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Malheur County Crop Research 1990

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Malheur County Crop Research 1990 Special Report 882 June 1991 Malheur Experiment Station Malheur County Crop Research 1990 Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station Ontario, Oregon Malheur County Crop Research 1990 Special Report 882 May 1991 Agricultural Experiment Station Oregon State University, Corvallis IMPORTANT NOTICE The following report includes information concerning unregistered used of pesticides. Experimental results should not be interpreted as recommendations for use. Use of unregistered materials or use of any registered pesticides inconsistent with its label is against both Federal Law and State Law. The use of certain products does not constitute endorsement by Oregon State University. CONTRIBUTORS MALHEUR EXPERIMENT STATION SPECIAL REPORT 882 MALHEUR COUNTY OFFICE, OSU EXTENSION SERVICE PERSONNEL: Jensen, Lynn Assistant Professor Simko, Ben Associate Professor MALHEUR EXPERIMENT STATION: Banner, Jennifer Research Aide Barnum, Mike Research Assistant Catey, Jeff Research Aide Feibert, Erik Research Assistant Holloway, Tammy Office Specialist Howell, Shawn Research Aide Ishida, Joey Bio Sciences Research, Technician 2 Kee, Mary Jo Office Coordinator Matsunaga, Teresa Research Aide Miller, John Assistant Professor Newman, Mark Research Aide Saunders, Lamont Bio Sciences Research, Technician 3 Shock, Clinton C. Superintendent and Assoc. Professor Smith, Robin Research Aide Stanger, Charles E. Professor of Crop Science Stieber, Tim Research Assistant OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY, CORVALLIS, AND OTHER STATIONS: Appleby, Arnold Professor, Dept. of Crop Science Baggett, James Professor, Dept. of Horticulture Burrill, Larry Weed Control Specialist Hane, Dan Research Assistant (Hermiston) Holmes, Zoe Ann Professor, Dept. of Foods and Nutrition James, Steven Research Assistant (Redmond) Koepsell, Paul Extension Plant Pathologist Kronstad, Warren Professor, Dept. of Crop Science Mosley, Alvin Associate Professor, Dept. of Crop and Soil Science Reed, Gary Superintendent, Hermiston Richardson, Daryl Professor, Dept. of Horticulture Seddigh, Majid Research Assoc., Dept. of Crop and Soil Science Stephan, William Professor, Dept. of Entomology Verhoeven, Mary Instructor, Dept. of Crop Science Vomocil, James Professor, Dept. of Soil Science UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO: Brown, Bradford Associate Professor/Extension Crop Mgmt. Specialist Mohan, Krishna Plant Pathologist, Parma, ID Pavek, Joe Research Geneticist, Aberdeen, ID Wilson, Dale Seed Physiologist OTHER PERSONNEL COOPERATING ON SPECIAL PROJECTS: Auyer, Za Dean Regional Economic Development Strategy Batten, Ray B-2-M Irrigation, Weiser, Idaho Burnett, Denise Ore-Ida Foods, Inc., Ontario, OR Cooper, R. L. ARS, Wooster, OH Corbett, Jim Carnation, Fieldman Futter, Herb District Conservationist, Ontario, OR Joplin, Carl Mobay, Nampa, ID Shock, Byron College of Idaho, Caldwell, ID Sojka, Robert USDA ARS, Kimberly, ID Sowokinos, Joe Red River Valley Potato Research Lab., East Grand Forks, MN Vogt, Glenn J.R. Simplot Co., Caldwell, ID Zalewski, Jim Ore-Ida Foods, Inc., Ontario, OR GROWERS ASSOCIATIONS SUPPORTING RESEARCH: Idaho Alfalfa Seed Growers Association Idaho-Eastern Oregon Onion Committee Malheur County Alfalfa Seed Growers Association Malheur County Potato Growers Nevada Seed Council Nyssa-Nampa Beet Growers Association Oregon Essential Oil Growers League Oregon Mint Growers Association Oregon Potato Commission Oregon Processed Vegetable Commission OREGON PUBLIC AGENCIES SUPPORTING RESEARCH: Department of Agriculture Department of Environmental Quality Malheur County Regional Economic Development Strategy CONTENTS Weather Report 1 ALFALFA Forage Alfalfa Variety Evaluation 10 An Evaluation of Soil and Foliar Active Herbicides for Weed Control in Seedling and Established Stands of Alfalfa Grown for Seed 17 Paraformaldehyde Fumigation For Chalkbrood Control in Leafcutting Bee Nesting Material 23 MINT An Evaluation of Herbicides for Crop Tolerance and Weed Control in Peppermint and Spearmint Grown by Furrow Irrigation in Eastern Oregon and Southwest Idaho 25 ONIONS Onion Variety Trials 34 An Evaluation of Herbicides for Weed Control and Onion Tolerance When Applied as Postemergence Treatments to Seedling Onions and Weeds 39 Resistance of Onion Cultivars to Basal Plate Rot 43 Estimating Yield Loss Due to Hail Damage in Onions 48 Insecticides for Onion Thrips (Thrips tabaci-Lindeman) Control in Sweet Spanish Onions - 1990 55 Improved Nitrogen Fertilizer Efficiency for Onion Production 66 POTATOES Effects of Thimet and Temik Insecticides on Tuber Yield and Quality of Four Potato Varieties 75 Performance of Potato Varieties Under Water Stress 80 Potato Herbicide Trials 86 CONTENTS CONTINUED SMALL GRAINS A Report Concerning Cereal Trial for Estimating Cultivar Adaptation to Furrow Irrigation in the Treasure Valley 93 1990 Management of the Russian Wheat Aphid Outbreak in Malheur County . 111 An Evaluation of Uniroyl C-4243 for Weed Control in Winter Wheat 117 An Evaluation of Soil and Foliar Active Herbicides for the Control of Broadleaf Weeds and Wild Oats in Winter Wheat 120 Soil Nitrogen Recovery By Stephans Wheat and Hesk Barley 123 SUGAR BEETS Sugar Beet Variety Testing Results 129 The Comparison of Betamix to SN-38584 and Four Different Adjuvents for Tolerance of Seedling Sugar Beets and Weed Control 133 Weed Control and Tolerance of Seedling Sugar Beets to Application of Betamix, Stinger, and Poast Herbicides Applied as Repeat Treatments at Low Rates . 135 An Evaluation of Fall and Spring Applied Herbicides for Weed Control and Crop Tolerance in Sugar Beets 139 Postemergence Applied LDG2880 + Moract for Selective Weed Control in Sugar Beets 142 The Effect of Added Nitrogen on Yield and Quality of Six Varieties of Sugar Beets 146 Early Season Sugar Beet Nitrogen Requirements 155 Correcting Sugar Beet Nitrogen Deficiencies 159 Sugar Beet Nitrogen Recovery 166 A Preliminary Evaluation of Aerial Photography To Determine Sugar Beet Nitrate Status 171 The Phytotoxicity of Counter Insecticide to Sugar Beets 176 CONTENTS CONTINUED WEED CONTROL The Control of Yellow Nutsedge with Fall Applied Preplow and Postemergence Application of Metolachlor (DUAL) 179 NITROGEN MANAGEMENT Nitrogen Uptake and Removal by Selected Crops 182 Malheur County Crop Survey of Nitrogen and Water Use Practices 187 Fertilizer Nitrogen Savings 199 WEATHER REPORT J. Mike Barnum, Tim Stieber, and Clint Shock Malheur Experiment Station Oregon State University Ontario, Oregon, 1990 Daily observations of air temperature and precipitation have been recorded at the Malheur Experiment Station since July 20, 1942. Installation of additional equipment in 1948 allowed for evaporation and wind measurements. A recording soil thermometer was added in 1967 and instruments to monitor growing degree days and solar radiation in 1985. In 1962 the station began cooperating with the U.S. Department of Commerce, Environmental Science Service Administration, National Weather Service. Each day the 8:00 A.M. air temperature, preceding twenty four hour air and soil temperature extremes and twenty four hour accumulated precipitation are recorded and transmitted to radio station KSRV in Ontario. KSRV then conveys this information, along with their daily readings, to the U.S. Weather station in Boise, Idaho. During the irrigation season (April - October) evaporation, wind and water temperature are also monitored and reported. Total precipitation of 7.21 inches (Table 1) represented the lowest amount since 1966 when only 5.74 inches was recorded. This made 1990 the seventh consecutive year with below average precipitation (Table 2). The fall (October-December) 1989 and winter (January-March) 1990 seasonal moisture total of 2.62 inches was the lowest amount in the past 10 years (Table 3). This lack of precipitation set new records in that it represented the first time no monthly total within the period exceeded one inch (Figure 1) and it was the lowest amount ever recorded during that six-month interval at this station. With near record temperatures recorded during August and evaporation exceeding the ten year average during April, May, July, and September the seasonal total evaporation was 1.50 inches above average (Table 4). The total miles of wind was the lowest recorded during the period since 1977. A last spring frost, May 8, and first fall frost, October 9, resulted in a 153 day frost free period which equaled the thirty year, (1961 to 1990), average (Table 5). Air temperature ranged from a high of 106°F on August 8 to a low of -21°F on December 24. An absence of snow cover coupled with the December 19 arrival of a severe cold front caused the four- inch soil temperature to drop to a record breaking 12°F from December 24 through 26 (Table 6). These conditions effectively reduced the mean air and four-inch soil temperatures well below the monthly averages (Table 7 and Figures 2 and 3). 1 Total cumulative growing degree days as of the end of September were relatively near the five year average (Table 8 and Figure 4). Table 1. Precipitation in inches at Malheur Experiment Station, OSU, Ontario, Oregon, 1990. Day Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Annual 1 1 .10 1 .08 .22 2 .05 T .04 .01 3 .05 T 4 .02 T .15 5 .01 .06 T .32 6 T .01 7 .04 .15 8 .09 .02 9 .19 1 T T 10 .07 T T 11 .01 .55 T T 1* .07 12 13 .03 T .05 T 14 .04 T T .03 15 1 .06 .06 16 .10 17 T T .02 .05 18 T .05 .03 T .22 19 T .07 .20 T 20 .08 .28 T .03 21 .06 .25 .10 .16 22 T .05 T .09 .22 T 23 .06 .24 T 24 T .04 .24 T 25 .01 .02 .04 26 .05 T T .09 27 .03 T T 28 T .64 .45 .02 29 T .01 .30 30 .01 .06 .14 T 31 .02 .15 T Tot.1990 .44 .35 .72 1.52 1.70 .36 .04 .61 .00 .49 .69 .29 7.21 10yr.avg. .97 1.06 1.43 .68 .94 .77 .32 .42 .53 .61 1.34 1.54 10.60 30yr.avg. 1.27 .93 .96 .73 .73 .80 .25 .54 .56 .60 1.25 1.35 9.97 Table 2. Annual precipitation 1981 through 1990 and 43 year average at Malheur Experiment, OSU, Ontario, Oregon.
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