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The Systematics and Biology of the Flea Beetle Genus Crepidodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America North of Mexico

Richard H. Parry Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario

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Parry, Richard H., "The Systematics and Biology of the Flea Beetle Genus Crepidodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in America North of Mexico" (1986). Insecta Mundi. 520. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/520

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 156 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 The Systematics and Biology of the Flea Beetle Genus Crepidodera Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysornelidae) in America North of Mexico

Richard H. parry1 Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario

INTRODUCTION* and illustrations to aid in their identiEication, and to describe the immature Crepidodera Chevrolat is a genus of stages for 2 spectes. A discussion of the small metallic-coloured flea beetles host plant relationships and the general belonging to the family Chrysomelidae. life history of members of the genus is also Although these insects are quite common in presented. the field and numerous in museum BIOLOGY collections, the members of the genus in North America are, until now, poorly known. Members of the genus Crepidodera in Heikertinger (1948-1950) recognized 4 taxa both North America and the Palaearctic and recently, Lazorko (1974) described 3 Region have been well known to feed as additional species. These 7 species were adults on the leaves of various species of recognized primarily on the basis of genital willow (Salix) , poplar (Populus) and, in differences and were otherwise difficult to North America, on certain members of the identify. Family Rosaceae such' as hawthorn Examination of a large accumulation of (Crataegus), wild cherry, wild plum museum material and investigations in the (Prunus spp.) and apple (Pyrus) . The most field have indicated the presence of several com~rehensive source of informat ion on the additional species in the North American bioiogy of the European species is fauna. A detailed study of external Heikertinger (1925) who listed, for each of characters, male genitalia and female five species, the known food plants, the spermathecae has revealed, in material type of habitat in which it is found, the previously referred to the Palaearctic seasonal occurrence and, in a few cases, species, C. fulvicornis (F.), a complex of provided brief notes on adult feeding habits closely related species. and time of oviposition. None of the Essentially nothing was known about the species of Crepidodera are definitely known biology of the North American species. to be monophagous, i.e. restricted to one General information on host plants was species of plant. Most appear to be available and the general seasonal oligophagous, feeding on a few species of a occurrence and habits of adults were single genus or, in some cases, on plants of described by Loan (1967b). However, the two or three genera. immature stages and life histories of all Some of these species are further members of the genus were unknown. This has restricted within a host genus to a single now been remedied with the discovery, during host or a "compact group of host species" the course of this study, of the larvae of (Allen, 1972). For example, C. plutus is two species. restricted to narrow-leafed tree willows The main purpose of this paper, such as Salix alba and S. iragilis. In theref ore, is to consolidate the existing contrast, C. fulvicornis, C. lamina Bedel information on the genus in North America, and C. aurea (when it feeds on Salix) describe 8 new species, redefine the strongly favour low-growing shrubby previously described species, provide a key broad-leafed willows (sallows) such as Salix caprea L. The main species of *This paper is a portion of a Ph.D thesis Populus reported to be hosts of completed in 1977 at Carleton University, Palaearct ic Crepidodera are P. alba L., Ottawa. P. nigra L. and P. tremula L. Crepidodera aurata apparently occurs on all three of lpresent Address : these (Heikert inger, 1925, 1948-1950) with New Brunswick Department of Agriculture no preference indicated . Crepidodera and Rural Development aurea, C. lamina and C. nitidula have been Florenceville, N.B. EOJ 1KO recorded from both P. tremula and P. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI

nigra but are most common on P. tremula Overwintered adults emerge early in the (Heikertinger, 1925), while C. g-ata, season and are found on their host plants however, is known to occur only on P. soon af ter the leaves appear. At this time, alba. if warm temperatures prevail, the flea A similar situation seems to exist beetles are quite active and abundant. They with regard to the host plant begin feeding on the leaves of the host and, relationships of the North American shortly after, commence mating. Adults feed species of Crepidodera. The known and on either the upper or lower surfaces of probable host plants of the genus in North leaves. Feeding damage is of a type typical America are listed in Table 1. of flea beetles in general. The beetles At least one-half of the North American produce small holes or pits in the leaf by species appear to be restricted entirely eating through the epidermis and underlying to Salix spp. These include longula, tissues, leaving the opposite epidermal spenceri, browni, opulenta, luminosa, bella, layer intact. The tissue below the injury aereola and sculpturata. Three of these are eventually dries up and falls out, giving a recorded only from Salix and the remainder shot-hole appearance. The pits are each have only a few other host records irregular in outline and range from about 1 which are either so unlikely or so few as to to 3 mm in diameter. Occasionally, larger be almost certainly advent it ious. pits run together to form larger areas of Two species may be either restricted to damage. or mainly confined toPopulusspp. In the Ottawa area, mating occurs Crepidodera vaga is known on1 y from Populus during a period of close to 2 months, from deltoides. However, this record comes only the latter half of May through the early from a single series of specimens taken in part of July. Copulation takes place the same locality on the same date. The usually on the leaves or branches of the majority (76%) of the host plant records host shrubs or trees. The male mounts the for C. populivora are Populus spp., but 18% female from the rear and, clinging to her of the records are from Salix spp. It is posterior dorsum, extends the curved possible that C. populivora utilizes aedeagus down and forward into the female's both Populus and Salix although strongly vagina at the tip of the abdomen. preferring Populus. In field studies, Loan (1967b) reported that females of however, popul ivora was rarely found Crepidodera collected on Salix near on Salix, even in habitats where it was Belleville, Ontario were nongravid in early abundant on Populus, and seemed to be May and that nearly all females were gravid restricted to the latter group of plants. by mid-June . He also found that the Five species (solita, decora, proportion of gravid females decreased from heikertingeri, digna and mana) have been early July to about mid August as old taken in considerable numbers on both females died from senescence or parasitism Salix and Populus, but in all of these, 90% and new ones emerged from the soil. In the or more of the host records are Salix spp. present study, eggs were produced in the Therefore, if they do feed on both genera of laboratory by field-collected females of C. plants, they all show a very strong heikertingeri (Lazorko) from late May until preference for Salix spp. Only one of these August 25. Oviposition in the field has not species, solita, was actually observed to been observed in Crepidodera but it seems feed on leaves of Populus. This occurred in probable that eggs are placed the laboratory. in the soil or litter beneath the host plant. LIFE EISTORY Immature stages of Crepidodera are known only for 2 species, C. solita n. sp. Species of Crepidodera overwintering and C. heikertingeri (Lazorko) and are as adults, do so generally in the surface described for the first time in the species litter below their host plants (Loan, descriptions. 1967b). North American specimens have Eggs of the two species observed had an been recorded during winter months in incubation period ranging from 10 to 16 days different parts of the range overwintering in the laboratory at 22-24'C. The first in leaves, grasses, rotting wood, and instar larva emerges through a slit across "trash". A number of adults of 3 different the apex of the egg. The larvae resemble species have been found overwintering in the the root-feeding larvae of other genera such lichen, Usnea plicata (Old Man's Beard), as Epitrix Foudras and Phyllotreta growing on oak trees in Oregon. Stephens. They are long, slender and - -- 158 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 subcylindrical in shape and whitish in in Ontario. New-generation adults have been colour except for the head, prothorax and found near the beginning of August in both 9th abdominal tergum (anal plate) which are laboratory rearing (present study) and in brown. There are 3 larval instars, all of the field (Loan, 1967b). The population of which occur below the soil surface. new adults increases during August and At least the first and second instar remains on the host plants until the onset larvae feed by mining inside the smallest of cold weather or until the leaves have tender roots of the host plant. Mines fallen in late October. extend along the roots beneath the epidermis and the larvae consume the tissues of the SYSTEMATICS cortex and the soft tissues surrounding the Genus Crepidodera Chevrolat 1. vascular bundle. This is the first record of root-mining, particularly of woody Crepidodera Chevrolat 1837, p. 415; 1844 p. plants, in the Alticinae. Larvae of other 334; Stephens 1839, p. 294; Kuster genera of flea beetles also feed on the 1847-1848, VIII p. 94, IX p. 83-87, XV p. roots of their host (usually an herbaceous 91-93; Kutschera 1860, p. 68; Allard 1860, plant), but in a different manner. For p. 47; 1866a, p. 178; Thomson 1866, p. 215; example, the 1arv ae of Rornalt ica Crotch 1873, p. 57, 71; Redtenbacher 1874, atriveatris (Melsh.) occur in the soil p. 496; Harold 1875, p. 3, 33; Chapuis 1875, around the plant roots and feed on the small p. 52, 53; Seidlitz 1875, p. 494; Leesberg rootlets, often cutting them off (Balduf, 1881, p. 173; 1882, p. 137; Jacoby 1885, p. 1926). Similarly, the larvae of some 342; 1891, p. 283; Horn 1889, p. 236, 238, species of Phyllotreta feed on the root 316; Fowler 1890, p. 334, 379; Blatchley hairs or small tap roots of plants, 1910, p. 1206, 1212; Duckett 1920, p. 116, occasionally tunnelling into the stem near 148; Leng 1920, p. 300 (in part); Maulik the juncture of stem and roots (Chittenden 1926, p. 175, 234 (designation of type and Marsh, 1920; Westdal and Romanow, species); Hincks 1952, p. 113, 114; Gressitt 1972). Epitrix cucrnneris (~arris),a member and Kimoto 1963, p. 744, 773; Hatch 1971, of a genus closely related to Crepidodera, p. 219; Balsbaugh and Hays 1972, p. 123, feeds during the larval stages on potatoes, 155; Samuelson 1973, p. 13, 112. making surface tracks or tunnels in the Chalcoides Foudras 1859 (18601, p. 147; tubers (Jones, 1944). Full grown larvae of 1860a, p. 56; 1860b, p. 35, 312; Weise 1886, this species have been found feeding with p. 676, 713; 1888-1891 (1891), p. 800; Bedel the head in the potato tuber and the rest of 1889-1901 (1897), p. 168, 176; 1900, p. 289; the body supported by the soil (Anderson and Heikertinger 1911, p. 8-11, 19; 1924-1925, Walker, 1934). This type of feeding does p. 43, 52, 67, 69; 1948-1950, p. 34, not seem to occur in Crepidodera, Since 106-116, 133, 135; Schaufuss 1907-1916 exuviae are found inside mines, it appears (1913), p. 981, 985; Leng 1920, p. 300; likely that larvae remain inside the roots, Schaeffer 1924, p. 145; Chittenden 1925, p. perhaps occasionally leaving an old mine to 120; Beller and Hatch 1932, p. 106, 128; start a new one in another root. The mining Schaeffer 1932, p. 243; Rapp 1934, p. 395; behavior may be an adaptation to avoid the Heikertinger and Csiki 1939, p. 313-325; wet soil conditions in which the host Wilcox 1954, p. 436, 454; Dillon and Dillon willows grow and which are often prevalent 1961, p. 712; Chagnon et Robert 1962, p. well into the summer. It is probable that 317; Mohr 1966, p. 247; Lazorko 1974, p. mature third instar lavae leave the mines to 146-154. pupate in the soil. Foudrasia des Grozis 1882, p. 134 (new name The durations of each larval instar and for Chalcoides Foudras). the pupal stage are not known. In 1. For additional references see laboratory rearing of 2 species, the first Heikertinger and Csiki, 1939. new adults emerged within 48 to 50 days (7 Type Species: Chrysomela nit idula L ., weeks) after old adults had been confined in designated by Maulik 1926, p. 234. cages. Allowing for the incubation time of DIAGNOSIS: shape broadly oval and slightly eggs, the larval and pupal stages require, elongate to elongate-oval, moderately perhaps, 32 to 40 days for development. The convex; dorsum shining metallic with above time periods are very similar to the pronotum and elytra essentially unicolorous; development times observed in species of pronotum generally strongly punctate and other flea beetle genera by Chittenden and with a distinct prebasal transverse Marsh (1920), Jones (1944) and Westdal and impression limited on each side by a sharp Romanow (1972). longitudinal impression extending from base; There is only one generation per year space between transverse groove and base not Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI

TABLE 1. Known and probable host plants of North American Crepidodera spp.

(* indicates species records suspected to be adventitious)

Crepidodera spp. Host Plant Habit at Recorded -

Family Rosaceae Crataegus L. disturbed sites, *nana , thickets along streams * popul ivora , violacea

Prunus aericana moist woods, roadsides, *browui, *naaa , Marsh. fenc e-rows violacea

P. angustifolia sandy or sterile soil, violacea Marsh. open woods, thickets , fence-rows

P. pensylvanica L. dry or moist woods and violacea forest clearings

P. persica (L.) introduced *browni , *nana , Pat sch violacea

P. serotina Ehrh. roadsides, waste *browni , land, forest margins violacea

P. virginiana L. rich moist soils, violacea fence-rows, streams, forest margins

? Pyrus L. in cultivation violacea

Family Salicaceae Populus balsamifera wet woods, river *decors, *digaa, L. (=P. tacamahacca banks, lake shores *nana , Mill.) popul ivora, *solita

P. deltoides Marsh. low woods and moist *nana, *solita, (=P. virgiaiana prairies vaga Fourg .)

P. grandidentata dry woods, slopes, populivora, Michx . recent burns *solita

P. treauloides dry or moist soil, dry *decoras *digna, Michx. open woods, recent *heikertingeri, popul ivora , *solitas *spenceri

P. trichocarpa low-lying damp areas, "heikertingeri, Torr. & Gray sandy or gravelly populivora soils

Salix alba L. introduced, escaped solita along rivers ------160 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Crepidodera spp. Host Plant Habitat Recorded

S. alba x fragilis low areas, river decora , (hybrid) banks heikertingeri, solita

S. bebbiana Sarg. moist or wet places decora, heikertingeri

S. cordata Michx. sandy and alluvial sculpturata, shores solita

S. discolor Muhl. swamps and wet ground decora, heikertingeri, fpopulivora , solita

S . exigua Nut t . sandbars, streambanks nana , sculpturata

S. fragilis L. introduced, escaped in browni, decora, low areas, along river heikertingeri, banks, lake shores nana, solita, tpopulivora,

S. humilia Marsh. dry, often sandy nana (4. tristis Ait.) uplands, roadsides

S. interior Rowlee sandbars, mudbars, nana, solita moist alluvial soil

S. lasiolepis Benth. along rocky streams at aereola lower elevations (S. B.C. to Baja California) and arroyos

S. lucida Muhl. moist low ground, decora, digna, swamps, bogs, wet heikertingeri, meadows nana , *populivora

S. melanopsis Nutt. st ream banks sculpturata

S. aigra Marsh. alluvial soils along nana, solita streams, and in meadows S. patula nana

S. petiolaris Smith moist meadows, streambanks, decora, dlgna, (6. gracilis Anderss .) lake shores, bogs heikertingeri, nana , *populivora, sculpturata, solita Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 161

Crepidodera spp. Host Plant Habitat Recorded

introduced , escaped nana along river banks, lake shores, roadsides

S. pyrifolia Anderss. moist to wet or swampy digna ground, bogs

S, repens L. introduced from Europe nana (arboretum)

S, sericea Marsh. moist rocky ground, nana often near running water

Key to the United States and Canadian Species of Crepidodera Chevrolat

1. Colour entirely reddish-yellow to light reddish-brown except sutural region of elytra darker and with a faint greenish reflection as in head and pronotum; east-central United States; on Salix ...... 1 longula Horn Colour of dorsal surface metallic green, brassy-green, coppery, bronze, blue, violet, purplish, black or a combination of some of these colours; ventral surface black ...... 2 2. Dorsal surface violet or dark purple, dark blue, blue-green, greenish, all with violet reflections; pronotal ante-basal transverse impression shallow, feebly pronounced (Fig. 1); pronotal disc with major punctures fine to moderate in size (Fig. 1); eastern United States and Canada; on Prunus or Crataegus ...... 2 violacea Melsheimer Dorsal surface not violet and without violet reflections; pronotal ante-basal transverse impression deeper, strongly pronounced (as in Figs. 2, 3, 4); pronotal disc with major punctures moderate to coarse in size ...... 3 3. Elytral disc strongly, distinctly depressed behind basal one-quarter (Figs. 5, 6); vertex of head along anterior edge of pronotum strong1y, distinctly punctate (Fig. 2); southeastern United States; on Salix ...... 13 bella n. sp. Elytral disc at most only feebly depressed behind basal one-quarter (Fig. 7); vertex of head along anterior edge of pronotum smooth, occasionally with a few scattered fine punctures (as in Figs. 3, 4) ...... 4 4. Elytron at declivity bulging laterally, overhanging and hiding part of lateral margin (Fig. 8); dorsal surface metallic green, brassy-green, coppery-green, pure coppery, coppery-bronze or dark bronze; southern Ontario and eastern United states; on Salix ...... 6 browni n. sp. Elytron at declivity evenly rounded, not overhanging lateral margin (as in Fig. 9) or, if slightly bulging, dorsal surface not coloured as above or range differing from above ...... 5 5. Median setae of first abdominal sternum in both sexes short, sparse and inconspicuous (as in Fig. 16); major punctures of pronotum dense, very uniformly distributed, moderate to slightly coarse in size; elytral margins very narrow in dorsal view; dorsal surface black; California to British Columbia, Montana and Utah...... 3 spenceri (Lazorko) Median setae of first abdominal sternum in males longer and more conspicuous than in females (as in Fig. 11) or, in females, usually moderately dense; major punctures of pronotum sparse to dense, irregularly distributed, moderate to very coarse in size; elytral margins narrow or relatively broad in dorsal view; colour of dorsal surface variable ...... 6 6. Major pronotal punctures very coarse, equal to or greater than size of basal serial punctures of elytra, closely placed (Fig. 3); anterior pronotal angles strongly, INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

------acutely produced laterally (Fig. 3); median setae of first abdominal sternum in males uniformly dense, not forming a brush; California to Washington, Wyoming and Utah ...... 14 aereola (LeConte) Major pronotal punctures moderate to coarse, less or not greater than size of basal serial punctures of elytra, sparse to closely placed; anterior pronotal angles feebly produced; median setae of first abdominal sternum in males variable, uniformly dense or denser apically forming a brush ...... 7 7. Middle and hind trochanters each with a distinct posterior marginal brush of setae (as in Figs. 13, 15); metasternm medially almost entirely covered with setae almost as long and conspicuous as those of first abdominal sternum which is, especially in males, conspicuously hirsute from base to apex; dorsal surface dark bronze, dark greenish, purplish or black ...... 8 Middle and hind trochanters with a few inconspicuous setae as in adjacent parts of femora; metasternum inconspicuously to conspicuously setose medially but glabrous near midline in posterior two-thirds (as in Figs. 14, 16) ...... 9 8. Elytral margins strongly broadened in dorsal view (Fig. 9); male with median setae of first abdominal sternum slightly denser apically, forming a loose, poorly-defined brush (Fig. 15); major pronotal punctures dense, coarse in size; dorsal surface dark bronze, purplish or greenish ...... 10 heikertingeri (Lazorko) Elytral margins moderately broad in dorsal view; male with median setae of first abdominal sternum not forming a brush (Fig. 13) ; major pronotal punctures sparse, moderate in size; dorsal surface black...... 11. digna n. sp. 9. Apical margin of last abdominal sternum emarginate, with an inflected median lobe (Fig. 11) ...... (males) 10 Apical margin of last abdominal sternum rounded or almost truncate, without a median lobe (Fig. 12) ...... (females) 20 MALES 10. Median pubescence of first abdominal sternum not or barely denser apically, not forming a brush (Fig. 11) ...... 11 Median pubescence of first abdominal sternum denser apically forming a distinct brush near hind margin. (Fig. 14) ...... 13 11. Shape oval, slightly elongate; dorsum dark purple to black, rarely blue or blue-green; on Populus ...... 12 populivora n. sp. Shape elongate; dorsum bright green, blue-green, brassy-green, coppery-green, pure coppery to dark bronze; on Salix ...... 12 12. Pronotum appearing strongly convex or slightly swollen anteriorly (Fig. 4) ; elytral margins narrow in dorsal view; median lobe of genitalia evenly arcuate in lateral view (Fig. 31) ...... 15 sculpturata (Lazorko) Pronotum moderately convex, not appearing swollen anteriorly (as in Figs. 1, 2, 3); elytral margins narrow to moderately broad in dorsal view; median lobe of genitalia in lateral view, bent at basal one-third, straight in apical two-thirds (Fig. 32) ...... 16 nana (Say) (in part) 13. Colour of dorsum dark bronze or coppery bronze to purplish ...... 14 Colour of dorsum bright green, blue-green, brassy-green, bronze-green or coppery-green ...... 17 14. Elytral margins moderately to strongly broadened in dorsal view (as in Fig. 9); brush of setae on first abdominal sternum very distinct, well-defined (Fig. 14) ...... 4 eolita n. sp. Elytral margins narrow in dorsal view (as in Fig. 10); brush of setae on first abdominal sternum distinct, well-defined or poorly developed to obsolete ...... 15 15. Median lobe of genitalia, in lateral view, bent at basal one-third, straight in apical two-thirds (Fig. 32) ...... 16 nana (Say) (in part) Median lobe of genitalia, in lateral view, evenly arcuate ...... 16 16. Median lobe of genitalia, in dorsal view, strongly narrowed in apical one-third (Fig. 25) ...... 9 vaga n. sp. Median lobe of genitalia, in dorsal view, of almost even thickness or only slightly tapered in apical two-thirds (Fig. 23) ...... 7 opulenta (LeConte) (in part) 17. Median lobe of genitalia, in lateral view, bent at basal one-third, straight in apical two-thirds (Fig. 32) ...... 16 nana (Say) (in part) Median lobe of genitalia, in lateral view, evenly arcuate ...... 18 Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 163

18. Range in southwestern United States; elytral margins narrow in dorsal view (as in Fig. 10) ...... 7 opulenta (~e~onte)(in part) Range in eastern United States and Canada; elytral margins narrow to moderately broad in dorsal view ...... 19 19. Elytral margins moderately broad in dorsal view; major pronotal punctures sparse to moderately dense; ventral side of median lobe of genitalia without distinct longitudinal impressions at middle (Fig. 21) ...... 5 decora n. sp. Elytral margins relatively narrow in dorsal view; major pronotal punctures dense; ventral side of median lobe of genitalia with a distinct longitudinal impression on each side at middle. (Fig. 24) ...... 8 luminosa n. sp. FEMALES 20. Dorsal surface dark bronze, coppery-bronze, dark blue, dark purple to black ...... 21 Dorsal surface green, blue-green, brassy-green, bronze-green or coppery-green ...... 25 Elytral margins moderately to strongly broadened in dorsal view (as in Fig. 9); first abdominal sternum with a median patch of very crowded setiferous punctures near hind margin (as in Fig. 16) ...... 4 solita n. sp. Elytral margins narrow in dorsal view; first abdominal sternum with setiferous punctures uniformly placed or only slightly crowded medially near hind margin...... 22 22. First abdominal sternum with setiferous punctures uniformly distributed medially, not more crowded near hind margin; shape more broadly oval; dorsal surface dark purple to black; on Populus spp ...... 12 populivora n. sp. First abdominal sternum with a median patch of slightly crowded punctures near hind margin; shape elongate-oval ...... 23 23. Range in Arizona, California and Utah ...... 7 opulenta (LeConte) (in part) Range other than above ...... 24 24. Spermatheca with receptacle oval in shape (Fig. 45) ...... 9 vaga n. sp. Spermatheca with receptacle globular (Fig. 52) ...... 16 nana (Say) (in part) 25. Elytral margins moderately broad in dorsal view (as in Fig. 9) ...... 26 Elytral margins narrow in dorsal view (as in Fig. 10) ...... 28 26. Elytral margin at declivity strongly rounded to apex; dorsal surface green to blue-green ...... 5 decora n. sp. Elytral margin at declivity more gradually rounded to apex ...... 27 27. Spermatheca (Fig. 44) with receptacle elongate-oval in shape...... 8 ldnosa n. sp. (in part) Spermatheca (Fig. 52) with receptacle globular in shape...... 16 nana (Say) (in part) 28. Pronotum appearing slightly swollen or more convex anteriorly (as in Fig. 4); shape more elongate ...... 15 sculpturata (Lazorko) Pronotum not swollen or more convex anteriorly (as in Figs. 1,2,3); shape elongate-oval ...... 29 29. Range east of Great Lakes and Mississippi River ...... 8 ldnoea n. sp. (in part) Range west of Great Lakes and Mississippi River ...... 30 30. Range in Arizona, California and Utah ...... 7 opulenta (LeConte) (in part) Range east and north of above ...... 16 nana (Say) (in part) swollen, almost flat; elytra glabrous, 1. Crepidodera longula Horn regularly punctate-striate; procoxal Figs. 17, 37; Map 1. cavities closed behind; hind tarsi with apical segment not globular; tarsal claws Crepidodera longula Horn 1889, p. 240, 316 appendiculate; head with frontal tubercles (type locality, near McPherson, Kansas); elongate, oblique, convex, sharply delimited Henshaw 1895, p. 28; Blatchley 1910, p. dorsally by distinct furrows; surface 1213; Leng 1920, p. 300; Heikertinger between frontal tubercle and margin of eye 1924-1925, p. 65; Douglass 1929, p. 31; conspicuously, moderately punctate. Balsbaugh and Hays 1972, p. 156. INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

- Chalcoides longala (Horn) ; Schaeffer 1932, (ab. violacea Melsh.) , (in part). p. 243; Heikertinger and Csiki 1939, p. 324; TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype, here designated, Heikertinger 1948-1950, p. 115, 136; Wilcox male, with the labels "Pennsylvania, 1954, p. 455; Lazorko 1974, p. 146, 152, Melsheimer"/"Lectotype, Crepidodera 153. violacea Melsh 8, R.H. Parry, 1976". This TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype, here designated: specimen is "in the ~elsheimer-Ziegler male, with labels "Ks"/"Lectotype Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, 3836"/ "Lec to type , Crepidodera longula Horn, Harvard University. 6, R.H. Parry, 1976". This specimen is in The lectotype is the tenth in a series the Horn Collection, Museum of Comparative of 12 specimens. The first specimen in the Zoology, Harvard University. The lectotype series, a female, has a piece of red paper is accompanied by one female and two male on the pin but bears only the label specimens, each with the label "Ks" and a "Melsh". Therefore, it seems appropriate to blue "Paratype" label with the numbers select as lectotype the above male with a 3836.2, 3836.3 and 3836.4 respectively. label denoting the type locality. The Paratype 3836.4 has the head missing. lectotype fits Melsheimer's description In addition, the LeConte Collection, except that the antennae, palpi and tarsi M.C.Z., contains a single specimen of this are rufotestaceous rather than species labelled "Ks". This probably yellow-testaceous, the sides of the pronotum belongs to the type series. are moderately rounded rather than feebly DIAGNOSIS: reddish-yellow to reddish-brown; rounded, and the length is 2.6 m rather setae on first abdominal sternum short and than 1.1 mu. Another female specimen, inconspicuous (both sexes). besides the female mentioned above, bears MATERIAL EXAMINED: 35 specimens. UNITED only the label "Melsh". Four specimens STATES : Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, besides the lectotype bear the label Kentucky, Missouri, Texas. (see Map 1). "Pennsylvania, Melsheimer". A single male REMARKS. Variation in the specimens is labelled "Pa, Ziegler" and 4 specimens on examined is slight. The size and spacing of one pin are labelled only "Ziegler". the larger pronotal punctures varies among In addition to the type series, 6 specimens, some having them rather small and specimens of violacea labelled only sparse and others having coarser, more "Melsh." occur in the Melsheimer-Ziegler closely placed punctures, giving the disc a Collection but do not seem to be placed slight rugose appearance. The median lobe under any name. A single female specimen in specimens from Texas is slightly more of violacea labelled "Melsh." is found under narrowly rounded at the tip than in Fig. 17. the name Caeporie oaaa and 2 specimens, a 2. Crepidodera violacea Melsheimer male labelled "Pennsylvania, Melsheimer" and Figs. 1, 18, 38; Map 2. a specimen (sex undetermined) labelled "Pennsylvania, Ziegler" occur under the Crepidodera violacea ~elsheimer1847, p. 164 name Crepidodera belxines. (type locality, Pennsylvania) ; Balsbaugh and DIAGNOSIS: dorsal surface violet to dark Hays 1972, p. 155. blue; pronotum with generally fine Crepidodera helxines ( L. ) ; Crotch punctation; pronotal transverse groove (misidentification) 1873, p. 71 (in art) ; feebly impressed (less strongly pronounced Hamilton 1889, p. 149; Horn 1889, p. 316; than in other species); setae of the first Hamilton 1894, p. 399; Duckett 1920, p. 149. abdominal sternum in the male short, Chalcoides helxines ( L. ) ; Leng inconspicuous (both sexes). (misidentification) 1920, p. 300 (in art); MATERIAL EXAMINED: 1100 specimens. CANADA: Beller and Hatch 1932, p. 125, 129 Ontario, Quebec. UNITED STATES: Colorado, (ab. violacea) . Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Chalcoides helxines violacea (Me1 sh .) ; Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Schaeffer 1924, p. 145. Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Chalcoides fulvicornis violacea (Me 1sh .) ; Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Chittenden 1925, p. 120. York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Chalcoides fulvicornis ( Fab r .) ; He ikert inger Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, and Csiki (misidentification) 1939, p. 320 Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West (ab. violacea Melsh.) , (in part). Virginia. (see Map 2). Chalcoides violacea (~elsh.) ; Heikert inger REMARKS. Variation in C. violacea was 1948-1950, p. 110 (fig.), 116, 136; Wilcox pointed out by Melsheimer (1847) in the 1954, p. 455; Lazorko 1974, p. 146, 150, original description. He described, in 152, 153. addition to his "type", 3 varieties of which Crepidodera nana (Say); Ratch 1971, p. 219 2 are based on slight colour differences and Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECT'A MUNDI 165 differences in the punctat ion and smoothness than the basal segments, becoming piceous or of the pronotum. His third variety (Var c) almost black apically. A number of differs mainly in being "brilliant brassy" specimens, however, have the more dist a1 and in having the elytra "indented behind segments scarcely or no darker than the the base towards the suture". These basal ones. Rarely, the antenna is entirely characters lead me to suspect that this dark except for the basal two or three "variety" is probably a different species, segments. The hind femora are typically although I found no examples of it with the entirely piceous but in some specimens, type material in the Melsheimer-Ziegler especially many from California, they are Collection. partially light to dark reddish-brown or The specimens examined show some entirely the same colour as the remainder of variation in colour. The majority have the the legs. dorsal surface either entirely violaceous or In the majority of specimens, the dark blue to blue-green with violet pronotal punctation is (as described by reflections. Others have the pronotum and Lazorko, 1974) moderate1 y strong , dense and elytra differing in shade, the elytra quite uniform. Very few specimens have the violaceous or blue to blue-green with violet pronotum more finely and sparsely punct ate reflections and the pronotum more greenish, giving the disc a smoother appearance while or vice versa. A few specimens are a number of specimens have coarser, blue-green, dark green or slightly virtually contiguous punctures making the brassy-green above with no trace of violet. disc appear somewhat rugose. Variation in the median lobe is slight. 4. Crepidodera solita new species Some specimens are not as strongly broadened Figs. 14, 20, 40; Map 4 apically as in Fig. 18 and have the tip slightly more narrowly rounded. DIAGNOSIS: dorsal surface dark bronze to 3. Crepidodera spenceri (Lazorko) coppery-bronze with margins greenish; shape new combination elongate-oval; major pronotal punctures Figs. 19, 39; Map 3. moderate to coarse in size; elytral declivity evenly rounded; elytral disc at Chalcoides spenceri Lazorko 1974, p. 147, most only very feebly depressed behind basal 148 (fig.), 150, 151, 153 (type locality, one-quarter; lateral margins of elytra Vancouver, British Columbia). moderately to strongly broadened in dorsal TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Vancouver, view, visible for their entire length; British Columbia, 1J.B.C. Endow. Lands, metasternum glabrous near midline in on Salix sp., June 10, 1953, W. Lazorko (W. posterior two-thirds; males with pubescence Lazorko Coll.) . A1 lotype: Female, same of first abdominal sternum longer and more data as holotype (W. Lazorko Coll.). conspicuous than in females, denser apically Paratypes: 5 males, 5 females, Vancouver, forming a distinct, sharply-defined median British Columbia, U.B.C. Endow. Lands and brush near hind margin (Fig. 14); middle and Shaughnessy Hosp. Lands, W. Lazorko (W. hind trochanters without a distinct brush of Lazorko Coll.; 1 female, L.G. Gentner setae. Coll.). MALE. Holotype: length 2.4 mm, greatest No type material was seen. The name is width 1.2 mm. Shape elongate-oval; length applied on the basis of the original equal to twice the width. Dorsum shining, description and a single female topotype metallic; vertex of head dark bronze-green; bearing tazorko's determination label. pronotum and elytra dark bronze with green DIAGNOSIS: anterior pronotal angles very reflections at margins; head below vertex prominent ; disc with dense, rather uniform dark green to blue-green; scutellum punc tat ion; dorsal surface black; pronotal piceous. Antennae and legs testaceous. transverse groove strongly impressed; the Ventral surface shining black. elytral margins very narrow; first abdominal Vertex of head along anterior edge of sternum with setae short, sparse and pronotum smooth, very finely punctulate. inconspicuous (in both sexes). Pronotum with sides slightly sinuous with MATERIAL EXAMINED: 329 specimens . CANADA: apical two-thirds moderately arcuate and British Columbia. UNITED STATES : basal one-third subparallel; anterior angles California, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, feebly produced, truncation slightly less Washington. (see Map 3). than length of second antenna1 segment. REMARKS. There is some variation in the Ante-basal transverse groove deep, strongly colour pattern of the antennae and legs in pronounced. Major punctures of pronotal this species. The antennae typically have disc dense, irregularly distributed; size the distal one-ha1 f to two-thirds darker moderately coarse, close or equal to size of 166 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 basal serial punctures of elytra; punctures Vista, Garland, Keenesburg, Littleton, in interspaces minute, much smaller than Mesa. Illinois: Bowmanville, Chicago, Glen major punctures. Elytron at declivity Ellyn, Homewood, Mt. Forest, Palos Park, evenly rounded; disc in basal one-half Sauk Trail Forest Pres. (Steger), St. almost evenly convex. Lateral margins of Joseph, Volo, Willow's Sprgs. Indiana: elytra moderately broad in dorsal view, Bluffton, Hesseville, Monroe, Vera Cruz, visible for entire length. Elytral striae Vermillion, Vero Co. Iowa: Adair Co., strongly, distinctly punctate from base to Adams Co., Crawford Co., Jones Co., Lake apex. Metasternum medially somewhat Okoboj i. Kansas: Onaga, Topeka. Michigan: sparsely, conspicuously setose except Selfridge Field. Montana : Bo zeman , glabrous near midline in posterior Gallatin Co. Nebraska: near Brady. New two-thirds. First abdominal sternum (Fig. Pork: Bridgeport, Danby, Honeoye Falls, 14) medially with a very dense patch of Howland Id., Ithaca, Kingston, Lake Placid, long, erect setae near apical margin forming Olcott, Penn Yan, Stanley. North Dakota: a conspicuous well-defined brush; area Golden Valley Co., Heart Butte Dam. anterior to brush sparsely setose. Middle Oregon: Burlingtoa, Corvallis, Dayton, and hind trochanters with a few Orenco, Westport, Willamette Valley. South inconspicuous setae as in adjacent parts of Dakota: Aberdeen, Badlands, Beresford, Big femora. Stone, Bigstone City, Blunt, Brookings, Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 20) 0.8 Canning, Ceder Canyon, Chamberlain, Clark mm long, evenly arcuate except slightly Co., Cottonwood, Dimock, Dry Lake, Elk recurved at apex; in dorsal view, of even Point, Fort Pierre, Fort Thompson, thickness in apical two-thirds except Gettesburg, Gregory, Hecla, Highmore, slightly tapered near tip; tip rounded, Kennebec, Kimball, Lake City , Lake Oakwood, appearing subtruncate. Ventral side smooth Lake Pointsett, Lead, Mason, Midland, except for a short, shallow median furrow at Newell, Nisland, Phillip, Pierre, Presho, apex. Sisseton, Spearfish, Springfield, Sturgis, FEMALE. Allotype: length 2.8 mm, greatest Union Co. State Park, Vayland, Vermillion, width 1.4 mm. Similar to male except for Volga, Walker, Waubay, Wentworth, sexual differences at apex of abdomen; setae Yankton. Utah: Logan, Provo. Washington: of metasternum and first abdominal sternum Hover, Lake Semanish State Park, Lewis and shorter and less conspicuous; first Clark State Park, Yakima River (Yakima abdominal sternum lacking a brush oE setae Co.). Wisconsin: Madison. (see Map 4). but with a median patch of very crowded Paratypes are deposited in the following setiferous punctures near hind margin; and collections: CAS, CNC, CSCA, CU, FMNH, the following non-sexual difference: HAHC, MCZ, OSU, RHP, SDSU, UA, USNM. antennae and legs ru£otestaceous. VARIATION. Males range from 2.1 to 2.9 m TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Port Rowan, in length and from 1.0 to 1.4 mm in greatest Ontario, June 23, 1944, W.J. Brown, width. Females range from 2.3 to 3.4 mm in onSalix(CNC No. 15394). Allotype: length and from 1.2 to 1.7 mm in greatest Female, same data as holotype (CNC No. width. In both sexes, the length is equal 15394). Both holotype and allotype are in to or slightly greater than twice the the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. width. Variation in colour is slight. The Paratypes: 1151 specimens. CANADA. pronotum and elytra are typically dark Alberta: Calgary, Edmonton, Kimball, bronze to coppery-bronze with the margins Lethbridge, Scandia. British Columbia: greenish. A few specimens, mostly from Canal Flats, Creston, Golden, Hatzic, British Columbia, have the dorsum Kamloops, Mission City, Oliver, Salmon Arm, bronze-green to coppery-green. Antennae and Similkameen R. (7 mi. S. Cawston), Sirdar, legs range from light testaceous to Sumas Pr. Manitoba: Brandon, Ceder Lake, rufotestaceous with the hind femora Minnedosa, Morris, Ninette, The Pas, occasionally slightly darker or partially Winnipeg, 51 mi. E. Winnipeg. Ontario: piceous. The metasternum and first Ancaster, Cumberland, Delhi, Dunnville, abdominal sternum occasionally show a Georgetown, Kingsville, Leamington, greenish reflection. The sides of the Merivale, Moose Factory, Moosonee, Ojibway, pronotum range from evenly arcuate in very Ottawa, Pelee Island, Point Pelee, Port few specimens to slightly sinuous with the Rowan, Simcoe, Terra Cotta, Tilbury, Turkey apical two-thirds feebly to strongly Point, Walsingham, Wheatley. Quebec: Hull, arcuate. Major pronotal punctation varies Montreal, St. Hilaire. Saskatchewan: among specimens from moderately sparse to Assiniboia, Lumsden, Sask. Landing, very dense. Size of the punctures ranges Saskatoon . UNITED STATES. Colorado : Buena from moderate to coarse, about equal to the -- - Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 167 size of the basal serial punctures of the each with a central pair of dark hatching elytra. The punctures of the interspaces spines located medially and with 2 rows of range from very fine to about one-half the setae -- anterior row with 1 short lateral diameter of the major punctures. Unlike the pair and 1 long central pair, posterior row holo type, some specimens have the elytral with 3 long pairs located 1 pair centrally, disc slightly depressed behind the basal 1 pair posterior to hatching spines and 1 one-quarter. The lateral margins of the pair laterally; lateral margins of mesonotum elytra range from moderately broad to more and metanotum each with a long, strong, conspicuously broad as in heikertiageri laterally-projecting medial seta and 2 short (Fig. 9). Male genitalia range in length setae -- 1 located anterodorsal and 1 from 0.7 to 0.8 mm. In dorsal view, the located posteroventral to median seta; median lobe varies from slightly tapered at thoracic sterna each with 2 central pairs of the aperture to slightly broadened. In setae -- a long anterior pair and a shorter females, spermathecae range in length from posterior pair; prothoracic sternum also 0.17 to 0.21 mm and are similar to Fig. 40. with a lateral pair of setae located FIRST INSTAR LARVA: Length about 1.0 mm, anterior to legs. Legs short, &-segmented greatest width about 0.2 mm. Maximum length with 4th segment terminated by a moderately of head capsule 0.18 to 0.22 mm, maximum curved claw and a membranous empodium; width 0.16 to 0.18 mm. Colour pale segments 1 to 4 each with several short to yellowish-white (when alive) except head and moderately long setae. terga of prothorax and 9th abdominal segment Abdomen 10-segmented; segments 1 to 8 light brown. Body orthosomatic, each divided dorsally into 3 transverse subcylindrical, slightly flattened folds -- anterior fold with 3 pairs of long ventrally, widest at thorax and slightly setae, medial fold with 1 short pair and narrowed posteriorly. posterior fold with 3 long pairs plus a Head nutant, prognathous, notched very short pair ventral to lateral-most pair posteriorly; labrum short, transverse, of long setae; pleural area of segments 1 to slightly rounded anteriorly, with a lateral 8 with a long, strong medial seta and a pair of long setae placed medially, a shorter seta anteroventral to medial seta; central pair of moderately long setae placed venter of segments 1 to 8 with 2 transverse basally and 2 central pairs of short setae rows of setae -- anterior row with 2 pairs at anterior margin; clypeus short, and posterior row with 3 pairs; 9th segment transverse, with a lateral pair of short with a sclerotized, spatulate, posteriorly setae placed medially, and 2 central pairs rounded dorsal plate (anal plate); anal of very short setae placed basally; frons plate flat, with 1 anterior pair and 1 triangular, distinctly separated from medial pair of moderately long setae located epicranium by V-shaped frontal suture, with centrally and with 4 pairs of long setae and 4 pairs of long setae -- a lateral pair at 1 pair of very short setae located laterally anterior margin and 3 central pairs located and posteriorly; venter of 9th segment with anteriorly, medially and posteriorly; a transverse row of 2 pairs of long setae; epicranium divided posteriorly by a short 10th segment reduced, hidden from above by coronal suture, with 10 pairs of setae -- 5 9th segment, disc-like with a single median dorsal pairs, 2 lateral pairs and 3 ventral anal proleg. pairs; ocelli absent. Antenna short, Spiracles small, annular; 1 pair on 2-segmented, attached to head by a broad mesothorax and 1 pair on each of abdominal membrane, first segment with several segments 1 to 8. sensilla. Mandible palmate, 5-toothed, the The above description is based on 12 3rd tooth the most elongate. Maxillary specimens reared from adults collected in palpus prominent, conical, 3-segmented, with Ottawa, Ontario. apical segment as long as the other 2 The second instar larva, third instar combined. Labium with mentum subquadrate larva and pupa of this species are unknown. and submentum rectangular; labial palpus A single first instar larva was found short, 2-segmented, apical segment in the roots of a potted willow (Salix elongate-conical; submentum with 1 anterior alba x fragilis) removed from a rearing cage pair and 1 posterior pair of setae. (No. 3) on July 11, 28 days after adults had Thorax distinctly 3-segmented; been placed in the cage. The larva was prothorax with a slightly sclerotized, mining below the epidermis of a small root longitudinally divided, transverse tergal about 0.5 mm in diameter. When the mine was shield bearing anteriorly a row of 5 pairs dissected, the larva emerged and crawled of setae and posteriorly a row of 3 pairs of around the dish containing the washed roots setae; mesothorax and metathorax dorsally but did not resume feeding. When placed on 168 INSECT A MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 a fresh new root of S. alba x fragilis and feebly produced, truncation slightly less left overnight, the larva chewed at several than length of second antennal segment. places on a small lateral root but did not Antebasal transverse groove deep, strongly mine. It became inactive and died several pronounced. Major punctures of pronotal hours later. Some of the other small, disc moderately dense, irregularly tender roots on the same plant contained distributed; size moderate to slightly vacant larval mines. Some mines ran for a coarse, the latter close or equal to size of short distance along a root and out into basal serial punctures of elytra; punctures smaller lateral roots. Entrance or exit in interspaces minute, much smaller than holes were apparent in each mine. Larvae major punctures. Elytron at declivity had fed on the tissues of the cortex and on evenly rounded; disc in basal one-half the tender tissues, probably endodermis and almost evenly convex. Lateral margins of pericycle, surrounding the central vascular elytra moderately broad in dorsal view, bundle. Reddish-brown frass occurred visible for entire length. Elytral striae throughout the mines. strongly, distinctly punctate from base to REMARKS. The characters given in the apex. Metasternum medially somewhat diagnosis will separate solita from all the sparsely, inconspicuously setose except other species. However, solita may be glabrous near midline in posterior confused with vaga, similarly coloured two-thirds. First abdominal sternum specimens of nana and, possibly, opulenta. medially with a very dense patch of long, The lateral elytral margins in solita are erect setae near apical margin forming a distinctly broader than in opulenta and conspicuous well-defined brush; area slightly broader than in vaga and nana. anterior to brush sparsely setose. Middle Males can usually be separated from those and hind trochanters with a few of opulenta and nana by the more inconspicuous setae as in adjacent parts of sharply-def ined apical brush of setae on the femora. first abdominal sternum. Males of solita Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 21) 0.8 can easily be distinguished from those nun long, evenly arcuate except slightly of nana and vaga by the shape of the recurved at apex; in dorsal view, of even genitalia (Fig. 20). The shape of the thickness in apical two-thirds except spermatheca (Fig. 40) in females will also slightly narrowed at tip; tip rounded. readily separate solita from the other three Ventral side smooth except for a short, species. shallow median furrow at apex. 5. Crepidodera decora new species FEMALE. Allotype: length 2.9 mm, greatest Figs. 21, 41; Map 5. width 1.4 mm. Similar to male except for sexual differences at apex of abdomen; setae DIAGNOSIS: dorsal surface bright green to of first abdominal sternum shorter and less blue-green; elytral declivity evenly conspicuous; first abdominal sternum lacking rounded; lateral margins of elytra a brush of setae but with a median patch of moderately broad in dorsal view, visible for crowded setiferous punctures near hind their entire length; males with pubescence margin; and the following non-sexual of first abdominal sternum longer and more differences: anterior pronotal angles with conspicuous than in females, denser apically truncation equal to length of second forming a distinct, sharply-defined median antennal segment; major pronotal punctures brush near hind margin; median lobe of male slightly more dense. genitalia evenly arcuate in lateral view, TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Ottawa, without conspicuous ventral sculpture except Ontario, May 31, 1962, W.J. Brown, on Salix for a shallow median furrow at apex. discolor (CNC No. 15395). Allotype: MALE. Holotype: length 2.4 mm, greatest Female, same data as holotype (CNC No. width 1.1 mm. Shape elongate-oval; length 15395). Both holotype and allotype are in slightly greater than twice the width. the Canadian National Collection, Ottawa. Dorsum shining, metallic; vertex of head, Paratypes: 360 specimens. CANADA. pronotum and elytra green; head below vertex Ontario: Arnprior , Bell's Corners, blue-green; scutellum piceous. Antennae and Blackburn, Brittania Hts., Constance Bay, legs ruf otestaceous. Ventral surf ace Delhi, Georgetown, Hazeldean, Kinburn, shining black. Marmora, Merivale, Ottawa, Ramsayville Vertex of head along anterior edge of Marsh, Simcoe. Quebec: Carman Lake, Farm pronotum smooth, very finely punctulate. Point, Gatineau Pk. , Hull, Knowlton, Pronotum with sides slightly sinuous with Knowlton's Landing. UNITED STATES. apical two-thirds feebly arcuate and basal Connecticut: New Haven. Massachusetts: one-third subparallel; anterior angles Boston, West Medford. Michigan: Lansing, Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 169

- - New Baltimore. New Barpsbire: Exeter, Mt. major punctation of the pronotum is Washington, N. Conway, Rumney. New York: generally denser and slightly coarser than Ithaca, Lake Placid, Whiteface Mt., Wayne in decora. Male genitalia in decora differ Co. (see Map 5). Paratypes are deposited in slightly from those in lrninosa in lacking the following collections: CAS, CNC, CSCA, distinct longitudinal impressions on the CU, FMNH, HAHC, MCZ, OSU, RHP, USNM. ventral side. In shape, decora usually VARIATION. Males range from 2.0 to 2.8 mm differs from both lrninosa and naaa in in length and from 0.9 to 1.3 mm in greatest having the sides of the elytra at the width. Females range from 2.3 to 3.2 mm in declivities more strongly rounded to the length and from 1.1 to 1.6 mm in greatest apex. In luminosa and nana, the sides of width. In both sexes, the length ranges the elytra are generally slightly more from equal to twice the width to slightly gradually rounded at the declivities. It greater than twice the width. Variation in is, however, very difficult to color is slight. The head, pronotum and separate decora from eastern specimens elytra range from green to blue-green. of nana except by the distinct difference in Antennae are typically entirely the shape of the male genitalia (Fig. 21) rufotestaceous but occasionally have the and female spermatheca (Fig. 41). The shape apical one-half darker to dark of the spermatheca will also separate reddish-brown. Hind femora range from females of decora and lminosa. entirely rufotestaceous to partially or 6. Crepidodera browni new species entirely dark reddish-brown to piceous. The Figs. 8, 22, 42; Map 6. metasternum and first abdominal sternum occasionally show a greenish reflection. DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface bright green, The sides of the pronotum range from evenly, brassy-green, coppery-green, pure coppery, feebly to moderately arcuate in a few coppery-bronze or dark bronze colour; elytra specimens to slightly sinuous with the in both sexes bulging laterally at the apical two-thirds feebly to moderately declivities to overhang and hide part of the arcuate and the basal one-third lateral margins (Fig. 8); males with the subparallel. The anterior pronotal angles pubescence of the first abdominal sternum have the truncation equal to or slightly longer and more conspicuous than in females, less than the length of the second antennal pubescence denser apically forming a segment. The major punctation of the distinct, feebly to strongly-defined median pronotal disc varies from sparse to very brush near the hind margin. dense, the size of the punctures ranging MALE. Holotype: length 2.7 mm, greatest from fine to moderate in some specimens and width 1.35 mm. Shape elongate-oval; length from moderate to coarse in others. The equal to twice the width. Dorsum shining, small punctures of the pronotal interspaces metallic; head, pronotum and elytra range from very fine to about one-half the brassy-green; scutellum black. Antennae and diameter of the major punctures. Male legs rufotestaceous. Ventral surface genitalia range in length from 0.7 to 0.8 shining black. mm. In dorsal view, the median lobe varies Vertex of head along anterior edge of from slightly tapered at the aperture to pronotum smooth, very finely punctulate. slightly broadened and the tip ranges from Pronotum with sides slightly sinuous with narrowly to broadly rounded. In females, apical two-thirds moderately arcuate and spermathecae range from 0.20 to 0.25 mm in basal one-third subparallel; anterior angles length and are similar to Fig. 41. feebly produced, truncation slightly less REMARKS. The characters given in the than length of second antennal segment. diagnosis and its eastern range should Ante-basal transverse groove deep, strongly separate decora from all the other species. pronounced. Major punctures of pronotal On the basis of external characters, decora disc dense, irregularly distributed; size will easily be confused with lrninosa, moderate, smaller than basal serial nana, and possibly sculpturata. In colour punctures of elytra; punctures in and shape, decora is similar to some interspaces minute to about one-half sculpturata but can be distinguished from diameter of major punctures. Elytron (Fig. this species by the distinctly broader 8) at declivity slightly bulging laterally elytral margins and, in males, by the to overhang margin; disc gently depressed pubescence of the first abdominal sternum behind basal one-quarter. Lateral margins forming a distinct median brush near the of elytra narrow in dorsal view, hidden at hind margin. The elytral margins declivity by bulge. Elytral striae in decora are generally only slightly strongly, distinctly punctate from base to broader than in lurinosa. In ldnosa, the apex. Metasternum medially somewhat 170 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 sparsely, inconspicuously setose except Pennsylvania: Allegheny Co., Clarks Ferry, glabrous near midline in posterior Easton, Reading. South Carolina: Aiken, two-thirds. First abdominal sternum Clemson, Greenwook CO. Tennessee: medially with a dense patch of long, erect Clarksville, Oak Ridge, Rhea Col, Roane setae near apical margin forming a Co. Texas: Austin, Corsicana, Houston, conspicuous, slightly loose brush; area Jewett, Kerrville, Leon Co., Longview, anterior to brush moderately densely Marshall, Nacodoches, Navasota, Tatum. setose. Middle and hind trochanters with a Vermont: Brattleboro. Virginia: Alex. few inconspicuous setae as in adjacent parts Co., Fredericksberg, Great Falls, Nelson of femora. Co. , Rosslyn. West Virginia: Fairmont . Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 22) 0.8 (see Map 6). Paratypes are deposited in the mm long, evenly arcuate from base to apex; following collections: CAS, CNC, CSCA, in dorsal view, of even thickness in apical FMNH, HAHC, OSU, RHP, SDSU, UA, USNM. two-thirds except slightly narrowed at tip; VARIATION. Males range from 2.1 to 2.8 mn tip rounded. Ventral side with a shallow in length and from 1.0 to 1.4 mm in greatest longitudinal impression on each stde at width. Females range from 2.4 to 3.3 nnn in middle and a short, shallow longitudinal length and from 1.2 to 1.7 mm in greatest median furrow at apex. width. In both sexes, the length ranges FEMALE. Allotype: length 2.8 mm, greatest from equal to twice the width to slightly width 1.4 mm. Similar to male except for greater than twice the width. There is sexual differences at apex of abdomen; setae considerable variation in the colour of the of metasternum and first abdominal sternum dorsal surface. Specimens vary in colour shorter and less conspicuous; first from green, brassy-green or coppery-green to abdominal sternum lacking a brush of setae pure coppery, coppery-bronze or dark but with a median patch of slightly crowded bronze. This variation appears to be setiferous punctures near hind margin; and clinal. Specimens from the northeastern the following non-sexual differences: major part of the range, from Massachusetts and punctures of pronotal disc slightly coarser, Ontario to Georgia are generally green or punctures of interspaces minute. greenish while specimens from Florida to TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Plummers Texas and from Iowa, Kansas and southern Island Maryland, May 23, 1964, Illinois are darker, from pure coppery to on Salix, W.J. Brown collector (CNC No. coppery-bronze or dark bronze. Material 15396). Allotype: Female, same data as from Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi holotype (CNC No. 15396). Both holotype and includes both greenish and coppery to dark allotype are in the Canadian National bronze specimens. Collection, Ottawa. Greenish specimens exhibit some Paratypes: 444 specimens. CANADA. variation in shade. They range f rom Alberta: Medicine Hat. Ontario: unicolorous, with the head, pronotum and Brittania, New Sarum, Walsingham. UNITED elytra green or brassy-green, to slightly STATES. Alabama: Coleta, Jackson. bicolorous with head and pronotum green, District of Columbia: Rock Creek Pk. blue-green or brassy-green and the elytra Florida: Oak Grove. Georgia: Hiawassee. more brassy or coppery. Also, the head may Illinois: Cairo, Chandlerville, Grand be green to blue-green with the pronotum and Tower. Indiana: Elkhart, LaFayet te, elytra ranging from brassy-green or Leavenworth, Vigo Co., Wabash River. Iowa: coppery-green to pure coppery. Antennae DeWitt, Independence, Iowa City, Keokuk, occasionally have the apical four or five Solon. Kansas: Topeka. Kentucky : segments slightly darker than the remainder Louisville, Morehead. Louisiana: to medium reddish-brown. Hind femora range Covington, Logansport, Morgan City, Mound. from entirely to partially rufotestaceous or Haryland: Baltimore, Bladensburg, Cabin entirely medium to dark reddish-brown. John, Ft. Washington, Glen Echo, Montg. Co., The sides of the pronotum vary from Plummers 1,Riverdale. Massachusetts: evenly, moderately arcuate to slightly Chicopee, Sherborn. Michigan: Maple (? sinuous with the apical two-thirds feebly to Rapids). Mississippi: Agr. Col., strongly arcuate and the basal one-third Leakesville, Lucedale, Meridian, Richton, subparallel. The truncation of the anterior Starkville. Missouri: (state record pronotal angle ranges from slightly less only). New Jersey: Bound Brook, than to equal the length of the second Phillipsburg. New York: West Point. North antenna1 segment. There is considerable Carolina: Anson Co., Franklin, Raleigh, variation in the punctation of the pronotal Richmond Co. Ohio: Columbus, Liverpool, disc. The major punctation ranges from Painesville , Sugar Grove, Vinton Co. sparse to very dense. Size of the major Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 171 punctation ranges from moderate to coarse, Beller and Hatch 1932, p. 128, 129. the latter equal in size to the basal serial Chalcoides fulvicomis (Fabr.); Heikertinger punctures of the elytra. The size in and Csiki (misidentification) 1939, p. 320 individual specimens varies among moderate, (in part). moderate to slightly coarse, moderate to ?Chalcoides fulvicomis nana (Say); coarse, and coarse. The lateral elytral Heikertinger 1948-1950, p. 110 (fig.), 115, margins range from narrow to moderately 136-137 (in part); Lazorko 1974, p. 148 broad in dorsal view. In males, the (fig.), 152. metasternal setae range from somewhat sparse Crepidodera nana (Say); Balsbaugh and Hays and inconspicuous as in the holotype to more 1972, p. 156 (in part). closely placed and more conspicuous. The DIAGNOSIS: dorsal surface dark green, setal brush on the first abdominal sternum bronze-green, brassy-green, coppery-green, in males varies from slightly loose as in coppery-bronze to dark bronze; shape the holotype to more strongly defined. Male elongate-oval; anterior pronotal angles genitalia range in length from 0.7 to 0.8 feebly produced; major pronotal punctures mm. In dorsal view, the median lobe varies moderate to slightly coarse in size; elytral from slightly more strongly narrowed declivity evenly rounded; lateral margins of apically than in Fig, 22 to scarcely elytra narrow in dorsal view, visible for narrowed apically with the tip appearing their entire length; males with pubescence subtruncate. In females, spermathecae of first abdominal sternum longer and more (Fig. 42) range from 0.13 mm to 0.16 mm in conspicuous than in females, denser apically length. forming a distinct but poorly developed REMARKS. In most external characters and in median brush near hind margin; median lobe male genitalia, Crepidodera browni is of male genitalia evenly arcuate in lateral similar to solita, decora, luminosa view; range in southwestern United States. and opulenta. It can easily be separated TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype , here designated : from these and most other species by the male, with a circular gold label which elytron bulging laterally at the declivity represents California, a red label "type to overhang and hide part of the lateral 4437" and the following labels: "A. (C.) margin in dorsal view. This condition is opulenta Lec. Cal."/"Lectotype 6, also present to some extent in a few other Crepidodera opulenta (Lec. ) , R.H. Parry, species, namely violacea, spenceri (more 1976". This specimen is in the LeConte commonly in females) and populivora (some Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, females only). However, brouni can readily Harvard University. The lectotype is be distinguished from these species by the accompanied by two female specimens. These slightly more elongate shape, the different each bear a circular gold label and are colour of the dorsal surface and by the probably syntypes. pubescence of the first abdominal sternum in MATERIAL EXAMINED : 253 specimens. IJNITED males. Males of brod differ from those STATES. Arizona, California, Colorado, of violacea and spenceri in having the setae Utah. (see Map 7). of the first abdominal sternum longer and REMARKS. In the original description, more conspicuous than in females and from LeConte (1858) described the colour of this males of populivora in having a conspicuous species as "laete viridiaurea" or bright brush of setae near the hind margin of the green-gold. The leetotype differs Prom this sternum. in having the dorsal surface coppery-bronze This species is named in memory of the with a slight greenish reflection. late Mr. W.J. Brown who collected a good part of the type series of this species and The external characters given in the much of the material used in this revision. diagnosis and its southwestern range should separate opulenta from all the other species 7. Crepidodera opulenta (LeConte) except western specimens of nana. It may new combinat ion also be confused with sculpturata and vaga. Figs. 23, 43; Map 7. Specimens of opulenta usually differ from those of sculpturata in that the pronotum Haltica opulenta LeConte 1858, p. 86 (type does not appear as strongly convex or locality, Fort Yuma, California). swollen anteriorly as in sculpturata. In Crepidodera helxines (L. ) ; Crotch addition, males of sculpturatalack a (misidentification) 1873, p. 71 (in part); distinct brush of setae in the pubescence of Hamilton 1889, p. 149; Horn 1889, p. 316; the first abdominal sternum. In vaga, the Hamilton 1894, p. 399; Duckett 1920, p. 149. lateral margins of the elytra are generally Chalcoides belxines (L, ) ; Le ng scarcely broader than in opulenta. The (misidentification) 1920, p. 300 (in part); shape of the male genitalia (Fig. 23) will 172 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 easily separate opulenta from otherwise setose. Middle and hind trochanters with a similar males of nana. This character, few inconspicuous setae as in adjacent parts along with the shape of the spermatheca of femora. (Fig. 43) in females, will also readily Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 24) 0.7 distinguish opulenta from sculpturata mm long, evenly arcuate except slightly and vaga. The spermatheca in opulenta is recurved at apex; in dorsal view, of even occasionally very similar to that in western thickness in apical two-thirds except specimens of nana. slightly narrowed at tipi tip rounded. Ventral side sculptured with a 8. Crepidodera luminosa new species distinct longitudinal impression on each Figs. 10, 24, 44; Map 8. side at middle and a short, shallow median furrow at apex. DIAGNOSIS: dorsal surface bright green, FEMALE. Allotype: length 2.8 mm, greatest blue-green, brassy-green or bronze-green; width 1.4 mm. Similar to male except for elytral declivity evenly rounded; lateral sexual differences at apex of abdomen; setae margins of elytra narrow to moderately broad of first abdominal sternum shorter and less in dorsal view, visible for their entire conspicuous, the sternum lacking a brush of length; males with pubescence of first setae but with a patch of slightly crowded abdominal sternum longer and more setiferous punctures near hind margin; and conspicuous than in females, denser apically the following non-sexual differences: sides forming a distinct, well-defined median of pronotum slightly sinuous with apical brush near hind margin; median lobe of male two-thirds feebly arcuate and basal genitalia evenly arcuate in lateral view, one-third subparallel; major punctures of with distinct longitudinal impressions on pronotal disc dense; lateral margins of ventral side. elytra moderately broad in dorsal view. MALE. Holotype: length 2.4 mm, greatest TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype : Male, Hartland, width 1.1 mm. Shape elongate-oval; length New Brunswick, July 8, 1942, G.M. Stirrett, slightly greater than twice the width. small willows on beach (CNC No. 15397). Dorsum shining, metallic; vertex of head and Allotype: Female, same data as holotype pronotum green; elytra brassy-green; head (CNC No. 15397). Both holotype and allotype below vertex green to blue-green; scutellum are in the Canadian National Collection, black. Antennae and legs, except hind Ottawa. femora, rufotestaceous; hind femora dark Paratypes: 144 specimens. CANADA. reddish-brown. Ventral surface shining New Brunswick: Hartland, Woodstock, Young's black. Cove. Newfoundland: South Branch (W. Vertex of head along anterior edge of Newfoundland), Spruce Brook, Steady Bk.. pronotum smooth, very finely punctulate. Nova Scotia: Truro. Quebec: Cascapedia, Pronotum with sides evenly, feebly arcuate; Gaspe. UNITED STATES. Massachusetts: anterior angles feebly pronounced, Little Deer R. New Jersey: Phillipsburg. truncation slightly less than length of New York: Ithaca, Lake Placid. second antenna1 segment. Ante-basal Pennsylvania: Easton, Lehigh Gap. (see Map transverse groove deep, strongly 8) Paratypes are deposited in the pronounced. Major punctures of pronotal following collections: CAS, CNC, CU, HAHC, disc moderately dense, irregularly UA, USNM. distributed; size moderately coarse, close VARIATION. Males range in length from 2.2 or equal to size of basal serial punctures to 2.8 nun and in greatest width from 1.1 to of elytra; punctures in interspaces fine, 1.4 mm. Females range in length from 2.3 to much smaller than major punctures. Elytron 3.1 mm and in greatest width from 1.1 to 1.5 (Fig. 10) at declivity evenly rounded; disc m. In both sexes, length ranges from equal in basal one-half almost evenly convex. to twice the width to slightly greater than Lateral margins of elytra narrow in dorsal twice the width. Variation in colour is view, visible for entire length. Elytral light. The head, pronotum and elytra range striae strongly, distinctly punctate from from pure green to blue-green, brassy-green base to apex. Metasternum menially or bronze-green. The head and pronotum sparsely, inconspicuously setose except occasionally differ in shade from the glabrous near midline in posterior elytra, the latter being slightly more two-thirds. First abdominal sternum brassy or bronze. Antennae, typically medially with a very dense patch of long, entirely rufotestaceous, occasionally have erect setae near apical margin forming a the apical one-third to one-half darker to conspicuous well-defined brush; area dark reddish-brown. Hind femora range from anterior to brush moderately densely entirely rufotestaceous to partially or Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNID 173 entirely dark reddish-brown. The sides of female spermatheca (Fig. 44). These will the pronotum range from evenly, feebly or also distinguish luminosa from decora moderately arcuate to slightly sinuous with and sculpturata. the apical two-thirds feebly to moderately arcuate and the basal one-third subparallel. The major punctation of the 9. Ctepidodera vaga new species pronotal disc generally ranges from Figs. 25, 45; Map 9. moderately dense to very dense and is rarely sparse. The lateral elytral margins range DIAGNOSIS: dorsal surface dark in width from somewhat narrow as in the coppery-bronze to dark purplish; shape holotype braad as in the elongate-oval; major pronotal punctures allotype* range in length moderately coarse in size; elytral declivity from Om7 mm* In view, the evenly rounded; elytral disc at most only median lobe varies from slightly tapered at very feebly depressed behind the to slightly broadened* In one-quarter; lateral margins of elytra spermathecae range from narrow in dorsal view, visible for their 0.19 mm in length and are similar to Fig. . . entire length; males with pubescence of 44. first abdominal sternum longer and more REMARKS. The holotype and allotype are conspicuous than in females, denser apically slightly damaged. The holotype is missing forming a distinct, sharply-defined median the last three segments of the left front brush near hind margin; median lobe of male tarsus and the last segment of the right genitalia evenly arcuate in lateral view; hind tarsus. Part of the left antenna is range east of Rocky Mountains. broken off but this was salvaged and is MALE. Holotype: length. 2.7 mm, greatest glued to the point with the specimen. The width 1.3 mm. Shape elongate-oval; length allotype is missing the last three segments slightly greater than twice the width. of the left middle tarsus. The tarsi of the Dorsum shining, metallic; pronotum and right middle and hind legs are broken off elytra dark coppery-bronze with margins but these were salvaged and are glued to the greenish; head dark green; scutellum point with the specimen. Both specimens piceous, Antennae and legs "ere originally mounted with the antennae yellowish-brown. Ventral surface shining and legs held in an excessive amount of an black. acetate glue. The damage was discovered Vertex of head along anterior edge of when the glue was dissolved in amyl acetate pronotum smooth, very finely punctulate. in order to remove the specimens from their Pronotum with sides slightly sinuous with original mounting for examination of the apical two-thirds moderately arcuate and ventral surface and for dissection of the basal one-third subparallel; anterior angles male specimen. feebly produced, truncation slightly less The characters given in the diagnosis than length of second antenna1 segment. and its eastern range should separate Ante-basal transverse groove deep, strongly luminosa from all the other species. On the pronounced. Major punctures of pronotal basis of external characters, ldnoea will disc dense, irregularly distributed; size be easily confused with decora, aana and, moderately coarse, close or equal to size of possibly, sculpturata. It can usually be basal serial punctures of elytra; punctures distinguished from decora by the generally in interspaces fine, much smaller than major denser and slightly coarser punctation of punctures. Elytron at declivity evenly the pronotum, the generally slightly rounded; disc very gently depressed behind narrower elytral margins and the sides of basal one-quarter. Lateral margins of the elytra at the declivities more gradually elytra narrow in dorsal view, visible for rounded to the apex. Male genitalia entire length. Elytral striae strongly, in luminosa differ from those in decora in distinctly punctate fro base to apex. having distinct lateral longitudinal Metasternum medially somewhat closely, impressions on the ventral side, In conspicuously setose except glabrous near luminosa, the pronotum is not as convex or midline in posterior two-thirds. First swollen anteriorly as in sculpturata. Also, abdominal sternum medially with adense patch males of luminosa differ from those of long erect setae near apical margin of sculpturata in having a distinct median forming a conspicuous, welldefined brush; brush in the pubescence of the first area anterior to brush sparsely setose. abdominal sternum. The only sure way of Middle and hind trochanters with a few separating luminosa from nana is by the inconspicuous setae as in adjacent parts of shape of the male genitalia (Fig. 24) and femora. 174 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 25) REMARKS. The characters given in the about 0.8 mm long, evenly arcuate from base diagnosis and its range east of the Rocky to apex; in dorsal view, broadened just Mountains should separate vaga from all the posterior to middle, strongly narrowed in other species. In external characters, apical one-third; tip rounded. Ventral side vaga is similar to solita, opulenta and with a distinct impression on each side near mid-western or western specimens oE nana and middle converging in apical one-third into a will likely be confused with these. Females single median longitudinal furrow extending may also be confused with those of to apex. populivora. The lateral elytral margins FEMALE. Allotype: length 3.1 mm, greatest in vaga are narrower than in solita and width 1.5 mm. Similar to male except for generally scarcely broader than in sexual differences at apex of abdomen; setae opulenta and populivora. Males of vaga can of metasternum and first abdominal sternum usually be separated from similar males shorter and less conspicuous; first of nana by the more strongly defined median abdominal sternum lacking a brush of setae brush of setae near the hind margin of the but with a median patch of crowded first abdominal sternum. The different setiferous punctures near hind margin. range of vaga will distinguish it from TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Pt. Pelee, opulenta. The shape of the male genitalia Ontario, June 15, 1940, W.J. Brown, (Fig. 25) and female spermatheca (Fig. 45) on Populua deltoides (CNC No. 15398). will readily separate vaga from all of these Allotype: Female, same data as holotype species. (CNC No. 15398). Both holotype and allotype are in the Canadian National Collection, 10. Crepidodera bikertiageri (Lazorko) Ottawa. new combinat ion Paratypes: 32 specimens. CANADA. Figs. 9, 15, 26, 33-36, 46; Map 10. Ontario: Pt. Pelee. UNITED STATES. South Dakota: Fort Pierre, Newell. Tennessee: Chalcoides heikertiageri Lazorko 1974, p . Clarksville. (see Map 9). Paratypes are 147, 148 fig., 149, 152 (type locality, deposited in the following collections: Essondale, British Columbia). CNC, HAHC, RHP, SDSU, USNM. DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface dark metallic VARIATION. Males range from 2.4 to 2.9 mm bronze, purplish or dark greenish; shape in length and from 1.2 to 1.4 mm in greatest broadly oval; lateral margins of elytra width. Females range from 2.7 to 3.3 rn in conspicuously broad, relatively wider than length and from 1.3 to 1.6 mm in greatest in other North American species except for width. Tn both sexes, length ranges from some specimens of solita; males with middle equal to twice the width to slightly greater of metasternum covered throughout with setae than twice the width. Colour of the dorsal almost as long and conspicuous as those of surface ranges Erom dark coppery-bronze to first abdominal sternum which is piceous with purplish reflections. The conspicuously hirsute from base to apex, the colour of the head below the vertex ranges hairs forming a loose, poorly defined brush; from green to blue-green and the vertex middle and hind trochanters each with a varies Erom dark green to dark bronze-green distinct brush of setae on posterior or purplish. In some specimens, the last margin. The distinctive male genitalia abdominal sternum has the medial and apical (Fig* 26 will also separate portion paler than the remainder to medium heikertiageri from all other species. reddish-brown. The sides of the pronotum TYPE MATERIAL. Holo type : Male, Essondale, range from evenly, moderately arcuate to British Columbia, May 8, 1962, W. Lazorko slightly sinuous with the apical two-thirds (W. Lazorko Coll.). Allotype: Female, feebly to moderately arcuate. The major Essondale, British Columbia, October 11, punctation of the pronotal disc ranges from 1972, W. Lazorko (W. Lazorko Coll.). slightly sparse to dense and the punctures Paratypes: 3 males, 2 females, Vancouver, of the interspaces vary from minute to about British Columbia, U.B.C. Endow. Lands, one-half the diameter of the major Shaughnessy Hosp. Lands and Beaver Lake, W. punctures. The elytral disc varies from Lazorko (W. Lazorko Coll.). very gently depressed behind the basal No type material was seen. The name is one-quarter as in the holotype to almost applied on the basis of the original entirely convex. Male genitalia range in description plus two specimens from length from 0.8 to 0.9 mm. In females, Vancouver, B.C. and three specimens from spermathacae (Fig. 45) range from 0.15 to Vernon, B. C., all bearing Lazorko's 0.16 m in length. determination labels. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI

MATERIAL EXAMINED: 982 specimens. CANADA: Females of heikertingeri can usually be British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, separated from those of solita by their Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, slightly broader shape, the slightly wider Saskatchewan. UNITED STATES: Idaho, Maine, elytral margins and the dense, uniform Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, pubescence of the first abdominal sternum. Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, South Dakota, 11. Crepidodera digna new species Vermont, Washington. (see Map 10). Figs. 13, 16, 27, 47; Map 11. FIRST INSTAR LARVA: Length about 1.0 mm, greatest width about 0.2 mm. Maximum length DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface shining black; of head capsule 0.19 to 0.22 mm, maximum lateral margins of elytra moderately broad, width 0.16 to 0.19 mm. Similar to first slightly narrower than in heikertingeri; instar larva of C. solita n. sp. males similar to those of heikertingeri with SECOND INSTAR LARVA: Length 2.6 to 2.7 mm, metasternurn conspicuously setose throughout greatest width 0.3 mm. Maximum length of median region, first abdominal sternum head capsule 0.26 to 0.28 mm, maximum width conspicuously hirsute from base to apex; 0.21 to 0.23 mm. Similar to first instar males differing from heikertingeri in having larva except prothoracic tergal shield setae of first abdominal sternum slightly paler, mesonotum and metanotum without a shorter and less dense, not forming a brush; pair of hatching spines and anal plate with middle and hind trochanters, as in a weakly developed pair of dorsal tooth-like heikertingeri, each with a distinct brush of projections at apex. setae on hind margin. The distinctive male THIRD INSTAR LARVA: Length 3.0 to 3.3 mm, genitalia (Fig. 27) will also separate greatest width 0.4 mm. Maximum length of digna from all other species. In addition, head capsule (Fig. 33) 0.38 to 0.41 mm, digna can usually be distinguished from maximum width 0.30 to 0.33 mm. Similar to heikertingeri by the generally finer, second instar larva except for the sparser pronotal punctation and, often, by following: pro thoracic tergal shield (Fig. the outer corners of the anterior pronotal 34) very pale brown, almost white, very angles being more strongly acute. lightly sclerotized; anal plate (Fig. 36) MALE. Holotype: Length 2.4 mm, greatest with apical tooth-like projections strongly width 1.3 mm. Shape broadly oval, slightly developed. elongate; length less than twice the width. PUPA: Length 2.1 to 2.8 mm. Colour white Dorsum shining, metallic; vertex of head, except eyes and mandibular teeth dark. Head pronotum and elytra black with a purplish with 3 pairs of dorsal setae -- 1 pair reflection on pronotal disc and with medially on vortex, 1 pair on anterior pronotal margins and sutural margins of margins of eyes and 1 pair medially at bases elytra green; head below vertex green to of antennae. Pronotum with 8 pairs of setae blue-green; scutellum piceous. Antennae -- 2 pairs centrally near anterior margin, 2 light testaceous in basal one-half, darker pairs medially near centre of disc, 2 pairs in apical one-half to medium reddish-brown. medially on lateral margins and 2 pairs on Legs, except hind femora, rufo testaceous ; posterior margin. Abdomen with 1 pair of hind femora piceous. Ventral surface lateral setae per segment and with several shining black. additional pairs apically on last segment. Vertex of head along anterior edge of REMARKS. As Lazorko (1974) pointed out, pronotum smooth except for a few scattered this species was apparently recognized by fine punctures. Pronotum with sides evenly, Heikertinger (1948-1950) who, in a footnote, moderately arcuate; anterior angles feebly briefly described a single specimen from produced, truncation slightly less than Riverdale, New Jersey but did not provide a length of second antenna1 segment. name. His description of the male genitalia Ante-basal transverse groove moderately corresponds quite well to that of Lazorko deep, moderately pronounced. Major (1974) and the above. Lazorko (1974), punctures of pronotal disc somewhat sparse, however, knew this species only from British irregularly distributed; size moderate to Columbia. coarse, the latter close or equal to size of The characters given in the diagnosis basal serial punctures of elytra; punctures will separate heikertingeri from all of the in interspaces very minute, much smaller other species except, possibly, females than major punctures. Elytron at declivity of digna and solita. It can be evenly rounded; disc in basal one-half distinguished from digna by the slightly almost evenly convex. Lateral margins of wider elytral margins and the generally elytra moderately broad in dorsal view, stronger punctation of pronotum and elytra. visible for entire length. Elytral striae 1 76 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 strongly, distinctly punctate from base to ft. Utah: Park City. (see Map 11). apex. Metastemum medially closely, Paratypes are deposited in the following conspicuously setose. First abdominal collections: CAS, CNC, CSCA, CU, FMNH, sternum (Fig. 13) medially with conspicuous, aHC, MCZ, OSU, RHP, SDSU, UA, USNM. long, semi-erect to erect setae closely VARIATION. Size of the males ranges from placed from base to apex of sternum but not 2.1 to 2.7 mm in length and from 1.1 to 1.4 forming a brush. Middle and hind mrn in greatest width. Females range from trochanters each with a distinct posterior 2.3 to 3.0 mm in length and from 1.2 to 1.6 marginal brush of setae (Fig. 13). mm in greatest width. The colout of the Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 27) 0.7 dorsal surface is shining black, mm long, evenly arcuate; in dorsal view, occasionally with purplish or greenish gradually tapered apically except slightly reflections and often with greenish broadened near tip; tip rounded with a deep reflections at the margins. Antennae vary notch at middle. Ventral side smooth except from entirely rufotestaceous to testaceous for a short, shallow median furrow at apex. in the basal one-half with the apical FEMALE. Allotype: Length 2.8 mm, greatest one-half darker as in the holotype. The width 1.5 mm. Similar to male except for hind femora range in color from entirely sexual differences at apex of abdomen; setae piceous to only partially piceous or dark of metasternum and first abdominal sternum reddish-brown with the remainder (Fig. 16) much shorter, less conspicuous and rufotestaceous. The sides of the pronotum slightly sparser; brush of setae on middle vary from evenly, moderately arcuate as in and hind trochanters less distinct; and the the holotype to slightly sinuous as in the following non-sexual differences: pronotal allotype. The anterior pronotal angles disc without a purplish reflection; antennae range from feebly to somewhat strongly entirely ruEotestaceous; pronotum with sides produced and the truncation ranges from slightly sinuous with apical two-thirds slightly less to slightly greater than the moderately arcuate and basal one-third length of the second antenna1 segment. The subparallel. major punctation of the pronotal disc ranges TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Gillam, from sparse to moderately dense. Most Manitoba, June 30, 1950, W.J. Brown, on specimens have the major punctures of Salix (CNC No. 15399). Allotype: Female, moderate size while others have them same data as holotype (CNC No. 15399). Both slightly coarser as in most heikertingeri. holotype and allotype are in the Canadian A few have these punctures relatively fine National Collection, Ottawa. and sparse. The elytral disc ranges from Paratypes: 706 specimens. CANADA: almost evenly convex in the basal one-half Alberta: Bilby, Edmonton, 30 mi. as in the holotype togently depressed behind N.Hotchkiss, McMurray, Slave Lake, 5 mi. n. the basal one-quarter as in heikertingeri. Westlock, Whitford Lake. British Columbia: Elytral striae apically vary from distinctly Fort Nelson, 9 mi. NW. Golden, Lakelse Lake punctate to somewhat obsolete. Male bog (nr. Terrace), Paul Lake. Manitoba: genitalia range in length from 0.6 to 0.8 Gillam, Norway House, Riding Mountain Park, mm. In dorsal view, the median lobe is 5 mi. SW. Shilo, The Pas, Turtle Mountain either continuously tapered apically or has For. Res., 51 mi. E. Winnipeg. Northwest the tip slightly broadened. The notch at Territories: Norman Wells. Nova Scotia: the tip ranges from somewhat shallow to Mt. Uniacke. Ontario: 4 mi. E., Alcona, 42 deep. In females, spermathecae are about mi. N. Black Sturgeon Lk., 46 and 56 mi N. 0.20 mm long and are similar to Fig. 47. Hurkett, Ignace, Lake Superior Prov. Pk. REMARKS. Crepidodera dig- and the closely (Lake Mijinemungshing), Moose Creek 10 mi related heidertingeri overlap in their S. Sioux Lookout, Moose Factory, Moosonee, ranges and both species seem to live in 12 mi. Ne Moosonee, 27 mi. S. to 109 mi. n. similar habitats. In at least three Pickle Lake, 16 mi. S. and 5 mi. N. Savant localities, Lake Mijinemungshing in Lake Lake, Thunder Bay Mt. McKay 1600 ft., Superior Provincial Park, Ontario, Black Yhitney. Quebec: Duchesnay, Duparquet, Sturgeon Lake, Ontario, and near Golden, Mistassini, Mistassini Post, Mt. Lyall. British Columbia, both species were Saskatchewan: Canora, Prince Albert. collected in the same habitat from the same UNITED STATES : Alaska: Fairbanks. species of Salix. Montana: (Fort?) Assiniboine, Bear Paw Mt., Helena. New Harpshire: Mt. 12. Crepidodera populivora new species Washington 5000-6000 ft. New York: Figs. 28, 48; Map 12. Jordanville, Mt. Whiteface. South Dakota: Flynn Creek 8 mi. N. Pringle 5400 DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface dark purple to Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 177 black, rarely blue, blue-green or dark longitudinal median furrow at apex. green; anterior pronotal angles feebly FEMALE. Holotype: Length 3.2 mm, greatest produced; pronotal ante-basal transverse width 1.6 mm. Similar to male except for groove strongly pronounced; major prono tal sexual differences at apex of abdomen, setae punctures sparse to dense, moderate to of metasternum and first abdominal sternum coarse in size, irregularly distributed; shorter and less conspicuous, elytron at elytral declivity evenly rounded except in declivity very slightly bulging laterally to some females which have elytra slightly overhang and hide part of lateral margin. bulging laterally to overhang lateral TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Blackburn, margins; elytral disc at most only very Ontario, May 21, 1963, W.J. Brown, on gently depressed behind basal one-quarter; Popllus tremuloides ( CNC No. 15400). lateral margins of elytra narrow, visible Allotype: Female, same data as holotype for their entire length except when (CNC No. 15400). Both holotype and allotype partially hidden by a bulge at the declivity are in the Canadian National Collection, in some females; males with pubescence of Ottawa. first abdominal sternum longer and more Paratypes : 1389 specimens. CANADA: conspicuous than In females and uniformly Alberta: Beaverlodge, Bilby, Edmonton, 30 dense, not forming a brush. mi. N. Hotchkiss, McMurray, 18 mi. S. Peace MALE. Holotype: Length 3.0 mm, greatest River. British Columbia: Agassiz, Lum and width 1.5 rmn. Shape oval, slightly Abner 58ON Alaska Hwy., Canal Flats, elongate; length equal to twLce the width. Carbonate, Creston, Enderby, Gleneden, 9 Dorsum shining, metallic; vertex of head mi. NW. Golden, Hatzic, MacGillivray Creek dark green, pronotum and elytra dark purple, Game Reserve nr. Chilliwack, Mission City, margins of pronotum greenish; head below Similkameen R. 7 mi. S. Cawston, Stanley, vertex blue-green; scutellum black. Tappen, Vernon, Victoria. Manitoba: Antennae and legs rufotestaceous. Ventral Morris, Nine t te, Norway House, Riding Mt. surface shining black. Pk., 2 mi W. Stockton, The Pas, Winnipeg. Vertex of head along anterior edge of New Brunswick: Bathurst, Boiestown, pronotum smooth, very finely punctulate. Chatham, Lindsay, Per th, Tabusintac. Pronotum with sides slightly sinuous with Northwest Territories: Simpson. Nova apical two-thirds moderately arcuate and Scotia: Amherst, Mt . Uniacke , Newport, basal one-third subparallel; anterior angles Truro, Waverley. Ontario: 52 mi. S. feebly produced, truncation slightly less Armstrong, Arnprior , Bell's Corners, than length of second antenna1 segment. Blackburn, Clifford, Constance Bay, Ante-basal transverse groove deep, strongly Georgetown, Gold Rock Rainy R. Dist., Gull pronounced. Major punctures of pronotal R.Falls Mindan, 42 mi. N. Black Sturgeon disc moderately dense, irregularly Lake, 56 mi. N. Hurkett, Ignace, Frater and distributed; size moderate to coarse, the Noisy Bay and Old Women Bay in Lake Superior latter close or equal to size of basal Prov. pk., in Marmora, Merivale, Moose Creek serial punctures of elytra; punctures in 10 mi. S. Sioux Lookout, Moose Factory, interspaces minute, much smaller than major Osgoode, Ottawa, 25 and 27 mi. S. Pickle punctures. Elytron at declivity evenly Lake, Pt. Pelee, 5 mi. N and 16 mi S. Savant rounded; disc in basal one-half almost Lake, 9 mi. E. Terrace Bay, Terra Cotta, evenly convex. Lateral margins of elytra Thunder Bay Mt. McKay, 1600 ft. Quebec: narrow in dorsal view, visible for entire Anc. Lorette, Brome, Carman Lake, Duchesnay, length. Elytral striae strongly, distinctly Duparquet, Gaspe, 25 mi. W. Gaspe, Knowlton, punctate from base to apex. Metasternum Megantic, Montreal, Mt . Albert north base medially sparsely, inconspicuously setose 650 ft., Mt. Jacques Cartier 4000 to 4150 except glabrous near midline in posterior ft., Rimouski , St. Alexandre. two-thirds. First abdominal sternum Saskatchewan: Assiniboia, Val Marie. UNITED medially with conspicuous, moderately long STATES: Colorado: Steamboat Springs. semi-erect setae very closely, uniformly Co~ecticut: Hartford. Maine. Bar Harbor, placed, not forming a brush. Middle and Lebson, Monmouth, Mt. Katahdin 5215 ft., hind trochanters with a few inconspicuous Par is, Weld . Massachusetts : Char lemon t , setae as in adjacent parts of femora. Dracut , Florida, Holyoke, Little Deer R., Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 28) 0.8 No. Adams , Springfield. Michigan: Detroit, rmn long, evenly arcuate except slightly Hrn. Mtn. Club, Marquette, Port Sanillac, recurved at apex; in dorsal view, slightly Sanford. Montana: Gallatin Co., Kalispell. broadened apically in apical two-thirds; tip New Hampshire: Mt. Washington 5000-5700 broad1y rounded. Ventral side without ft., Rumney, White Mts. 1500 ft. New Pork: conspicuous sculpture except for a shallow Buffalo, Croton Falls, Crown Pt., - -- INSECT A MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Gainesville, Great Kills S.I., Heart Lake almost evenly convex in the basal one-half Essex Co., Ithaca, Lancaster, Long Eddy, as in the holotype to very gently depressed Mt. MacIntyre, Mt. Marcy, Mt. Whiteface, behind the basal one-quarter. Male Napeague L. I., Olcott , Peru, Portage, Slide genitalia range from 0.7 to 0.9 mm in Mt. Ulster Co., Underwood, Up. Saranac, length. In dorsal view, the median lobe Whitehall. Oregon : Hood River. varies from slightly broadened apically to Pennsylvania: McKean Co ., Pocono Lake. slightly narrowed with the tip broadly to South Dakota: Englewood, Pierre, Seechee slightly narrowly rounded. In females, Hollow, Spearfish, Sturgis, 2 mi. S. Sylvan spermathecae range from 0.17 to 0.22 mm in L. Black Hills. Utah: Fillmore. length and are similar to Fig. 48. Wisconsin: Rayfld. (Bayfield). Wyoling: REMARKS. The characters given in the Jenning Lk. Gr. Tetons. (see ;Yap 12). diagnosis should separate this species from Paratypes are deposited in the following all other North American species. Females collections: CAS, CNC, CSCA, CU, FMNH, ofpopulivoramay be confused with HAHC, MCZ, OSU, RHP, SDSU, UA, USNM. similarly-coloured females of vaga. They VARIATION. Males range from 2.2 to 3.3 mm can usually be separated from this species in length and from 1.1 to 1.7 mm in greatest by the slightly broader and more convex width. Females range from 2.4 to 3.5 mm in body, the elytra occasionally slightly length and from 1.2 to 1.8 mm in greatest bulging at the declivities and the generally width. In both sexes, length ranges from slightly narrower elytral margins. The slightly less than twice the width to equal shape of the spermatheca (Fig. 48) will twice the width, rarely slightly greater. easily separate populivora from vaga. There is very little variation in colour in Although differing in some important most of the type series. The colour of the characters given in the diagnosis, pronotum and elytra normally varies from populivora seems to be most closely related dark purple with greenish margins to black, to bella and aereola. All three species occasionally with greenish reflections. The have a similar pattern of pubescence on the head has the vertex similar in colour to the first abdominal sternum in males, similarly pronotum and elytra or dark green. shaped male genitalia and generally similar Geographical variation in colour is spermathecae. exhibited by 12 paratypes from the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. These 13. Crepidodera bella new species have the head, pronotum and elytra dark blue Figs. 2, 5, 6, 29, 49; Map 13. to blue-green or dark green. In the whole series, hind femora range from entirely DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface coppery-bronze, rufotestaceous to partially or entirely dark bronze or black; shape elongate-oval; piceous. The sides of the pronotum are vertex of head strongly, distinctly punctate generally slightly sinuous as in the at anterior edge of pronotum; elytral holotype and allotype with the apical declivity evenly rounded; elytral disc with two-thirds ranging from feebly to moderately a distinct depression behind basal arcuate. A few specimens have the sides one-quarter; lateral margins of elytra evenly, moderately arcuate. The truncation moderately broad, visible for their entire of the anterior pronotal angles ranges from length; males with pubescence of first slightly less than to equal the length of abdominal sternum longer and more the second antenna1 segment. The major conspicuous than in females and uniformly punctation of the pronotal disc ranges from dense, not forming a brush. sparse to dense. Size of the major MALE. Holotype: Length 2.5 mm, greatest punctures varies among specimens, some width 1.2 mm. Shape (Fig. 5) elongate-oval; having them all of moderate size, others length slightly greater than twice the with them moderate to coarse or all somewhat width. Dorsum shining, metallic; head, coarse, and rarely with them fine to pronotum and elytra dark coppery-bronze; moderate. The punctures of the interspaces scutellum black. Antennae and legs of the prono t a1 disc rufotestaceous. Ventral surf ace shining range in size from minute to about one-half black with greenish reflect ions in the diameter of the smaller major posternum, metasternum and first abdominal punctures. In females, the declivity of the sternum. elytron ranges from evenly rounded to Vertex of head along anterior edge of slightly bulging laterally as in the pronotum closely, moderately punctate (Fig. allotype, with the bulge overhanging and 2). Pronotum (Fig. 2) with sides slightly hiding part of the lateral elytral margin in sinuous with apical two-thirds moderately dorsal view. The elytral disc ranges from arcuate and basal one-third subparallel; Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI anterior angles feebly produced, truncation colour of the head, pronotum and elytra slightly less than length of second antennal ranges from coppery-bronze to dark bronze or segment. Ante-basal transverse groove deep, black. In the head, the clypeus and genae strongly pronounced. Major punctures of are occasionally greenish. The sides of the prono t a1 disc dense, irregularly pronotum are generally slightly sinuous with distributed; size moderately coarse, close the apical two-thirds ranging from feebly to or equal to size of basal serial punctures moderately arcuate. In a few specimens, the of elytra; punctures in interspaces fine, sides are evenly, moderately arcuate. The much smaller than major punctures. Elytron anterior pronot a1 angles have the truncation at declivity evenly rounded; disc strongly, slightly less than to equal to the length of distinctly depressed behind basal the second antennal segment. The major one-quarter. Lateral margins of elytra punctation of the pronotal disc is generally moderately broad in dorsal view, visible for somewhat coarse, the size of the major entire length. Elytral striae strongly, punctures ranging from moderate to coarse distinctly punctate from base to apex. with the latter about equal to the size of Netasternurn medially somewhat closely, the basal serial punctures of the elytra. conspicuously setose except glabrous near Punctures in the pronotal interspaces range midline in posterior two-thirds. First in size from minute to about one-half the abdominal sternum medially with conspicuous, diameter of the major punctures. moderately-long, erect setae very closely, In females, spermathecae range from uniformly placed, not forming a brush. 0.15 to 0.16 mm in length and are similar to Middle and hindtrochanters each with a Fig. 49. rather loose, inconspicuous posterior REMARKS. Although distinctly dif Eerent in marginal brush of setae. some characters, bella appears to be most Median lobe of genitalia (Fig. 29) 0.7 closely related to aereola and populivora. m long, evenly arcuate from base to apex; All three species are very similar in the in dorsal view, slightly broadened apically pattern of pubescence on the first abdominal in apical two-thirds; tip sternum in males, the shape of the male rounded. Ventral side smooth, without genitalia, and in the general shape of the sculpture. spermatheca. FEMALE. Allotype: Length 2.8 mm, greatest width 1.4 mm. Similar to male except for 14. Crepidodera aereola (LeConte) new sexual di Eferences at apex of abdomen set ae combination of metasternm and first abdominal sternum Figs. 3, 7, 30, 50; Map 14. shorter, slightly sparser, and less conspicuous; and the following non-sexual Baltica aereola LeConte 1857, p. 68 (type difference: anterior pronotal angles with locality, San Francisco, California). truncation equal to length of second Crepidodera helxines ( L. ) ; Crotch antennal segment. (misidentification) 1873, p. 71 (in part); TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Copeland, Hamilton 1889, p. 149; Horn 1889, p. 316; Florida, June 28, 1963, D.G. Kissinger, on Hamilton 1894, p. 399; Duckett 1920, p. 149. Salix (CNC No. 15401). Allotype: Female, Chalcoides helxines (L.); Beller and Hatch same data as holotype (CNC No. 15401). Both 1932,p. 128, 129 (in part). holotype and allotype are in the Canadian Chalcoides fulvicornis (Fabr.); Heikertinger National Collect ion, Ottawa. and Csiki (misidentification) 1939, p. 320 Parat ypes: 39 specimens . UNITED (in part). STATES: Alabama: Spring Hill. Florida: PChalcoides fulvicornis nana (Say); Arcadia, Copeland, Elfers, Ft . Ogden, Heikertinger 1948-1950, p. 110 (fig.), 115, Homestead, Royal Palm Park, Oviedo, Paradise 136-137 (in part); Lazorko 1974, p. 148 Key, St arke . Louisiana: Mans ur a, (fig.), 152. Tal lulah. South Carolina: Yemassee. (see DIAGNOSIS: Anterior pronotal angles Map 13). Paratypes are deposited in the strongly produced, outer corners acutely following collect ions: CNC, CU, HAHC, MCZ, pointed; pronotum with dense, irregularly RHP, USNM. distributed, very coarse punctation (Figs. VARIATION. Size of the males ranges from 7, 3); males with the median pubescence of 2.2 to 2.5 mm in length and from 1.1 to 1.2 the first abdominal sternum longer and more mm in greatest width. Females range from conspicuous than in females, pubescence 2.3 to 2.9 rnm in length and from 1.1 to 1.4 uniformly dense, not forming a brush. mm in greatest width. In both sexes, length TYPE MATERIAL. Lectotype, designated here: ranges from equal to twice the width to Female, with a circular gold label which slightly greater than twice the width. The denotes California, a red label "type 8258" 180 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 and the following labels : A. (C.) year given on the specimen label of the aereola Lec. S. Fr."/"Lectotype holotype is 1949. Q, Crepidodera aereola (Lec.), R.H. Parry, MATERIAL EXAMINED: 478 specimens. CANADA: 1976". This specimen is in the LeConte British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario. UNITED Collection, Museum of Comparative Zoology, STATES: Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Harvard University. The lectotype is Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, North Dakota, accompanied by a male and a female specimen, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, each with a circular gold label. These are Wisconsin. (see Map 15). Specimens are evidently syntypes. In addition, the deposited in the following collections: LeConte Collection contains two females CAS, CNC, CU, FMNH, HAHC, MCZ, OSU, SDSU, labelled "Cal." and a male with no label. UBC, USNM. These are similar to the lectotype but are REMARKS. The variation in the colour of the probably not part of the type series. dorsal surface in this species is evident MATERIAL EXAMINED: 474 specimens. UNITED within series of specimens from single STATES: California: Nevada, Oregon, Utah, localities as well as among specimens from Washington, Wyoming. (see Map 14). different localities. The majority of Specimens are deposited in the following specimens are bright green with those from collections: CAS, CSCA, CU, !?MNH, MCZ, OSU, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon USNM. tending to be blue-green. REMARKS. Although easily distinguished by There is some variation in the some of the characters given in the punctation of the pronotum. The size of the diagnosis, aereolaappears to be most major pronotal punctures ranges among closely related to bella and populivora in specimens from uniformly moderate, smaller having a similar pattern of pubescence on than the basal serial punctures of the the first abdominal sternum in males, elytra to uniformly coarse, about equal to similar ale genitalia, and a generally the size of the basal serial punctures. similar spermatheca. The size also ranges from moderate to coarse within individual specimens. In some males, 15. Crepidodera sculpturata (~azorko) the tip of the median lobe is not as new combinat ion strongly broadened as in Fig. 31. Figs. 4, 11, 12, 31, 51; Map 15. The external characters given in the diagnosis will separate sculpturata from all Chalcoides sculpturata Lazorko 1974, p. 148 the other North American species except, (fig.), 149, 150, 152 (type locality, possibly, nana and opulenta. It can usually Creston, British Columbia). be distinguished from nana by the slightly DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface bright green, narrower elytral margins and from both blue-green, brassy-green or coppery-green; species by the pronotum appearing slightly shape elongate; major pronotal punctures more convex or swollen anteriorly. Males moderate to coarse in size; elytral can usually be separated from those declivity evenly rounded; lateral margins of of opulenta by the lack of a distinct brush elytra narrow in dorsal view, visible for in the pubescence of the first abdominal their entire length; males with median sternum. Western specimens of nana and some pubescence of first abdominal sternum specimens of opulenta are very similar in longer, denser and more conspicuous than in appearance to sculpturata and it is often females, not forming a brush; median lobe of difficult to separate them. However, the male genitalia evenly arcuate in lateral shape of the male genitalia (Fig. 31) and view. female spermatheca (Fig. 51) will readily TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: Male, Creston, distinguish sculpturata from these and all British Columbia, May 29, 1949, host Salix other species. exigua, G. Stace Smith (University of British Columbia Coll.). Allotype: Female, 16. Crepidodera nana (Say) Creston, British Columbia, June 13, 1952, Figs. 32, 52; Map 16. ex Salix exigua, G. Stace Smith (University of British Columbia Coll.). Paratypes, 6 Altica nana Say 1824, p. 86 (type locality, males, 8 females, Creston, British Columbia, United States). G. Stace Smith (University of British Ealtica uana (Say); Melsheimer 1847, p. 165. Columbia Coll.). Raltica belxines ( L. ) ; LeConte Only the holotype and allotype were (misidentification) 1858, P- 87 examined. Lazorko (1974) gives the date of (var. nana Say). collection of the holotype as "29 May Crepidodera helxines (L. ) ; Crotch 1959". This is slightly in error as the (misidentification) 1873, p. 71 (in part) ; Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 181 LeConte 1874, p. 271; Hamilton 1889, p. 149; species as being nana (Say), as Heikertinger Horn 1889, p. 316; Hamilton 1894, p. 399; first suggested in 1911, and to designate a Duckett 1920, p. 149. neotype. Chalcoides fulvicornie naaa (Say) ; The neotype is 2.8 mm long and 1.3 mm Heikertinger 1911, p. 9 (fig.), 10, 19; in greatest width; it has the head, pronotum 1924-1925, p. 67; Heikertinger and Csiki and elytra brassy-green in colour, the 1939, p. 320. antennae and legs entirely rufotestaceous, Cbalcoides helxines (L.); Leng the major pronotal punctures moderately (misidentification) 1920, p. 300 (in part); dense and moderate to coarse in size, the Beller and Hatch 1932, p. 128, 129. lateral elytral margins moderately broad in Chalcoidee chitteadeoi Heikertinger dorsal view, the first abdominal sternum 1948-1950, p. 110 (fig.), 116, 136 (type medially with a conspicuous well-defined locality, "Kahokia", Illinois); Lazorko apical brush of setae, the median lobe of 1974, p. 146, 148 (fig.), 151, 153. NEW the genitalia tapered apically except SYNONYMY. slightly broadened at the apex in dorsal Chalcoides nana (Say); Wilcox 1954, p. 455; view, and the tip of the median lobe Dillon and Dillon 1961, p. 712. subtruncate. Crepidodera nana (Say); Hatch 1971, p. 219; MATERIAL EXAMINED : About 2000 specimens. Balsbaugh and Hays 1972, p. 156. CANADA : Alberta: Calgary, Edmonton, DIAGNOSIS: Dorsal surface generally green Kimball, Lethbridge, Magrath, McMurray, or greenish with brassy, bronze, coppery or Medicine Hat, Milk R., Oldman River blue tones, occasionally coppery-red, Lethbridge, Onefour, Scandia, Waterton. coppery-bronze to dark bronze, rarely pure British Columbia: Lum and Abner 58ON Alaska blue; shape elongate-oval; anterior pronotal Hwy., Creston, Hatzic, Kamloops, Mission angles feebly produced; major pronotal City, Similkameen R. 7 mi. S. Cawston. punctures moderate to coarse in size; Manitoba: Carberry, Glenboro, Herchmer, The elytral declivity evenly rounded; elytral Pas. New Brunswick: Bathurst, Oakville. disc at most only very feebly depressed Northwest Territories: Fort Liard, Fort behind basal one-quarter; lateral margins of Simpson, Norman Wells. Ontario: Ancaster, elytra, in dorsal view, moderately broad in Delhi, Eden, Moose Factory, Moosonee, eastern specimens, generally narrower in Walsingham. Quebec: Cascapedia, Gaspe, western specimens; males with median South Bolton. Saskatchewan: Battle River, pubescence of first abdominal sternum longer Elbow, Esterhazy, Pennant, Saskatchewan and more conspicuous than in females, denser Landing, Saskatoon. UNITED STATES : apically forming a distinct, well-defined Colorado: nr. Cameo, Denver, 2 mi. w. brush in eastern specimens, a Granby, Ladore Canyon 5000-6000 ft. poorly-developed or obsolete brush in Connecticut: Cornwall. District of western specimens; median lobe of male Columbia: Anacos tia, Rock Creek Pk. , genitalia not arcuate but straight in apical Washington, Woodridge. Georgia: Peach Co . two-thirds in lateral view. Illinois: Cairo, Chandlerville, Grand Tower TYPE MATERIAL. Neotype: Here designated, Union Co. (? Jackson Co.), LaSalle Co., St. Male, with the labels "Knoxville, Tenn., Clair Co. Indiana: Leavenworth, New V-20-1957, W.J. Brown"/"on Salix" /"Neotype, Harmony. Iowa: Clinton, DeWitt, Iowa City, 8, Crepidodera nana ( Say), R.H. Parry". Keokuk, Muscat ine, Solon. Kansas : This specimen is in the Canadian National Lawrence, McPherson, Medora, Topeka. Collection, Ottawa. Kentucky: Morehead. Louisiana: Mansura , The original type material of this Shreveport. Maine: Ft . Kent. Maryland: species has been lost. Because Say's (1824) Baltimore, Beltsville, Bladensburg, Cabin original description could apply to several John, Chevy Chase, College Park, Glen Echo, of the North American species, there had Kensington. Massachusetts: Attleboro, been much confusion in the identity of Boston Arnold Arbore turn, Sherborn. nana (Say). Heikertinger (1911) illustrated Kississippi: Meridian. Missouri: Scott the distinctive male genitalia of the Co., 2 mi. E. Sikeston, 2 mi. W. St. Louis. species described above and referred this Montana: Gallatin Co. 4800 ft. Nebraska: form to nana (Say) but considered it a Omaha Child's Point, Waterloo. New Jersey: subspecies of the European species Clementon, Colonia, Dundee L., Elizabeth, fulvicornis (Fab.). Re later (1948-1950) Kingston, Lake Hopatcong, Ocean Co., recognized this North American form as a new Riverton. New Bkxico: Jemez Mts., Mesilla species which he described as Chalcoides Prk. New York: Buffalo, Chenango Co., chittendeni. In order to end all previous Great Kills S.I., Ithaca, Lancaster, New confusion, it seems best to consider this York Van Cortland Pk. North Carolina: INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Abbotsburg, Anson Co., Franklin 2000 it., the central United States, from Illinois to Highlands 3800 ft., Raleigh, Richmond Co., Nebraska and south to Louisiana, Texas and Southern Pines, Wayah Gap. North Dakota: New Mexico, specimens are generally dark 13 mi. W. Medora, Heart Butte Dam Grant Co. coppery or coppery-bronze to dark bronze or Ohio: Ashtabula, Ashville Pickaway Co., dark purple, occasionally bronze-green and Buckeye Lake Licking Co., Cedar Swp., rarely cupreo-aeneous. Specimens from Clinton Co., Columbus, Delaware Co., southwestern Texas (El Paso, Presidio) and a Ironton, Marion Co. Oalclahoma: Norman, few from New Mexico tend to be more Oklahoma Co. Oregon: Corvallis, Hood greenish, ranging from cupreo-aeneous to River. Pennsylvania: Allegheny Co., Castle pure green. A large species from Rock, Easton, Glenolden, Harrisburg, Kennett south-central Texas (Kerrville) containing Sq., Lancaster, Philadelphia, Phila. Neck, mainly coppery-bronze to dark Reading, W. Park, Wissinoming, Wyoming bronzespecimens, includes also a few dark Philadelphia. South Carolina: Aiken, blue or blue-green individuals. These occur Calhoun Falls, Clemson Honeycut Creek Seneca with a frequency of about 11%. The River, Greenwood Co. , Newry Oconee Co. 900 coppery-bronze or dark bronze colour variant ft. Yemassee Rt. 17 bridge. South Dakota: also extends into southern Manitoba, South Badlands Interior, Beresford, Cedar Canyon, Dakota and Colorado. Chamberlain, Elk Point, Fort Pierre, Ft. There is some geographical variation in Thompson, Highmore, Newell, Philip, Pierre, the punctation of the pronotum. Specimens Spearfish, Springfield, Tabor Grainery, from western Canada and northwestern United Union Co. State Park, Vermillion, Yankton. States generally have the major punctures Tennessee: Knoxville, Oak Ridge A.E .C . denser and both major and minor punctures Area, Rhea Co. Texas: Austin, Brownsville, slightly coarser than in specimens from Burnet Co., Cameron Co., Dallas, Devils eastern Canada and United States and Riv., El Paso, Gillespie Co., Kerrville, midwestern and southern United States. The Presidio, Val Verde Co., Victoria, Welder width of the elytral margins also varies Wildlife Ref. nr. Sinton San Patricio Co. geographically. The green or blue-green Virginia: ? Alex. Co., Arlington, Bull Run, eastern specimens have the margtns Fairfax Co., Fredericksburg, Glencarlyn, moderately broad in dorsal view. In all Penington Gap, Potmac Cr., Rosslyn, Stone other populations, the lateral elytral Cr. Lee Co. West Virginia: East Panhandle, margins are generally narrower, only Fairmont , W. Sulphur. Wyoming: Pine occasionally moderately broad. A similar Bluff. (see Map 16). geographical pattern of variation occurs in REMARKS. This species exhibits considerable the pubescence of the first abdominal variation. The colour of the dorsum varies sternum in males. In eastern populations greatly, both geographically and within many (as defined above), males have the setae of local populations. In eastern populations the first abdominal sternum denser apically, ranging from New Brunswick, southern Quebec usually forming a distinct, well-defined and southern Ontario to Georgia, Indiana and brush. In males of populations in northern Mississippi, the head, pronotum and elytra and western Canada and in the central and are generally pure green to blue-green and western United States, the brush of setae occasionally brassy-green or pure blue. In ranges from poorly-developed to obsolete. greenish specimens, the pronotal and elytral The external characters given in the margins are often bluish. A series of diagnosis should separate nana from all the specimens from Gaspe, Quebec ranges from other species except vaga, decora, ldaosa, coppery-green or cupreo-aeneous to opllenta and, possibly, solita and coppery-red with greenish margins. sculpturata. Males and females of naaa can Similarly, specimens from northern Ontario, be distinguished from some of these species Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta are by characters given in their respective brassy-green, coppery-green or diagnoses but are most easily separated by cupreo-aeneous to pure coppery or the distinctive male genitalia (Fig. 32) and coppery-red in colour, rarely pure green. female spermatheca (Fig. 52). This range of colour variation also occurs southward in Montana, Wyoming, South Dakota and Colorado. Specimens from western Northwest Territories, British Columbia and Crepidodera bicolor Boheman 1859 Oregon have the dorsum generally ~repidoderapuberella Boheman 1859 brassy-green, coppery-green or Crepidodera suturella Boheman 1859 cupreo-aeneous , occasionally pure green but ~repidoderavafra Boheman 1859 rarely pure coppery. In populations from In 1859, Boheman described as Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 183

Crepidodera a number of species taken during (MCZ), Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., the 1851-1853 voyage of the Swedish frigate J. F. Lawrence; Ohio State University (OSU) , "~ugenie". These included C. vafra from Columbus, Ohio, C.A. Triplehorn; South "California (St. Francisco)", Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, C. suturella from "California (St. S.D., E.U. Balsbaugh Jr.; University of Francisco) , Insula ~una", C. bicolor from Alberta (UA) , Edmonton, Alta., G.E. Ball; "California (St. Francisco), Taiti", and C. University of British Columbia (UBC) , puberula from "Montevideo, California, Vancouver, B.C., G.G.E. Scudder; United Insulae Puna, Taiti et Oahu". These names States National Museum (USNM), Washington, were apparently not noticed and not referred D.C., R.E. White. to by North American authors until 1889 when The abbreviations in parentheses in the Horn pointed them out and made the following above list are those used in the text when comment : citing material examined. The localities of the Eugenies Resa The scanning electron microscope material are notoriously badly mixed, pictures were taken by Mr. L.E.C. Ling, and no reliance can be placed upon Department of Biology, Carleton University. them. As I have been unable to He also provided much assistance in identify them, notwithstanding all preparing the illustrations. I also thank the collecting that has been done in Miss J. Read and Mr. A. Davies for helping California I think it best to omit with the distribution maps. Finally, I them from our lists. thank Dr. H. F. Howden for providing, through Confusion in the labelling of some of his NRC operating grant, the funds required the "Eugenies Resa" specimens was also for this study. reported by Smith and Lawrence (1967) who found, for example, that two species of REFERENCES Diabrotica listed by Boheman (1859) as from "California (St. Francisco)" are actually Allard, M.E. 1860. Essai Monographique sur Ecuadorian forms. They also pointed out les Galerucites Anisopodes (Latr.) ou that "Insul ae Puna" and "Tait i" (Pait i) are Description des Altises dtEurope et des localities in Ecuador. Rords de la Mer Mediterranee. Aanls. I have not seen Boheman's types but, Soc. ent. Fr. 8: 39-144. after careful examination of his . 1866a. Monographie des A1ticides descriptions, I am very doubtful that his Tribu de la Famille des Phytophages. species belong in the genus Crepidodera. in Monographie des Gelerucides Since the distributions given for some of dtEurope, du Nord de ltAfrique et de these species are unusual, it is also 1'Asie. Abeille, Paris 3: 169-508. possible that specimens were mislabel led. Allen, A.A. 1972. A note on food plants in Therefore, it is probably best to regard the genus Chalcoides ( Col. these species, supposedly from California, Chrysomelidae). Entomologist's mtm. as "incertae sedis". Mag. 108 (1301-1303): 213. Anderson, L.C. and H.G. Walker. 1934. The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS life history and control of the potato flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris Harris, Specimens were borrowed from several on the eastern shore of Virginia. J. museums in Canada and the United States. econ. Bnt. 27: 102-106. These institutions and the individuals Balduf, W.V. 1926. The Acalypha flea responsible for making the loans are beetle (Crepidodera atriventris gratefully thanked. They are as follows: Melsh.). J. econ. Ent. 19: 624-632. California Academy of Sciences (CAS), San Balsbaugh, E.U. Jr. and K.L. Hays. 1972. Francisco, Calif., D.H. Kavanaugh; Canadian The leaf beetles of Alabama (Coleoptera National Collection (CNC), Biosystematics : ~hrysomelidae). Auburn Univ. agric. Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont., D.E. Exp. Sta. Bull. 441: 1-223. Bright Jr.; California State Collection of Bedel, L. 1889-1901. Faune des Coleopteres Arthropods (CSCA), State of California du Bassin de la Seine. Vol. 5. Department of Food and Agriculture, Soci6t6 Entomologique de France, Sacramento, Calif., T.N. Seeno; Cornell Paris. 423 pp. University (CU), Ithaca, New York, L.L. Beller, S. and M.H. Hatch. 1932. Pechuman; Field Museum of Natural History Coleoptera of Washington: (FMNH), Chicago, Ill., R.L. Wenzel; H. and Chrysomelidae. Uaiv. Wash. Pubs A. Howden Collection (HAHC), Ottawa, Ont., Biol. 1 (2): 65-144. H.F. Howden; Museum of Comparative Zoology Blatchley, W.S. 1910. An illustrated ------INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

descriptive catalogue of the Coleoptera Korea. Part 2. Pacif. Insects or beetles known to occur in Indiana. knogr. 1B: 301-1026. Indiana Dept. Geol. Nat. as. Bull. 1, Hamilton, J. 1889. Catalogue of the 1386 pp. Coleoptera common to North America, Boheman, C.H. 1859. Coleoptera. Species Northern Asia and Europe, with the novas descripsit. in Kongliga svenska distribution and bibliography. fregat ten Eugenies resa omkring Trans. k. ent. Soc. 16: 88-162. Jorden. Zoologi 1. Insecta. 1894. Catalogue of the Coleoptera Stockholm. pp. 113-218. common to North America, Northern Asia Chagnon, G. et A. Robert. 1962. Principaux and Europe, with distribution and Coleopteres de la Province de Quebec, bibliography. Trans. k. Ent. SOC. 21: 2eme ed.. Les Presses de 345-416. LIUniversite de Montreal, Montreal, Harold, E. 1875. Beitrage zur Kenntniss Quebec. 440 pp. der Fauna von Neu-Granada. Halticinae Chapuis, F. 1875. in Lacordaire, Histoire (Erstes stuck.). Coleopt. Befte 14: naturelle des Insectes. Genera des 1-44. Coleopteres. Vol. 11. Paris. 220 pp. Hatch, M.H. 1924. A preliminary list of Chevrolat , M. 1837. in Dejean, Catalogue the Coleoptera of the Cranberry Lake des Coleopteres de la collection de region, New York, exclusive of the M. le Comte Dejean. ed. 3. Chez Buprestidae , Cerambycidae and Ipidae. Mequignon-Marvis Pere et Fils, Paris. N.Y. State College of Forestry at . 1844. inD1Orbigny, Charles, Syracuse Univ. Tech, Publ, No. 17 : Dictionnaire Universe1 D1His toire 273-312. Naturelle. Tome Quatrieme. Paris. . 1971. The beetles of the Pacific Chittenden, F.H. 19 25. Chalcoides Northwest. Part V. University of fluvicomis Fab. J1. N.Y. ent. Soc. Washington Press, Seattle, Washington. 33 (2): 120. 662 pp., 60 pl. and H.O. Marsh. 1920. The western Heikertinger, F. 1911. Welche cabbage flea beetle. U.S. Dep, Agric. Halticinenarten gehoren Europa und Bull. 902. Nordamerika gemeinsam an? Verh. Crotch, G.R. 1873. Materials for the study 2001.-bot. Ges. Wien 61: 1-20. of the Phytophaga of the United . 1924-1925. Die Halticinen-Genera States. Proc. bad. Nat. Sci. der Palaearktis und Nearktis. Philad. 25: 19-83. Koleopt. Rdech. 11: 25-70, 16 fig.. Dillon, E.S. and L.S. Dillon. 1961. A . 1925. Resultate fun£zehnjahriger manual of common beetles of eastern Untersuchungen uber die North America. Row, Peterson and Nahrungspflanzen einheimischer Company, New York. VIII & 884 pp. Halticinen. Ent. B1. Biol. Syst. Douglass, J.R. 1929. Chrysomelidae of Kafer 21 (1): 10-19. Kansas. J. Kane. Ent. Soc. 2 (1): . 1948-1950. Bestimmungstabelle der 2-15, 2 (2): 26-38. palaarktischen Arten der Crepidodera - Duckett, A.B. 1920. Annotated list of Verwandtschaft wei tes ten Sinnes. Halticini. Univ. Uziryland agric. Exp. Koleopt. Rdsch. 31: 15-139, 47 fig.. Sta. Bull. 241: 111-155. and E. Csiki. 1939. Chrysomelidae : Foudras, A.C.M.E. 1859 (1860a). in Halticinae I. Coleopterorum catalogus Mulsant, I%. 1839-1863. Histoire auspicus et auxilio W. Junk, editus a naturelle des Coleopteres de France S. Schenkling, pars 166, 336 pp. 11. Altisides (Halticinae) von C. Henshaw, S. 1895. Third supplement to list Foudras. Annls. Soc. li~. Lyon of coleoptera of America, North of (n.s,) 6 (1859): 137-384, 7 (1860a): Mexico. American Entomological 17-128. Society, Philadelphia. 62 pp. . 1860b. in Mulsant, E. 1859-1860. Hincks , W. D. 1952 Notes on Histoire naturelle des Coleopteres de Asiorestia Jacobson (Col. France. 11. Altlsides, par C. Chrysomelidae). J. Soc. Br. Ent. 4: Foudras. Magnin, Blanchard et Cie, 113-115. Paris. 384 pp. Horn, G.H. 1889. A synopsis of the Fowler, W.W. 1890. The Coleoptera of the Halticini of boreal America. Trans. British Islands. Vol. 4. L. Reeve and Am. ent. Soc. 16: 163-320, pls. 5-7. Co., London. 411 pp., pl. 99-142. Jacoby, M. 1885. Biologia Gressitt, J.L. and S. Klmoto. 1963. The Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Chrysomelidae (Coleopt.) of China and Coleoptera, Galerucidae, vol. 6, pt. 1: Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI

-- 337-408. (Chrysomelinae and Halticinae). Taylor . 189 1. Biologia Centrali-Americana, and Francis, London. XIV & 442 pp. Insecta, Coleoptera, Supplement to (map) Phytophaga, vol. 6, pt. 1, Suppl.: Melsheimer, F.E. 1847. Descriptions of new 233-312. species of Coleoptera of the United Jones, E.W. 1944. Biological studies of States. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. two potato flea beetles in eastern Philad. 3: 158-181. Washington. J. econ. Ent. 37: 9-12. Mohr, K.H. 1966. in Freude, H., K.W. Harde Kuster, H.C. 1847-1848. Die Kafer and G.A. Lohse. 1966. Die Kafer Europa's. Hefts 1-28. Bauer and Mitteleuropas. Band. 9. Raspe, Nurnberg. Cerambycidae, Chrysomelidae. Goecke & Kutschera, F. 1860. Beitrage zur Kenntniss Evers Verlag, Krefeld. 299 pp. der europaischen Halticinen. Wien. Redtenbacher, L. 1874. Fauna Austriaca. ent. bchr.4: 68-79, 112-121, Die Kafer. ed. 3, vol. 2. Wien. 571 129-143. & CLIII pp. Lazorko, W. 1974. Descriptions of three Samuelson, G.A. 1973. Alticinae of Oceania new Chalcoides Foudr. from Canada, with (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae). Pacif. a key to the known Nearctic species. Insects Ibnogr. 30: 1-165. (Chrysomelidae : Halticinae). Ent. Say, T. 1824. Descriptions of coleopterous B1. Biol. Syst. Kafer 70 (3): 146-154. insects collected in the late LeConte, J.L. 1857. Report upon insects expedition to the Rocky Mountains, collected on the survey. (Reports of performed by order of Mr. Calhoun, explorations and surveys for a railroad Secretary of War, under the command of route from the Mississippi River to the Major Long. J. &ad. Nat. Sci. Pacific Ocean.) Washington. (A Philad. 4 (1): 83-99. preprint; the report was published in Schaeffer, C. 1924. On a few new and old 1860.) 72 pp. Chrysomelidae. Jl. I.Y. Ent. Soc. 32: . 1858. Description of new species of 138-145. Coleoptera, chiefly collected by the -. 1932. Notes on some Halticinae with United States and Mexican Boundary descriptions of new species (Col. : Commission, under Major W.H. Emory, Chrysomelidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. U.S.A.. Proc. &ad. nat. Sci. Soc. 27: 239-245. Philad. 10: 59-89. Seidlitz, G. 1875. Fauna Baltica. Die . 1861. New species of Coleoptera Kafer der Ostseeprovinzen Russlands. inhabiting the Pacific district of the Verlag der Dorpater United States. Proc. &ad. nat. Sci. Naturforscher-Gesellschaft. Dorpat . Philad. 13: 338-359. XLII & 560 pp. . 1874. in Austin E.P. 1874. Smith, R.F. and J.F. Lawrence. 1967. Catalogue of the Coleoptera of Mt. Clarification of the status of the type Washington, N.H. Proc. Boston Soc. specimens of Diabroticites (Coleoptera, nat. Kist. 16: 265-276. Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae). Univ. Leesberg, A.F.A. 1881-1882. Bijdrage Tot Calif. Pubs Ent. 45: 1-174, 4 pl. De Kennis der Inlandsche Halticiden. Stephens, J.F. 1839. A manual of British Tijdschr. Ent. 24 (1881): 169-208; 25 Coleoptera or beetles. Longman, Orme (1882): 137-178. Brown, Green, and Longmans, London. Leng, C.W. 1920. Catalogue of the 443 pp. Coleoptera of America, north of Thomson, C.G. 1866. Skandinaviens Mexico. Mount Vernon, N.Y. 470 pp. Coleoptera, Synoptiskt Bearbetade. Loan, C.C. 1967a. Studies on the taxonomy Tom. 8, Lund. 409 & LXXV pp. and biology of the Euphorinae Westdal, P.H. and W. Romanow. 1972. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae). I. Four Observations on the biology of the flea new Canadian species of Microctonus. beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae Ann. Ent. Soc. h. 60 (1): 230-235. ( Coleoptera Chrysomelidae) . . 1967b. Studies on the taxonomy and Uanitoba Ent. 6: 35-45. biology of the Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Wilcox, J.A. 1954. Leaf beetles of Ohio Braconidae). 11. Host relations of (Chrysomelidae : Coleoptera). Bull. six nicroctonus species. Ann. ent. Ohio biol. Sum. 43 (vol. 8, no. 3): SOC. dr. 60 (1): 236-240. 353-506. Maulik, S. 1926. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Coleoptera. Chrysomelidae 186 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, Ocrober 1986

Fig. 1. Crepidodera violaeea Melsheimer. Male, head and pronotum. Fig. 2. C. bella n. sp. Male, head and pronotum. Fig. 3. C. aereola (LeConte). Male, head end pronotum; (A) Anterior pronotal angle. Fig. 4. C. aculpturata (Lazorko) . Male, head and pronotum. Figs. 5, 6. C. bella n. sp. 5. Male, dorsal habitus; (B) Elytral depression. 6. Hale, dorsal lateral view of elytral depression. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDl 187

Fig. 7. Crepidodera aereola (LeConte). Wale, habitus view. Fig. 8. C. broimi n. sp. Male, holotype, dorsal view of elytra. Fig. 9. C. heikertingeri (Lazorko). Male, dorsal view of elytra. Fig. 10. C. luinoaa n. sp. Wale, dorsal view of elytra. Figs. 11, 12. C. rulpturata (Lazorko). 11. Male, ventral view. 12. Female, ventral view. 188 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Fig. 13. Crepidodera dip. n. sp. Male, ventral view of metasternum. Fig. 14. C. aotita n. sp. Male, ventral view of metastetnurn. Fig. 15. C. heikertiageri (Lazorko). Uale, ventral view of metasternum. Fig. 16. C. digns n. sp. Female, ventral view of rnetasternurn. Pig. 17. C. lmgula Horn and Fig. 18. C. violacea Melsheimer. Male genitalia, dorsal, left lateral, and ventral view of median lobe and tegmen. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 189

Fig. 19. Crepidodera spenderi (~azorko); Fig. 20. C. solita n. sp.; Fig. 21. C. decoran. sp.; Fig. 22. C. brovnin. sp.; Fig. 23. C. opulenta(LeConte); Fig. 24. C. luminosa n. sp.; Male genitalia, dorsal, left lateral, and ventral view of median lobe and tegmen. 190 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Fig. 25. Crepidodera vaga n. sp.; Fig. 26. C. heikertiageri (Lazorko) ; Fig. 27. C. digna n. sp.; Fig. 28. C. populivora n. sp.; Fig. 29. C. bella n. sp., holotype; Fig. 30. C. aereola (LeConte); Male genitalia, dorsal, left lateral, and ventral view of median lobe and tegmen. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 191

Fig. 31. Crepidodera sculpturata (Lazorko) ; Fig. 32. C. nana (Say) ; Male genitalia, dorsal, left lateral, and ventral view of median lobe and tegmen. Figs. 33-36. C. heikertingeri (Lazorko); third instar larva. 33. Dorsal view of head. 34. Dorsal view of prothorax. 35. Dorsal view of typical abdominal segment. 36. Dorsal view of anal plate (gth abdominal tergum) . 192 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Fig. 37. Crepidodera longula Horn; Fig. 38. C. violacea ~elsheimer; Fig. 39. C. spenceri (Lazorko); ~ig.40. C. solita n. sp.; Fig. 41. C. decora n. sp.; Fig. 42. C. brovai n. sp. ; Fig. 43. C. opulenta (LeConte) ; Fig. 44. C. luminosa n. sp. ; Fig. 45. C. vaga n. sp.; Fig. 46. C. heikertingeri (Lazorko) ; Fig. 47. C. digna n. sp.; Fig. 48. C. populivora n. sp.; Fig. 49. C. bella n. sp.; Fig. 50. C. aereola (LeConte); Fig. 51. C. sculpturata (Lazorko); Fig. 52. C. nana (Say) ; Spermathecae, lateral view. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 193

Distributions of: Map 1. Crepidodera longula Horn. Map 2. C, violaeea Melsheimer. Map 3. C. spenderi (Lazorko). Map 4. C, solita n. sp. 194 INSECTA MUNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Distributions of: Map 5. Crepidodera decora n. sp. Map 6. C. brovni n. sp. Map 7. C. opulenta (~econte). Map 8. C. luminosa n. sp. Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986 INSECTA MUNDI 195

Distributions of: Map 9. Crepidodera vaga n. sp. Map 10. C. heikertingeri (Lazorko). Map 11. C. digna n. sp. Map 12. C. populivora n. sp. 196 INSECTA iM*UNDI Vol. 1, no. 3, October 1986

Distributions of: Map 13. Crepidodera bella n. sp. Map 14. C. aereola (LeConte) . Map 15. C. sculpturata (Lazorko) . Map 16. C. nana (Say).