Biogeomorphology Small Activities with Large Effects?
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Zoogeomorphology & Ecosystem Engineering
Zoogeomorphology & Ecosystem Engineering The 42nd Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium October 21 – 23, 2011 University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama National Science University of Texas State University- Foundation South Alabama San Marcos Zoogeomorphology and Ecosystem Engineering The 42nd Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama October 21 – 23, 2011 Conference Organizers: David R. Butler Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos Carol F. Sawyer Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama Conference Sponsors National Science Foundation, GEO/EAR, Geomorphology & Land-Use Dynamics Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos Field Trip Assistance Dr. Mimi Fearn, Ms. Sherall Cornwell, Ms. Karen Jordan, Ms. Tela O’Rourke, and Mr. Donald Brinkman, Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama We wish to thank the following people for their assistance in organizing this symposium: Catherine Drake and the Center for Continuing Education & Conference Services staff, Univ. South Alabama Department of Earth Sciences faculty, staff, and students, including Dr. Mimi Fearn, Dr. Jim Connors, Sherall Cornwell, Chris Reese, Donald Brinkman, Tela O’Rourke, and Reva Stienstraw-Hitchcock Dr. Phil Suckling, Chair, Department of Geography, Texas State University-San Marcos Dr. Jack Vitek, Texas A&M University Dr. Richard Marston, -
Biomechanical and Biochemical Effects Recorded in the Tree Root Zone – Soil Memory, Historical Contingency and Soil Evolution Under Trees
Plant Soil (2018) 426:109–134 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-018-3622-9 REGULAR ARTICLE Biomechanical and biochemical effects recorded in the tree root zone – soil memory, historical contingency and soil evolution under trees Łukasz Pawlik & Pavel Šamonil Received: 17 September 2017 /Accepted: 1 March 2018 /Published online: 15 March 2018 # The Author(s) 2018 Abstract increase in soil spatial complexity. We hypothesized that Background and aims The changing soils is a never- trees can be a strong local factor intensifying, blocking ending process moderated by numerous biotic and abi- or modifying pedogenetic processes, leading to local otic factors. Among these factors, trees may play a changes in soil complexity (convergence, divergence, critical role in forested landscapes by having a large or polygenesis). These changes are hypothetically con- imprint on soil texture and chemical properties. During trolled by regionally predominating soil formation their evolution, soils can follow convergent or divergent processes. development pathways, leading to a decrease or an Methods To test the main hypothesis, we described the pedomorphological features of soils under tree stumps of fir, beech and hemlock in three soil regions: Haplic Highlights Cambisols (Turbacz Reserve, Poland), Entic Podzols 1) The architecture of tree root systems controls soil physical and (Žofínský Prales Reserve, Czech Republic) and Albic chemical properties. Podzols (Upper Peninsula, Michigan, USA). Soil pro- 2) The predominating pedogenetic process significantly modifies files under the stumps, as well as control profiles on sites the effect of trees on soil. 3) Trees are a factor in polygenesis in Haplic Cambisols at the currently not occupied by trees, were analyzed in the pedon scale. -
Marine Epibiota Increase Durability of Rock Mass Breakwaters Against Erosion: a Case Study in the Gulf of Oman, Iran
Journal of the Persian Gulf (Marine Science)/Vol. 8/No. 30/ December 2017/14/39-52 Marine epibiota increase durability of rock mass breakwaters against erosion: A case study in the Gulf of Oman, Iran Ali Shahbazi1, Mohammad Reza Shokri2*, Seyed Mohammad Taghi Sadatipour3 1- Iranian Department of Marine Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran 2- Department of Animal Science and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran 3- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Received: August 2017 Accepted: December 2017 © 2017 Journal of the Persian Gulf. All rights reserved. Abstract The effect of marine species attached on rock mass breakwaters was evaluated on the durability of breakwaters against erosion in the Gulf of Oman, Iran. A suit of erosion indicators in rock boulders (i.e., chemical dissolution, full deterioration, roundness, exfoliation, lamination, fracture) were assessed qualitatively and visually between those materials with biota and those with no biota. The results showed that rock boulders with no biota were largely eroded than those boulders with attached biota. A significant difference was detected in all erosion indicators between rocks with attached biota and those with no biota suggesting that rocks with biota were significantly more durable against erosion than those with no biota. The conclusion from this study suggests that marine organisms attached to the rock mass breakwaters play a key role in the durability of these structures even if they are morphologically less qualified for breakwater construction according to the international standards. -
Riparian Vegetation and the Fluvial Environment: a Biogeographic Perspective
Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the Treatise on Geomorphology, the copy attached is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use. This includes without limitation use in instruction at your institution, distribution to specific colleagues, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial Bendix J., and Stella J.C. Riparian Vegetation and the Fluvial Environment: A Biogeographic Perspective. In: John F. Shroder (Editor-in-chief), Butler, D.R., and Hupp, C.R. (Volume Editors). Treatise on Geomorphology, Vol 12, Ecogeomorphology, San Diego: Academic Press; 2013. p. 53-74. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12.5 Riparian Vegetation and the Fluvial Environment: A Biogeographic Perspective J Bendix, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA JC Stella, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA r 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12.5.1 Introduction 53 12.5.2 Early History: -
IOC/WMO/UNEP/ICSU Coastal Panel of the Global Ocean Observing
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Reports of Meetings of Experts and Equivalent Bodies IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU Coastal Panel of the Global O’ceanObserving System (GOOS) Second Session Curitiba, Brazil 29 October-l November 1998 GOOS Report No. 63 UNESCO IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/C-GOOS-II/3 Paris, December 1998 English only SC-99lWs- 15 IOC-WMO-UNEP-ICSU/C-GOOS-1113 page 0) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. OPENING . 1 2. ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS . , . 1 3. OVERVIEWS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION . , , . 1 3.1 UPDATE ON COASTAL GOOS (C-COOS) ACTIVITIES ............................ 1 3.1 .l Publicizing C-GOOS (Malone) .......................................... 1 3.1.2 GOOS Steering Committee (GSC)(Summerhayes) .......................... 2 3.1.3 Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM) (Summerhayes and Awosika) ...... 2 3.2 INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION (Summerhayes) . 2 3.3 GOOS-AFRICA(Awosika) . 3 3.4 GLOBAL INVENTORY OF COASTAL DATA AND PROGRAMMES (Summerhayes) . 4 3.5 IOC DESIGN FOR COASTAL MONITORING SYSTEM (Summerhayes) ................ 4 3.6 GOOS SERVICES MODULE (Guddal) .......................................... 4 3.7 DEVELOPING FUNCTIONAL LINKAGES AMONG SCIENTISTS AND USER GROUPS (Ehler) . 5 4. REGIONAL ISSUES (Marone) . 5 5. RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER PROGRAMMES . 5 5.1 OTHER GLOBAL OBSERVING PROGRAMMES (Malone and Summerhayes) ....... 6 5.1 .l Ocean Observing Panel for Climate (OOPC) ........................... 6 5.1.2 Health of the Ocean (HOTO) Panel (Knap) ............................ 7 5.1.3 Living Marine Resources (LMR) Panel ................................ 7 5.1.4 Joint Data and Information Management Panel (J-DIMP) ................. 8 5.2 REGIONAL GOOS AND RELATED PROGRAMMES ........................... 8 5.2.1 Regional Seas Programme of UNEP (Summerhayes, Kasten) ............. 8 5.2.2 MedGOOS and PacificGOOS ...................................... -
BIOGEOMORPHOLOGY of COASTAL STRUCTURES: Understanding Interactions Between Hard Substrata and Colonising Organisms As a Tool for Ecological Enhancement
BIOGEOMORPHOLOGY OF COASTAL STRUCTURES: Understanding interactions between hard substrata and colonising organisms as a tool for ecological enhancement Submitted by Martin Andrew Coombes B.Sc. M.Sc. , to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geography In February 2011 This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. Signature: M. A. Coombes --- BLANK --- 2 ABSTRACT Urbanisation is increasingly recognised as a major ecological pressure at the coast. By 2035, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs will have to spend £1 billion each year on flood defence and erosion control infrastructure if current levels of protection are to be sustained in England and Wales; this represents a substantial commitment to building new hard structures. Ecological research has shown that structures like seawalls, breakwaters, and harbour and port infrastructure are poor surrogates for undisturbed rocky shores. This, alongside substantial international policy drivers, has led to an interest in the ways in which structures might be enhanced for ecological gain. Virtually all of this research has been undertaken by ecologists, while the contribution of geomorphological understanding has not been fully recognised. This thesis presents an assessment of the two-way interactions between colonising organisms and the materials used to build hard coastal structures under a framework of biogeomorphology. -
Assessment of Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Lagoons -{Ase Studies in Japan and Thailand
Assessment of Impacts of Sea Level Rise on Coastal Lagoons -{ase Studies in Japan and Thailand- Yukihiro HIRAI*I, Tetsuo SATOH*2, Charlchai tANAVUnx3 Abstract Global warming is one of the most serious environmental issues of the present day. The average temperature is predicted to rise 1.7'C to 3.8t by the end of the next centu4f. Sea level is also projected to rise 15 cm to 90 cm during the same period. In this paper the authors first present an example of the assessment of impacts of sea level rise of the lagoons in Japan. We also present the common methodology of vulnerability assessment and an original procedure to assess the impact of sea level rise on the Songkhla Lake in southern Thailand. Following this procedure we describe the natural and socioeconomic characteristics of the Songkhla Lake, and we identify major factors that control the development of each natural region. It is most important to clarify the natural and socioeconomic systems and also to identify the development factors at each natural region for the proper assessment of the impact of sea level rise. various aspects depending on the natural and I. Introduction socioeconomic conditions at coastal area of each lagoon. Major thirty-four coastal lagoons in The study on Land-Ocean Interaction in the Japan were grouped into five types (namely from Coastal Zone (LOICZ) started in 1993 as one of Type-A to Type-E) in terms of "artificial littoral the Core Projects of IGBP (International Geo- shoreline" and "intensive land use in littoral low- sphere Biosphere Programme). -
Biodiversity Effects on Dune and Salt Marsh Biogeomorphology – a Trait-Based Approach
Biodiversity effects on dune and salt marsh biogeomorphology – a trait-based approach Von der Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften der Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg zur Erlangung des Grades und Titels eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) angenommene Dissertation von von Julia Bass geboren am 03. Februar 1989 in Bremen Oldenburg 2019 Gutachter Prof. Dr. Michael Kleyer Zweitgutachter Prof. Dr. Gerhard Zotz Tag der Disputation 13.11.2019 Contents Summary .........................................................................................................................1 Zusammenfassung ..........................................................................................................4 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................8 1.1 The concept of biogeomorphology ..................................................................8 1.2 The trait-based perspective in ecology ..........................................................13 1.3 Combining the biogeomorphic succession model and the functional trait approach .........................................................................................................18 1.4 Barrier islands and Halligen in the Wadden Sea ...........................................25 1.5 Research objectives .......................................................................................35 2 Morphological plasticity of dune pioneer plants in response to timing and magnitude -
Dynamic Interactions Between Biodiversity and Geomorphology from Hurgada to Quseir - Red Sea Coast Using RS and GIS
Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 21, EGU2019-940-1, 2019 EGU General Assembly 2019 © Author(s) 2018. CC Attribution 4.0 license. Dynamic interactions between biodiversity and Geomorphology from Hurgada to Quseir - Red Sea Coast Using RS and GIS Enas Farghaly (1), Seham Hashem (2), Samia Moheb (3), and Ahmed Khalafallah (4) (1) Geography Department ,Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education - Ain Shams University,cairo, Egypt ([email protected]), (2) Geography Department ,Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education - Ain Shams University, cairo, Egypt([email protected]), (3) Botany Department ,Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education - Ain Shams University, cairo, Egypt ([email protected]), (4) Botany Department ,Faculty of Women for Art, Science and Education - Ain Shams University, cairo, Egypt ([email protected]) Study area extends from Hurghada to Quseir, between latitude 33 ◦20’ 00 "and33 ◦" 50 east, between the widths 26 ◦00’ 00 "and 27 ◦ 30’ 00"north . It was covered by the eastern desert and overlooking Red Sea coast. Subject importance is a study of geomorphological diversity units and different effects of biodiversity on erosion and mu- tual impacts of the biological environment and geomorphology in addition to touristic human activities and their impact on the biological and geomorphological environment. The study deals with Biogeomorphology of Red Sea Coast between Hurgada and Quseir Using RS and GIS,and study of interactions and feedbacks between living and nonliving parts of the landscape. Straddling the disci- plines of geomorphology and ecology, biogeomorphology is inherently interdisciplinary. Microorganisms, plants, and animals contribute to the development of landforms and landscapes in many different ways, both actively and passively, through processes of bioconstruction, bioweathering, bioerosion, and bioprotection. -
Biogeomorphology of an Upper Chesapeake Bay River-Mouth Tidal Freshwater Marsh
WETlANDS. Vol. 20. No.3. September 2000. pp. 520-537 C 2000. The Society of Wetland Scientists BIOGEOMORPHOLOGY OF AN UPPER CHESAPEAKE BAY RIVER-MOUTH TIDAL FRESHWATER MARSH Gregory B. Pasternackl, William B. Hilgartner2, and Grace S. Brush2 I Department of l..and. Air. and Water Resources University of California Davis. California, USA 95616-8628 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore. Maryland. USA 21218 Abstract: Field mapping and monitoring of vegetation. sedimentation patterns. substrate characteristics, and geomorphology in the Bush River tributary to upper Chesapeake Bay has been conducted since 1991 to ascertain the process-morphology dynamics in a tidal freshwater marsh. Nine plant associations from 5 distinct marsh habitats were identified by clustering species abundance measurements from 115 quadrats throughout an 84-hectare area. High spatial variability in physical habitat conditions such as summer-average sediment deposition. summer-average organic content, and surface-sediment grain size distributions were explainable using combinations of independent variables, including elevation, plant distributions, and dis tances to the tidal inlet and an adjacent stream. Sedimentation and vegetation were both observed to show a predictable response to disturbance by animal activity. Key Words: tidal freshwater wetlands; plant species distributions. geomorphology, hydrology. sedimenta tion, Chesapeake Bay INTRODUCTION Parker and Leck 1985, Leck and Simpson 1987, Leek and Simpson 1994). Tidal freshwater marshes exist where watershed-de In contrast to plant community structure, little is rived sediment accumulates at the upstream boundary known about processes contributing to formation and of an estuary (Orson et ale 1992, Pasternack and Brush evolution of tidal freshwater marshes. -
The Biogeomorphological Life Cycle of Poplars During the Fluvial Biogeomorphological Succession: a Special Focus on Populus Nigra L
Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte ( OATAO ) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in : http://oatao.univ- toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 11091 To link to this article : doi:10.1002/esp.3515 URL : http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3515 To cite this version : Corenblit, Dov and Steiger, Johannes and González, Eduardo and Gurnell, Angela M. and Charrier, Gaspard and Darrozes, José and Dousseau, Julien and Julien, Frédéric and Lambs, Luc and Larrue, Sébastien and Roussel, Erwan and Vautier, Franck and Voldoire, Olivier The biogeomorphological life cycle of poplars during the fluvial biogeomorphological succession: a special focus on Populus nigra L. (2014) Earth Surface Processes and Landforms . ISSN 0197- 9337 Any correspondance concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] DOI: 10.1002/esp.3515 The biogeomorphological life cycle of poplars during the fluvial biogeomorphological succession: a special focus on Populus nigra L. D. Corenblit, 1,2 * J. Steiger, 1,2 E. González, 3 A. M. Gurnell, 4 G. Charrier, 1,2 J. Darrozes, 5 J. Dousseau, 1,2 F. Julien, 6 L. Lambs, 6 S. Larrue, 1,2 E. Roussel, 7 F. Vautier 7 and O. Voldoire 1,2 1 Clermont Université, Maison des Sciences de l ’Homme, 4 rue Ledru, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France 2 CNRS, UMR 6042, GEOLAB – Laboratoire de géographie physique et environnementale, 63057, Clermont-Ferrand, -
Modeling Tidal Freshwater Marsh Sustainability in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Under a Broad Suite of Potential Future Scenarios Kathleen M
APRIL 2015 Modeling Tidal Freshwater Marsh Sustainability in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Under a Broad Suite of Potential Future Scenarios Kathleen M. Swanson1,2, Judith Z. Drexler*2, Christopher C. Fuller3, and David H. Schoellhamer2 Volume 13, Issue 1 | April 2015 doi: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2015v13iss1art3 * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1 Current address: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, 1657 Rollins Rd. Burlingame, CA 94010 USA 2 U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA 3 U.S. Geological Survey, National Research Program, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA ABSTRACT In this paper, we report on the adaptation and appli- was increased to 133 cm and 179 cm, respectively. cation of a one-dimensional marsh surface eleva- Marshes situated in high-energy zones were margin- tion model, the Wetland Accretion Rate Model of ally more resilient than those in low-energy zones Ecosystem Resilience (WARMER), to explore the because of their higher inorganic sediment supply. conditions that lead to sustainable tidal freshwater Overall, the results from this modeling exercise sug- marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta. We gest that marshes at the upstream reaches of the defined marsh accretion parameters to encapsulate Delta—where SLR may be attenuated—and high ener- the range of observed values over historic and mod- gy marshes along major channels with high inorganic ern time-scales based on measurements from four sediment accumulation rates will be more resilient to marshes in high and low energy fluvial environments global SLR in excess of 88 cm over the next century as well as possible future trends in sediment sup- than their downstream and low-energy counterparts.