Erschienen in: Journal of Biogeography ; 47 (2020), 1. - S. 1-12 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13633

Macroecology in the age of Big Data – Where to go from here?

Rafael O. Wüest 1 Պ| Niklaus E. Zimmermann 1 Պ| Damaris Zurell 2 Պ| Jake M. Alexander 3 Պ| Susanne A. Fritz 4,5 Պ| Christian Hof 6 Պ| Holger Kreft 7 Պ| Signe Normand 8 Պ| Juliano Sarmento Cabral 9 Պ| Eniko Szekely 10 Պ| Wilfried Thuiller 11 Պ| Martin Wikelski 12,13 Պ| Dirk Nikolaus Karger 1

1"‰bvv ;7;u-Ѵ!;v;-u1_mv|b|†|;)"ķbul;mv7ou=ķ"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7 2 ;r-u|l;m|o=;o]u-r_‹ķ†l0oѴ7|&mbˆ;uvb|‹;uѴbmķ;uѴbmķ;ul-m‹ 3mv|b|†|;o=m|;]u-|bˆ;boѴo]‹ķ $,†ub1_ķ,ুub1_ķ"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7 4";m1h;m0;u]bo7bˆ;uvb|‹-m7Ѵbl-|;!;v;-u1_;m|u;ķ u-mh=†u|Ő-bmőķ;ul-m‹ 5mv|b|†|;o= 1oѴo]‹ķ ˆoѴ†|bomş bˆ;uvb|‹ķo;|_;Ŋ&mbˆ;uvb|‹ķ u-mh=†u|Ő-bmőķ;ul-m‹ 6$;uu;v|ub-Ѵ 1oѴo]‹!;v;-u1_uo†rķ$;1_mb1-Ѵ&mbˆ;uvb|‹o=†mb1_ķ u;bvbm]ķ;ul-m‹ 7bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ķ-1uo;1oѴo]‹şbo];o]u-r_‹ķ -1†Ѵ|‹o= ou;v|"1b;m1;v-m7 ou;v| 1oѴo]‹ķ&mbˆ;uvb|‹o=क़||bm];mķक़||bm];mķ;ul-m‹ Ѷ 1obm=oul-|b1vşbo7bˆ;uvb|‹ş;m|;u=oubo7bˆ;uvb|‹om-_-m]bm]‰ouѴ7ķ-u_†vķ ;ml-uh 9 1ov‹v|;lo7;Ѵbm]ķ$&mbˆ;uvb|‹o=)ুuŒ0†u]ķ)ুuŒ0†u]ķ;ul-m‹ 10 "‰bvv -|-"1b;m1;;m|;uķ $,†ub1_-m7  ķ-†v-mm;ķ"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7 11 ˆoѴ†|bomķo7;Ѵbm]-m7m-Ѵ‹vbvo=bo7bˆ;uvb|‹Ő őķ-0ou-|obu;7ŝ 1oѴo]b;Ѵrbm;Ő őķ&mbˆ;uvb|࣐u;mo0Ѵ;Ѵr;vķu;mo0Ѵ;ķ u-m1; 12 -ŠŊѴ-m1hŊmv|b|†|=ouumb|_oѴo]‹ķ(o];Ѵ‰-u|;!-7oѴ=Œ;ѴѴķ!-7oѴ=Œ;ѴѴķ;ul-m‹ 13 ;m|u;=ou|_;7ˆ-m1;7"|†7‹o=oѴѴ;1|bˆ;;_-ˆbo†uķ&mbˆ;uvb|‹o=omv|-mŒķomv|-mŒķ;ul-m‹

Correspondence buhbhoѴ-†v-u];uķ"‰bvv ;7;u-Ѵ Abstract !;v;-u1_mv|b|†|;)"ķ,ুu1_;uv|u-vv;ƐƐƐķ !;1;m|‹;-uv_-ˆ;v;;m-m;Šrom;m|b-Ѵbm1u;-v;bm|_;-lo†m|o=7-|--ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;bm-ѴѴ ѶƖƏƒbul;mv7ou=ķ"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7ĺ l-bѴĹ7buhĺh-u];uŠ‰vѴĺ1_ v1b;m1;v-m7-rrѴb1-|bom7ol-bmvĺ-1uo;1oѴo]‹bvr-u|o=|_bvľb] -|-Ŀ|u;m7ķ‰b|_ -v|uom]ubv;bm|_;ˆoѴ†l;o=7-|-|_-|‰;-u;†vbm]=ouo†uu;v;-u1_ĺ;u;ķ‰;v†lŊ Funding information †uor;-m&mbomŝvoubŒomƑƏƑƏu;v;-u1_ l-ubŒ;|_;lov|u;1;m|7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|vbml-1uo;1oѴo]‹bm|_;-];o=b] -|-|_-| -m7bmmoˆ-|bomruo]u-ll;ķu-m|ņ‰-u7 ‰;u;ru;v;m|;7-||_;ƑƏƐѶ-mm†-Ѵl;;|bm]o=|_;"r;1b-Ѵbv|uo†r-1uo;1oѴo]‹ †l0;uĹѵƕѶѶƓƐĸ u;m1_-|bom-Ѵ=†m7b;u ];m1;-|bom-Ѵ;ro†uѴ-!;1_;u1_;ķu-m|ņ o=|_; 1oѴo]b1-Ѵ"o1b;|‹o=;ul-m‹ķ†v|ub--m7"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7Ő=ࠑőĺ"†rrou|;70‹ ‰-u7†l0;uĹ!ŊƐѶŊ ƓŋƏƏƏƖĸ"‰bvv 1olr†|-|bom-Ѵ-7ˆ-m1;vķl-1uo;1oѴo]‹_-v0;;m-u-rb7Ѵ‹7;ˆ;Ѵorbm]=b;Ѵ7oˆ;uu;Ŋ -|bom-Ѵ"1b;m1; o†m7-|bomĸ" ķu-m|ņ ‰-u7†l0;uĹƒƐƏƏƒƏŊƐƕƏƏƔƖĸ!ķ 1;m|‹;-uvĺ†ul;;|bm]_b]_Ѵb]_|;7blrou|-m|-ˆ;m†;v=ou=†u|_;uruo]u;vvbm|;ulv u-m|ņ‰-u7†l0;uĹ!ŊƐѵŊ ƖƒŊƏƏƓĸ o=v|-m7-u7bŒ;77-|-1oѴѴ;1|bomķ7-|-bm|;]u-|bomķl;|_o77;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|-m7ruo1;vv ;ul-m"1b;m1; o†m7-|bomķu-m|ņ ‰-u7†l0;uĹ,&ƒѵƐņ-m7ƐŊƐĸ(bѴѴ†l bm|;]u-|bomĺmr-u|b1†Ѵ-uķ‰;=o1†vomŐ-őblrou|-m|7-|-]-rv-m7m;‰bmb|b-|bˆ;v o†m7-|bomĸ ķu-m|ņ‰-u7†l0;uĹ |o1Ѵov;|_;lķ=ou;Š-lrѴ;|_uo†]_vr-1;Ŋ-m7-bu0oum;v;mvouvķŐ0ő_o‰ˆ-ubo†v ƓƑƑƏƒƕƖѶƓ 7-|-vo†u1;v-m7|‹r;v1-m0;bm|;]u-|;7ķŐ1ő_o‰†m1;u|-bm|‹1-m0;-vv;vv;7bm -m7Ѵbm] 7b|ouĹ_ubv|bm;;‹m-u7 7-|-Ŋ7ubˆ;m-m-Ѵ‹v;v-m7Ő7ő_o‰b] -|--m7l-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]-rruo-1_;v_-ˆ; or;m;7m;‰‰-‹vo=bmˆ;v|b]-|bm]ruo1;vv;vu-|_;u|_-mvblrѴ‹7;v1ub0bm]r-||;umvĺ );7bv1†vv_o‰b] -|-or;mv†rm;‰orrou|†mb|b;vķ0†|-Ѵvorov;vm;‰1_-ѴѴ;m];v |ol-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_ĺm|_;=†|†u;ķb|‰bѴѴ0;;vv;m|b-Ѵ|o1-u;=†ѴѴ‹-vv;vv7-|- t†-Ѵb|‹ķ|_;u;ruo7†1b0bѴb|‹o=7-|-1olrbѴ-|bom-m7-m-Ѵ‹|b1-Ѵl;|_o7vķ-m7|_;1olŊ l†mb1-|bomo=†m1;u|-bm|b;vĺ-fouruo]u;vvbm|_;=b;Ѵ7‰bѴѴ7;r;m7om|_;7;=bmb|bom

1 Konstanzer Online-Publikations-System (KOPS) URL: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:352-2-a4srg3j794bz9 ƑՊ

o=7-|-v|-m7-u7v-m7‰ouh=Ѵo‰v=oul-1uo;1oѴo]‹ķv†1_|_-|v1b;m|b=b1t†-Ѵb|‹-m7 bm|;]ub|‹-u;]†-u-m|;;7ķ-m71oѴѴ-0ou-|bombmu;v;-u1_ruof;1|vbvl-7;;-vb;uĺ

KEYWORDS bo];o]u-r_‹ķ1om=;u;m1;oˆ;uˆb;‰ķ7-|-v1b;m1;ķbmm;-mv_ou|=-ѴѴķl-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]ķ -1uo;1oѴo]‹ķu;lo|;v;mvbm]ķvr-1;Ŋ0oum;;1oѴo]‹ķ)-ѴѴ-1;-mv_ou|=-ѴѴ

ƐՊ |Պ$! &$ uo]u;vvbm|_;-1t†bvb|bomo=Ѵ-u];ķr†0Ѵb1Ѵ‹-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;7-|-v;|v _-v0;;m-11olr-mb;70‹|_;7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|o=-u|b=b1b-Ѵbm|;ѴѴb];m1;ķ -|- -m-Ѵ‹vbv |_uo†]_ b] -|- -m7 l-1_bm; Ѵ;-umbm] l;|_o7v bv moˆ;Ѵv|-|bv|b1-Ѵ|ooѴv-m7-7-r|;71olr†|;urѴ-|=oulv|_-|-u;-0Ѵ; †v;7bm-‰b7;u-m];o=-rrѴb1-|bomvbmo†u7-bѴ‹Ѵbˆ;vĺb] -|--u; |ol-m-];-m7-m-Ѵ‹v;b] -|-0;‹om7|_;1-r-1b|‹o=-vbm]Ѵ;1olŊ 7;=bm;70‹|_;=bˆ;(vĹˆoѴ†l;ķˆ-ub;|‹Ő_;|;uo];m;b|‹o=vo†u1;vķ r†|;uĺ$_;|;ulľb] -|-Ŀbvo=|;m†v;7v‹mom‹lo†vѴ‹‰b|_ľѴ-u]; †mv|u†1|†u;77-|-őķˆ;Ѵo1b|‹Ővr;;7o=7-|-];m;u-|bom -m7 1oѴѴ;1Ŋ 7-|-Ŀbml-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺ(oѴ†l;bvķ_o‰;ˆ;uķomѴ‹om;o=|_;=bˆ;(vĺ |bomőķˆ;u-1b|‹Նm1;u|-bm|‹-m77-|-t†-Ѵb|‹ő-m7ˆ-Ѵ†;ĺv|_;=buv| mo|_;u‰ou7vķľb] -|-Ŀ7omo|omѴ‹u;=;u|o7-|-v;|v|_-|-u;Ѵ-u]; =o†u(v-u;v;Ѵ=Ŋ;ŠrѴ-m-|ou‹ķ|_;ˆ-Ѵ†;o=b] -|- u;=;uv |o ‰_-| bmvbŒ;ĺmv|;-7ķ|_;=o†uu;l-bmbm](vՈ-ub;|‹ķˆ;Ѵo1b|‹ķˆ;u-1b|‹-m7 v1b;m|b=b1hmo‰Ѵ;7];‰;1-m;Š|u-1|=uolb|ĺ$_;-rrѴb1-|bomvo=b] ˆ-Ѵ†;őblrѴ‹|_-|b] -|--m-Ѵ‹v;vu;t†bu;vr;1b=b1l;|_o7v|_-|-u; -|- u-m]; =uol r;uvom-ѴbŒ;7 l;7b1bm;ķ loˆb; u;1oll;m7-|bomvķ v†b|-0Ѵ;|o-m-Ѵ‹v;7-|-o=Ѵ-u];ˆoѴ†l;|_-|v|;l=uol_;|;uo];Ŋ r;uvom-ѴbŒ;7 -7ˆ;u|bv;l;m|v bm vo1b-Ѵ l;7b-ķ |o |u-mvrou|-|bom m;o†vķ-†|omolo†vvo†u1;v-m7-bl-|;ŠrѴoubm]|_;1olrѴ;Š-m7 v1_;7†Ѵbm]ķ omѴbm; v_orrbm] v†]];v|bomv ou ;ˆ;m v;Ѵ=Ŋ7ubˆbm] 1-uvĺ u-rb7Ѵ‹;ˆoѴˆbm]u;Ѵ-|bomv_brv-lom]7-|-Ő-l0-|Ѵ-ķoѴѴb-vķ†l-uķ †|o=‰_-|ˆ-Ѵ†;-u;b] -|-bml-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_ĵ$_bv‰-v şu-l-ķƑƏƐƓĸ*bm7om];|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƓőĺ$_;7b==;u;m1;0;|‰;;mѴ-u]; |_;|orb1o=|_;ƑƏƐѶl;;|bm]o=|_;"r;1b-Ѵbv|uo†r-1uo;1oѴo]‹ -m7b] -|-1-m0;bѴѴ†v|u-|;70‹-|_o†]_|;Šr;ubl;m|Ĺbl-]bm; o=|_; 1oѴo]b1-Ѵ"o1b;|‹o=;ul-m‹ķ†v|ub-ķ-m7"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7Ő=ࠑő -†mbˆ-ub-|;7-|-v;|o=lbѴѴbomvo=7-|-robm|v|_-|ķ7;vrb|;0;bm] ľ-1uoƑƏƐѶĿ_;Ѵ7-||_;"‰bvv ;7;u-Ѵ!;v;-u1_mv|b|†|;)"bm Ѵ-u];ķ1-m0;-vv;vv;7‰b|_1Ѵ-vvb1-Ѵl;|_o7oѴo]‹v†1_-v=u;t†;mŊ bul;mv7ou=ķ"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7ĺ$_;-blo=|_bvr-r;u‰-v|ov‹m|_;vbŒ;ķ |bv|ou-‹;vb-mv|-|bv|b1vĺ"†1_7-|--u;mo|m;1;vv-ubѴ‹b] -|-ķ0†| -m7ruoˆb7;-moˆ;uˆb;‰o=ķ|_;1†uu;m|7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|vbml-1uo;1oѴŊ u-|_;uѴ-u];7-|-ĺ)_-|l-h;vѴ-u];7-|-0b]bv|_;=-1||_-||_;7-|- o]‹‰b|_u;vr;1||ob] -|-|_-|‰;u;_b]_Ѵb]_|;77†ubm]|_bv1omŊ -u;_;|;uo];m;o†vķ1oѴѴ;1|;7=uol-l†Ѵ|b|†7;o=vo†u1;v|_-|;-1_ =;u;m1;ķ-m7|o=Ѵ-]ro|;m|b-Ѵrb|=-ѴѴv-m7orrou|†mb|b;v-ubvbm]=uol _-7|_;buo‰m-bl=ou]-|_;ubm]|_;7-|-ĺ$_;v_;;u1olrѴ;Šb|‹o= |_;v;7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|vĺ |_;v;_;|;uo];m;o†v7-|-u;t†bu;vr†urov;0†bѴ|l;|_o7oѴo]b;v-m7 ˆ;u|_;Ѵ-v|7;1-7;vķ‰;_-ˆ;v;;m-l-vvbˆ;bm1u;-v;bm|_; 1-u;=†Ѵ-vv;vvl;m|o=†m1;u|-bm|b;vķ‰_bѴ;or;mbm]†r-l†Ѵ|b|†7;o= -lo†m|o=r†0Ѵb1Ѵ‹-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;7-|-|_-|-u;u;Ѵ;ˆ-m|=oul-1uo;1oѴŊ t†;v|bomv|_-|1o†Ѵ70;-mv‰;u;7‰b|_b|ĺ o]‹ĺ"†1_7-|-1-mbm1Ѵ†7;;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵķ];m;|b1ķ|u-b|ķ7bv|ub0†|bomķ m |_;bu _oubŒomŊv1-mmbm] r-r;u =ou l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ķ ;1h ;| -Ѵĺ loˆ;l;m|ķ1oŊo11†uu;m1;ouror†Ѵ-|bom7;lo]u-r_b17-|-ĺ b]†u;Ɛ ŐƑƏƐƑőb7;m|b=b;7=o†ul-fou1_-ѴѴ;m];vbml-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_Ĺ bѴѴ†v|u-|;v|_bvbm1u;-v;bm7-|--ˆ-bѴ-0bѴb|‹†vbm]|_;;Š-lrѴ;o=o1Ŋ bm|;]u-|bomo=_bv|oub1-Ѵ1om|bm];m1b;vķ;ŠrѴb1b|1omvb7;u-|bomo=ruoŊ 1†uu;m1;bm=oul-|bombm|_;Ѵo0-Ѵbo7bˆ;uvb|‹m=oul-|bom -1bѴb|‹ 1;vv;vķ-]]u;]-|bomo=Ѵ-u];_b]_Ŋt†-Ѵb|‹7-|-v;|vom-]Ѵo0-Ѵv1-Ѵ; Ő ĸ‰‰‰ĺ]0b=ĺou]ő-m7-mbl-Ѵ|u-1hbm]7-|-bmoˆ;0-mhՉ‰‰ĺ -m7|_;-7ˆ-m1;l;m|o=v|-|bv|b1-Ѵl;|_o7v|-bѴou;7|o|_;m;;7v loˆ;0-mhĺou]őĺvlou;7-|-0;1ol;-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;ķr†0Ѵb1-|bomvomb] o=l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺom|ub0†|bomv-||_;=ࠑl-1uo;1oѴo]‹l;;|bm] -|-_-ˆ;bm1u;-v;71ouu;vrom7bm]Ѵ‹bmlov|m-|†u-Ѵ-m7 Ѵb=; v1bŊ ƑƏƐѶ;ŠrѴb1b|Ѵ‹Ѵbmh;7-vr;1|vo=|_;Ѵ-||;u|_u;;o=|_;v;l-fou1_-ѴŊ ;m1;vŐ b]†u;Ɛőĺm=-1|ķ‰b|_bm|_;0uo-7=b;Ѵ7o=;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ-m70boŊ Ѵ;m];v|ob] -|-ĺ);vr;1b=b1-ѴѴ‹1oˆ;u|_;|orb1v|_-|;l;u];7 ];o]u-r_b1u;v;-u1_ķb] -|-|ooѴvŐ=uol];m;u-|bomķl-bm|;m-m1;ķ =uol|_;l;;|bm]bm|_;=o†u=buv|v;1|bomvo=|_bvr-r;uŐ-ő-]]u;Ŋ bm|;]u-|bomo=l†Ѵ|brѴ;7-|-v;|vķ|o-1|†-Ѵ-m-Ѵ‹v;vő-rr;-u|o_-ˆ; ]-|bomo=Ѵ-u];7-|-v;|vķŐ0ő7-|-_-ulombŒ-|bom-m7bm|;]u-|bomķŐ1ő 0;;m lov| o=|;m †v;7 bm l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ r†0Ѵb1-|bomv Ő b]†u; Ɛőĺ †m1;u|-bm|‹ruor-]-|bom-m70b-vbm7-|-ķ-m7Ő7ő|_;;ŠrѴb1b|1omŊ †;|o|_;Ѵ-u];-lo†m|o=7-|--vv;l0Ѵ;7ķl-m‹7-|-1oѴѴ;1|bombmbŊ vb7;u-|bom o= ruo1;vv;vĺ -1_ v;1|bom o†|Ѵbm;v u;1;m| -7ˆ-m1;v bm |b-|bˆ;vmo‰o==;u†mru;1;7;m|;7rovvb0bѴb|b;v|ov;-u1_=ou];m;u-Ѵ u;Ѵ-|bom|ob] -|-ķ-m7ķ‰_;u;-rruorub-|;ķѴbmhv|o|_;l-1uo;1oŊ r-||;umv-m7l;1_-mbvlvbm|_;]Ѵo0-Ѵ7bv|ub0†|bomo=0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ Ѵo]b1-Ѵ1_-ѴѴ;m];vo†|Ѵbm;70‹;1h;|-ѴĺŐƑƏƐƑőĺm|_;Ѵ-v|v;1|bom Őu†;Ѵ_;b7;;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶőĺ$_bv7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|_-v0;;mr-u|Ѵ‹-vvbv|;7 Ő|_;=†|†u;o=b] -|-bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹őķ‰;rov|†Ѵ-|;|_-||_;_†]; 0‹|_;=-1||_-|l-m‹fo†um-Ѵv_-ˆ;-7or|;7-7-|-v_-ubm]roѴb1‹ -lo†m|vo=bm=oul-|bom|_-|-u;mo‰0;1olbm]-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ; |o l-1Ŋ -m7bm1u;-vbm]Ѵ‹7;l-m7|_-|-†|_ouvl-h;|_;bu7-|-r†0Ѵb1Ѵ‹-ˆ-bѴŊ uo;1oѴo]bv|vŋ0;b|;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵķ|-Šomolb1ķ0bo];o]u-r_b1ķ|u-b| -0Ѵ;ķ|_†vloˆbm]|o‰-u7vor;mv1b;m1;ĺm-77b|bomķ-m;‰1-|;]ou‹ our_‹Ѵo];m;|b1bm=oul-|bomŋor;m†rm;‰rovvb0bѴb|b;v=oul-1uoŊ o=r-r;uv_-v-rr;-u;7ķ‰_;u;7-|--m7|_;bul;|-7-|-ķ-v‰;ѴѴ-v ;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_bm|_;†r1olbm]7;1-7;ķb=|_;l-fou1_-ѴѴ;m];v |_;bu];m;u-|bomruo|o1oѴvķ1-m0;r†0Ѵbv_;7ĺ u;]-u7bm]7-|-ruo1;vvbm]ķt†-Ѵb|‹1om|uoѴ-m7-m-Ѵ‹v;v1-m0;l;|ĺ Պƒ

&! ƐՊ $bl;Ѵbm;o=b] -|-bm l-1uo;1oѴo]‹Ő0o||olr-m;Ѵő-m7b|v blrubm|om|_;r†0Ѵb1-|bomu;1ou7Ő|or r-m;Ѵőĺb;1_-u|vv_o‰|_;-lo†m| o=r†0Ѵb1-|bomv‰b|_|_;|;ulľb] percentage big data of all publicaons -|-Ŀbm;b|_;u|_;|b|Ѵ;ķou|_;|orb1ķ bm1ol0bm-|bom‰b|_v;ˆ;u-Ѵv1b;m|b=b1 7bv1brѴbm;vŐ1oѴo†uv-u;1-|;]oub1-Ѵ-m7 u;ru;v;m||_;u;vr;1|bˆ;7bv1brѴbm;őķ=uol -v;-u1_om");0o=mo‰Ѵ;7];oˆ;u |_;‹;-uvĺ$_;v1-Ѵ;bvvblbѴ-u=ou0o|_rb; 1_-u|vĺ$_;‰b7|_o=;-1_vѴb1;]bˆ;v|_; r;u1;m|-];o=r†0Ѵb1-|bomv|_-|1-uu‹|_; |;ulb] -|-bmu;Ѵ-|bom|o|_;oˆ;u-ѴѴ -lo†m|o=r†0Ѵb1-|bomvbm|_;u;vr;1|bˆ; =b;Ѵ7vĺ$_;|bl;Ѵbm;-||_;0o||ol bm7b1-|;v|_;1u;-|bomo=l-fou7-|- rou|-Ѵvķ-v‰;ѴѴ-vh;‹;ˆ;m|v‰b|_u;vr;1| |ovo†u1;v];m;u-|bm]b] -|-ĺѴo0-Ѵ 9 publicaons [#] v|ou-];1-r-1b|‹ŐƐ;Š-0‹|;ƷƐƏ őbv |-h;m=uolŐbѴ0;u|şॕr;ŒķƑƏƐƐő‰_b1_ Global ruoˆb7;7-|-†m|bѴƑƏƐƐĺ$bl;v-=|;uƑƏƐƐ storage capacity ŐѴb]_|]u;‹ő-u;;Š|u-roѴ-|;7ŒoѴo†u=b]†u; 1-m0;ˆb;‰;7-|‰bѴ;‹omѴbm;Ѵb0u-u‹ĺ1olœ

GBIF

Movebank exabyte / occurences (global storage) [Mio.] (GBIF & Movebank)

1982 1995 1997 2007 2012 2018 Genebank CMIP M. Cox & GBIF starts Movebank starts sPlot launches starts D. Ellsworth coin the term DATA «Big Data» PORTALS 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 NOITARENE

1989 2014 DATA J. Brown terms 1999 2000 2010 Sentinel 1 2018 2018 «Macroecology» MODIS launch SRTM UAVs launch Icarus launch GEDI launch G

ƑՊ |Պ! $ !  $" $" _b]_Ŋu;voѴ†|bom7b]b|-Ѵ;Ѵ;ˆ-|bomlo7;Ѵv‰b|_]Ѵo0-Ѵ1oˆ;u-];7;ѴbˆŊ ;u;70‹"!$-m7mo‰$-m ō*Ő b]†u;Ɛőĺ ˆ;u‹m;‰];m;u-|bom -foum;‰vo†u1;vo=7-|-=oul-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_|_-|_-ˆ; o=v;mvouv|_;u;0‹Ѵ;-7v|o_b]_;uvr-|b-Ѵķ|;lrou-Ѵou|_;l-|b1u;vŊ 0;1ol;-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;bmu;1;m|‹;-uv_;Ѵr;7|o=bѴѴ|_u;;l-fou]-rv†r oѴ†|bomĺm7|_;u;ŝvlou;|o1ol;ĺ ou;Š-lrѴ;ķ|_;u;1;m|Ѵ-†m1_ |omo‰Ĺ]-rv-1uovvvr-|b-Ѵv1-Ѵ;vŐ|_;ľv1-Ѵ;v_ou|=-ѴѴĿőķ]-rvbm|_; o=|_;!&"Őm|;um-|bom-Ѵoor;u-|bom=oumbl-Ѵ!;v;-u1_&vbm] 0bol;v1oˆ;u;7Ő|_;ľ)-ѴѴ-1;-mv_ou|=-ѴѴĿő-m7]-rvbm|_;m†l0;u "r-1;ķ b]†u;Ɛő-m|;mm-om|_;m|;um-|bom-Ѵ"r-1;"|-|boml-uhv o=|-Š-1oˆ;u;7Ő|_;ľbmm;-mv_ou=-ѴѴĿķ;1h;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƑĸou|-Ѵ;| |_;0;]bmmbm]o=-m;‰;u-bm-mbl-Ѵ|u-1hbm]ķ];m;u-|bm];moulo†v -ѴĺķƑƏƐƔőĺ$_;7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m|v|_-|‰;o†|Ѵbm;0;Ѵo‰_-ˆ;1om|ub0†|;7 -lo†m|vo=7-|-;ˆ;u‹lbm†|;ĺrrѴb1-|bomvo=-mbl-Ѵ|u-1hbm]7-|- |ooˆ;u1olbm]|_;v;v_ou|=-ѴѴv-m7|o-ѴѴ-vr;1|vo=b] -|-ķ0†| u-m];=uol=ou;1-v|bm];-u|_t†-h;vŐ-b;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶő|obmˆ;v|b]-|Ŋ ;vr;1b-ѴѴ‹vo|oˆoѴ†l;ķˆ-ub;|‹-m7ˆ;Ѵo1b|‹ĺ bm]|_;vru;-7o=7bv;-v;v0‹-mbl-Ѵˆ;1|ouvՉ‰‰ĺb1-u†vĺlr]ĺ7;őĺ lruoˆ;l;m|vbm|_;-ˆ-bѴ-0bѴb|‹o=7-|--|_b]_vr-|b-Ѵ u;voѴ†Ŋ $_;;ˆ;mlou;u;1;m|Ѵ-†m1_o=|_; lbvvbomŐѴo0-Ѵ 1ov‹v|;l |bomŐbĺ;ĺ]u-bmvbŒ;ƽƐhl2ő-|Ѵ-u];;Š|;m|vŐ1om|bm;m|-Ѵ|o]Ѵo0-Ѵő ‹m-lb1v mˆ;v|b]-|bomő †v;v Ѵb]_| 7;|;1|bom -m7 u-m]bm] Őb !ő _-ˆ;0;;mu;Ѵ-|bˆ;Ѵ‹u;1;m|-m7-u;Ѵbmh;7|o|_;†v; o= u;lo|;Ѵ‹ |o|u-1h1_-m];vbm|u;;1-morb;v-|-]Ѵo0-Ѵv1-Ѵ;-m7bv;Šr;1|;7 v;mv;7ķ vr-1;Ŋ0oum; ;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵķ -mbl-Ѵ -m7 rѴ-m| 7-|-ĺ );ѴѴŊ |oruo7†1;-0o†|ƐƏ0bѴѴbom1Ѵo†7Ŋ=u;;o0v;uˆ-|bomv7†ubm]b|vƑƓŊ hmo‰m;Š-lrѴ;vo=u;7†1bm]|_;v1-Ѵ;v_ou|=-ѴѴbm1Ѵ†7;|bl;Ŋv;ub;v lom|_lbvvbomѴ;m]|_ĺ =ou - l†Ѵ|b|†7; o= ˆ;];|-|bom bm7b1;v =uol  " Ő;ĺ]ĺ †;|; ;| $_;bm1u;-v;bmvr-|b-Ѵu;voѴ†|bomoˆ;uѴ-u];;Š|;m|vbvmo|ѴblŊ -Ѵĺķ ƑƏƏƑőķ |_; " $  bl-];u‹ 1olrѴ;l;m|bm]  "$ķ -m7 b|;7|ovr-1;Ŋ0oum;v;mvouv0†|bvr-u-ѴѴ;Ѵ;70‹-bu0oum;v‹v|;lvĺ ƓՊ

ˆ;m|_o†]_-bu0oum;1-lr-b]mvruoˆb7;7-|-‰b|__b]_;u u;voѴ†Ŋ ƑƏƐѵĸ†mѴb==;ķu-Œb;uķşm7;uvomķƑƏƐѵĸ$-m]ş"_-oķƑƏƐƔĸ$-‹ķ |bomķ |_;‹ |‹rb1-ѴѴ‹ 1oˆ;u vl-ѴѴ;u ];o]u-r_b1-Ѵ ;Š|;m|vĺ bu0oum; u=l;b;uķş-Ѵ‰bfķƑƏƐѶĸ)b1_şo_ķƑƏƐѶőĺu|_or_o|ov1u;-|;7 b !1-lr-b]mv-|m-|bom-Ѵv1-Ѵ;vruoˆb7;7-|-omˆ;];|-|bom-m7 =uoll†Ѵ|brѴ;bl-];v1-m-77b|bom-ѴѴ‹0;†v;7|o7;|;1|ˆ;];|-|bom |;uu-bmv|u†1|†u;o=-rruoŠbl-|;Ѵ‹ƐŠƐlu;voѴ†|bom-m7_-ˆ;0;;m 1olrovb|bom0‹l;-mvo=l-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]Őr-||;umu;1o]mb|bom-ѴŊ =o†m7 |o ;ŠrѴ-bm - 1omvb7;u-0Ѵ; -lo†m| o= |_; Ѵo1-Ѵ ˆ-ub-|bom bm ]oub|_lvő0-v;7om|u-bmbm]7-|-ķ0†|om1;|u-bm;7|_;v;-Ѵ]oub|_lv |_;7bˆ;uvb|‹o=7b==;u;m||-Šomolb1]uo†rvŐ;ĺ]ĺѴ-‰];vķ(b;uѴbm]ķ -u;-0Ѵ;|o]-|_;u1oll†mb|‹1olrovb|bom7-|-oˆ;uѴ-u];vr-|b-Ѵ (b;uѴbm]ķş!o‰;ѴѴķƑƏƏѶĸ$_;uv;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƕĸ,;ѴѴ‰;];u;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѵőĺ ;Š|;m|vŐv;mv†)-v;uķbmŒѴ;uķ†;1_Ѵ;uķ-Ѵ|v-ˆb-vķş†umbķƑƏƐƐőĺ 77b|bom-ѴѴ‹ķ -bu0oum; v‹v|;lv ruoˆb7; blrou|-m| bm=oul-|bom om &r|omo‰ķl-m‹o=|_;v;|;1_mbt†;v-u;Ѵblb|;7|ou;Ѵ-|bˆ;Ѵ‹vl-ѴѴ lb1uo1Ѵbl-|;t†-m|b=b1-|bomŐ,;ѴѴ‰;];uķ u;mm;ķ;mobuķ!o11_bmbķş -u;-vŐ-rruoŠbl-|;Ѵ‹Ɛhl2ő-m7];m;u-ѴѴ‹-rrѴb;7bm;-vbѴ‹-11;vvb0Ѵ; ool;vķƑƏƐѶőĺ&(vՆml-mm;7-;ub-Ѵˆ;_b1Ѵ;vő;t†brr;7‰b|_ķ=ou Ѵ-m7v1-r;vķ‰_;u;&(v1-m0;1omˆ;mb;m|Ѵ‹or;u-|;7ķ-m7rѴ-m|ou ;Š-lrѴ;ķ ˆbv†-Ѵķ l†Ѵ|bvr;1|u-Ѵķ |_;ul-Ѵ ou b ! v;mvouvķ ruoˆb7; -mbl-Ѵvr;1b;v1-m0;1Ѵ;-uѴ‹7bv|bm]†bv_;7ĺ 7-|-‰b|_vr-|b-Ѵu;voѴ†|bomvo=†r|o-=;‰lbѴѴbl;|u;vĺ $‹rb1-ѴѴ‹ķ v;1om77-|-]-rķ|_;)-ѴѴ-1;-mv_ou|=-ѴѴķbvѴbmh;7|o|_;=-1| _b]_;uvr-|b-Ѵu;voѴ†|bom1ol;v-||_;;Šr;mv;o=Ѵo‰;u];o]u-r_bŊ |_-|mo|;ˆ;u‹0bol;bv;t†-ѴѴ‹‰;ѴѴu;ru;v;m|;70‹r†0Ѵb1Ѵ‹-ˆ-bѴŊ 1-Ѵ1oˆ;u-];-vb|];m;u-ѴѴ‹7;r;m7vom=Ѵb]_|_;b]_|ĺo‰;ˆ;uķv†1_ -0Ѵ;vr;1b;v7bv|ub0†|bom7-|-=uolvo†u1;vѴbh; Ő_||rvĹņņ‰‰‰ĺ †Ѵ|u-Ŋ_b]_Ŋu;voѴ†|bom 7-|- 1-r|†u;7 om 7;l-m7 -ѴѴo‰ u;v;-u1_;uv ]0b=ĺou]ķƑƏƐѶőou Ő mt†bv|ķom7b|ķ;;|ķ"1_bѴ7_-†;uķş$_b;uvķ |o bmˆ;v|b]-|; lb1uo1Ѵbl-|b1 7b==;u;m|b-|bom -| |_; v1-Ѵ; o= vbm]Ѵ; ƑƏƐѵőĺ)_bѴ; †uor;-m7ou|_l;ub1--u;u-|_;u‰;ѴѴu;ru;v;m|;7ķ rѴ-m|bm7bˆb7†-Ѵv‰b|_bm-m;m|bu;Ѵ-m7v1-r;Ő b]†u;Ƒĸu†Œ-m;|-Ѵĺķ vol;1o†m|ub;vŐ;ĺ]ĺ!†vvb-ķv;; b]†u;ƒ-őou;m|bu;0bol;vv†1_-v

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e)

&! ƑՊ Š-lrѴ;1olr-ubvom o=u;lo|;Ѵ‹v;mv;7;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ 7-|-7;ubˆ;7=uolv-|;ѴѴb|;-m7&( Ő&ml-mm;7;ub-Ѵ(;_b1Ѵ;őu;lo|; v;mvbm]-|-vb|;ŐѶƏĺƔƏƑƖķƴƑƒĺѵƑƕƓőbm ou|_ -v|;umu;;mѴ-m7Ő-őķbm7b1-|;7 ‰b|_-v|-ubmŐ0ĸ1ouu;vrom7bm]|o|_; bmѴ;|bm-őĺ$_;vb|;_-u0o†uv7u‹-m7‰;| |†m7u-7;ˆ;Ѵor;7omr;ul-=uov|vobѴvŐ1őĺ (f) ˆ;uѴ-r0;|‰;;m)ouѴ7(b;‰Ŋƒv-|;ѴѴb|; bl-];u‹-m7-&(7;ubˆ;7ou|_olov-b1 Ő1-ĺƑƵƑ1lrbŠ;ѴvbŒ;őbvv_o‰mbmŐ7őĺ 1olr-ubvomo=|_;vr-|b-Ѵu;voѴ†|bomo= |_;)ouѴ7(b;‰ŊƒŐ;ő-m7&(0-v;77-|- Ő=őbvbѴѴ†v|u-|;70‹Œoolbm]|o|_;‰_b|; bmѴ;|-u;-bmŐ7őĺm=oul-|bomom|;uu-bm v|u†1|†u;Ő]ő-m7lb1uo1Ѵbl-|b1ˆ-ub-|bom Ő_őbѴѴ†v|u-|;7‰b|_-7b]b|-Ѵv†u=-1; lo7;ѴŐ]ķbmu;Ѵ-|bˆ;_;b]_|7b==;u;m1;ķ 1-ĺƑƵƑ1lrbŠ;ѴvbŒ;ő-m7-|_;ul-Ѵ (g) (h) ou|_olov-b1Ő_ķbm-0voѴ†|;|;lr;u-|†u;ķ 1-ĺƐƔƵƐƔ1lrbŠ;ѴvbŒ;őĺ&(=oo|-]; -m77-|-=uol&"Ɠ 1oѴo]‹-0ķ-u_†v &mbˆ;uvb|‹ĺ$_;ˆ;];|-|bom1Ѵ-vv;vbmŐ-ő -m7Ő0ő-u;0-v;7om-u-lb;|-ѴĺŐƑƏƐѶőĹ 0-uu;mķ7-uh]u;‹ĸ-0u-vbomrѴ-|;-†ķѴb]_|

16 36 ]u;‹ĸ=;m-u;-vķ‹;ѴѴo‰ĸѴb]_||o7-uh]u;;mķ u;ru;v;m|7u‹-m7‰;||†m7u--v‰;ѴѴ-v 8 19 |-ѴѴv_u†0ˆ;];|-|bomŒoѴo†u=b]†u;1-m0; 0 2 ˆb;‰;7-|‰bѴ;‹omѴbm;Ѵb0u-u‹ĺ1olœ ՊƔ

&! ƒՊ -ķ†l0;uo=o0v;uˆ-|bomv (a) =uol|_; 7-|-rou|-Ѵom-u;Ѵ-|bˆ; Ѵo]-ub|_lb1v1-Ѵ;bm †uor;ŐƒƔŋƕƏŦőĺ 0ķ†l0;uo=o0v;uˆ-|bomvbm u-m1; om-u;Ѵ-|bˆ;Ѵo]-ub|_lb1v1-Ѵ;‰b|_|_; o0v;uˆ-|bomvo=Carex bohemica bm7b1-|;7 -v0Ѵ-1h7o|vĺ1ķ1Ѵov;Ŋ†ro=|_;u;]bom 7;=bm;70‹|_;0Ѵ-1hvt†-u;bmŐ0őv_o‰v |_-|lov|o0v;uˆ-|bom-Ѵ7-|--u;u;1ou7;7 om-u;]†Ѵ-u]ub7Ő1-ĺƔhlu;voѴ†|bomőķ bm7b1-|bm]|_-||_;7-|-l-‹v|;l=uol -m-|Ѵ-v|_-|‰o†Ѵ7mo|u;ru;v;m|robm| (b) (c) o0v;uˆ-|bomvŐ ˆ;uvbomƓĺƐķ-11;vv;7 Ɣ|_oˆĺƑƏƐѶőŒoѴo†u=b]†u;1-m0; ˆb;‰;7-|‰bѴ;‹omѴbm;Ѵb0u-u‹ĺ1olœ

|_;7bˆ;uv;|uorb1v-u;†m7;uŊu;ru;v;m|;7Ő;1h;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƑĸ;‹;uķ o‰;ˆ;uķ7;vrb|;|_;v;l-fou-7ˆ-m1;vķ|_;u;bvv|bѴѴ-Ѵom]‰-‹|o );b];Ѵ|ķ);b];Ѵ|ķşu;=|ķƑƏƐѵőĺ†Ѵh1oѴѴ;1|bomvv†1_ -v |_; u;Ŋ ]oķbmr-u|b1†Ѵ-u0;1-†v;7-|-]-|_;ubm]|_-|1om|ub0†|;v|ob] -|- 1;m|Ѵ‹Ѵ-†m1_;7 $ŐѴo0-Ѵmˆ;m|ou‹o= Ѵou-v-m7$u-b|vĸ);b];Ѵ| bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹bmb|v;Ѵ=bvmo|v†==b1b;m||o-1_b;ˆ;-0;||;u†m7;uŊ ;| -Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐƖő u;ru;v;m| blrou|-m| v|;rv |o‰-u7v =bѴѴbm] |_;v; 7-|- v|-m7bm]o=l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵr-||;umv-m7ruo1;vv;vĺ ]-rv0‹-vv;l0Ѵbm]vr;1b;vѴbv|vŐ1_;1hѴbv|vő=ouu;]bomv-1uovv|_; ]Ѵo0;ĺou;oˆ;uķv†1_-]]u;]-|;7bm=oul-|bom-0o†|‰_;u;vr;1b;v o11†ulb]_|_;Ѵr|o-vv;vv0b-v;vbm7-|-v;|v0-v;7omrobm|Ѵo1-Ѵb|‹ ƒՊ |Պ $!,$  bm=oul-|bomŐ;‹;uķ);b];Ѵ|ķ;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѵőĺ $ !$ |_bu7l-fouv_ou|1olbm]bv|_-|l-m‹|-Šomolb1]uo†rv -u; roouѴ‹u;ru;v;m|;7ou;m|bu;Ѵ‹-0v;m|=uol1†uu;m|Ѵ‹-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;7-|- $_; _†]; ;==ou|v |o oˆ;u1ol; v_ou|1olbm]v bm l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ v;|vŐ|_;bmm;-mv_ou|=-ѴѴőĺ$_;l;;|bm]_b]_Ѵb]_|;7|_-|l-1uo;1oѴŊ 7-|-bm|_;r-v|‹;-uv_-ˆ;Ѵ;7|o-m;Šrom;m|b-Ѵbm1u;-v;bm7-|- o]bv|v_-ˆ;‰ouh;7_-u7bmu;1;m|‹;-uv|o-]]u;]-|;7-|-om†m7;uŊ 0;1olbm]-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;=uol7-|-rou|-ѴvŐ b]†u;Ɛőv†1_-v Ő_||rv v-lrѴ;7|-Š-|_-|_-ˆ;0;;m1oѴѴ;1|;70‹vr;1b-ѴbŒ;7|-Šomolbv|v Ĺņņ‰‰‰ĺ]0b=ĺou]ķƑƏƐѶőķ( Ő)bh;Ѵvhbş-‹vķƑƏƐѶőķ$!+ ou=b;Ѵ70boѴo]bv|vĺ$_;=-1||_-||_;v;7-|-1oѴѴ;1|ouv-u;or;mbm] Ő-||];;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƐőķv$Ő ;m]Ѵ;u;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƓőķ Ő mt†bv|;| †r|_;bu-u1_bˆ;v-m7l-h;|_;bu7-|--ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;bv1-|-Ѵ‹vbm];==ou|v -ѴĺķƑƏƐѵő-m7 $Ő);b];Ѵ|;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƖőĺ1u†1b-Ѵt†;v|bombv_o‰ |ooˆ;u1ol;|_;bmm;-mv_ou|=-ѴѴĺ ou;Š-lrѴ;ķ-0bo];o]u-r_b1 |obm|;]u-|;|_bvv|;-7bѴ‹bm1u;-vbm]-lo†m|o=7-|-|oo0|-bml;-mŊ -vv;vvl;m|o=v-ruo|uor_b1-m7;1|ol‹1ouu_bŒ-Ѵ=†m]bŐm7u;‰;| bm]=†Ѵv1b;m|b=b1bm=;u;m1;ĺ -ѴĺķƑƏƐѶő‰-v0-v;7om-b] -|-bm|;]u-|bom;==ou|Őm7u;‰;| क़mb] ;| -Ѵĺ ŐƑƏƐƖő v_o‰;7 |_-| ;Šbv|bm] 7-|- rou|-Ѵv -m7 -ѴĺķƑƏƐƕőķ0oov|bm]7-|--ˆ-bѴ-0bѴb|‹=ouv†1_-m†m7;uŊu;ru;v;m|;7 bm=u-v|u†1|†u;ru;7olbm-m|Ѵ‹=o1†vom|_;7bv-]]u;]-|;7 ;m7 ]uo†r-v=†m]bĺ †u|_;ulou;ķ7-|-bm|;]u-|bom-m7v‹m|_;vbvoml-Ŋ o= |_; 7-|- vr;1|u†l Ő;ĺ]ĺ robm| o11†uu;m1;vķ bm7bˆb7†-Ѵ |u-b| ubm; |-Š- _-ˆ; -ѴѴo‰;7 u;v;-u1_;uv |o ]Ѵo0-ѴѴ‹ v‹m|_;vbŒ; l-ubm; l;-v†u;l;m|vőķ ‰_bѴ; |_; ‰;-Ѵ|_ o= o=|;m _b]_Ѵ‹ 1†u-|;7 bmŊ 7bˆ;uvb|‹Ő$b||;mvou;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƏőķou-vv;vv|_;0bo];o]u-r_‹o=1oŊ =oul-|bombm-]]u;]-|;77-|-ķѴbh;vr;1b;v1_;1hѴbv|vou|-ŠoŊ r;ro7|u-b|vŐu†mķ-‹m;ķşbpu0o;ķƑƏƐѵőĺ+;|ķl-m‹ou]-mbvl molb1 lomo]u-r_vķ o=|;m u;l-bmv v1-||;u;7 -1uovv 7b==;u;m| ]uo†rvu;l-bm†m7;u;ŠrѴou;7-||_;1om|bm;m|-Ѵ|o]Ѵo0-Ѵv1-Ѵ;ķ-m7 rѴ-|=oulvĺm|;]u-|bm]bm=oul-|bomom|_;7bv|ub0†|bomo=vr;Ŋ ;ˆ;m‰;ѴѴŊhmo‰m]uo†rvѴbh;l-ll-Ѵvv_o‰vb]mb=b1-m|7-|-]-rv 1b;v‰b|_=†m1|bom-Ѵ-m7ņour_‹vboѴo]b1-Ѵ7-|-bm-r_‹Ѵo];m;|b1 Őom;v;|-ѴĺķƑƏƏƖĸ;‹;uķ;|Œķ†u-Ѵmb1hķ ub|Œķşu;=|ķƑƏƐѵőĺ 1om|;Š|bvmo|;-v‹ķ0†|h;‹=ou-7ˆ-m1bm]u;v;-u1_-||_;l-1Ŋ mv†ll-u‹ķ‰;_-ˆ;v;;ml-fou-7ˆ-m1;vbm|_;u;1;m|r-v|bm uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ v1-Ѵ; Ő;-uv; ;| -Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐѶőĺ  u;1;m| ;Š-lrѴ; o= -]]u;]-|bm]7-|-=uolˆ-ubo†vvo†u1;v|ooˆ;u1ol;|_;7-|-]-rvĺ |_bvbv|_;bm|;]u-|bomo=rѴ-m||u-b|7-|-=uol$!+‰b|_|_-|o= ѵՊ

|_;rѴ-m|1oll†mb|‹7-|-0-v;vѴo|Őu†;Ѵ_;b7;;|-Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐѶő ƓՊ |Պ& !$$+!$  |o7;|;1|;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ7ubˆ;uvo=1oll†mb|‹|u-b| 1olrovbŊ " $ |bom-||_;1oll†mb|‹Ѵ;ˆ;Ѵĺ$o-1_b;ˆ;|_bvķb|‰-vm;1;vv-u‹|o oˆ;u1ol;|_;1ollomruo0Ѵ;lo=bm|;]u-|bm]7-|-=uoll†Ѵ|bŊ )b|_|_;u-rb7-]]u;]-|bomķbm|;]u-|bom-m7_-ulombŒ-|bomo=7-|-ķ rѴ;vr-|b-Ѵv1-Ѵ;vŐ;ĺ]ĺ7;-Ѵbm]‰b|_ˆ-u‹bm]|-Šomolb;vőĺ)_bѴ; |_;ruoѴb=;u-|bom-m7ruor-]-|bomo=†m1;u|-bm|b;v_-ˆ;0;1ol;-m ˆ;];|-|bomrѴo|v-u;o=|;m-vv;vv;7-|-ˆ;u‹vl-ѴѴvr-|b-Ѵ]u-bm blrou|-m|=o1†vo=l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_ĺm;o=|_;l-fou1_-ѴŊ Նv†-ѴѴ‹0;Ѵo‰Ɛ_-őķ;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵˆ-ub-0Ѵ;v-u;]Ѵo0-ѴѴ‹omѴ‹ Ѵ;m];vbm|_;1olbm]‹;-uv‰bѴѴ0;Ĺ_o‰1-m‰;-77u;vvruo0Ѵ;lv -ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;-|l†1_1o-uv;uu;voѴ†|bomvŐ1-ĺƐhlƑĸ;]ĺ)ouѴ7Ѵblķ u;Ѵ-|;7|o0b-v-m7†m1;u|-bm|b;vbm7-|-ĵ bfl-mvķ-l;uomķ-uu-ķom;vķş-uˆbvķƑƏƏƔĸou  "ķ m |_; u;1;m| r-v|ķ l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ _-v Ѵ;-um;7 =uol -7f-1;m| -u];u;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƕ-ķƑƏƐƕ0őķ‰_b1_u-bv;v|_;bvv†;o=7;|;1|bm] =b;Ѵ7vv†1_-v1Ѵbl-|;v1b;m1;ĺm0o|_=b;Ѵ7vķ;mv;l0Ѵ;v -u;†v;7 |_;u;Ѵ;ˆ-m|;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ7ubˆ;uvo=1oll†mb|‹1olrovb|bom |o;l0u-1;†m1;u|-bm|b;v|_-|-ubv;=uol†vbm]7b==;u;m|lo7;Ѵvŋ ou7‹m-lb1vĺ 7b==;u;m|1Ѵbl-|;lo7;Ѵvbm1Ѵbl-|;v1b;m1;vŐv;;ķ;ĺ]ĺ-Ѵl;uķƑƏƏƏĸ -|- bm|;]u-|bom mo| omѴ‹ u;t†bu;v 7-|- rou|-Ѵv |_-| 1oѴѴ;1| $;0-Ѵ7bşm†||bķƑƏƏƕőķ-m77b==;u;m|vr;1b;v7bv|ub0†|bomlo7;Ѵv -m7 ruoˆb7; bm|;]u-|;7 7-|-ķ 0†| -Ѵvo |_; 7;ˆ;Ѵorl;m| o= bm|;Ŋ Ő" vő-v‰;ѴѴ-vu-m7olv†0v;|vo=bmb|b-Ѵ7bv|ub0†|bom7-|-bml-1Ŋ ]u-|bˆ; l;|_o7oѴo]b;v |o 1or; ‰b|_ _;|;uo];m;o†v 7-|- =uol uo;1oѴo]‹Őv;;ķ;ĺ]ĺu-িfoş;‰ķƑƏƏƕĸ$_†bѴѴ;uķƑƏƏƒőĺ mv;l0Ѵ;v ˆ-ubo†vvo†u1;v-m7o=7b==;u;m|t†-Ѵb|‹ĺ$_;Ѵ-v|7;1-7;_-vv;;m bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹-bl-|-11;vvbm]|_;†m1;u|-bm|b;vv|;llbm]=uol- -mbm1u;-vbm]†v;o=v†1_bm|;]u-|bˆ;l;|_o7vĺ Š-lrѴ;vbm1Ѵ†7; u-m];o=ˆ-ub-0Ѵ;1om7b|bomvv†1_-vbmr†|7-|-ķ|‹r;ķv|u†1|†u;-m7 o11†r-m1‹lo7;Ѵvķ‰_b1_†v;bm=oul-|bom=uolu;r;-|;7 o0v;uŊ 1olrѴ;Šb|‹ o= |_; lo7;Ѵvķ |_;bu r-u-l;|;uvķ ou 1Ѵbl-|; v1;m-ubov ˆ-|bomv -| ;-1_ vb|; |o ;v|bl-|; 7;|;1|-0bѴb|‹ -m7 ‰;u; l-bmѴ‹ Ő oul-mm;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶķƑƏƐƑőĺ!;v;-u1_|_uo†]_o†||_;Ѵ-v|7;1-7; 7;ˆ;Ѵor;7 |o voѴˆ; |_; ruo0Ѵ;lv 1u;-|;7 0‹ blr;u=;1| 7;|;1|Ŋ _-vbm7b1-|;7|_-|lov|†m1;u|-bm|‹bm1ouu;Ѵ-|bˆ;l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ -0bѴb|‹ Ő࣐u‹ķ †bѴѴ;u-Ŋuuob|-ķ -_oŒŊom=ou|ķ †bѴѴ;u-Ŋuuob|-ķ 0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ lo7;Ѵv v|;lv =uol |_; ˆ-ubo†v lo7;ѴѴbm] -Ѵ]oub|_lv ş-_oŒŊom=ou|ķƑƏƐƒőĺѴvoķfobm|vr;1b;v7bv|ub0†|bom lo7;Ѵv |_-|-u;bmˆoѴˆ;7Ő;ĺ]ĺ†bvvomķ$_†bѴѴ;uķv-f†vķ;hķşu;mo†bѴѴ;|ķ Ő" vő -u; bm1u;-vbm]Ѵ‹ †v;7 |o lo7;Ѵ vr;1b;v fobm|Ѵ‹ķ u-|_;u ƑƏƐƏőĺ+;|ķ†m1;u|-bm|‹-Ѵvooub]bm-|;v=uol|_;0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹l;-v†u; |_-m†vbm]7-|-omѴ‹=uolvbm]Ѵ;vr;1b;vķ‰_b1_v_o†Ѵ7 v†rrou| bmˆ;v|b]-|;7 Ő$_†bѴѴ;uķ †࣐]†;mķ !;m-†7ķ -u];uķ ş ,bll;ul-mmķ lo7;Ѵv om vr;1b;v 7bv|ub0†|bomv 0‹ †vbm] bm=oul-|bom =uol 1oŊ ƑƏƐƖőķ-m7l-m‹blrou|-m|†m1;u|-bm|‹vo†u1;vķv†1_-v|_;m†l0;u o11†uu;m1;r-||;umvŐѴ-uhķ;Ѵ=-m7ķ)oo7-ѴѴķş,_†ķƑƏƐƓĸ;ĺ]ĺ o=-m71ouu;Ѵ-|bom0;|‰;;mˆ-ub-0Ѵ;vķ-v‰;ѴѴ-v|_;u;vromv;v_-r; ˆ-vh-bm;mş"obmbm;mķƑƏƐƐĸoѴѴo1h;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƓĸ ,†u;ѴѴ;|-Ѵĺķ 1olrѴ;Šb|‹bm" vķ-u;omѴ‹0;bm];ŠrѴou;7mo‰Őu†m;|-Ѵĺķ|_bv ƑƏƐƖőĺ †u|_;ulou;ķ-mbm1u;-vbm]m†l0;uo=r-1h-];vbm|_;=u;; ˆoѴ†l;őĺ v|-|bv|b1-Ѵ1olr†|bm]vo=|‰-u;!bv7;ˆo|;7|o=-1bѴb|-|;‰ouh=Ѵo‰v mo|_;uvo†u1;o=†m1;u|-bm|‹bvѴbmh;7|o7-|-Ĺ-ѴѴ7-|-v;|v1omŊ -m77-|-v|-m7-u7bŒ-|bomķ-m7|_;v;-u;_;-ˆbѴ‹†v;70‹|_;v1b;mŊ |-bmѴblb|-|bomvo=vol;vou|ĺ)_bѴ;|_;oub]bm-Ѵ7-|-o‰m;uvŐ;1oѴoŊ |b=b11oll†mb|‹Ő;ĺ]ĺTaxonstand, -‹†;Ѵ-ķ;u7-ķѴ0†t†;ut†;ķş ]bv|v|_-|1oѴѴ;1|7-|-bmvb|†őhmo‰|_;bu7-|-‰;ѴѴķl-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v oѴb1_;uƑƏƐƑ , CoordinateCleaner, ,bŒh-ķƑƏƐƖőĺ -11;vvbm]v†1_7-|-|_uo†]_7-|-rou|-Ѵvl-‹mo|0;-‰-u;o=-ѴѴ7-|- $_; l;;|bm] _b]_Ѵb]_|;7 |_-| v|-|bv|b1-Ѵ l;|_o7v ;lrѴo‹;7 ruor;u|b;v-m7u;v†Ѵ|bm]ro|;m|b-Ѵv-m7Ѵblb|-|bomv‰_;m†vbm]|_;v; bm l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ -u; v|;-7bѴ‹ loˆbm] |o‰-u7v lou; bm|;]u-|bˆ; 7-|-ĺ ou;Š-lrѴ;ķb=-l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|‰;u;|o7o‰mѴo-7o11†uu;m1; l;|_o7vĺ ou;Š-lrѴ;ķ$o0Ѵ;u;|-ѴĺՆmr†0Ѵbv_;7őv|-u|;7bm|;Ŋ 7-|-o=Carex bohemica =ou u-m1;=uol |_uo†]_|_; !Ŋ ]u-|bm] |_; |‰o -0oˆ;Ŋl;m|bom;7 l;|_o7oѴo]b;vĹ - 1ol0bm-Ŋ r-1h-];Ő mt†bv|;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѵőķv_;lb]_|0;_-rr‹|o=bm7ƑƓƔ];oŊ |bomo=fobm|lo7;ѴѴbm]o=vr;1b;v‰b|_lo7;Ѵv|_-|-11o†m|=ou u;=;u;m1;7o0v;uˆ-|bomvŐ b]†u;ƒ0őĺ"_;lb]_|0;1om1;um;7-0o†| blr;u=;1|7;|;1|bombm1u;-v;7|_;uo0†v|m;vvo=ru;7b1|bm]o1Ŋ |_;1oou7bm-|;ru;1bvbomķ0†|‰bѴѴ7b-]mov;|_-||_;)"ѶƓ1oou7bŊ 1†uu;m1;vĺ m1Ѵ†7bm] bm|u-Ŋvr;1b=b1 |u-b| ˆ-ub-|bom-m7fobm||u-b| m-|;v-u;]bˆ;m|olou;|_-m=o†u7b]b|v-=|;u|_;7;1bl-Ѵv;r-u-|ou lo7;ѴѴbm] 1-m blruoˆ; |_; ru;7b1|bom o= |u-b|v -Ѵom] ;mˆbuomŊ -m7l-‹1om1Ѵ†7;|_-||_;ru;1bvbomo=|_;1oou7bm-|;vbvˆ;u‹_b]_ l;m|-Ѵ]u-7b;m|v‰_;m;Š|u-roѴ-|bm]o†|vb7;|_;o0v;uˆ;7 ;mŊ ŐƺƐƔlőĸ1;u|-bmѴ‹_b]_;mo†]_|o;Š|u-1|1Ѵbl-|b17-|-=uol " ˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ u-m]; Ő)ু;v|ķ ুmh;lুѴѴ;uķ -ˆ;u]m;ķ oѴѴo1hķ ş |_-|-u;-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;-|-u;voѴ†|bomo=ƒƏ-u1v;1Ő1-ĺ Ɛ hl2ĸ -u];u $_†bѴѴ;uķƑƏƐѶőĺक़0;Ѵķ-buķक़mm;ѴѴķ"1_uक़7;uķ-m7"m࢜ѴѴŐƑƏƐѶő ;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƕ-ķƑƏƐƕ0őĺ)_-|l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v1o†Ѵ7;-vbѴ‹oˆ;uѴoohbv †v;7-1ol0bm-|bomo=;mv;l0Ѵ;" v-m7_‹0ub7=o†u|_Ŋ1oum;u |_-||_;7-|-lb]_|mo|u;ru;v;m|-ru;1bv;robm|o0v;uˆ-|bomĺ$_; lo7;Ѵv0-v;7om7-|-=uolr†0Ѵb17-|-vo†u1;v|ob7;m|b=‹1ub|Ŋ bmvr;1|bomo=|_; 7-|-=ou-ѴѴvr;1b;vbm u-m1;u;ˆ;-Ѵv|_-|bm b1-Ѵ u;vromv; |u-b|v o= 7;-7 ‰oo7 bm_-0b|bm] 0u‹or_‹|;v |o 1ѴbŊ 1;u|-bm-u;-vķlov|o0v;uˆ-|bomv-rr;-u|o0;1oѴѴ;1|;7bm-u;]†Ѵ-u l-|;1_-m];ĺ bm-ѴѴ‹ķo=;|-ѴĺŐƑƏƐѶőo†|Ѵbm;7orrou|†mb|b;v-m7 ]ub7ķv†]];v|bm]|_-||_;o0v;uˆ-|bomv1o†Ѵ7‰;ѴѴ0;=uol-m|Ѵ-vŊ rb|=-ѴѴvbm-rruo-1_;v|_-|1ol0bm;7-|-omѴ-m7Ŋ†v;-m71Ѵbl-|; |‹r;1oѴѴ;1|bomĺ$_bvblrѴb;v|_-||_;1oou7bm-|;v-vvo1b-|;7‰b|_|_; 1_-m];|o=ou;1-v|0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹7‹m-lb1vĺ u;1ou7vbm=-1|7omo|u;ru;v;m|-robm|Ѵo1-|bom0†|u-|_;uu;ru;v;m| mv†lķl-1uo;1oѴo]‹1om|bm†;v|o0;-u-rb7Ѵ‹ruo]u;vvbm]v†0Ŋ -m-u;-‰b|_-=oo|rubm|o=1-ĺƔƵƔhlĺ$_;l;|-7-|--vruoˆb7;70‹ 7bv1brѴbm;o=;1oѴo]‹ķ0o|_bm]-|_;ubm]-m7ruoˆb7bm]bm|;]u-|;77-|- |_; !Ŋr-1h-];ķ_o‰;ˆ;uķ7omo|]bˆ;-m‹bm7b1-|bom-0o†||_; -m7bm7;ˆ;Ѵorbm]m;‰l;|_o7oѴo]b;v|obm|;]u-|;_;|;uo];m;o†v |‹r;o=o0v;uˆ-|bomŐ-ѴѴ7-|--11;vv;7|_uo†]_|_; !Ŋr-1h-]; 7-|-=uolˆ-ubo†vvo†u1;vĺ bmoˆ;l0;uƑƏƐѶķ ˆ;uvbomƓĺƐĸ mt†bv|;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѵőĺ Պƕ

m 1om1Ѵ†vbomķ bm=;u;m1; bm l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ v_o†Ѵ7 0; 0-v;7 om -0u-Ѵş"1_†uuķƑƏƐƏĸ,†u;ѴѴ;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѵőķl;|-1oll†mb|‹7‹m-lb1v -m-rruorub-|;1omvb7;u-|bomo=0b-v;v-m7†m1;u|-bm|b;vv|;llbm] ˆb-bm1Ѵ†vbomo=u;vo†u1;1olr;|b|bom-m7o|_;u0bo|b1bm|;u-1|bomv =uol_;|;uo];m;o†vbmr†|7-|-v;|vĺ7;-ѴѴ‹ķ0;v|ru-1|b1;v|-m7-u7v Ő†Ѵb-mo"-ul;m|o-0u-Ѵşu;=|ķƑƏƐƑĸুmh;lুѴѴ;u;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƑőķ v_o†Ѵ70;7;ˆ;Ѵor;7-m71omv|-m|Ѵ‹u;=bm;7Őu-িfo;| -Ѵĺķ ƑƏƐƖőĺ l-1uo;ˆoѴ†|bom-u‹ruo1;vv;vŐ]†bѴ࣐;ķ-v1†;Ѵķ-l0;u|ķş ;uub;u;ķ )b|_-mbm1u;-vbm]_;|;uo];m;b|‹bm7-|-ķl-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵbm=;u;m1; ƑƏƐѶĸ-0u-Ѵķ)b;]-m7ķşu;=|ķƑƏƐƖĸॗhvş࢜u|;ѴķƑƏƐѶĸ!-m];Ѵ;| 1-momѴ‹0;uo0†v|b=‰;1omvb7;u0b-v-m7†m1;u|-bm|b;vbm|_;7-|- -ѴĺķƑƏƐѶő-m7rѴ-|;|;1|omb1vŐ ;v1ol0;v;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶĸ;rub;†u;|-Ѵĺķ -v‰;ѴѴĺ$_bvu;t†bu;vmo|omѴ‹|_-|u;v;-u1_;uv1olrѴ‹‰b|_l;|-Ŋ ƑƏƐѵőĺ$_;1†uu;m||u;m7bml;1_-mbv|b1l-1uo;1oѴo]‹bv|obm1Ѵ†7; 7-|-v|-m7-u7v-||_;7-|-]-|_;ubm]v|-];Őv†1_-v|_; -u‰bmou;ķ |_; l-mb=oѴ7 ruo1;vv;v bm|o -m bm|;]u-|bˆ; lo7;ѴѴbm] =u-l;‰ouh -u‰bm ou; $-vh uo†rķ ƑƏƏƖőķ 0†| |o -Ѵvo 7;Ѵbˆ;u v|-m7-u7bŒ;7 Ő-0u-Ѵķ(-Ѵ;m|;ķş-u|b]ķƑƏƐƕĸ;b7bm];uş-0u-ѴķƑƏƐƕĸ;|_ouv|ķ l;|-7-|-|o|_;;m7Ŋ†v;uvo=7-|-rou|-Ѵvĺ|-Ѵvou;t†bu;v|_-|7-|- क़_mbm]Ŋ-;v;ķ_-Ѵbtķşo=ķƑƏƐƕĸom|-ur;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶĸ$_†bѴѴ;u †v;uvruor;uѴ‹1omvb7;u‰_b1_7-|--u;-rruorub-|;=ou|_;buvr;1b=b1 ;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƒĸ&u0-m;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѵőĺm7;;7ķ-7bv1†vvbom]uo†r-||_; u;v;-u1_t†;v|bomĺ l;;|bm]=o1†vbm]oml;1_-mbv|b1vbl†Ѵ-|bomlo7;Ѵv-||u-1|;7l-m‹ r-u|b1br-m|vbm|;]u-|bm]ˆ-ubo†vruo1;vv;vbm|_;bulo7;Ѵv-m7_b]_Ŋ Ѵb]_|;7v;ˆ;u-Ѵlo|bˆ-|bomvbm]obm]l;1_-mbv|b1ķ=ou;Š-lrѴ;ķ0;|Ŋ ƔՊ |Պ$  *$" !$  |;u|_;ou;|b1-Ѵ;ŠrѴou-|bomvķ];m;u-ѴbŒ-|bomo=1om1;r|v-m7v‹v|;l ! "" " †m7;uv|-m7bm]ĸ†m=;-vb0bѴb|‹o=7obm]vblbѴ-u;Šr;ubl;m|v-|l-1uoŊ ;1oѴo]b1-Ѵv1-Ѵ;vĸruoˆb7bm]=;;70-1h|o;lrbub1bv|vom_‹ro|_;vbŒ;7 bmhbm]ruo1;vv|or-||;umv_-v0;;m-mmo†m1;7-vom;o=|_;l-fou r-||;umvŐbĺ;ĺlo7;Ѵv-v_‹ro|_;vbv];m;u-|ouőķ7;ˆ;Ѵorbm]lou;bmŊ 1_-ѴѴ;m];vbml-1uo;1oѴo]‹Ő;1h;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƑőĺ$u-7b|bom-ѴѴ‹ķ l-1Ŋ =oul-|bˆ;l;|ub1v-m77-|-u;t†bu;l;m|vĸruor;uѴ‹Ѵbmhbm]ruo1;vv uo;1oѴo]‹_-v=o1†v;7omb7;m|b=‹bm]r-||;umv-m7_-vbm=;uu;7|_; |o7-|-ņb] -|--m7|_†v7-|-Ŋ1omv|u-bm;7ruo1;vvbm=;u;m1;ĺ$_; ruo1;vv;v|_-|l-‹_-ˆ;];m;u-|;7|_;o0v;uˆ;7r-||;umvŐ1bѴѴķ _b]_ m†l0;u o= r-u|b1br-m|v bm |_; 7bv1†vvbom ]uo†r 1om1;umbm] ƑƏƐƖőĺ-†v-Ѵbm=;u;m1;-m7ruof;1|bomo=|_;bm=;uu;7u;Ѵ-|bomv_brv l;1_-mbv|b1lo7;Ѵv‰-v†mru;1;7;m|;7bm;-uѴb;ul;;|bm]vĺ;m1;ķ |omoˆ;Ѵ1om7b|bomvķ_o‰;ˆ;uķbvo=|;m_-lr;u;70‹|_;=-1||_-| |_;|u;m7|o‰-u7vl;1_-mbv|b1l-1uo;1oѴo]‹‰bѴѴѴbh;Ѵ‹1om|bm†;-v lov|l;|_o7oѴo]b;v-u;1ouu;Ѵ-|bom-ѴŐ;ĺ]ĺuo‰mķƐƖƖƖĸ oul-mmķ l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v-m70bo];o]u-r_;uvbm1u;-v;|_;bubm|;u;v|-m7;=Ŋ ƑƏƏƕőĺ o‰ 1-m b] -|- -rruo-1_;v 1om|ub0†|; |o |_; om]obm] =ou|vbmu;ru;v;m|bm];ŠrѴb1b|Ѵ‹;1oŊ;ˆoѴ†|bom-u‹-m7;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ t†;v|=oub7;m|b=‹bm]ruo1;vv;vu-|_;u|_-momѴ‹7o1†l;m|bm]r-|Ŋ l;1_-mbvlvbmvbl†Ѵ-|bomlo7;Ѵv‰_bѴ;b] -|-0;1ol;vlou;-m7 |;umvbml-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĵ lou;bm=oul-|bˆ;om1omv|u-bmbm]|_;v;l;1_-mbvlvĺ ";ˆ;u-Ѵ -rruo-1_;v -u; †v;7 -m7 ‰;u; 7bv1†vv;7 7†ubm] |_; mo|_;uruolbvbm]-ˆ;m†;|ov|†7‹l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵruo1;vv;v l;;|bm]|ooˆ;u1ol;ruo0Ѵ;lvbmbm=;uubm]ruo1;vv;v=uol|_;r-|Ŋ bv|o|-rbm|omoˆ;Ѵbm=oul-|bom0‹;Š|u-1|bm]7-|-=uolvo†u1;v|_-| |;umķ‰b|_ˆ-u‹bm]v†11;vvĺ=buv|-rruo-1_bvvol;|bl;v |;ul;7 _-ˆ;0;;m†m7;u;ŠrѴou;7bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺbmh;u|;|-Ѵ Նmr†0Ѵĺő ;Šr;ubl;m|-Ѵl-1uo;1oѴo]‹ŐѴ;Š-m7;uķ b;Œķ-u|ķş;ˆbm;ķƑƏƐѵő ru;v;m|;7 - v|†7‹ om vr;1b;v bm|;u-1|bomv =uol bl-];v o0|-bm;7 -m7v†]];v|v|_-|l-1uo;1oѴo]‹loˆ;v=ou‰-u70‹;Šr;ubl;m|-ѴѴ‹ =uol Ťrb1|†u;v;-u1_;vķ0‹7;|;1|bm]‰b|_bm |_;bl-];v |;v|bm] -vv†lr|bomv -m7 bm=;uubm] 1-†v-Ѵ u;Ѵ-|bomv_brvĺ $u-mvrѴ-m| ‰_;|_;u|_;ruo0ov1bvo=-0†||;u=Ѵ‹‰-vbm1om|-1|‰b|_-ro|;m|b-Ѵ ;Šr;ubl;m|v o= ;m|bu; 1oll†mb|b;v |o lblb1 ;Šr;1|;7 1Ѵbl-|b1 =oo7rѴ-m|oumo|ĺ†|ol-|bŒ-|bomo=v†1_bl-];ruo1;vvbm]1-m0; 1_-m];v-u;om;;Š-lrѴ;o=v†1_-m;Šr;ubl;m|ŐѴ;Š-m7;uķ b;Œķş -1_b;ˆ;7†vbm]r-||;umu;1o]mb|bom-Ѵ]oub|_lv=uolbl-];-m-Ѵ‹vbv ;ˆbm;ķƑƏƐƔőĺ$_;1_-ѴѴ;m];_;u;bv|_;l-vvbˆ;7b==;u;m1;bmv1-Ѵ; Ő;ĺ]ĺ);bmv|;bmķƑƏƐƔő-m7lb]_|l-h;|_;7;|;1|bom o= 0bo|b1 bmŊ -| ‰_b1_ ;Šr;ubl;m|v -u; 1om7†1|;7 Նv†-ѴѴ‹ Ѵo1-Ѵő -m7 -| ‰_b1_ |;u-1|bomv=uolѴ-u];rb1|†u;v;-u1_;v|_uo†]_‰;0v;-u1_;m]bm;v l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵruo1;vv;vor;u-|;Őu;]bom-Ѵ|o]Ѵo0-Ѵķ†uub;ķƑƏƐƖőĺ rovvb0Ѵ;ĺѴ|_o†]_|_bvbv-ruolbvbm]-rruo-1_ķb|lb]_| ;-vbѴ‹ 0; Šr;ubl;m|v-Ѵom;-u;†mѴbh;Ѵ‹|o0;-0Ѵ;|o0ub7];|_bvv1-Ѵ;]-rķ0†| 0b-v;7|o‰-u7vˆ;u‹=;‰;mb]l-|b1ou-||u-1|bˆ;|-Š-ķv†1_-v0†|Ŋ |_bvlb]_|0;-1_b;ˆ;70‹1ol0bmbm];Šr;ubl;m|-Ѵ-m7o0v;uˆ-|bom-Ѵ |;u=Ѵb;vomrѴ-m|v‰b|_-||u-1|bˆ;=Ѵo‰;uvĺm-rruo-1_‰b|_o†|v†1_ 7-|-ķ=ou;Š-lrѴ;ķbm-mrruoŠbl-|;-‹;vb-molr†|-|bom=u-l;Ŋ -v|uom]o0v;uˆ;u0b-vbv|_;7;|;1|bomo=vr;1b;v†vbm] Ť ‰ouhŐ;-uv;;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶőĺ v|u;;|ˆb;‰7-|-Ő!o†vv;Ѵ;|;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƒķ-Ѵ|_o†]_|_bv-rruo-1_l-‹ mo|_;u -rruo-1_ |o ;v|-0Ѵbv_ 1-†v-Ѵb|‹ bv |o ;ŠrѴb1b|Ѵ‹ lo7;Ѵ Ѵ;-7|o-vr-|b-Ѵ-m7†u0-m0b-vbmv|;-7őĺ bm-ѴѴ‹ķv†1_7-|-lbmbm]-rŊ ruo1;vv;v -m7 1olr-u; |_; ;l;u]bm] u;v†Ѵ|v ‰b|_ o0v;uˆ;7 r-|Ŋ ruo-1_;vlb]_|l-h;b|rovvb0Ѵ;|o|u-1h|_;ruo1;vvo=bmˆ-vbˆ;vr;Ŋ |;umvĺ$_;1-ѴѴ=ouruo1;vvŊ0-v;7lo7;Ѵvbml-1uo;1oѴo]‹bvmo|m;‰ 1b;vvru;-7bm]-Ѵom]l-fou|u-==b1uo†|;vŐo0bv;|-Ѵĺ†mr†0Ѵbv_;7őĺ Ő;ĺ]ĺuo‰mķƐƖƖƖőķ-m7|_;1om|bm†bm]7blbm†|bomo=1olr†|-|bom-Ѵ $-h;m |o];|_;uķ l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ bv f†v| v|-u|bm] |o bmˆ;v|b]-|; Ѵblb|-|bomv _-v l-7; b| rovvb0Ѵ; |o bm1Ѵ†7; ˆ-ubo†v ruo1;vv;v bm|o ruo1;vv;vu-|_;u|_-mvblrѴ‹7o1†l;m|bm]r-||;umvĺ Šr;ubl;m|-Ѵ l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ -m-Ѵ‹v;vĺ $_;v; ruo1;vv;v bm1Ѵ†7;ķ =ou ;Š-lrѴ;ķ l-1uo;1oѴo]‹bvv|bѴѴ|_;lov|1_-ѴѴ;m]bm]o=|_;|_u;;-rruo-1_;v r_‹vboѴo]‹Ŋu;Ѵ-|;7 l;1_-mbvlv Ő;-um;‹ ş ou|;uķ ƑƏƏƓőķ lb1uoŊ 7;v1ub0;7-0oˆ;ķl-bmѴ‹7†;|o|_;;Š|u;l;Ѵ‹Ѵ-u];vr-|b-Ѵ;Š|;m|v ;ˆoѴ†|bom-u‹7‹m-lb1vo=ror†Ѵ-|bomvˆb-;ŠrѴb1b|vbl†Ѵ-|bomo=|_; †v†-ѴѴ‹bmˆ;v|b]-|;7bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺo7;ѴѴbm]ruo1;vv;v-m71olŊ ];m;|b1-u1_b|;1|†u;o=r_;mo|‹r;vŐ"1_b==;uv;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƓőķl;|-rorŊ r-ubm]|_;l‰b|_o0v;uˆ-|bomvbv1;u|-bmѴ‹0;1olbm]lou;ror†Ѵ-uķ †Ѵ-|bom7‹m-lb1vˆb-;ŠrѴb1b|vbl†Ѵ-|bomo=7bvr;uv-Ѵ-m7Ѵo1-Ѵ7;lo]Ŋ -v1olr†|bm]ro‰;ubm1u;-v;vĺb|;u-ѴѴ‹o0v;uˆbm]ruo1;vv;vbmѴ-u]; u-r_‹-1uovv1_-m]bm];mˆbuoml;m|bm7bv|ub0†|bomlo7;ѴvŐ†Ѵb-mo" 7-|-0-v;vķ-vv_o‰mbm|_;;Š-lrѴ;o=roѴѴbm-|bombmbl-];v-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ; ѶՊ om |_; ‰;0ķ u;ru;v;m|v - =uom|b;u ‰_ov; ro|;m|b-Ѵ -rrѴb1-|bom |o 1oou7bm-|;vŐ;ĺ]ĺ b]†u;ƒőĺo‰;ˆ;uķ;ˆ;mlou;blrou|-m|bv-|_ouŊ l-1uo;1oѴo]‹bv1†uu;m|Ѵ‹_-u7|o=ou;v;;ĺ o†]_7o1†l;m|-|bomo=7-|-Ĺl;|-7-|-l†v|mo|omѴ‹0;1-u;=†ѴѴ‹ ;v|-0Ѵbv_;70‹|_;7-|-o‰m;uvķ0†|-Ѵvo0;|u-mv=;uu;7|o7-|-rouŊ |-Ѵvķ-m7mo|0;b]mou;70‹|_;†v;uo=|_;rou|-Ѵvĺ ѵՊ |Պ$  &$&!   $ Ѵ-mmbm] -m7 v;||bm] †r m;‰ l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ u;v;-u1_ v_o†Ѵ7 ! + mo|omѴ‹1omvb7;u|_;ruo0Ѵ;lv|_-|-ubv;=uol|_; bm|;]u-|bom o= _;|;uo];m;o†v7-|-vo†u1;vķ|_;l;-mvo=-m-Ѵ‹vbm]|_;lķ-m7|_; $_;l;;|bm]v_o‰;7|_-|b] -|-|ooѴv-m7l-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]-rŊ †m7;uѴ‹bm]v1b;m|b=b1_‹ro|_;v;vĺmv|;-7ķ-1-u;=†ѴѴ‹rѴ-mm;7l-1Ŋ ruo-1_;v_-ˆ;-Ѵu;-7‹7;lomv|u-|;7|_;ro|;m|b-Ѵ|o-7ˆ-m1;|_; uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵv|†7‹v_o†Ѵ7-Ѵvo-11o†m|=ou|_;1olr†|-|bom-Ѵ1_-ѴŊ =b;Ѵ7o=l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺo‰;ˆ;uķbmou7;u|o†|bѴbŒ;|_; =†ѴѴ ro|;mŊ Ѵ;m];v|_-|b|bv=-1bm]ĺ)_bѴ;7-|-l-m-];l;m|rѴ-mv_-ˆ;0;1ol; |b-Ѵo=b] -|--rruo-1_;vķ|_;l-1uo;1oѴo]‹1oll†mb|‹m;;7v|o -u;t†bu;l;m|=uolv;ˆ;u-Ѵ=†m7bm]-];m1b;v=ouv†0lb||;7u;v;-u1_ l-h;-1oou7bm-|;7;==ou||o-77u;vv|_;l-fou1_-ѴѴ;m];vo†|Ѵbm;7 ruorov-Ѵvķ rѴ-mmbm] 1olr†|-|bom-Ѵ 7;l-m7v -u; †v†-ѴѴ‹ mo| u;Ŋ 0;Ѵo‰ĺ);_-ˆ;_b]_Ѵb]_|;7;Š-lrѴ;v‰_;u;b] -|-_-ˆ;-Ѵu;-7‹ t†bu;7ķ;ˆ;m|_o†]_|_;Ѵ-1ho=1omvb7;ubm]1olr†|-|bom-Ѵ7;l-m7v 1om|ub0†|;7|o-77u;vvbm]vol;o=|_;‰;ѴѴŊhmo‰m1_-ѴѴ;m];v|_-| 1o†Ѵ7Ѵ;-7|o=-bѴ†u;o=|_;ruorov;7u;v;-u1_ĺ l-1uo;1oѴo]‹bv=-1bm]Ő;1h;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐƑĸ†Ѵb-mo"-ul;m|o-0u-Ѵ;| -ѴĺķƑƏƐƕĸ;-uv;;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶőĺ)b|_ou‰b|_o†||_;_;Ѵro=b] -|-ķ ѵĺƑՊ |Պrrou|†mb|b;v |_;v;1_-ѴѴ;m];vu;l-bmĺ b] -|-_-ˆ;-Ѵu;-7‹ruoˆ;m|_;buˆ-Ѵ†;=oul-1uo;1oѴo]‹0‹=-Ŋ 1bѴb|-|bm]bm1u;-vbm]Ѵ‹1olrѴ;Š-m7bm|;]u-|bˆ;-m-Ѵ‹v;vĺ);v†]];v| ѵĺƐՊ |Պ_-ѴѴ;m];v |_-| l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v †v; |_;bu 1u;-|bˆb|‹ |o ;ŠrѴou; m;‰ ‰-‹v |o m;o=|_;=†|†u;1_-ѴѴ;m];vbv1;u|-bmѴ‹_o‰|obm|;]u-|;|_;l-vŊ 1oѴѴ;1|-m7bm|;]u-|;7-|-ĺѴooho†|vb7;l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ķv†1_-v-| vbˆ;-lo†m|vo=7-|-|_-|-u;-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;bm|_;;1oѴo]b1-ѴѴb|;u-|†u;ķ 1Ѵbl-|oѴo]‹ķbl-];-m-Ѵ‹vbvoul-1uo;ˆoѴ†|bomķl-‹_;Ѵrbm|-1hѴbm] bm1Ѵ†7bm]7-|-|_-|-u;]-|_;u;7=ou-vr;1b=b1v|†7‹0†|_-ˆ;m;ˆ;u vol;o=|_;1_-ѴѴ;m];vĺo7;um-Ѵ]oub|_lv|_-|;Š|u-1|7-|-=uol 0;;mbm|;]u-|;7‰b|_-m‹o=|_;1ollom7-|-rou|-Ѵvĺ);_-ˆ;o†|Ŋ _†]; omѴbm; 7-|-0-v;vķ v†1_ -v vo1b-Ѵ l;7b- ou 1oll;u1b-Ѵ bm|;uŊ Ѵbm;7-0oˆ;_o‰7;vb]m-|;7‰;0v;-u1_-Ѵ]oub|_lvķbm1ol0bm-|bom m;|rѴ-|=oulvķ-u;-Ѵu;-7‹bm|;]u-|bm]7-|-o=ˆ-ubo†v vo†u1;v bm - ‰b|_r-||;umu;1o]mb|boml;|_o7vķ1o†Ѵ70;†v;7|o]-|_;u7-|-om _†l-mŊu;-7-0Ѵ;‰-‹‰b|_o†|l†1_bmr†|=uol_†l-mvŐ-l0-|Ѵ-;| l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵr-||;umvĺbˆ;m|_;ˆ-v|-lo†m|o=7-|--ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ; -ѴĺķƑƏƐƓőĺo‰;ˆ;uķ-Ѵ]oub|_lv];m;u-ѴѴ‹v†0v†l;7†m7;u|_;|;ul |o7-‹ķ|_;1_-ѴѴ;m];bv_o‰‰;1-ml-h;†v;o=|_;v; 7-|- bm -m ľ7;;rѴ;-umbm]ĿŐ7;;rbm|_;v;mv;|_-||_;v;-Ѵ]oub|_lv†v;l-m‹ ;==b1b;m|‰-‹|o-mv‰;ul-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵt†;v|bomvĺ mo|_;u 1_-ѴŊ lou;_b77;mѴ-‹;uvbm|_;bum;|‰ouhv|_-m|_;|u-7b|bom-Ѵm;†u-Ѵm;|Ŋ Ѵ;m];bv-vvo1b-|;7‰b|_0†Ѵh1oѴѴ;1|bomvv†1_-v $ķ‰_b1_ruoˆb7; ‰ouhv‰b|_om;|o|_u;;_b77;mѴ-‹;uvő_-ˆ;_-u7Ѵ‹0;;m†v;70‹|_; -11;vv|o=Ѵoubv|b17-|-|_-|-u;†v†-ѴѴ‹0-v;7ombmˆ;m|oub;v-||_; l-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ1oll†mb|‹†r|omo‰ķ7;vrb|;|_;buѴ-u];ro|;m|b-Ѵ Ѵ;ˆ;Ѵo=-7lbmbv|u-|bˆ;†mb|vķ-m7‰_b1_=-1;|_;1_-ѴѴ;m]bm]ruo0Ѵ;l |ovoѴˆ;vol;o=|_;blrou|-m|7-|-]-|_;ubm]-m7bm|;]u-|bom1_-ѴŊ o=bm|;]u-|bm]0boѴo]b1-Ѵ‰b|_;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ7-|-ĺu;-v=ou‰_b1_ Ѵ;m];v|_-|l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v‰bѴѴ=-1;bm|_;‹;-uv|o 1ol;ĺ  7bvŊ |_;0boѴo]b1-Ѵ7-|--u;-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;Նv†-ѴѴ‹roѴb|b1-Ѵ;m|b|b;vő-u;o=|;m 1†vvbom]uo†r-||_;l;;|bm]‰b|_7-|-v1b;m|bv|v=uol|_;b] -|- ;mˆbuoml;m|-ѴѴ‹_;|;uo];m;o†vķ-m7];m;u-|bm]|_;u;Ѵ;ˆ-m|;mˆbŊ 1oll†mb|‹ _-v v_o‰m |_-| l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v -u; ‰;ѴѴ ru;r-u;7 |o uoml;m|-Ѵr-u-l;|;uv-||_bvv1-Ѵ;bv-l-fou_†u7Ѵ;|_-|m;;7v|o 1or;‰b|_|_;l;|_o7oѴo]b1-Ѵ1_-ѴѴ;m];vo=v†1_-Ѵ]oub|_lvĹl-m‹ 0;oˆ;u1ol;Őv;;;bѴķ;Ѵl-h;uķ)bѴvomķ&mb||ķş;|ŒķƑƏƐƒ=ou-m l-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]|;1_mbt†;vķv†1_-v7bl;mvbomu;7†1|bomķ1Ѵ†v|;uŊ ;Š-lrѴ;őĺ †u|_;ulou;ķ;==ou|v|o‰-u7v7-|-bm|;]u-|bomv_o†Ѵ70; bm]ou1Ѵ-vvb=b1-|bom|om-l;f†v|-=;‰ķ-u;-Ѵu;-7‹uo†|bm;Ѵ‹-rrѴb;7 1omˆ;u|;7 bm|o - l;1_-mbv|b1 †m7;uv|-m7bm] o= †m7;uѴ‹bm] 1-†v-Ѵ bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺ u;Ѵ-|bomv_brvķ‰_;u;‰;v;;|_;†v;o=b] -|-|o1omv|u-bmr-u-lŊ );-u;1omˆbm1;7|_-|o†u1oll†mb|‹v_o†Ѵ7Ő-m7‰bѴѴő †v; ;|;uvo=l;1_-mbv|b1lo7;Ѵv-v-ruolbvbm]u;v;-u1_-ˆ;m†;ĺ |_;m;‰;v|7-|-Ŋ7ubˆ;ml;|_o7vķ1olr†|-|bom-Ѵ|ooѴv-m7|;1_Ŋ bˆ;m |_; 1_-ѴѴ;m];v o= ;uuou ruor-]-|bom -m7 †m1;u|-bm|b;v moѴo]b;v-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;|o|-1hѴ;v1b;m|b=b1t†;v|bomvĺ ;;rѴ;-umbm]ķ- bm7-|-ķ‰;=ou;v;;|_;m;;7=ou7;=bmbm]v|-m7-u7vbm|_;1olbm] v†0=b;Ѵ7o=l-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]ķ_-vѴ-|;Ѵ‹;l;u];7-v-ˆ;u‹ro‰Ŋ ‹;-uvĺ v|-0Ѵbv_bm] - 1ollom v;| o= ;vv;m|b-Ѵ ˆ-ub-0Ѵ;v ŐbvvѴbm] ;u=†Ѵ|ooѴ=ou7-|--m-Ѵ‹vbv|_-|‰ouhv0;v|‰_;mѴ-u];-lo†m|v ;|-ѴĺķƑƏƐѶőķv|-m7-u7v=ou0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹-vv;vvl;m|vŐu-িfo;|-Ѵĺķ o=7-|-ķv†1_-vbl-];ķ|;Š|ou-†7boķ-u;-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ;ĺ ;;rѴ;-umbm] ƑƏƐƖő-m7-1ollom]Ѵovv-u‹o=|;ulv|o=-1bѴb|-|;7-|-;Š1_-m]; |;1_mbt†;vv†1_-v1omˆoѴ†|bom-Ѵm;†u-Ѵm;|‰ouhvŐvőouѴom] Ő|_; -u‰bmou;v|-m7-u7ķ_||rvĹņņ7‰1ĺ|7‰]ĺou]ņő-u;v|;rvbm|_; v_ou|Ŋ|;ull;lou‹m;|‰ouhvŐ"$vő1-m0;;Š|u;l;Ѵ‹-11†u-|; ub]_|7bu;1|bomĺ$_;‹l-‹ķ_o‰;ˆ;uķ_-u7Ѵ‹0;-1_b;ˆ-0Ѵ;-1uovv|_; bm1Ѵ-vvb=b1-|bomouru;7b1|bom|-vhvĺo‰;ˆ;uķ|_;‹-u;ruom;|o ‰b7;u-m];o=-rrѴb1-|bomv-m77-|-bml-1uo;1oѴo]b1-Ѵu;v;-u1_ķ-v oˆ;u=b||bm]-m7-u;lou;7b==b1†Ѵ||obm|;uru;||_-mv|-m7-u7v|-Ŋ 7-|--u;†v†-ѴѴ‹1oѴѴ;1|;7‰b|_ˆ;u‹vr;1b=b1o0f;1|bˆ;vu-|_;u|_-m |bv|b1-Ѵ-m7l-1_bm;Ѵ;-umbm]|;1_mbt†;vv†1_-vѴbm;-uu;]u;vvbom |_;bm|;m|bom|or†0Ѵbv_|_;lbm-7-|-rou|-Ѵĺm;1_-ѴѴ;m];bv|o ou7;1bvbom|u;;vķl-hbm]|_;llou;7b==b1†Ѵ||o†v;bm1ub|b1-Ѵ =bm7-rruorub-|;-Ѵ]oub|_lv-m7|u-mv=;u=†m1|bomv|_-|-11o†m|=ou -rrѴb1-|bomv ‰_;m |u-mvr-u;m1‹ bv u;t†bu;7 Ő;1†mķ ;m]boķ ş |_;vr;1b=b1Ѵblb|-|bomvo=7-|-v†1_-vbm-11†u-1b;vbm];o]u-r_b1 bm|omķƑƏƐƔőĺ ՊƖ

bm-ѴѴ‹ķ|_;7bv1†vvbom]uo†r-Ѵvov_o‰;7|_-|l-1uo;1oѴo]bv|v Ѵ;Š-m7;uķ ĺ ĺķ b;Œķ ĺ ĺķ -u|ķ "ĺ ĺķ ş ;ˆbm;ķ ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐѵőĺ v_o†Ѵ7mo|0;v_‹|o1om|-1|7-|-v1b;m|bv|v|ofobm|Ѵ‹=oul†Ѵ-|;|_; )_;m Ѵbl-|; !;v_†==Ѵ;v olr;|b|ouvĹ  -ѴѴ =ou Šr;ubl;m|-Ѵ -1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺTrends in Ecology & Evolution ķ31ŐƐƐőķѶƒƐŋѶƓƐĺ_||rvĹņņ m;;7vo=|_;1oll†mb|‹ķ-m7;b|_;ub7;m|b=‹-ˆ-bѴ-0Ѵ; l;|_o7v ou 7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ|u;;ĺƑƏƐѵĺƏѶĺƏƏƒ 7;ˆ;Ѵorm;‰|;1_mbt†;v|_-|1-mvoѴˆ;|_;ruo0Ѵ;l-|_-m7ĺ$_;u; Ѵ;Š-m7;uķĺĺķ b;Œķĺĺķş;ˆbm;ķĺĺŐƑƏƐƔőĺoˆ;Ѵ1olr;|b|ouv bv-v|uom]ro|;m|b-Ѵ=oubm|;u7bv1brѴbm-u‹1oѴѴ-0ou-|bom0;|‰;;ml-1Ŋ v_-r;vr;1b;vĽu;vromv;v|o1Ѵbl-|;1_-m];ĺNature ķ525ŐƕƔƕƏőķƔƐƔŋ uo;1oѴo]bv|v-m77-|-v1b;m|bv|vķ-m77-|-v1b;m|bv|v1-m_;Ѵr‰_;m ƔƐѶĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņm-|†u;ƐƓƖƔƑ m7u;‰ķ ĺķ -Ѵˆouv;mķ !ĺķ ;;]--u7ķ ĺķ †‹r;uķ $ĺ )ĺķ ;bѴl-mmŊ v|-m7-u7 |;1_mbt†;v 1-mmo| 0; -rrѴb;7 o==Ŋ|_;Ŋv_;Ѵ= |o vr;1b=b1 Ѵ-†v;mķĺķubv-bŊu;bѴ_†0;uķĺķĻ-†v;u†7ķĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺom|bm;m|-ѴŊ ruo0Ѵ;lv;m1o†m|;u;7bml-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺ v1-Ѵ;l-1uo=†m]-Ѵ-vv;l0Ѵ-];r-||;umv1ouu;Ѵ-|;‰b|_1Ѵbl-|;ķvobѴ 1-u0om-m7mb|uo];m7;rovb|bomĺJournal of Biogeography ķ45 ŐѶőķƐƖƓƑŋ ƐƖƔƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņf0bĺƐƒƒƕƓ )   $" m7u;‰ķĺķ;;]--u7ķ ĺķbuhķĺĺķ࢜vvѴ;uķĺķ;bѴl-mmŊѴ-†v;mķĺķ ubv-bŊu;bѴ_†0;uķ ĺķ Ļ -†v;u†7ķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƕőĺ b] 7-|- bm|;]u-|bomĹ );-u;]u-|;=†Ѵ|o|_;l-1uo;1oѴo]‹vr;1b-Ѵbv|]uo†ro=|_; 1oѴo]b1-Ѵ -mŊ †uor;-m =†m]-Ѵ vr;1b;v o0v;uˆ-|bomvĽ -vv;l0Ѵ‹ =ou -77u;vvŊ "o1b;|‹o=;ul-m‹ķ†v|ub--m7"‰b|Œ;uѴ-m7Ő=ࠑő=ou=†m7bm]-m7ouŊ bm]1om|;lrou-u‹t†;v|bomvbm;1oѴo]‹-m7]Ѵo0-Ѵ1_-m];0boѴo]‹ĺ ]-mbŒbm]|_;ƑƏƐѶl;;|bm]ľ-1uo;1oѴo]‹bm|_;-];o=b] -|-ĺĿ); Fungal Biology Reviews ķ 31ŐƑőķ ѶѶŋƖѶĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ -u;]u-|;=†Ѵ|o-ѴѴ‰_or-u|b1br-|;7bm|_;l;;|bm]-m7v|bl†Ѵ-|;77bvŊ =0uĺƑƏƐƕĺƏƐĺƏƏƐ u-িfoķĺĺķm7;uvomķ!ĺĺķ࢙u1b--u0ov-ķĺķ;-Ѵ;ķĺĺķ oul-mmķ 1†vvbomv‰b|_|_;bu1om|ub0†|bomvĺ ĺĺķ ĺ,ĺķ-m7ĺ ĺ,ĺ-1hmo‰Ѵ;7]; ĺ ĺķ -uѴ‹ķ!ĺķĻ!-_0;hķĺŐƑƏƐƖőĺ"|-m7-u7v=ou7bv|ub0†|bomlo7;Ѵv =†m7bm]=uol|_;"‰bvv -|-"1b;m1;;m|;uŐ" "őķr-u|o=|_;ruof;1| bm0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹-vv;vvl;m|vĺScience Advances ķ5ŐƐőķ;--|ƓѶƔѶĺ_||rvĹņņ "  ĺĺĺu;1;bˆ;7=†m7bm]=uol|_; †uor;-m&mbomŝvoubŒom 7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƑѵņv1b-7ˆĺ--|ƓѶƔѶ ƑƏƑƏu;v;-u1_-m7bmmoˆ-|bomruo]u-ll;†m7;u]u-m|-]u;;l;m|oĺ u-িfoķĺĺķş;‰ķĺŐƑƏƏƕőĺ mv;l0Ѵ;=ou;1-v|bm]o=vr;1b;v7bvŊ |ub0†|bomvĺ Trends in Ecology & Evolution ķ 22ŐƐőķ ƓƑŋƓƕĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ ѵƕѶѶƓƐĺ )ĺ$ĺķ ĺĺĺ -m7 ĺ ĺ,ĺ u;1;bˆ;7 =†m7bm] =uol |_; u;m1_ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ|u;;ĺƑƏƏѵĺƏƖĺƏƐƏ ];m1;m-|bom-Ѵ;7;Ѵ-u;1_;u1_;Ő!ŊƐѶŊ ƓŋƏƏƏƖő-m7|_;"‰bvv ;1hķ ĺķ -ѴѴ;v|;uovŊ;fb-ķ ĺķ †1_l-mmķ ĺ ĺķ ;m]Ѵ;uķ ĺķ ub|Œķ -|bom-Ѵ"1b;m1; o†m7-|bomŐƑƏ ƑƐōƐѶƓƐƒƐņƐőķr-u|o=|_;ƑƏƐѶobm| "ĺ ĺķ u†0;uķ ĺķ Ļ oul-mmķ ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƑőĺ )_-|Ľv om |_; _oubŊ bo7bˆ !vŊ;Ѵlom| ou†l1-ѴѴŐruof;1|ļ †|†u;);0ŝőĺĺ ĺ,ĺş)ĺ$ĺ=†uŊ Œom =ou l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĵ Ecography ķ 35 ŐѶőķ ѵƕƒŋѵѶƒĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ |_;u-1hmo‰Ѵ;7];7v†rrou|=uol|_;" ņ!]u-m|ƒƐƏƏƒƏŊƐƕƏƏƔƖņ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƐѵƏƏŊƏƔѶƕĺƑƏƐƑĺƏƕƒѵƓĺŠ uo‰mķĺĺŐƐƖƖƖőĺ-1uo;1oѴo]‹Ĺuo]u;vv-m7uovr;1|ĺOikos ķ87ŐƐőķ !ŊƐѵŊ ƖƒŊƏƏƓĺ ĺ,ĺ u;1;bˆ;7 =†m7bm] =uol |_; ;ul-m "1b;m1; ƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƑƒƏƕņƒƔƓѵƖƖƐ o†m7-|bom Ő]u-m|,&ƒѵƐņƐŊƐőĺ"ĺĺ1omvb7;uvb|-1om|ub0†|bom|o u†;Ѵ_;b7;ķĺķ ;m]Ѵ;uķĺķ†uv1_h;ķĺķ;mobuķ ĺķbl࣐m;ŒŊѴ=-uoķĺķ _;u -uѴv0;u] bv|bm]†bv_;7 vvo1b-|;7 uo=;vvou ;ѴѴo‰v_brĺ $_; bѴŊ ;mm;h;mvķ"ĺĺķĻ-m7|ķ&ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺѴo0-Ѵ|u-b|ŋ;mˆbuoml;m|u;Ŋ Ѵ†v|u-|;7‰ouѴ7ˆb;‰7-|-‰;u;=†m7;70‹|_;(bѴѴ†l o†m7-|bomĺĺ)ĺ Ѵ-|bomv_brvo=rѴ-m|1oll†mb|b;vĺNature Ecology & Evolution ķ2ŐƐƑőķ ƐƖƏѵĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņvƓƐƔƔƖŊƏƐѶŊƏѵƖƖŊѶ -1hmo‰Ѵ;7];v |_;  ;m|u; o= Š1;ѴѴ;m1; ƑƐƐƕ ľ;m|u; =ou |_; u†mķĺķ-‹m;ķĺ!ĺķşbpu0o;ķ$ĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺ$u-b|0bo];o]u-r_‹o=l-ubm; 7ˆ-m1;7"|†7‹o=oѴѴ;1|bˆ;;_-ˆbo†uĿŐ ĹƓƑƑƏƒƕƖѶƓőĺ 1or;ro7vŊ-m-m-Ѵ‹vbv-1uovvv1-Ѵ;vĺEcology Letters ķ19 ŐƐƑőķƐƓƏƒŋ ƐƓƐƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ;Ѵ;ĺƐƑѵѶѶ _bѴbrru†mķ)bѴ=ub;7$_†bѴѴ;uķ+o_-mm_-†ˆb;uķoठ1;ѴѴbvvb;uķ!-=-;Ѵ ! ĺ)ু;v|ķ,_b_;m])-m]ķbhѴ-†v ĺ,bll;ul-mmŐbmu;ˆb;‰őo7;Ѵ 1olrѴ;Šb|‹ -==;1|v vr;1b;v 7bv|ub0†|bom ruof;1|bomv †m7;u 1Ѵbl-|; Rafael O. Wüest _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƐŊѵƏƓƕŊƐƖƓƔ 1_-m];ĺJournal of Biogeography ķ|_bvˆoѴ†l;ĺ Niklaus E. Zimmermann _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƒŊƒƏƖƖŊƖѵƏƓ †bvvomķ ĺķ $_†bѴѴ;uķ )ĺķ v-f†vķ ĺķ ;hķ "ĺķ ş u;mo†bѴѴ;|ķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƏőĺ &m1;u|-bm|‹ bm ;mv;l0Ѵ; =ou;1-v|bm] o= vr;1b;v 7bv|ubŊ Damaris Zurell _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƑŊƓѵƑѶŊƒƔƔѶ 0†|bomĺ Global Change Biology ķ 16 ŐƓőķ ƐƐƓƔŋƐƐƔƕĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ Jake M. Alexander _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƒŊƑƑƑѵŊƕƖƐƒ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƐƒѵƔŊƑƓѶѵĺƑƏƏƖĺƏƑƏƏƏĺŠ -0u-Ѵķ ĺ "ĺķ ş u;=|ķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƑőĺ bmhbm] ;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ mb1_;ķ 1oll†mb|‹ Susanne A. Fritz _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƑŊƓƏѶƔŊѵƒѵ* ;1oѴo]‹-m70bo];o]u-r_‹Ĺmvb]_|v=uol-l;1_-mbv|b1mb1_;lo7;Ѵĺ Christian Hof _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƑŊƕƕѵƒŊƐѶѶƔ Journal of Biogeography ķ39 ŐƐƑőķƑƑƐƑŋƑƑƑƓĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ jbi.12010 Holger Kreft _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƒŊƓƓƕƐŊѶƑƒѵ -0u-Ѵķĺ"ĺķş"1_†uuķ ĺĺŐƑƏƐƏőĺ v|bl-|bm]7;lo]u-r_b1lo7;Ѵv=ou Signe Normand _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƑŊѶƕѶƑŊƓƐƔƓ |_;u-m];7‹m-lb1vo=rѴ-m|vr;1b;vĺGlobal Ecology and Biogeography ķ 19 ŐƐőķѶƔŋƖƕĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƐƓѵѵŊѶƑƒѶĺƑƏƏƖĺƏƏƓƖƑĺŠ Juliano Sarmento Cabral _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƑŊƏƐƐѵŊƑƑƏ* -0u-Ѵķĺ"ĺķ(-Ѵ;m|;ķĺķş-u|b]ķ ĺŐƑƏƐƕőĺ;1_-mbv|b1vbl†Ѵ-|bomlo7Ŋ Wilfried Thuiller _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƑŊƔƒѶѶŊƔƑƕƓ ;Ѵvbml-1uo;1oѴo]‹-m70bo];o]u-r_‹Ĺ"|-|;Ŋo=Ŋ-u|-m7ruovr;1|vĺ Ecography ķ40 ŐƑőķƑѵƕŋƑѶƏĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ;1o]ĺƏƑƓѶƏ Dirk Nikolaus Karger _||rvĹņņou1b7ĺou]ņƏƏƏƏŊƏƏƏƐŊƕƕƕƏŊѵƑƑƖ -0u-Ѵķĺķ)b;]-m7ķĺķşu;=|ķĺŐƑƏƐƖőĺm|;u-1|bomv 0;|‰;;m ;1oŊ Ѵo]b1-Ѵķ ;ˆoѴ†|bom-u‹ķ -m7 ;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ ruo1;vv;v †mˆ;bѴ 1olrѴ;Š 7‹m-lb1vo=bmv†Ѵ-urѴ-m|7bˆ;uvb|‹ĺJournal of ķbo];o]u-r_‹ĺ REFERENCES -‹†;Ѵ-ķĺķѴ-;u7-ķ߈ĺĺķѴ0†t†;ut†;ķ ĺ"ĺķşoѴb1_;uķ ĺĺŐƑƏƐƑőĺ |-Šomv|-m7Ĺmur-1h-];=ouvr;1b;vm-l;vv|-m7-u7bv-|bombmˆ;];Ŋ ]†bѴ࣐;ķ!ĺķ-v1†;Ѵķ ĺķ-l0;u|ķĺķş ;uub;u;ķ!ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺѴ-7;7bˆ;uŊ |-|bom7-|-0-v;vĺMethods in Ecology and Evolution ķ3ŐѵőķƐƏƕѶŋƐƏѶƒĺ vb=b1-|bom7‹m-lb1v-m7|_;0bo|b1-m7-0bo|b11om|uoѴvo=vr;1b-|bom _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƑƏƓƐŊƑƐƏ*ĺƑƏƐƑĺƏƏƑƒƑĺŠ -m7;Š|bm1|bomu-|;vĺNature Communications ķ9ŐƐőķƐŋƐƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺ Ѵ-uhķĺ"ĺķ;Ѵ=-m7ķĺ ĺķ)oo7-ѴѴķĺ)ĺķş,_†ķĺŐƑƏƐƓőĺou;|_-m ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņvƓƐƓѵƕŊƏƐѶŊƏƔƓƐƖŊƕ |_; v†l o= |_; r-u|vĹ ou;v| 1Ѵbl-|; u;vromv; =uol fobm| vr;1b;v ƐƏ

7bv|ub0†|bomlo7;ѴvĺEcological Applications ķ24 ŐƔőķƖƖƏŋƖƖƖĺ_||rvĹņņ _||rvĹņņ‰‰‰ĺ]0b=ĺou]ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺ Ĺ$_;Ѵo0-Ѵbo7bˆ;uvb|‹m=oul-|bom 7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐѶƖƏņƐƒŊƐƏƐƔĺƐ -1bѴb|‹ĺ )_-| bv  ĵ !;|ub;ˆ;7 =uol _||rvĹņņ‰‰‰ĺ]0b=ĺou]ņ Ѵ-‰];vķ!ĺķ(b;uѴbm]ķĺķ(b;uѴbm]ķĺķş!o‰;ѴѴķ ĺŐƑƏƏѶőĺ$_;†v;o=-buŊ ‰_-|ŊbvŊ]0b=ĺ 0oum;Ѵb7-u|o-vv;vv-ˆb-mvr;1b;v7bˆ;uvb|‹ķ7;mvb|‹ķ-m7o11†uu;m1; †;|;ķ ĺķ b7-mķ ĺķ b†u-ķ $ĺķ !o7ub]†;Œķ ĺķ -oķ *ĺķ ş ;uu;bu-ķ bm-rbm;ņ-vr;m=ou;v|ĺRemote Sensing of Environment ķ112ŐƔőķƑƏѵƓŋ ĺ ŐƑƏƏƑőĺ ˆ;uˆb;‰ o= |_; u-7bol;|ub1 -m7 0bor_‹vb1-Ѵ r;uŊ ƑƏƕƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺuv;ĺƑƏƏƕĺƏѶĺƏƑƒ =oul-m1; o= |_;  " ˆ;];|-|bom bm7b1;vĺ Remote Sensing u†Œ-mķĺĺķ);bmv|;bmķĺĺķu-v|‹ķĺ!ĺķo_umķĺ ĺķ;m7ub1hvomķ of Environment ķ 83 ŐƐŋƑőķ ƐƖƔŋƑƐƒĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņ ĺĺķuu;7om7oķ$ĺĺķş$_olrvomķĺĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺ"l-ѴѴ†ml-mm;7 "ƏƏƒƓŊƓƑƔƕŐƏƑőƏƏƏƖѵŊƑ -;ub-Ѵ ˆ;_b1Ѵ;v Őlb1uoŊ&(vķ 7uom;vő bm rѴ-m| ;1oѴo]‹ĺ Applications ॗhvķĺķş࢜u|;ѴķĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺѴ-m|7bˆ;uvb|‹bm1;-mb1 -u1_br;Ѵ-]ovĹ in Plant Sciences ķ 4ŐƖőķ ƐѵƏƏƏƓƐĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƒƕƒƑņ !;-Ѵbv|b1r-||;umv;l†Ѵ-|;70‹-m-];m|Ŋ0-v;71olr†|;uvbl†Ѵ-|bomĺ -rrvĺƐѵƏƏƏƓƐ Ecography ķ42 ŐƓőķƕƓƏŋƕƔƓĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ;1o]ĺƏƒƖѶƔ †mѴb==;ķĺĺķu-Œb;uķ!ĺ ĺķşm7;uvomķĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺ &Ѵ|u-Ŋ=bm; ]u-bm om;vķĺ ĺķb;Ѵ0‹ķĺķ-u7bѴѴoķĺķ ub|Œķ"ĺĺķ ŝ ;ѴѴķĺķul;ķĺ ĺ Ѵ-m7v1-r;Ŋv1-Ѵ;t†-m|b=b1-|bomo=7u‹Ѵ-m7ˆ;];|-|bomv|u†1|†u;‰b|_ ĺķĻ†uˆbvķĺŐƑƏƏƖőĺ-m$ !Ĺvr;1b;vŊѴ;ˆ;Ѵ7-|-0-v;o=Ѵb=; 7uom;Ŋ-1t†bu;7 v|u†1|†u;Ŋ=uolŊlo|bom r_o|o]u-ll;|u‹ĺ Remote _bv|ou‹ķ;1oѴo]‹ķ-m7];o]u-r_‹o=;Š|-m|-m7u;1;m|Ѵ‹;Š|bm1|l-lŊ Sensing of Environment ķ 183ķ ƐƑƖŋƐƓƒĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ l-ѴvĺEcology ķ90 ŐƖőķƑѵƓѶŋƑѵƓѶĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐѶƖƏņƏѶŊƐƓƖƓĺƐ uv;ĺƑƏƐѵĺƏƔĺƏƐƖ -l0-|Ѵ-ķĺķoѴѴb-vķĺķ†l-uķ(ĺķşu-l-ķĺŐƑƏƐƓőĺ $u;m7v bm 0b] †uub;ķ ĺĺŐƑƏƐƖőĺ)_;u;;‰|omlb]_|_-ˆ;|-h;m;1oѴo]‹ĺ Global 7-|- -m-Ѵ‹|b1vĺ Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing ķ 74 Őƕőķ Ecology and Biogeography ķ 28 ŐƐőķ ƐѶŋƑƕĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ ƑƔѵƐŋƑƔƕƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺfr71ĺƑƏƐƓĺƏƐĺƏƏƒ ];0ĺƐƑѶƓƑ -u-lbķĺķ);v|;u]--u7Ŋb;Ѵv;mķĺķoul-m7ķ"ĺķ$u;b;uķ&ĺĺķ Ѵ0;uѴbm]ķ -u‰bmou;$-vhuo†rĺŐƑƏƏƖőĺ -u‰bmou;Ő-lrl;b;u ķ u;ˆb;‰ !ĺ)ĺķş-mv;mķĺ&ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺr_;moѴo]‹Ŋ0-v;7-rruo-1_|o|_; l-m-];uőĺbo7bˆ;uvb|‹m=oul-|bom"|-m7-u7vŐ$ )őĺ 1Ѵ-vvb=b1-|bomo=u1|b1|†m7u-;1ov‹v|;lvbmu;;mѴ-m7ĺISPRS Journal ;m]Ѵ;uķ ĺķ u†;Ѵ_;b7;ķ ĺķ †uv1_h;ķ ĺķ _‹|u৥ķ ĺķ -mv;mķ ĺķ of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ķ 146Ő";r|;l0;uőķ ƔƐѶŋƔƑƖĺ ;mm;h;mvķ"ĺĺķĻ|_;vѴo|omvou|b†lŐƑƏƐƓőĺvѴo|ŋ|_;m;‰ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺbvruvfruvĺƑƏƐѶĺƐƐĺƏƏƔ ]Ѵo0-Ѵˆ;];|-|bomŊrѴo|7-|-0-v;=ou-77u;vvbm]|u-b|Ŋ;mˆbuoml;m|u;Ŋ -u];uķ ĺĺķomu-7ķĺķक़_m;uķĺķ-‰o_Ѵķ$ĺķu;=|ķĺķ"oub-Ŋ†Œ-ķ Ѵ-|bomv_brv-1uovv|_;‰ouѴ7Ľv0bol;vĺmĺ†1bm-ķĺĺub1;ķşĺ !ĺ)ĺķĻ;vvѴ;uķĺŐƑƏƐƕ-őĺѴbl-|oѴo]b;v-|_b]_u;voѴ†|bom=ou|_; -Ѵ‰bfŐ 7vĺőķBiodiversity and vegetation: Patterns, processes, conserva- ;-u|_ĽvѴ-m7v†u=-1;-u;-vĺScientific Data ķ4ķƐƕƏƐƑƑĺ tion ŐrĺƖƏőĺ;u|_ʼnom]-m o†m7-|bomĺ -u];uķ ĺĺķomu-7ķĺķक़_m;uķĺķ-‰o_Ѵķ$ĺķu;=|ķĺķş"oub-Ŋ†Œ-ķ ;v1ol0;vķĺķ-0oub-†ķ$ĺķѴ0o†‹ķĺķ;bm;ķĺķ;rub;†uķ ĺķş;ѴѴbvvb;uķ !ĺ )ĺķ Ļ ;vvѴ;uķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƕ0őĺ Ѵbl-|oѴo]b;v -| _b]_ u;voѴ†|bom =ou ĺ ŐƑƏƐѶőĺ bmhbm] vr;1b;v 7bˆ;uvb=b1-|bom |o r-Ѵ-;oŊ;mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ |_;;-u|_ĽvѴ-m7v†u=-1;-u;-vĺDryad Digital Repository ķ_||rvĹņņ7obĺ 1_-m];vĹ  ruo1;vvŊ0-v;7 lo7;ѴѴbm] -rruo-1_ĺ Global Ecology and ou]ņƐƏĺƔƏѵƐņ7u‹-7ĺh7Ɛ7Ɠĺ Biogeography ķ27 ŐƑőķƑƒƒŋƑƓƓĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ];0ĺƐƑѵѶƒ -||];ķ ĺķ झ-Œķ "ĺķ -ˆou;Ѵķ "ĺķ u;m|b1;ķ ĺ ĺķ ;-7Ѵ;‹ķ ĺķ क़mbv1_ķ oul-mmķĺ ĺŐƑƏƏƕőĺuolbvbm]|_;=†|†u;ĵѴo0-Ѵ1_-m];ruof;1|bomv ĺķ Ļ )bu|_ķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƐőĺ $!+ Ŋ - ]Ѵo0-Ѵ 7-|-0-v; o= rѴ-m| o= vr;1b;v 7bv|ub0†|bomvĺ Basic and Applied Ecology ķ 8ŐƔőķ ƒѶƕŋƒƖƕĺ |u-b|vĺ Global Change Biology ķ 17 ŐƖőķ ƑƖƏƔŋƑƖƒƔĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ0--;ĺƑƏƏѵĺƐƐĺƏƏƐ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƐƒѵƔŊƑƓѶѵĺƑƏƐƐĺƏƑƓƔƐĺŠ oul-mmķĺ ĺķ-Ѵ-0u;v;ķĺĺķ†bѴѴ;u-Ŋuuob|-ķĺķ-|;1_o†ķ ĺķ-_mķ ;-um;‹ķĺķşou|;uķ)ĺĺŐƑƏƏƓőĺ-rrbm]|_;=†m7-l;m|-Ѵ mb1_;Ĺ (ĺķ-u|oॉķĺķĻ-u|b]ķ ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺo7;Ѵ-ˆ;u-]bm]bm;1oѴo]‹Ĺu;Ŋ _‹vboѴo]‹ķ1Ѵbl-|;ķ-m7|_;7bv|ub0†|bomo=-mo1|†um-ѴѴbŒ-u7ĺEcology ķ ˆb;‰o=-‹;vb-mķbm=oul-|bomŊ|_;ou;|b1ķ-m7|-1|b1-Ѵ-rruo-1_;v=ou 85 ŐƐƐőķƒƐƐƖŋƒƐƒƐĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐѶƖƏņƏƒŊƏѶƑƏ ru;7b1|bˆ;bm=;u;m1;ĺEcological Monographs ķ88 ŐƓőķƓѶƔŋƔƏƓĺ_||rvĹņņ ;bѴķ ĺķ ;Ѵl-h;uķ ĺķ )bѴvomķ ĺ ĺķ &mb||ķ ĺķ ş ;|Œķ )ĺ ŐƑƏƐƒőĺ 7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƏƑņ;1lĺƐƒƏƖ o‰mv1-Ѵbm] o= vr;1b;v 7bv|ub0†|bom lo7;ѴvĹ  _b;u-u1_b1-Ѵ -rŊ oul-mmķĺ ĺķ"1_‹l-mvhbķ"ĺĺķ-0u-Ѵķĺķ_†bm;ķĺķu-_-lķĺķ-u|b]ķ ruo-1_ĺ Methods in Ecology and Evolution ķ 4ŐƐőķ ѶƑŋƖƓĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ ĺķĻ"bm];uķĺŐƑƏƐƑőĺouu;Ѵ-|bom-m7ruo1;vvbmvr;1b;v7bv|ub0†|bom ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƑƏƓƐŊƑƐƏŠĺƑƏƐƑĺƏƏƑѵƓĺŠ lo7;ѴvĹub7]bm]-7b1_o|ol‹ĺJournal of Biogeography ķ39 ŐƐƑőķƑƐƐƖŋ ࣐u‹ķĺķ†bѴѴ;u-Ŋuuob|-ķĺķ-_oŒŊom=ou|ķĺĺķ†bѴѴ;u-Ŋuuob|-ķĺķ ƑƐƒƐĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƐƒѵƔŊƑѵƖƖĺƑƏƐƐĺƏƑѵƔƖĺŠ ş-_oŒŊom=ou|ķĺĺŐƑƏƐƒőĺm-Ѵ‹vbm]-m7l-rrbm]vr;1b;vu-m]; mt†bv|ķĺĺķom7b|ķ!ĺķ;;|ķĺķ"1_bѴ7_-†;uķĺķ$_b;uvķĺķş ķ 7‹m-lb1v †vbm] o11†r-m1‹ lo7;Ѵvĺ Journal of Biogeography ķ 40 ŐѶőķ ‰ouhbm] ]uo†rĺ ŐƑƏƐѵőĺ ‹0;u bm=u-v|u†1|†u; =ou -m bm|;]u-|;7 0oŊ ƐƓѵƒŋƐƓƕƓĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņf0bĺƐƑƏѶƕ |-mb1-Ѵ bm=oul-|bom m;|‰ouh |o bmˆ;v|b]-|; |_; ;1oѴo]b1-Ѵ blr-1|v bvvѴbm]ķ)ĺ ĺķ_†l-7-ķĺĺķo‰v;uķĺķ ;um-m7;Œķĺķ ;um࢙m7;Œķĺķ o= ]Ѵo0-Ѵ 1Ѵbl-|; 1_-m]; om rѴ-m| 0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ĺ PeerJ Preprints ķ 4ķ -u1झ-ķ ĺĺķĻ-u7bv|‹ķĺ!ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺ†bѴ7bm];vv;m|b-Ѵ0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ ;ƑѵƐƔˆƑĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƕƑѶƕņr;;ufĺru;rubm|vĺƑѵƐƔˆƑ ˆ-ub-0Ѵ;vŐ (vőo=vr;1b;v7bv|ub0†|bom-m7-0†m7-m1; -| - ]Ѵo0-Ѵ bfl-mvķ!ĺĺķ-l;uomķ"ĺ ĺķ-uu-ķĺĺķom;vķĺĺķş-uˆbvķĺŐƑƏƏƔőĺ v1-Ѵ;ĺ Biological Reviews ķ 93 ŐƐőķ ѵƏƏŋѵƑƔĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ (;u‹ _b]_ u;voѴ†|bom bm|;uroѴ-|;7 1Ѵbl-|; v†u=-1;v =ou ]Ѵo0-Ѵ Ѵ-m7 brv.12359 -u;-vĺInternational Journal of Climatology ķ25 ŐƐƔőķƐƖѵƔŋƐƖƕѶĺ_||rv क़mb]ķĺķ);b];Ѵ|ķĺķ"1_u-7;uķĺķ$-‹Ѵouķĺķ-||];ķĺķşu;=|ķĺŐƑƏƐƖőĺ Ĺņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƏƑņfo1ĺƐƑƕѵ bo7bˆ;uvb|‹7-|-bm|;]u-|bomŋ$_;vb]mb=b1-m1;o=7-|-u;voѴ†|bom-m7 bѴ0;u|ķ ĺķ ş ॕr;Œķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƐőĺ $_; ‰ouѴ7Ľv |;1_moѴo]b1-Ѵ 1-r-1b|‹ |o domain. PLOS Biology ķ 17 Őƒőķ ;ƒƏƏƏƐѶƒĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƒƕƐņ v|ou;ķ1oll†mb1-|;ķ-m71olr†|;bm=oul-|bomĺ Science ķ 332 ŐѵƏƑƔőķ fo†um-Ѵĺr0boĺƒƏƏƏƐѶƒ 60–65. ;1†mķ +ĺķ ;m]boķ +ĺķ ş bm|omķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƔőĺ ;;r Ѵ;-umbm]ĺ Nature ķ o=ķĺķ(ovh-lrķĺķb0;uķĺ ĺķक़_mbm]Ŋ-;v;ķĺķ m];Ѵ_-u7|ķ ĺĺķ 521ŐƕƔƔƒőķƓƒѵŋƓƓƓĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņm-|†u;ƐƓƔƒƖ b-lbuķĺķĻb1hѴ;uķ$ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺbo;m;u]‹1uorѴ-m7;Šr-mvboml-‹ ;b7bm];uķ ĺķ ş -0u-Ѵķ ĺ "ĺ ŐƑƏƐƕőĺ bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ 7‹m-lb1v om vѴ-m7vĹ o==v;|rovb|bˆ;;==;1|vo=1Ѵbl-|;1_-m];lb|b]-|bom =ou ]Ѵo0-Ѵ ˆ;uŊ ŠrѴb1b|Ѵ‹-11o†m|bm]=ou1-†v-Ѵb|‹bml;1_-mbv|b1lo7;ѴvĺDiversity ķ |;0u-|; 7bˆ;uvb|‹ĺ Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ķ 9ŐƒőķƐŋƐƕĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƏƖņĺƑƏƐƕĺѶƏƐƔƕѶѵĺ 201807745 ķ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƕƒņrm-vĺƐѶƏƕƕƓƔƐƐƔ ;rub;†uķ ĺķ ;v1ol0;vķĺķ-0oub-†ķ$ĺķo‰l-mķĺ ĺķ-uu-ˆb1bmbķ(ĺķ ou|-Ѵķĺķ7;;ѴѴoķ ĺķ bmbŒŊ bѴ_oķĺĺ ĺķ;‰bmvo_mķ $ĺ ĺķ o0oķ ĺ †Ѵ0b1hbķĺķĻ;ѴѴbvvb;uķĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺѴ-|;|;1|omb1v7ubˆ;|uorb1-Ѵu;;= ĺķ ş -7Ѵ;ķ !ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƔőĺ ";ˆ;m "_ou|=-ѴѴv |_-| ;v;| -u];Ŋ"1-Ѵ; 0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹7‹m-lb1vĺNature Communications ķ7ķƐƐƓѵƐĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺ mo‰Ѵ;7];o=bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ĺAnnual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņm1ollvƐƐƓѵƐ Systematics ķ 46 ŐƐőķ ƔƑƒŋƔƓƖĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƓѵņ-mm†u;ˆŊ;1oѴv क़0;Ѵķ"ĺķ-buķĺķक़mm;ѴѴķĺķ"1_uक़7;uķĺķş"m࢜ѴѴķ$ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺboѴo]b1-Ѵ ‹vŊƐƐƑƓƐƓŊƏƔƓƓƏƏ |u-b|v ;ŠrѴ-bm 0u‹or_‹|; vr;1b;v 7bv|ub0†|bomv -m7 u;vromv;v |o ƐƐ

=ou;v|=u-]l;m|-|bom-m71Ѵbl-|b1ˆ-ub-|bomĺJournal of Ecology ķ106ŐƓőķ ror†Ѵ-|bom7‹m-lb1vĵPlant Ecology ķ219 ŐƐƏőķƐƐƒƖŋƐƐƔƏĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺ ƐƕƏƏŋƐƕƐƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņƐƒѵƔŊƑƕƓƔĺƐƑƖƒƏ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƏƕņvƐƐƑƔѶŊƏƐѶŊƏѶѵƔŊѶ -bķĺĺķ)bh;Ѵvhbķĺķ"1o11oķĺķ-|ou1bķĺķ;blķ ĺķo_Ѵl;b;uķ)ĺķ $;0-Ѵ7bķĺķşm†||bķ!ĺŐƑƏƏƕőĺ$_;†v;o=|_;l†Ѵ|bŊlo7;Ѵ;mv;l0Ѵ; ş ;1_|;Ѵ;uķĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺomb|oubm]ru;Ŋv;bvlb1-1|bˆb|‹1_-m];vbm bm ruo0-0bѴbv|b1 1Ѵbl-|; ruof;1|bomvĺ Philosophical Transactions of - 7ol;v|b1 -mbl-Ѵ 1oѴѴ;1|bˆ; bm ;m|u-Ѵ |-Ѵ‹ĺ Geophysical Research the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences ķ Abstracts ķ20 ķ &ƑƏƐѶŋƐƖƒƓѶĺ 365ŐƐѶƔƕőķƑƏƔƒŋƑƏƕƔĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƖѶņuv|-ĺƑƏƏƕĺƑƏƕѵ 1bѴѴķ ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƖőĺ $_; ‰_-|ķ _o‰ -m7 ‰_‹ o= 7obm] l-1uo;1oѴo]‹ĺ $_;uvķ ĺķ u†m0f;u]ķ ĺ ĺķ /vvp;ķ $ĺķ fum/vķ !ĺķ p1_;uķ ĺ ĺķ ş Global Ecology and Biogeography ķ28 ŐƐőķѵŋƐƕĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ "ˆ;mmbm]ķ ĺŊĺ ŐƑƏƐƕőĺ b7-uŊ7;ubˆ;7 ˆ-ub-0Ѵ;v -v - ruoŠ‹ =ou =†mŊ ];0ĺƐƑѶƔƔ ]-Ѵ vr;1b;v ub1_m;vv -m7 1olrovb|bom bm |;lr;u-|; ou|_;um ;|_ouv|ķĺķक़_mbm]Ŋ-;v;ķĺķ_-Ѵbtķĺķşo=ķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƕőĺ  =u-l;Ŋ †uor;ĺ Remote Sensing of Environment ķ 200ķ ƐƏƑŋƐƐƒĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ ‰ouhbm|;]u-|bm]r_‹vboѴo]‹ķ7bvr;uv-Ѵ-m7Ѵ-m7Ŋ†v;|oruof;1|vr;Ŋ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺuv;ĺƑƏƐƕĺƏѶĺƏƐƐ 1b;v u-m];v †m7;u 1Ѵbl-|; 1_-m];ĺ Journal of Avian Biology ķ 48 ŐƐƑőķ $_†bѴѴ;uķ )ĺ ŐƑƏƏƒőĺ   Ŋ or|blbŒbm] ru;7b1|bomv o= vr;1b;v 7bvŊ ƐƔƒƑŋƐƔƓѶĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņf-ˆĺƏƐƑƖƖ |ub0†|bomv -m7 ruof;1|bm] ro|;m|b-Ѵ =†|†u; v_b=|v †m7;u ]Ѵo0-Ѵ ;‹;uķĺķ;|Œķ)ĺķ†u-Ѵmb1hķ!ĺĺķ ub|Œķ"ĺĺķşu;=|ķĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺ!-m]; 1_-m];ĺ Global Change Biology ķ 9ŐƐƏőķ ƐƒƔƒŋƐƒѵƑĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ ];ol;|u‹-m7vo1boŊ;1omolb1v7olbm-|;vr;1b;vŊѴ;ˆ;Ѵ0b-v;vbmo1Ŋ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƓѵņfĺƐƒѵƔŊƑƓѶѵĺƑƏƏƒĺƏƏѵѵѵĺŠ 1†uu;m1;bm=oul-|bomĺGlobal Ecology and Biogeography ķ25 ŐƐƏőķƐƐѶƐŋ $_†bѴѴ;uķ)ĺķ†࣐]†;mķĺķ!;m-†7ķĺķ-u];uķ ĺĺķş,bll;ul-mmķĺ ƐƐƖƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ];0ĺƐƑƓѶƒ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƖőĺ &m1;u|-bm|‹ bm ;mv;l0Ѵ;v o= ]Ѵo0-Ѵ 0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ v1;m-uŊ ;‹;uķĺķ);b];Ѵ|ķĺķşu;=|ķĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺ†Ѵ|b7bl;mvbom-Ѵ0b-v;vķ]-rv bovĺ Nature Communications ķ 10 ŐƐőķ ƐƓƓѵĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņ -m7 †m1;u|-bm|b;v bm ]Ѵo0-Ѵ rѴ-m| o11†uu;m1; bm=oul-|bomĺ Ecology vƓƐƓѵƕŊƏƐƖŊƏƖƔƐƖŊ‰ Letters ķ19 ŐѶőķƖƖƑŋƐƏƏѵĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ;Ѵ;ĺƐƑѵƑƓ $_†bѴѴ;uķ)ĺķুmh;lুѴѴ;uķ$ĺķ-ˆ;u]m;ķ"ĺķo†bѴѴo|ķ ĺķo†t†;|ķĺķ ুmh;lুѴѴ;uķ $ĺķ 7; ;ѴѴoķ ĺķ ;‹m-u7ķ ĺ ĺķ u-ˆ;Ѵķ ĺķ "1_b==;uvķĺķşu-ˆ;Ѵķ ĺŐƑƏƐƒőĺuo-7l-r=oubm|;]u-|bm] ;1oŊ -ˆ;u]m;ķ "ĺķ o†bѴѴo|ķ ĺķ Ļ $_†bѴѴ;uķ )ĺ ŐƑƏƐƑőĺ uol 7bŊ ;ˆoѴ†|bom-u‹ruo1;vv;vbm|o0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹lo7;ѴvĺEcology Letters ķ16 ķ ˆ;uvb|‹ bm7b1;v |o 1oll†mb|‹ -vv;l0Ѵ‹ ruo1;vv;vĹ  |;v| ƖƓŋƐƏƔĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ;Ѵ;ĺƐƑƐƏƓ ‰b|_ vbl†Ѵ-|;7 7-|-ĺ Ecography ķ 35 ŐƔőķ ƓѵѶŋƓѶƏĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ $b||;mvouķ ĺĺķou-ķĺķ;|Œķ)ĺķo|Œ;ķĺĺķ!b1-u7ķ ĺķ;u]_;ķ ĺ(ĺķ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņfĺƐѵƏƏŊƏƔѶƕĺƑƏƐƐĺƏƕƑƔƖĺŠ ş)oulķĺŐƑƏƐƏőĺѴo0-Ѵr-||;umv-m7ru;7b1|ouvo=l-ubm; 0boŊ ˆ-vh-bm;mķĺĺķş"obmbm;mķĺŐƑƏƐƐőĺ-hbm]lou;o†|o=vr-uv;7-|-Ĺ 7bˆ;uvb|‹ -1uovv |-Š-ĺ Nature ķ 466ŐƕƒƐƏőķ ƐƏƖѶŋƐƐƏƐĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ b;u-u1_b1-Ѵlo7;Ѵbm]o=vr;1b;v1oll†mb|b;vĺEcology ķ92 ŐƑőķƑѶƖŋ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƒѶņm-|†u;ƏƖƒƑƖ ƑƖƔĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐѶƖƏņƐƏŊƐƑƔƐĺƐ &u0-mķĺĺķo1;7bķĺķ;m7u‹ķĺĺķb_o†0ķĺŊĺķ;;uķĺķ"bm];uķĺķ -Ѵl;uķ$ĺĺŐƑƏƏƏőĺu;7b1|bm]†m1;u|-bm|‹bm=ou;1-v|vo=‰;-|_;u-m7 Ļ$u-ˆbvķĺĺĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺlruoˆbm]|_;=ou;1-v|=ou0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹†m7;u 1Ѵbl-|;ĺ Reports on Progress in Physics ķ 63 ŐƑőķ ƕƐŋƐƐѵĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ 1Ѵbl-|;1_-m];ĺScience ķ353ŐѵƒƏƓőķ--7ѶƓѵѵŊ--7ѶƓѵѵĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏѶѶņƏƏƒƓŊƓѶѶƔņѵƒņƑņƑƏƐ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƑѵņv1b;m1;ĺ--7ѶƓѵѵ ;-uv;ķ)ĺ ĺķ-u0ov-ķĺĺķ ub|Œķ"ĺĺķ;b|_ķ"ĺ ĺķ -ulomķ ĺ ĺķ )-v;uķ ĺ $ĺķ bmŒѴ;uķ ĺķ †;1_Ѵ;uķ ĺķ -Ѵ|v-ˆb-vķ ĺķ ş †umbķ ĺ -u|;ķĺķĻ -ˆb;vķ$ĺĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺ†bѴ7bm]†r0bo];o]u-r_‹Ĺ-||;um ŐƑƏƐƐőĺ";lbŊ-†|ol-|b11Ѵ-vvb=b1-|bomo=|u;;vr;1b;vbm7b==;u;m| |o ruo1;vvĺ Journal of Biogeography ķ 45 Őѵőķ ƐƑƑƒŋƐƑƒƏĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ =ou;v| ;1ov‹v|;lv 0‹ vr;1|u-Ѵ -m7 ];ol;|ub1 ˆ-ub-0Ѵ;v 7;ubˆ;7 ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņf0bĺƐƒƑƓƑ =uol bu0oum; b]b|-Ѵ ";mvou Ő "ƓƏő -m7 !ƒƏ 7-|-ĺ Remote oѴѴo1hķĺĺķ$bm]Ѵ;‹ķ!ĺķouubvķ)ĺĺķoѴ7bm]ķĺķŝ-u-ķ!ĺĺķ-uubvķ Sensing of Environment ķ 115ŐƐőķ ƕѵŋѶƔĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ ĺĺķĻ1-u|_‹ķĺĺŐƑƏƐƓőĺ&m7;uv|-m7bm]1oŊo11†uu;m1;0‹ uv;ĺƑƏƐƏĺƏѶĺƏƏѵ lo7;ѴѴbm]vr;1b;vvbl†Ѵ|-m;o†vѴ‹‰b|_-obm|"r;1b;v bv|ub0†|bom );b];Ѵ|ķ ĺķ o;mb]ķ ĺķ ş u;=|ķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƖőĺ  $ Ŋ  ]Ѵo0-Ѵ bmˆ;m|ou‹ o7;Ѵ Ő" őĺ Methods in Ecology and Evolution ķ 5ŐƔőķ ƒƖƕŋƓƏѵĺ o==Ѵou-v-m7|u-b|v=oul-1uo;1oѴo]‹-m70bo];o]u-r_‹ĺ Journal of _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņƑƏƓƐŊƑƐƏ*ĺƐƑƐѶƏ Biogeography ķ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņf0bĺƐƒѵƑƒĺ om|-urķ ĺķ †mm;=;Ѵ7ķ ĺķ -0u-Ѵķ ĺ "ĺķ |b;mm;ķ !ĺ "ĺķ ub|Œķ "ĺ ĺķ );bmv|;bmķĺĺŐƑƏƐƔőĺo|bom;;uh-|Ĺbm|;]u-|bm]lo|bomˆb7;o7;Ŋ bѴѴ;vrb;ķ!ĺķĻ†uѴ0;u|ķĺĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺ$_;Ѵ-|b|†7bm-Ѵ7bˆ;uvb|‹]u-Ŋ |;1|bom-m7;1oѴo]b1-Ѵlomb|oubm]ĺMethods in Ecology and Evolution ķ 7b;m|Ĺ oˆ;Ѵ †m7;uv|-m7bm] |_uo†]_ l;1_-mbv|b1 ;1oŊ;ˆoѴ†|bom-u‹ 6ŐƒőķƒƔƕŋƒѵƑĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņƑƏƓƐŊƑƐƏ*ĺƐƑƒƑƏĺ lo7;Ѵvĺ Trends in Ecology & Evolution ķ 34 Őƒőķ ƑƐƐŋƑƑƒĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ )b1_ķ "ĺ ĺķ ş o_ķ ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐѶőĺ Conservation Drones: Mapping and ou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ|u;;ĺƑƏƐѶĺƐƐĺƏƏƖ Monitoring Biodiversity ĺŠ=ou7ĹŠ=ou7&mbˆ;uvb|‹u;vvĺ !-m];Ѵķ$ĺ ĺķ 7‰-u7vķĺ!ĺķoѴ7;mķĺĺķ bmbŒŊ bѴ_oķĺĺ ĺķovѴbm]ķ )bh;Ѵvhbķĺķş-‹vķ!ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺoˆ;0-mhĹu1_bˆ;ķ-m-Ѵ‹vbv-m7v_-ubm] )ĺ ĺķo;Ѵ_oķĺ$ĺĺķĻoѴ‰;ѴѴķ!ĺĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺo7;Ѵbm]|_;;1oѴo]‹ o=-mbl-Ѵloˆ;l;m|7-|-ĺov|;70‹|_;-ŠѴ-m1hmv|b|†|;=ou -m7 ;ˆoѴ†|bom o= 0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹Ĺ bo];o]u-r_b1-Ѵ 1u-7Ѵ;vķ l†v;†lvķ umb|_oѴo]‹Ĺ!;|ub;ˆ;7=uol‰‰‰ĺloˆ;0-mhĺou]ĺ -m7]u-ˆ;vĺScience ķ361 ŐѵƒƖƖőķƐŋƐƒĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƑѵņv1b;m )ু;v|ķ!ĺĺķুmh;lুѴѴ;uķ$ĺķ-ˆ;u]m;ķ"ĺķoѴѴo1hķĺĺĺĺķş$_†bѴѴ;uķ ce.aar5452 )ĺ ŐƑƏƐѶőĺ m|;]u-|bm] 1ouu;Ѵ-|bom 0;|‰;;m |u-b|v blruoˆ;v vr-|b-Ѵ !o†vv;Ѵ;|ķĺķl0;u|ķĺŊ ĺķ ;hubķĺķ-u1b-ķĺķo†vv-u7ķ ĺķ(bm1;m|ķ ru;7b1|bomvo=rѴ-m|=†m1|bom-Ѵ1olrovb|bomĺOikos ķ127 ŐƒőķƓƕƑŋƓѶƐĺ ĺķ Ļ !ovvbķ ĺŊĺ ŐƑƏƐƒőĺ vv;vvbm] vr;1b;v 7bv|ub0†|bom †vbm] _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņobhĺƏƓƓƑƏ ]oo]Ѵ; v|u;;| ˆb;‰Ĺ  rbѴo| v|†7‹ ‰b|_ |_; rbm; ruo1;vvbom-u‹ *bm7om]ķ)ĺ&ĺķ,_†ķ*ĺķom]Ŋ bm]ķ)ĺ&ĺķ);b bm]ķ )ĺ&ĺķ,_†ķ*ĺķ lo|_ĺ PLoS ONE ķ 8ŐƐƏőķ ;ƕƓƖƐѶĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƒƕƐņfo†um Ļ bm]ķ )ĺ ŐƑƏƐƓőĺ -|- lbmbm] ‰b|_ 0b] 7-|-ĺ IEEE Transactions -Ѵĺrom;ĺƏƏƕƓƖƐѶ on Knowledge and Data Engineering ķ 26 ŐƐőķ ƖƕŋƐƏƕĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ "1_b==;uvķĺķ"1_†uuķ ĺĺ ĺĺķ$u-ˆbvķĺĺĺĺĺķ †r†|b࣐ķĺķ 1h_-u|ķ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƏƖņ$ ĺƑƏƐƒĺƐƏƖ (ĺ ĺ (ĺ ĺķ ş -ˆ;u]m;ķ "ĺķ Ļ oѴ|ķ !ĺ ĺ !ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƓőĺ -m7v1-r; ,;ѴѴ‰;];uķ  ĺķ -Ѵ|;mv‰;bѴ;uķ ĺķ bmŒѴ;uķ ĺķ !o|_ķ $ĺķ u-†mbv1_ķ (ĺķ v|u†1|†u; -m7 ];m;|b1 -u1_b|;1|†u; fobm|Ѵ‹ blr-1| u-|;v o= mb1_; †]l-mmķ ĺķ ş oѴѴl-mmķ ĺ ŐƑƏƐѵőĺ mˆbuoml;m|-Ѵ ru;7b1|ouv o= ;ˆoѴ†|bomĺ Ecography ķ 37 ŐƐƑőķ ƐƑƐѶŋƐƑƑƖĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ vr;1b;vub1_m;vvbm=ou;v|Ѵ-m7v1-r;vĹ0bo|b1=-1|ouvˆ;uv†vˆ;];|-Ŋ ;1o]ĺƏƏƕѵѶĺ |bomv|u†1|†u;ĺJournal of Biogeography ķ43 ŐѵőķƐƏѶƏŋƐƏƖƏĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺ $-m]ķĺķş"_-oķĺŐƑƏƐƔőĺ uom;u;lo|;v;mvbm]=ou=ou;v|u‹u;v;-u1_ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņf0bĺƐƑѵƖѵ -m7ru-1|b1;vĺ Journal of Forestry Research ķ 26 ŐƓőķ ƕƖƐŋƕƖƕĺ _||rvĹņņ ,;ѴѴ‰;];uķ ĺķ u;mm;ķĺ ĺķ;mobuķĺķ!o11_bmbķ ĺķşool;vķ ĺŐƑƏƐѶőĺ 7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƏƕņvƐƐѵƕѵŊƏƐƔŊƏƏѶѶŊ‹ 7ˆ-m1;vbmlb1uo1Ѵbl-|;;1oѴo]‹-ubvbm]=uolu;lo|;v;mvbm]ĺTrends $-‹ķ ĺ +ĺ ĺķ u=l;b;uķ ĺķ ş -Ѵ‰bfķ ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐѶőĺ !;-1_bm] m;‰ in Ecology & Evolution ķ 34 ŐƓőķ  ƒƑƕŋƒƓƐĺ  _||rv Ĺņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƏƐѵņfĺ _;b]_|vĹ -m 7uom;v u;rѴ-1; 1†uu;m| l;|_o7v |o v|†7‹ rѴ-m| |u;;ĺƑƏƐѶĺƐƑĺƏƐƑ ƐƑ

,bŒh-ķĺķ"bѴˆ;v|uoķ ĺķm7;ul-mmķ$ĺķŒ;ˆ;7oķĺķ!b||;uķĺ ĺķ 7Ѵ;uķ ĺķĻm|om;ѴѴbķĺŐƑƏƐƖőĺoou7bm-|;Ѵ;-m;uĹ"|-m7-u7bŒ;7 1Ѵ;-mŊ bm] o= o11†uu;m1; u;1ou7v =uol 0boѴo]b1-Ѵ 1oѴѴ;1|bom 7-|-0-v;vĺ Methods in Ecology and Evolution ķ 10 ŐƔőķ ƕƓƓŋƕƔƐĺ _||rvĹņņ7obĺ ou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņƑƏƓƐŊƑƐƏ*ĺƐƒƐƔƑ ,†u;ѴѴķ ĺķ$_†bѴѴ;uķ)ĺķ-];Ѵķĺķ-0u-Ѵķĺ"ĺķ ুmh;lুѴѴ;uķ$ĺķu-ˆ;Ѵķ ĺķĻ,bll;ul-mmķĺ ĺŐƑƏƐѵőĺ;m1_l-uhbm]moˆ;Ѵ-rruo-1_;v =oulo7;ѴѴbm]vr;1b;vu-m];7‹m-lb1vĺGlobal Change Biology ķ22ŐѶőķ ƑѵƔƐŋƑѵѵƓĺ_||rvĹņņ7obĺou]ņƐƏĺƐƐƐƐņ]10ĺƐƒƑƔƐ ,†u;ѴѴķ ĺķ,bll;ul-mmķĺ ĺķuovvķĺķ-Ѵ|;mv‰;bѴ;uķĺķ"-||Ѵ;uķ$ĺķş )ু;v|ķ !ĺ ĺ ŐƑƏƐƖőĺ $;v|bm] vr;1b;v -vv;l0Ѵ-]; ru;7b1|bomv =uol v|-1h;7-m7fobm|vr;1b;v7bv|ub0†|bomlo7;ѴvĺJournal of Biogeography .

" $

Rafael O Wüest  ;ŠrѴou;v |_; ];m;u-|bomķ ru;v;uˆ-|bomķ -m7 =†|†u; =-|; o= |_; 7bˆ;uv; =-1;|v o= 0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹ĺ ; -vv;vv;v 1oll†mb|‹v|u†1|†u;-m7-vv;l0Ѵ‹ķlo7;Ѵv7bˆ;uvb|‹-Ѵom];mˆbŊ uoml;m|-Ѵ]u-7b;m|vķ-m7-m-Ѵ‹v;v_o‰;ˆoѴ†|bom-m70bo];o]u-Ŋ r_‹1om|ub0†|;|ov_-r;0bo7bˆ;uvb|‹r-||;umv-1uovvv1-Ѵ;vĺ