Brooklyn Nets: Como O Time Da NBA Usou a Comunicação Para Criar Uma Nova Identidade Ao Mudar De Cidade

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Brooklyn Nets: Como O Time Da NBA Usou a Comunicação Para Criar Uma Nova Identidade Ao Mudar De Cidade UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE JUIZ DE FORA FACULDADE DE COMUNICAÇÃO SOCIAL Brooklyn Nets: Como o time da NBA usou a Comunicação para criar uma nova identidade ao mudar de cidade Juiz de Fora Fevereiro de 2014 Guylherme Morais Goulart Barbosa Brooklyn Nets: Como o time da NBA usou a Comunicação para criar uma nova identidade ao mudar de cidade Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como requisito para obtenção de Grau de Bacharel em Comunicação Social na Faculdade de Comunicação Social da UFJF Orientador: Prof. Márcio de Oliveira Guerra Juiz de Fora Fevereiro de 2014 Guylherme Morais Goulart Barbosa Brooklyn Nets: Como o time da NBA usou a Comunicação para criar uma nova identidade ao mudar de cidade Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso apresentado como requisito para obtenção de Grau de Bacharel em Comunicação Social na Faculdade de Comunicação Social da UFJF Orientador: Prof. Márcio de Oliveira Guerra Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso aprovado em 06/02/2014 pela banca composta pelos seguintes membros: ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Márcio de Oliveira Guerra(UFJF) – Orientador ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Ms. Alvaro Eduardo Trigueiro Americano (UFJF) – Convidado ___________________________________________________________ Prof. Ms. Ricardo Bedendo (UFJF) – Convidado Conceito Obtido: _______________________________ Juiz de Fora Setembro de 2013 AGRADECIMENTO Primeiramente a Deus, que me deu a oportunidade que muitos queriam ter e permitiu que eu alcançasse meu objetivo. Aos meus pais e irmã que tanto me apoiaram não apenas nesses pouco mais de quatro anos, mas durante toda a minha vida e em todas as minhas decisões. Aos grandes amigos que nunca pensei que fosse encontrar em Juiz de Fora e que tornaram essa jornada mais fácil. Não poderia deixar de agradecer à Secom, Forum da Cultura e Vôlei UFJF por terem me ensinado o jornalismo de uma maneira que eu não aprenderia apenas dentro de sala de aula. Agradeço também à Hungria pela melhor experiência da minha vida, ao pessoal do Brooklyn Nets pela atenção em fornecer as informações que eu precisava e um agradecimento especial à Brunqs pela ajuda na tradução da entrevista do inglês para o português e vice-versa. E, é claro, aos professores: Márcio Guerra, pela paciência e ajuda na orientação desse trabalho; e Álvaro Americano e Ricardo Bedendo por terem aceitado o convite para a minha banca. Deus abençoe a todos vocês! RESUMO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo mostrar e analisar o caminho percorrido pelo Brooklyn Nets, equipe que disputa a principal liga de basquete do mundo, a NBA, para criar uma nova identidade ao sair de Nova Jérsei para o Brooklyn no ano de 2012. Para isso, é preciso conceituar identidade, marca e marketing de uma maneira associada ao esporte. Autores como Stuart Hall, Philip Kotler, Irving Rein e outros nos ajudam a compreender melhor esses conceitos. A história do basquete, sua criação e popularização, o surgimento das ligas americanas e dos Nets também são abordados. Palavras-chave: Brooklyn Nets, NBA, basquete, identidade, marca, marketing esportivo. SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................... 07 2 O BASQUETEBOL ........................................................................................................ 10 2.1 HISTÓRIA ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 O BASQUETE NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS .................................................................... 12 2.3 O BROOKLYN NETS ................................................................................................... 15 3 IDENTIDADE ................................................................................................................. 19 3.1 CONCEITO DE IDENTIDADE..................................................................................... 19 3.2 A IDENTIDADE NO ESPORTE ................................................................................... 21 4 MARKETING ESPORTIVO ......................................................................................... 27 4.1 CONCEITOS E FERRAMENTAS ................................................................................ 31 4.2 O QUINTO P DO MARKETING ESPORTIVO ............................................................ 38 5 DE NEW JERSEY PARA O BROOKLYN: O CAMINHO DOS NETS ...................... 41 5.1 UM MISTO DE SENSAÇÕES ...................................................................................... 44 5.2 PASSO A PASSO DA CAMPANHA DOS NETS ......................................................... 46 5.3 O BROOKLYKNIGHT ................................................................................................. 52 6 CONCLUSÃO ................................................................................................................. 54 7 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ........................................................................... 57 8 APÊNDICE 7 1 INTRODUÇÃO Presente em mais de 200 países1, o basquete é um dos esportes mais populares do mundo. Criado por James Naismith em 1891, o que era para ser apenas uma opção às “chatas” aulas de ginástica que aconteciam durante o inverno tomou proporções gigantescas, tomou o coração de pessoas do mundo inteiro e hoje movimenta milhões de dólares com transmissões de TV, venda de artigos esportivos e afins. Nos Estados Unidos, berço desse esporte, as pequenas ligas criadas no início dos anos 1940 (e que quase fracassaram por falta de popularidade) cresceram e formaram a principal liga do mundo atual, a NBA (North Basketball Association). Os times viraram franquias e passaram a assumir o papel de empresas, procurando melhores condições de sobrevivência e maneiras de fortalecer as suas marcas. O Brooklyn Nets, equipe do conhecido condado do estado de Nova Iorque e objeto de estudo desse trabalho, é um ótimo exemplo para essa afirmação. Nascido em Nova Iorque no fim dos anos 1960 sobre o nome de New York Americans, se viu obrigado a mudar de cidade para sobreviver e trocou até de nome para tentar conseguir mais fãs. Porém, ao final da primeira década, mais problemas financeiros, venda da franquia para um bilionário russo e a decisão de mudança de volta para Nova Iorque, mas dessa vez para o Brooklyn. Uma nova marca e identidade eram necessárias para que a transição fosse bem sucedida e todo esse processo foi o que estimulou o presente trabalho. 1 Dado da Federação Internacional de Basquetebol (Fiba) 8 Sendo uma das equipes fundadoras da liga rival da NBA, a ABA (American Basketball Association), os Nets migraram para a principal liga de basquete do país nos anos 70 e não eram um time de muito destaque até chegar a década de 90. Na virada do século XXI, início dos anos 2000, a franquia viveu os seus melhores dias chegando a duas finais da competição nacional. Stuart Hall (2006) argumenta que antes um indivíduo tinha uma identidade unificada e estável, mas hoje o sujeito é composto por várias identidades diferentes e a tendência é a fragmentação. Algo que pode ser facilmente associado ao distrito do Brooklyn, conhecido por sua diversidade cultural e características próprias. Em entrevista concedida especialmente para esse trabalho, a gerente sênior de marketing do Brooklyn Nets, Eric Cauthen, afirmou que o Brooklyn é “especial e único comparado a outras cidades de várias maneiras grandiosas”, o que corrobora a afirmação anterior. No esporte, ter a sua marca reconhecida e valorizada vai além do resultado de quadra, campo ou pista. É necessário aproveitar os momentos proporcionados pelas atuações da equipe para atrair o torcedor e criar um relacionamento duradouro de confiança. Alguns dos autores que veremos a seguir, como Kotler, Rein e Shields (2008), afirmam que a criação de marcas nos esportes é uma consequência inevitável se levarmos em consideração o nível de concorrência a que chegou o mercado e a necessidade de reagir às mudanças de expectativas exigências do torcedor. Para entender melhor esse processo, é preciso ver como funciona o marketing e suas ferramentas. O conhecido modelo de 4P‟s do composto de marketing (Produto, Preço, Praça e Promoção), ganha mais um P ao ser adaptado para o que Melo Neto (2013) chama de “novo marketing esportivo vivencial e experimental”, o P da Paixão. 9 Atualmente, a torcida dos Nets no Brooklyn não é uma das mais apaixonadas da liga. Esse título pertence a equipes mais tradicionais como Boston Celtics, Los Angeles Lakers e Chicago Bulls. Mas isso é algo que Cauthen e sua equipe têm tentado mudar através do marketing da franquia (e estão conseguindo). Ao longo do trabalho veremos autores renomados nacional e mundialmente como Philip Kotler, Stuart Hall e Francisco Paulo de Melo Neto para entender de uma maneira mais profunda a comunicação, o marketing esportivo e, mais especificamente o Brooklyn Nets e sua nova identidade, que começou a ser trabalhada antes mesmo de a equipe se mudar de Nova Jersei após 35 anos. Porém, antes de tudo, é preciso também entender como surgiu o basquete, as ligas americanas e, é claro, o New York Americans, “nome de batismo” dos Nets, como citado anteriormente. Histórias essas que são contadas com o auxílio do jornalista esportivo brasileiro Orlando Duarte e os portais oficiais da NBA e dos Nets na internet. Esperamos que, ao final desse trabalho, possamos compreender melhor como essa equipe do basquetebol norte-americano utilizou as ferramentas
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