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For Your Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Patients

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For Your Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) Patients For your acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients The first 24 hours are critical when t-PA therapy is administered1-3 Close observation and frequent monitoring of patients for neurologic changes, any signs/symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage, and any signs of adverse drug reactions are important in patient recovery Use the t-PA Checklist as a guide in tracking your patients’ needs1-3 During t-PA therapy Post t-PA therapy Perform neurologic assessments Continue to monitor for A full NIHSS assessment should be performed on the patient neurologic deterioration upon admission. Every 15 minutes for the first hour after the Repeat every 15 minutes during the 1-hour infusion to infusion is stopped monitor for neurologic deterioration Every 30 minutes for the next 6 hours Hourly from the eighth postinfusion hour Check for major and/or minor bleeding Assess urine, nares, gums, skin, stool, and emesis. until 24 hours after the infusion was stopped Major bleeding: intracranial, retroperitoneal, Continue to check for major gastrointestinal, or genitourinary hemorrhages and/or minor bleeding Minor bleeding: gums, venipuncture sites, hematuria, Continue to monitor and hemoptysis, skin hematomas, or ecchymosis control blood pressure Arterial and venous punctures should be minimized Every 15 minutes for the first hour after and checked frequently the infusion is stopped Every 30 minutes for the next 6 hours Monitor blood pressure every 15 minutes during the 1-hour infusion Hourly from the eighth postinfusion hour Increase the frequency of blood pressure measurements until 24 hours after the infusion was stopped if systolic blood pressure is ≥180 mm Hg or if diastolic Obtain a follow-up CT scan blood pressure is ≥105 mm Hg; administer antihypertensive or MRI at 24 hours before starting medications to maintain blood pressure at or below anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents these levels — Adapted from the American Heart Discontinue infusion and obtain an emergency Association/American Stroke Association CT scan if the patient develops changes in level of (AHA/ASA) and American Association of consciousness, deterioration of neurologic status, Neuroscience Nurses (AANN) Guidelines. severe headache, pupillary changes, nausea/vomiting, or acute hypertension If any complications occur, immediately inform the attending physician or neurologist. NIHSS=National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Professional organizations support treatment with Activase Alteplase (t-PA)1,3 The AHA/ASA support Activase (t-PA) use in eligible AIS patients within 3 hours of symptom onset 2007 AHA/ASA Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke continues to give Activase (t-PA) a Class I, Level of Evidence A recommendation Note: Each of these guidelines or policy statements represents only 1 possible approach to the treatment of eligible AIS patients. Each healthcare practitioner and institution will need to exercise professional judgment in creating or adopting treatment protocols or guidelines, as well as in the treatment of each individual patient. Class I=conditions for which there is evidence for and/or general agreement that the procedure or treatment is useful and effective. Level of Evidence A=data derived from multiple randomized clinical trials. References: 1. Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2007;38(5):1655-1711. 2. Summers D, Leonard A, Wentworth D, et al. Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary care of the acute ischemic stroke patient: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009;40(8):2911-2944. 3. American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. Guide to the Care of the Hospitalized Patient With Ischemic Stroke. 2nd ed. Glenview, IL: American Association of Neuroscience Nurses; 2009. www.activase.com Please see indication and Important Safety Information on reverse side. The t-PA Checklist1,2 Fill in the appropriate boxes for each AIS patient during and upon completion of t-PA infusion. Perform neurologic assessments: unchanged (u); improving (i); deteriorating (d) Every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours after start of infusion Minutes: 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 Chart time: Neurologic assessment: Every 30 minutes for the next 6 hours after infusion Minutes: 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 Chart time: Neurologic assessment: Hourly until 24 hours after infusion Hours: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Chart time: Neurologic assessment: Monitor blood pressure (BP): Every 15 minutes for the first 2 hours after start of infusion Minutes: 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 Chart time: BP: Every 30 minutes for the next 6 hours after infusion Minutes: 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360 390 420 450 480 Chart time: BP: Hourly until 24 hours after infusion Hours: 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Chart time: BP: Indication Activase (Alteplase) is indicated for the management of acute ischemic stroke in adults for improving neurological recovery and reducing the incidence of disability. Treatment should only be initiated within 3 hours after the onset of stroke symptoms, and after exclusion of intracranial hemorrhage by a cranial computerized tomography (CT) scan or other diagnostic imaging method sensitive for the presence of hemorrhage (see CONTRAINDICATIONS). Important Safety Information All thrombolytic agents increase the risk of bleeding, including intracranial bleeding, and should be used only in appropriate patients. Not all patients with acute ischemic stroke will be eligible for Activase therapy, including patients with evidence of recent or active bleeding; recent (within 3 months) intracranial or intraspinal surgery, serious head trauma, or previous stroke; uncontrolled high blood pressure; or impaired blood clotting. Please see accompanying full prescribing information for additional Important Safety Information. © 2010 Genentech USA, Inc. All rights reserved. ACI0000128301 Printed in USA. 74972.qxp 2/1/2006 1:31 PM Page 1 4 3/16 4 3/16 ACTIVASE® (Alteplase) for accelerated infusion of Alteplase, 21.5% for SK (IV), and 22.0% for SK (SQ). An angiographic substudy of the GUSTO trial provided data on infarct related artery patency. Table 2 presents 90-minute, 180-minute, 24-hour, and 5–7 day patency values by TIMI flow grade for the three treatment regimens. Reocclusion rates were similar for all three treatment regimens. DESCRIPTION Table 2 Activase® (Alteplase) is a tissue plasminogen activator produced by recombinant DNA technology. It is a sterile, purified glycoprotein of 527 amino acids. It is synthesized using Patency Accelerated the complementary DNA (cDNA) for natural human tissue-type plasminogen activator (TIMI 2 or 3) Activase SK (IV) p-Value SK (SQ) p-Value obtained from a human melanoma cell line. The manufacturing process involves the 90-Minute n=272 n=261 n=260 secretion of the enzyme alteplase into the culture medium by an established mammalian 81.3% 59.0% < 0.0001 53.5% < 0.0001 cell line (Chinese Hamster Ovary cells) into which the cDNA for alteplase has been genetically inserted. Fermentation is carried out in a nutrient medium containing the 180-Minute n=80 n=76 n=95 antibiotic gentamicin, 100 mg/L. However, the presence of the antibiotic is not detectable 76.3% 72.4% 0.58 71.6% 0.48 in the final product. 24-Hour n=81 n=72 n=67 Phosphoric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may be used prior to lyophilization for 88.9% 87.5% 0.24 82.1% 0.79 pH adjustment. Activase is a sterile, white to off-white, lyophilized powder for intravenous administration 5–7 Day n=72 n=77 n=75 after reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP. 83.3% 90.9% 0.47 78.7% 0.17 Quantitative Composition of the Lyophilized Product The exact relationship between coronary artery patency and clinical activity has not 5 7/16 100 mg Vial 50 mg Vial been established. The safety and efficacy of the accelerated infusion of Alteplase have not been evaluated Alteplase 100 mg (58 million IU) 50 mg (29 million IU) using antithrombotic or antiplatelet regimens other than those used in the GUSTO trial. L-Arginine 3.5 g 1.7 g 3-Hour Infusion in AMI Patients In patients studied in a controlled trial with coronary angiography at 90 and 120 minutes Phosphoric Acid 1 g 0.5 g following infusion of Activase, infarct artery patency was observed in 71% and 85% of patients (n=85), respectively.2 In a second study, where patients received coronary angiography Polysorbate 80 < 11 mg < 4 mg prior to and following infusion of Activase within 6 hours of the onset of symptoms, reperfusion Vacuum No Yes of the obstructed vessel occurred within 90 minutes after the commencement of therapy in 71% of 83 patients.1 Biological potency is determined by an in vitro clot lysis assay and is expressed in International The exact relationship between coronary artery patency and clinical activity has not Units as tested against the WHO standard. The specific activity of Activase is 580,000 IU/mg. been established. In a double-blind, randomized trial (138 patients) comparing Activase to placebo, patients CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY infused with Activase within 4 hours of onset of symptoms experienced improved left ventricular Activase is an enzyme (serine protease) which has the property of fibrin-enhanced function at Day 10 compared to the placebo group, when ejection fraction was measured by conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. It produces limited conversion of plasminogen in gated blood pool scan (53.2% vs 46.4%, p=0.018). Relative to baseline (Day 1) values, the the absence of fibrin. When introduced into the systemic circulation at pharmacologic net changes in ejection fraction were +3.6% and -4.7% for the treated and placebo groups, concentration, Activase binds to fibrin in a thrombus and converts the entrapped respectively (p=0.0001).
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