-5914, Fax: (253) 597-4186 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.wshs.org/ Digital Library: http://collections.washingtonhistory.org/

Yukon Archives Address: 400 College Drive, P. O. Box 2703, Whitehorse, YT, Y1A 2C6, CANADA; Phone: (867) 667-5321, Toll Free (in Yukon) 1-800-661-0408, Fax: (867) 393-6253; Email: [email protected]; URL: www.yukonarchives.ca Digital Library: http://yukondigitallibrary.ca/ (general) http://www.tc.gov.yk.ca/digitization/public/index.php# (photos)

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References:

Alaska State Library Historical Collections 2001 Guide to the Skinner Foundation Collection, PCA 044. Found on-line at http://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/finding_aids/PCA044photos.pdf (last accessioned 27 February 2017.

Alaska State Library Historical Collections 2002 Guide to the Paul Sincic Photograph Collection, ca. 1898-1915, PCA 075. Found on-line at http://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/finding_aids/PCA075.pdf (last accessioned 27 February 2017.

Alaska State Library Historical Collections 2014 Guide to the William E. Hunt Photograph Collection, ca. 1900-1910, PCA 155. Found on-line at http://library.alaska.gov/hist/hist_docs/finding_aids/PCA155.pdf (last accessioned 27 February 2017.

Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center 2014 Guide to the Don Ingalls Postcard Collection, ca 1886-1977, B1988.003. Found on-line at https://www.anchoragemuseum.org/media/2748/b1988_003_guide.pdf (last accessioned 27 February 2017.

Brady, Jeff 1990 Historic Pullen House is destroyed. Skagway News, 21 December.

Brady, Jeff (writer, compiler and editor) 2013 Skagway: City of the New Century. The True Story of Skagway, Alaska including the White Pass, Dyea, and the Chilkoot Trail. Historical Features and Photographs. Skagway, AK: Lynn Canal Publishing.

Dawson City Museum 2017 Guide to Accession Number: 1984.31.20, Fifth Avenue Hotel, Skagway. Found on-line at http://www.dawsonmuseum.ca/photoarchives/?photo=2113&q=skagway&page=1 (last accessioned 27 February 2017.

Dedman-Kalen, Barbara (Interviewer by Karen Brewster) 2009 National Park Service, Skagway Oral History Project, Skagway, Alaska (5 December).

Ferguson, Maria. L. (Mrs.) 1901 Dawson, Yukon Territory and Alaska Directory and Gazetteer. Los Angeles, CA (?).

Finnie, Richard 1945 CANOL The sub-Arctic Pipeline and Refinery Project constructed by Bechtel-Price- Callahan for the Corps of Engineers, United States Army 1942-1944. San Francisco, CA: Ryder & Ingram, Publishers. 130

Gates, Michael 2010 History Hunting In the Yukon. Madeira Park, BC: Harbour Publishing Company, Limited.

Gurcke, Karl 2016a Martin Itjen and his Skagway Street Cars; a Historic Photo Essay (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Gurcke, Karl 2016b The Pullen House Complex (1899); a Historic Photo Essay (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Gurcke, Karl 2016c St. Mark’s Church (Site): a Photographic Site History (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Gurcke, Karl 2017a The Golden North Hotel (1898): a Historic Photo Essay (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Gurcke, Karl 2017b The Churches of Skagway, Alaska; a Historic Photo Essay (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Gurcke, Karl 2017c McCabe College / Federal Courthouse (1899); a Historic Photo Essay (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Gurcke, Karl 2017d The Red Onion Saloon (1898); a Historic Photo Essay (draft). Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Houston, Bonnie S., Frank Norris and Terrence Cole 1999 Skagway Historic District and White Pass National Historic Landmark, National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Registration Form. Anchorage, AK: National Park Service.

Kardatzke, Tim 2002 Archeological Investigations in Skagway, Alaska. Volume 9: Excavations at the Pantheon Saloon Complex. Skagway, AK: National Park Service.

Muhvihill, Carl E. 2016 Personal Communication. Subject: The 5th Avenue Hotel used as a quarantine center during the influenza endemic of 1918, 4 November.

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Norris, Frank B. 1996 Legacy of the Gold Rush: An Administrative History of Klondike Gold Rush National Historical Park. Anchorage, AK: National Park Service.

Spude, Robert L. 1983 Skagway, District of Alaska 1884-1912. Building the Gateway to the Klondike. Occasional Paper No. 36. Fairbanks, AK: University of Alaska, Cooperative Park Studies Unit.

Spude, Catherine H., with contributions by Karl Gurcke, Gwen Hurst, and David Huelsbeck 2006 Archeological Investigations in Skagway, Alaska. Volume 10: The Mascot Saloon. Skagway, AK: National Park Service.