A Macro-Ecological Approach to Predators' Functional Response
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Energetics of Life on the Deep Seafloor
Energetics of life on the deep seafloor Craig R. McClaina,1, Andrew P. Allenb, Derek P. Tittensorc,d, and Michael A. Rexe aNational Evolutionary Synthesis Center, Durham, NC 27705-4667; bDepartment of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; cUnited Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom; dMicrosoft Research Computational Science Laboratory, Cambridge CB3 0FB, United Kingdom; and eDepartment of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125-3393 Edited* by James H. Brown, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, and approved August 3, 2012 (received for review May 26, 2012) With frigid temperatures and virtually no in situ productivity, the vary with depth (13, 14), which is inversely related to POC flux deep oceans, Earth’s largest ecosystem, are especially energy-de- (16, 17). The influence of energy availability on individual growth prived systems. Our knowledge of the effects of this energy lim- rates and lifespans is unknown. At the community level, biomass itation on all levels of biological organization is very incomplete. and abundance generally decline with depth. Direct tests for the fl Here, we use the Metabolic Theory of Ecology to examine the in uences of POC and temperature on these community attrib- relative roles of carbon flux and temperature in influencing met- utes are rare, but they suggest only weak effects for temperature (16, 18). Although broad-scale patterns of deep-sea biodiversity abolic rate, growth rate, lifespan, body size, abundance, biomass, fi and biodiversity for life on the deep seafloor. We show that the are well-established and presumably linked to POC, speci c tests of this relationship remain limited (reviewed in ref. -
Consistent Variations in Personality Traits and Their Potential for Genetic Improvement in The
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.257881. this version posted August 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 Consistent variations in personality traits and their potential for genetic improvement in the 2 biocontrol agent Trichogramma evanescens 3 4 Silène Lartiguea,b,c, Myriam Yalaouib, Jean Belliardb, Claire Caravelb, Louise Jeandrozb, 5 Géraldine Groussierb, Vincent Calcagnob, Philippe Louâprec, François-Xavier Dechaume- 6 Moncharmontd, Thibaut Malausab and Jérôme Moreauc, e 7 8 a ENGREF AgroParisTech, Paris, France 9 10 b UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, CNRS, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France 11 12 c UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard 13 Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France 14 15 d Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, 69622 16 Villeurbanne, France 17 18 e Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé, UMR 7372, CNRS & La Rochelle Université, 79360 19 Villiers-en-bois, France 20 21 * Corresponding author: S. Lartigue, UMR Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, INRAE, UCA, 22 CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, France. E-mail address: [email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.21.257881. this version posted August 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 23 Abstract 24 Improvements in the biological control of agricultural pests require improvements in the 25 phenotyping methods used by practitioners to select efficient biological control agent (BCA) 26 populations in industrial rearing or field conditions. -
Demographic History and the Low Genetic Diversity in Dipteryx Alata (Fabaceae) from Brazilian Neotropical Savannas
Heredity (2013) 111, 97–105 & 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 0018-067X/13 www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE Demographic history and the low genetic diversity in Dipteryx alata (Fabaceae) from Brazilian Neotropical savannas RG Collevatti1, MPC Telles1, JC Nabout2, LJ Chaves3 and TN Soares1 Genetic effects of habitat fragmentation may be undetectable because they are generally a recent event in evolutionary time or because of confounding effects such as historical bottlenecks and historical changes in species’ distribution. To assess the effects of demographic history on the genetic diversity and population structure in the Neotropical tree Dipteryx alata (Fabaceae), we used coalescence analyses coupled with ecological niche modeling to hindcast its distribution over the last 21 000 years. Twenty-five populations (644 individuals) were sampled and all individuals were genotyped using eight microsatellite loci. All populations presented low allelic richness and genetic diversity. The estimated effective population size was small in all populations and gene flow was negligible among most. We also found a significant signal of demographic reduction in most cases. Genetic differentiation among populations was significantly correlated with geographical distance. Allelic richness showed a spatial cline pattern in relation to the species’ paleodistribution 21 kyr BP (thousand years before present), as expected under a range expansion model. Our results show strong evidences that genetic diversity in D. alata is the outcome of the historical changes in species distribution during the late Pleistocene. Because of this historically low effective population size and the low genetic diversity, recent fragmentation of the Cerrado biome may increase population differentiation, causing population decline and compromising long-term persistence. -
Downloads Presented on the Abstract Page
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.063578; this version posted April 28, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. A systematic examination of preprint platforms for use in the medical and biomedical sciences setting Jamie J Kirkham1*, Naomi Penfold2, Fiona Murphy3, Isabelle Boutron4, John PA Ioannidis5, Jessica K Polka2, David Moher6,7 1Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. 2ASAPbio, San Francisco, CA, USA. 3Murphy Mitchell Consulting Ltd. 4Université de Paris, Centre of Research in Epidemiology and Statistics (CRESS), Inserm, Paris, F-75004 France. 5Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS) and Departments of Medicine, of Epidemiology and Population Health, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 6Centre for Journalology, Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. 7School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. *Corresponding Author: Professor Jamie Kirkham Centre for Biostatistics Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Jean McFarlane Building Oxford Road Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Email: [email protected] Tel: +44 (0)161 275 1135 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.27.063578; this version posted April 28, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Macroecology in the Age of Big Data –
Received: 7 February 2019 | Revised: 8 May 2019 | Accepted: 9 May 2019 DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13633 PERSPECTIVE Macroecology in the age of Big Data – Where to go from here? Rafael O. Wüest1 | Niklaus E. Zimmermann1 | Damaris Zurell2 | Jake M. Alexander3 | Susanne A. Fritz4,5 | Christian Hof6 | Holger Kreft7 | Signe Normand8 | Juliano Sarmento Cabral9 | Eniko Szekely10 | Wilfried Thuiller11 | Martin Wikelski12,13 | Dirk Nikolaus Karger1 1Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland 2Department of Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany 3Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland 4Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt (Main), Germany 5Institute of Ecology, Evolution & Diversity, Goethe‐University, Frankfurt (Main), Germany 6Terrestrial Ecology Research Group, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany 7Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany 8Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity & Center for Biodiversity on a Changing world, Aarhus, Denmark 9Ecosystem Modeling, CCTB University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany 10Swiss Data Science Center, ETH Zurich and EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland 11Evolution, Modeling and Analysis of Biodiversity (EMABIO), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France 12Max‐Planck‐Institut for Ornithology, Vogelwarte Radolfzell, Radolfzell, Germany 13Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany Correspondence Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Swiss Federal Abstract Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Recent years have seen an exponential increase in the amount of data available in all 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland. Email: [email protected] sciences and application domains. Macroecology is part of this “Big Data” trend, with a strong rise in the volume of data that we are using for our research. -
Downloads Have Grown Commen- Surately with Their Uploads [10]
Neuroanatomy and Behaviour, 2020, 2(1), e9. Neuroanatomy ISSN: 2652-1768 and H doi: 10.35430/nab.2020.e9 ε Behaviour PROFESSIONALPERSPECTIVES Enhancing scientific dissemination in neuroscience via preprint peer-review: “Peer Community In Circuit Neuroscience” Marion S. Mercier1, Vincent Magloire1 and Mahesh Karnani2,* 1Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom and 2Institute for Neuroscience, ETH Zürich, Switzerland *[email protected] Abstract The dissemination of scientific results and new technologies in biomedical science is rapidly evolving from an exclusive and fee-oriented publishing system towards more open, free and independent strategies for sharing knowledge. In this context, preprint servers such as bioRxiv answer a very real scientific need by enabling the rapid, free and easy dissemination of findings, regardless of whether these are novel, replicated, or even showcasing negative results. Currently, thousands of manuscripts are being shared via bioRxiv each month, and neuroscience is the largest and fastest growing subject category. However, commenting on bioRxiv is declining and no structured scientific validation such as peer-review is currently available. The Peer Community In (PCI) platform addresses this unmet need by facilitating the rigorous evaluation and validation of preprints, and PCI Circuit Neuroscience (PCI C Neuro) aims to develop and extend this tool for the neuroscience community. Here we discuss PCI C Neuro’s mission, how it works, and why it is an essential initiative in this -
Minimum Viable Populations: Is There a ‘Magic Number’ for Conservation Practitioners?
Review Minimum viable populations: is there a ‘magic number’ for conservation practitioners? Curtis H. Flather1, Gregory D. Hayward2,3, Steven R. Beissinger4 and Philip A. Stephens5 1 USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA 2 USDA Forest Service, Alaska Region, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA 3 Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 80271, USA 4 Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA 5 School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK Establishing species conservation priorities and recov- The need to make rapid decisions about conservation ery goals is often enhanced by extinction risk estimates. targets, often in the absence of necessary data, has The need to set goals, even in data-deficient situations, prompted interest in identifying robust, general guidelines has prompted researchers to ask whether general guide- for MVPs [15,16]. Taking advantage of growing access to lines could replace individual estimates of extinction population and life-history data for large numbers of spe- risk. To inform conservation policy, recent studies have cies, several recent papers [17–20] explore the credibility of revived the concept of the minimum viable population a lower limit to robust MVPs. Despite apparent caution (MVP), the population size required to provide some about overinterpreting the strength of evidence, the most specified probability of persistence for a given period recent review [20] asserts that ‘[t]he bottom line is that of time. These studies conclude that long-term persis- both the evolutionary and demographic constraints on tence requires 5000 adult individuals, an MVP thresh- populations require sizes to be at least 5000 adult individ- old that is unaffected by taxonomy, life history or uals.’ A popular science summary of the article goes fur- environmental conditions. -
Newsletter Number 86
The Palaeontology Newsletter Contents 86 Editorial 2 Association Business 3 Outreach and Education Grants 27 Association Meetings 28 From our correspondents Darwin’s diffidence 33 R for palaeontologists: Introduction 2 40 Future meetings of other bodies 48 Meeting Reports 55 Obituary Dolf Seilacher 64 Sylvester-Bradley reports 67 Outside the Box: independence 80 Publicity Officer: old seas, new fossils 83 Book Reviews 86 Books available to review 90 Palaeontology vol 57 parts 3 & 4 91–92 Special Papers in Palaeontology 91 93 Reminder: The deadline for copy for Issue no 87 is 13th October 2014. On the Web: <http://www.palass.org/> ISSN: 0954-9900 Newsletter 86 2 Editorial You know you are getting pedantic when you find yourself reading the Constitution of the Palaeontological Association, but the third article does serve as a significant guide to the programme of activities the Association undertakes. The aim of the Association is to promote research in Palaeontology and its allied sciences by (a) holding public meetings for the reading of original papers and the delivery of lectures, (b) demonstration and publication, and (c) by such other means as the Council may determine. Council has taken a significant step under categories (b) and (c) above, by committing significant funds, relative to spending on research and travel, to Outreach and Education projects (see p. 27 for more details). This is a chance for the membership of the Association to explore a range of ways of widening public awareness and participation in palaeontology that is led by palaeontologists. Not by universities, not by research councils or other funding bodies with broader portfolios. -
Biology Essential Curriculum Unit 1: Biodiversity and Stability
Biology Essential Curriculum Unit 1: Biodiversity and Stability (Macroecology) Use a mathematical model to describe the transfer of energy and matter from one trophic level to another and how that energy and matter is conserved as it cycles through ecosystems.(HS-LS 2-4) Use computational representations to explain what affects carrying capacity. (HS-LS 2-1) Using graphical comparisons of data, analyze the trends of factors affecting biodiversity on the health of populations within different trophic levels of an ecosystem. (HS-LS 2-2) Evaluate how changes in environmental conditions impact the complex interactions of organisms within an ecosystem and how alterations of the conditions may result in new ecosystems. (HS-LS 2-6) Unit 2: Cycling Matter and Energy Dynamics in Ecosystems (Molecular level) Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy, carbon dioxide and water into stored chemical energy of carbohydrates while releasing oxygen. (HS-LS1-5) Demonstrate how the atoms of sugar molecules combine with other elements to form amino acids and other large carbon-based molecules. (HS-LS1-6) Illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy. (HS-LS1-7) Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter from photosynthesis and respiration to explain the flow of energy in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. (HS-LS 2-3) Develop a model to show that photosynthesis and respiration are important components in exchanging carbon amongst the biosphere, atmosphere, oceans and geosphere. -
Global Human “Predation” on Plant Growth and Biomass
Received: 8 July 2019 | Revised: 2 February 2020 | Accepted: 18 February 2020 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13087 RESEARCH PAPER Global human “predation” on plant growth and biomass David G. Jenkins1 | Helmut Haberl2 | Karl-Heinz Erb2 | Andrew L. Nevai3 1Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA Abstract 2Institute of Social Ecology, University of Aim: Ecological theory is not often applied to human appropriation of net primary Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, production (HANPP), which estimates reduction of natural net primary production Vienna, Austria 3Department of Mathematics, University of (NPP) due to harvest and land use. Here we use predator–prey theory to evaluate Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA HANPP as “predation”. Macroecology and adaptive life history strategies also help Correspondence evaluate relationships among global terrestrial HANPP, NPP, and plant biomass (B). David G. Jenkins, Department of Biology, Location: Lands worldwide. University of Central Florida, 4110 Libra Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. Time period: 2000. Email: [email protected] Major taxa studied: Terrestrial plants. Editor: Irena Simova Methods: HANPP and potential NPP allometric scaling were estimated for terrestrial ecoregions (N = 819, for 86% of global land surface area) in the year 2000. HANPP and NPP scaling were compared and projected to current and year 2050 conditions. NPP scaling for potential versus actual conditions were also compared, as were bio- mass turnover rates (T; per year). Results: Global HANPP scales predictably with B; consistent with predator–prey the- ory, HANPP scaling is not clearly satiated at greater B. NPP scaling supports adaptive life history strategies theory. HANPP scaling is c. -
Joint Species Distributions Reveal the Combined Effects of Host Plants, Abiotic Factors and Species Competition As Drivers of Species Abundances in Fruit Flies
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.07.414326; this version posted April 26, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. RESEARCH ARTICLE Joint species distributions reveal the combined effects of host plants, abiotic factors and species competition as drivers of species abundances in fruit flies Benoit Facon1,*, Abir Hafsi2,*, Maud Charlery de la Masselière2, 3 4 5 3 Stéphane Robin , François Massol , Maxime Dubart , Julien Chiquet , Enric Frago6, Frédéric Chiroleu2, Pierre-François Duyck2,7 & Virginie Ravigné2 1 Cite as: Facon B, Hafsi A, Charlery de INRAE, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France la Masselière M, Robin S, Massol F, 2 CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, F-97410 Saint Pierre, France Dubart M, Chiquet J, Frago E, 3 Chiroleu F, Duyck P-F, Ravigné V Laboratoire MMIP – UMR INRA 518/AgroParisTech, Paris, France (2021) Joint species distributions 4 Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL reveal the combined effects of host - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France plants, abiotic factors and species 5 competition as drivers of community Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8198 – Evo-Eco-Paleo, F-59000 Lille, France structure in fruit flies. bioRxiv, 6 CIRAD, UMR CBGP, France 2020.12.07.414326. ver. 4 peer- 7 reviewed and recommended by Peer IAC, Equipe ARBOREAL, BP 98857, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie community in Ecology. -
New Insights Into Oviposition Preference of 5 Trichogramma Species Joël Meunier
New insights into oviposition preference of 5 Trichogramma species Joël Meunier To cite this version: Joël Meunier. New insights into oviposition preference of 5 Trichogramma species. 2021, pp.100008. 10.24072/pci.zool.100008. hal-03325559 HAL Id: hal-03325559 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03325559 Submitted on 25 Aug 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. New insights into oviposition preference of 5 Trichogramma species Joel Meunier based on reviews by Kévin Tougeron and Eveline C. Verhulst A recommendation of: Up and to the light: intra- and interspecific variability of photo- and geo- tactic oviposition preferences in genus Trichogramma Burte, V., Perez, G., Ayed, F. , Groussier, G., Mailleret, L., van Oudenhove, L. and Calcagno, V.(2021), bioRxiv, 2021.03.30.437671, ver. 4 peer-reviewed and recommended by Peer Community in Zoology Open Access https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.30.437671 Submitted: 02 April 2021, Recommended: 17 August 2021 Published: 25 August 2021 Recommendation Copyright: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Insects exhibit a great diversity of life-history traits that often vary not only Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.