MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav Slavistiky

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MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav Slavistiky MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA FILOZOFICKÁ FAKULTA Ústav slavistiky Diplomová práce Jakub Krča Названия фильмов как объект лингвистики и перевода Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Olga Berger, Ph.D. 2020 Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracoval samostatně, že jsem řádně citoval všechny zdroje a že tato práce nebyla použita v rámci jiného studia či k získání jiného titulu. V Brně dne 19. 5. 2020 …………………. Jakub Krča Выражение благодарности Я выражаю глубокую признательность за помощью в процессе подготовки дипломной работы моему научному руководителю – Mgr. Ольге Львовне Бергер, Ph.D. Ее советы и помощь помогли не только подготовить эту работу, а также определить ее концепцию, форму и содержание. Также хочу поблагодарить консультанта Mgr. Ирену Зайичкову за советы относительно английского языка. Абстракт Předkládaná diplomová práce se zabývá tituly filmů. První kapitola se zaměřuje na titul jako na zvláštní jazykovou jednotku a ukazuje, co je v ruské lingvistice chápáno pod pojmem „titul“. Jsou zde také demonstrovány příklady možné větné a sémantické klasifikace titulů. Ve druhé kapitole je představena analýza vybraných ruských a českých filmových titulů, která je zaměřena na jejich větnou strukturu. Třetí a čtvrtá kapitola představují základní metody překladu názvu a vyčleňují zvláštní faktory, které se objevují v české a ruské filmové distribuci. Ve páté kapitole jsou na konkrétních příkladech demonstrovány české a ruské překlady původně amerických filmových titulů. Klíčová slova название, фильм, название фильма, заголовок, классификация, перевод, дистрибьюция, чешский, русский Abstract This diploma thesis deals with movie titles. The first chapter focuses on the title as a particular linguistic group. It shows what Russian linguistics understands under the expression “title.” It also gives examples of possible sentential and semantic classification of titles. The second chapter has been intended for analysis of selected Russian and Czech movie titles that focus on their sentential structure. The third and fourth chapters show basic translation methods and set off individual factors which appear in the Czech and Russian movie distribution. The fifth chapter gives concrete examples of the Czech and Russian translations of originally American movie titles. Key Words title, movie, movie title, classification, translation, distribution, Czech, Russian Оглавление Оглавление ........................................................................................................................................... 5 Введение ................................................................................................................................................ 6 1. Названия фильмов как объект ономастики............................................................................... 8 1.1 Названия с точки зрения формы ................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Названия с точки зрения семантики ........................................................................................ 11 1.3 Названия с точки зрения прагматики ...................................................................................... 12 1.4 Названия в чешской ономастике .............................................................................................. 13 1.5 Перевод названий фильмов ..................................................................................................... 14 2. Анализ чешских и русских названий фильмов ....................................................................... 16 2.1 Период 1950 – 1955 ................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Период 2015 – 2020 ................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 Выводы по главе 2 ..................................................................................................................... 22 3. Стратегии перевода фильмов в России..................................................................................... 23 3.1 Лексический метод в русском переводе ................................................................................. 24 3.2 Прагматический метод в русском переводе ........................................................................... 26 3.2.1 Жанровая адаптация в русском переводе ....................................................................... 28 3.3 Собственные имена в русском переводе ................................................................................ 28 3.4 Названия серий фильмов в русском переводе ....................................................................... 30 4. Стратегии перевода названий фильмов в Чехии .................................................................... 32 4.1 Лексический метод в чешском переводе ................................................................................ 33 4.1.1 Непереведенные названия ................................................................................................ 34 4.2 Прагматический метод в чешском переводе .......................................................................... 35 4.2.1 Фразовый перевод нефразовых названий ....................................................................... 37 4.2.2 Полная замена формы и семантики ................................................................................. 38 4.2.3 Пародии и модификации существующих переводов ..................................................... 39 4.3 Названия серий фильмов в чешском переводе ...................................................................... 40 4.3.1 Фальшивые серии фильмов ............................................................................................... 41 5. Анализ переводов названий фильмов на чешский и русский языки ................................. 43 5.1 Сопоставление переводов названий фильмов ....................................................................... 43 5.2 Выводы по главе 5.1 .................................................................................................................. 62 Заключение ......................................................................................................................................... 63 Резюме.................................................................................................................................................. 65 Библиография .................................................................................................................................... 67 Приложения ........................................................................................................................................ 71 Введение Как писал Виктор Олегович Пелевин в своем романе Generation П, современный мир, – это мир рекламы. В настоящее время можно встретиться с рекламными баннерами во всем диапазоне человеческой коммуникации, начиная с социальных сетей и Интернета и заканчивая колл-центрами и раздачей буклетов на улице. В капиталистическом обществе реклама играет особенно важную роль, поскольку основной концепцией, на которой держится развитая часть современного мира, является круговорот денег. Названия и заголовки также своего рода реклама. Их предназначение – привлечь внимание человека и заставить его проявить интерес к данному произведению. От названия произведения большой частью зависит его успех. Оно должно быть достаточно привлекательным и заодно дать человеку точную информацию, о чем произведение и что можно от него ожидать. Проблема формы названий особенно актуальна для кинематографической продукции, так как фильмы – это вид искусства, изображающий восприятие окружающего нас мирa, и каждый человек воспринимает мир по-своему, в зависимости от культурной обстановки, системы ценностей, эстетических и моральных принципов и так далее. Ежегодно снимаются тысячи фильмов по всему миру и, благодаря Интернету и стриминговым сервисам, уже давно не нужно ходить в кинотеатр. Человек может легко отыскать любое кино, снятое в любой стране. Что касается названий фильмов, есть либо универсальные, хорошо понятные каждому зрителю, либо понятные только в исходной культуре названия, описывающие реальность или элементы, существующие только в исходной культуре или в контексте, который может сложиться только в определенном обществе. И в этом же заключается главная задача иностранного дистрибьютора, который должен переводить названия так, чтобы они были не только понятны целевой публике, но одновременно были сохранены свойства названия, придуманные автором. Эта работа посвящена названиям фильмов и их переводу на русский и чешский языки. В первой главе мы уделяем внимание названиям, как особому типу собственных имен, и приводим примеры их классификации в русской науке по грамматическим 6 и семантическим принципам. Далее мы указываем, как названия рассматриваются в чешской ономастике. Во второй главе мы проводим анализ чешских и русских названий и с помощью грамматической классификации показываем, какой тип названий встречается чаще всего в чешской и русской дистрибьюции. В третьей и четвертой главах описаны переводческие приемы, с помощью которых преобразовываются иноязычные названия. В обеих главах приемы разделены на две группы – лексический и прагматический перевод, причем в каждой группе мы обращаем внимание на факторы, которые являются ключевыми для применения данного переводческого приема. Во пятой главе мы проводим сопоставительный
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