Diplomasi Publik Indonesia Dalam Pelaksanaan Asian Games 2018 Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pariwisata Indonesia Pada Tahun 2017-2018

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Diplomasi Publik Indonesia Dalam Pelaksanaan Asian Games 2018 Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Pariwisata Indonesia Pada Tahun 2017-2018 DIPLOMASI PUBLIK INDONESIA DALAM PELAKSANAAN ASIAN GAMES 2018 SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PARIWISATA INDONESIA PADA TAHUN 2017-2018 Gita Rizkia Fitri Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Jalan Dipatiukur No. 112-114, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This study aims to find out how public diplomacy is carried out by Indonesia in the implementation of the Asian Games 2018 to increase tourism in Indonesia. Researchers also want to be able to find out what steps Indonesia has taken in carrying out public diplomacy, what obstacles Indonesia experienced when conducting public diplomacy, and how the prospects for Indonesian tourism after the Asian Games2018 were held in Indonesia. In this study, researchers used the theory of Public Diplomacy and National Interest. The research method used is qualitative. Most of the data collected through interviews, literature studies, observation, documentation and online data tracking. The research was conducted in Jakarta. The results of the study show that the holding of the Asian Games 2018 in Indonesia has been quite successful for the Indonesian government in increasing its tourism sector through public diplomacy. The public diplomacy carried out by Indonesia did not go smoothly due to several obstacles and problems faced by Indonesia. Indeed, basically that the Asian Games will not have a significant impact on the tourism sector in Indonesia, but still the Asian Games 2018 will still have a positive impact on the country of Indonesia. Keywords: Public Diplomacy, Indonesia, Asian Games 2018, Tourism. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana diplomasi publik yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia dalam penyelenggaraan Asian Games 2018 untuk meningkatkan pariwisata di Indonesia. Peneliti juga berkeinginan untuk dapat mengetahui apa saja langkah yang dilakukan Indonesia dalam melakukan diplomasi publik, apa saja kendala yang dialami Indonesia saat melakukan diplomasi publik, serta bagaimana prospek pariwisata Indonesia pasca Asian Games 2018 diselenggarakan di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teori Diplomasi Publik dan Kepentingan Nasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Sebagian besar data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, studi pustaka, observasi, dokumentasi dan penelusuran data online. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penyelenggaraan Asian Games 2018 di Indonesia telah cukup sukses bagi pemerintah Indonesia dalam meningkatkan sektor pariwisatanya melalui diplomasi publik yang dilakukan. Diplomasi publik yang dilakukan oleh Indonesia tidak berjalan dengan lancar karena adanya beberapa kendala dan masalah yang dihadapi oleh Indonesia. Memang pada dasarnya bahwa Asian Games tidak terlalu memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada sektor pariwisata di Indonesia, namun tetap saja Asian Games 2018 tetap memberikan dampak yang positif bagi negara Indonesia. Kata kunci: Diplomasi Publik Indonesia, Asian Games 2018, Pariwisata. 1 1. Pendahuluan raya dan trek), sepak bola , dan angkat besi 1.1. Latar Belakang (https://asiangames2018.id/about/history Seiring berkembangnya waktu, diakses pada tanggal 9 Maret 2019). diera globalisasi ini olahraga mulai Tahun 2018 merupakan kali kedua dijadikan sebagai soft diplomacy oleh suatu Indonesia diberi kesempatan sebagai tuan negara. Olahraga justru telah menjadi suatu rumah penyelenggara Asian Games, karena kekuatan politik dimana para aktor politik, sebelumnya pada Asian Games 1962 baik nasional maupun internasional Indonesia terpilih sebagai tuan rumah pesta mempengaruhi pola hubungan nasional dan olahraga terbesar di Asia tersebut. internasional. Sama halnya dengan musik Indonesia terpilih sebagai tuan rumah dan makanan, olahraga juga merupakan Asian Games di tahun 1958 yang pada saat suatu bahasa universal. Olahraga memiliki itu Indonesia baru berumur 13 tahun daya menyatukan yang besar. Hampir dimana pada awalnya banyak negara yang seluruh bagian masyarakat menyukai meragukan akan keberhasilan Indonesia olahraga. Tidak heran, olahraga juga sering dalam pelaksanaan Asian Games tersebut, digunakan sebagai media diplomasi. Indonesia hanya memiliki waktu kurang Olahraga dianggap dapat membuka jalan dari 4 tahun untuk mempersiapkan bagi penyelesaian konflik dan mewujudkan pelaksanaan Asian Games di Jakarta. perdamaian. Manfaat paling besar yang di dapat Penggunaan olahraga sebagai suatu oleh Indonesia dalam 18th Asian Games di alat diplomasi telah menjadi suatu hal yang Jakarta dan Palembang jika berlangsung biasa dalam pandangan masyarakat. dengan sukses adalah “Citra Positif”. Citra Olahraga adalah sebuah fenomena global Positif dalam Hubungan Internasional dan untuk mencapai kepentingan suatu negara juga merupakan sebuah modal awal bagi yang tidak dapat dihindari. Setiap negara upaya-upaya untuk mempertahankan dan berlomba-lomba untuk bisa mendapatkan memperjuangkan kepentingan nasional. posisi sebagai tuan rumah dalam suatu Dapat dikatakan bahwa Indonesia telah acara olahraga internasional, salah satunya sukses dan mampu menjalankan tugas adalah Asian Games, sebuah pesta olahraga sebagai tuan rumah yang baik dalam acara terbesar di Asia dan diikuti oleh hampir Asian Games 2018, bisa dikatakan seluruh negara di Asia yang dilaksanakan demikian adalah dengan melihat banyaknya setiap empat tahun sekali. respon positif mengenai penyelenggaraan Asian Games pertama diadakan di Asian Games 2018 baik dari masayarakat New Delhi, India pada 4-11 Maret 1951. dalam maupun luar negeri, tandanya bahwa Diikuti oleh 491 atlet dari 11 Komite masyarakat internasional menaruh Olimpiade Nasional (NOC) yakni perhatian pada penyelenggaran event Asian Afghanistan, Burma, Ceylon/Srilangka, Games 2018 tersebut. India, Indonesia, Iran, Jepang, Nepal, Bentuk soft diplomasi di Asian Filipina, Singapura, dan Thailand. Asian Games bisa melalui banyak hal seperti dari Games pertama ini secara resmi dibuka segi atlet, instrastruktur, seni dan budaya, Presiden Rajendra Prasa di Stadion pelayanan dan pariwisata. Indonesia Nasional Dhyan Chand, dengan memanfaatkan momen Asian Games 2018 memperebutkan 169 medali emas dan tersebut dengan cara melakukan diplomasi mempertandingkan enam cabang olahraga: publik untuk dapat memenuhi kepentingan atletik, akuatik (renang, loncat indah, dan negaranya. Karena ketika penyelenggaraan polo air), bola basket, balap sepeda (jalan Asian Games berlangsung, tentu akan 2 memberi impact terhadap meningkatnya diplomasi yang dapat dilakukan dengan kunjungan wisatawan. Hal ini bisa beragam cara termasuk melalui olahraga, dimaksimalkan oleh Indonesia sebagai soft hal tersebut bukanlah suatu hal yang baru diplomacy yang nantinya bisa menarik dalan dunia hubungan internasional ini. wisatawan asing berkunjung ke Indonesia Manfaat yang akan didapatkan sebagai tuan atau bahkan menarik para investor untuk rumah suatu event olahraga berskala berinvestasi di bidang pariwisata di internasional adalah dengan cara Indonesia. mempromosikan dan menjual produk hasil Melalui Asian Games 2018, dalam negerinya. Atas dasar itulah yang Indonesia juga memanfaatkan moment membuat negara rela mebgeluarkan dana tersebut untuk meningkatkan jumlah yang sangat besar nilainya demi wisatawan Penyelenggaraan Asian Games terlaksanakannya suatu event olahraga memiliki dampak langsung dan tidak internasional tersebut karena sebuah negara langsung threaded sektor pariwisata melihat sebuah potensi yang besar yang Indonesia. Dampak langsung yaitu akan didapatkan saat menjadi tuan rumah peningkatan kunjungan wisman yaitu para event tersebut yang dapat memacu atlet yang bertanding dan para perekonomian dalam negeri dan pendukungnya, berkembangnya meningkatkan kesejateraan masyarakat. infrastruktur dan peningkatan ekonomi. Lalu dampak tidak langsung adalah media 1.2. Rumusan Masalah value yang tinggi, Indonesia menjadi Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah sorotan bagi sekitar 200 negara yang yang telah diuraikan di atas maka peneliti menayangkan Asian Games 2018, bukan merumuskan masalah sebagai berikut: hanya melalui penayangan televisi saja tetapi juga melalui media sosial seperti 1.2.1. Rumusan Masalah Mayor twitter, Instagram dan facebook juga Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah mendukung tingginya sorotan masyarakat yang telah diuraikan di atas maka peneliti dunia dalam penyelenggaraan Asian Games merumuskan masalah sebagai berikut: 2018 di Indonesia. “Bagaimana Indonesia melakukan Diplomasi publik dipercaya sebagai diplomasi publik melalui instrumen yang paling efektif untuk penyelenggaraan Asian Games 2018 melibatkan negara-negara. Dimana dalam meningkatkan pariwisata di diplomasi publik mencakup penyiaran Indonesia?” internasional, pertukaran kebudayaan dan jangkauan jasa-jasa informasi, bersama 1.2.2. Rumusan Masalah Minor dengan program-program lain dan fungsi- Rumusan Masalah Mayor fungsi yang dilakukan. Diplomasi publik kemudian diturunkan menjadi rumusan dimaknai sebagai proses komunikasi minor, peneliti merumuskan masalah minor pemerintah terhadap publik mancanegara sebagai berikut: yang bertujuan untuk memberikan 1. Apa saja bentuk diplomasi publik pemahaman atas negara, sikap, institusi, Indonesia yang dilaksanakan pada saat budaya, kepentingan nasional, dan penyelenggaraan Asian Games 2018? kebijakan -kebijakan yang diambil oleh 2. Apa saja kendala yang dialami negaranya (J. Wang, 2006:6-7). Indonesia dalam rangka melaksanakan Dampak dari meluasnya globalisasi diplomasi publik selama dalam berbagai sektor
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