DOCSLIB.ORG

Archiv Für Naturgeschichte

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Archiv Für Naturgeschichte © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at I. Mammalia für 1908. Von Dr. Theodor Knottnerus- Meyer mit Unterstützung' von Walter Freiherpn Taets von Amerongen. (Das Inhaltsverzeichnis befindet sich am Schlüsse des Berichtes.) I. Verzeichnis der Veröffentlichungen. Abel, 0. Genealogical History of the Marine Mammals. Ann. Eep. Smithson. Inst. Washington 1908, 24 S., 27 Abb. — (2). Angriffswaffen und Verteidigungsmittel fossiler Wirbel- tiere. Verhandl. Zool-botan. Gesellsch. Wien. 1908, Bd. 58, S. 207 —217, 47 Textbilder. Von Säugetieren werden besprochen: Machairodus neogaeus, Elephas columbi, Glyptodon mit seinen Schwanzstacheln, Doedicurus clavicaudatus, Arsinoitherium, Ceratogaulus, Efigaulus, Elasmotherium sibiricum, Sivatherium giganteum mit Schädelprotuberanzen und Knochenzapfen. — (3). Die Anwendung der Röntgenstrahlen in der Paläontologie. Ebenda, S. 232—234. A. bespricht die Durchleuchtung eines Falles von Grypotherium domesticum im BerUner Zoolog. Museum. — (4). Neuere Studien über die Systematik und Stammes- geschichte der Halbaffen und über den Fund eines angeblichen Vor- in Tetraprothomo argentinus). Ebenda fahren des Menschen Südamerika ( S. 35—38. Bespricht Schlossers Systematik der Primates (1907). A. glaubt, daß die älteste Geschichte der Primates auf nordamerikanischem Boden fällt, und weist auf Metacheiromys marshi Wortner aus dem nordamerikanischen Eozän, einen Verwandten von Chiromys madagascariensis hin. Den Ameghinoschen Tetraprothomo stellt A. zu den Lemuroidea. — (5). Unsere gegenwärtige Kenntnis über den Bau und die Lebens- weise von Diprotodon australis. Ebenda, S. 44—47, Abbild. Diprotodon Bennettii und D.longiceps sind Abarten von D. australis. D. minor dagegen ist eine selbständige Art. D. australis hat besonders charakteristischen Fußbau und ist ein dem Wombat ähnliches Tier. — (6). Die Morphologie der Hüftbeinrudimente der Cetacea. Denkschr. k. k. Akad. Wien. B. 81, S. 139—196, 50 Figg. A. untersuchte das Hüftbein der Sirenia und Cetacea, Eotherium, Eosiren, HalitJierium, Metaxytherium, Halicore, Manatus, Rhytina, Balaena, Balaenoptera, Euhalaena, Megaptera, Physeter, Mesoplodon, Phocaena, Lagenorhynchus und beschreibt den Gang der Rückbildung. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 75. Jahrg. 1909. Bd. IJ. H. 1. (1.) 1 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 2 I. Mammalia für 1908. A. 1. H. Pictograplis of Arrows in French Cares. Nature, London 1908, S. 178. Bringt das Bild eines Bison bonasus aus einer Höhle der fran- zösischen Pyrenäen. Acconei. Ricerche sull' innervazione dell' utero umano. Fol. Gynaecol. Pavia Bd. I, S. 61—66, Tafeln. Aciiard, Ch. u. Aynaud, HI. Forme et mouvements des globulins du Sang. Compt. Rend. Sog. Biol. Bd. 64, S. 341—342. Verff. beobachteten an den Blutplättchen von Asinus asinus unter dem Einflüsse bestimmter Temperatur amöboide Bewegungen, die sie als Ausdruck der Lebenstätigkeit ansehen. Adloff, P. (1). Zur Frage der Konkrescenztheorie. Jen. Zeitschr. f. Naturw. Jena 1908, S. 530—536. Polemik gegen Dependorf, der die Konkrescenztheorie als keine genügende Erklärung für die Entstehung des Säugetier- gebisses ansieht. A. untersuchte besonders Rodentia. — (3). Die Differenzierung des Pnma^ew- Gebisses. Zeitschr. f. Morphol. u. Anthropol. Stuttgart. Bd. 11, S. 377—384. Verteidigt seine Anschauungen über die Reduktion der Prä- molaren des Gebisses der Primates. — (3). Das Gebiß des Menschen und der Anthropomorfha. Ver- gleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen. Zugleich ein Beitrag zur menschhchen Stammesgeschichte. Berlin, 164, 9 Figg., 27 Tafeln. Beschreibt das Gebiß von Anthropopithecus, Pithecus, Gorilla gorilla, G. heringei, Hylobates, Pliopithecus, Dryopithecus, Neopithecus, Griphopithecus, Pithecanthropus, Palaeopithecus. Pliopithecus steht Hylobates nahe. Die systematische Stellung der anderen fossilen Gattungen ist unsicher. A. führt die Spaltung des Pnma^ew- Stamm- baumes bis auf die Creodonta zurück. Agosti, Franc. Ricerche sulla distribuzione dei nervi nella milza. Atti Acad. Sei. Turin. Bd. 43, S. 801—808, Tafel. A. untersuchte den Fasernverlauf in der Milz von Felis domestica und bestätigt frühere Angaben. Alagna, CJaspare (I). Contributo allo studio del reticolo adenoide© e dei vasi della tonsilla palatina. Anatom. Anz. Bd. 32, S. 178—189, 6 Figg. A. untersuchte mit Leraditis Silberimprägnation die Gaumen- tonsille an Canis, Felis, Oryctolagus. Er unterscheidet intra- und perifolliculäres Tonsillgewebe, bespricht weiter die intraepitheHalen Blutgefäße. — (3). Osservazioni sulla struttura della tonsilla palatina. Ebenda, Bd. 33, S. 206—216, 5 Figg. Epithelperlen sind in der Gaumentonsille von Canis reichlich vorhanden. Alborenque, I. M. Funcion de los conos y bantoncillas de la retina. Trab. Lab. Fis. Cordoba Argent. Bd. I, S. 95—105, Taf. 48—52. In der Retina von Didelphys fehlen nur die Zapfen, sonst gleicht sie der von Homo. © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at I. Mamma] ia für 1908. 3 Albreclit. Zur Struktur des jugendlichen Bindegewebes. Verh. Deutsch. Pathol. Gcsellsch. 11. Tag., S. 4—9. Alezais, Les faisceaux d'origine du flechisseur perforant des doigts. Bibl. Anat. Paris, Bd. 18, S. 162—165. A. beschreibt das Verhältnis zwischen dem brachialen und anti- brachialen Ursprünge des Flexor digiti. Je mehr die Finger zum Klettern und Graben u. a. verwendet werden, desto mehr sind die Ursprünge antibrachial. Untersucht wurden Papio, Talpa, Ovis, Tafusia. Allen, Glover M. Notes on Chiroptera. Bull. Mus. Compar. Zool. Harvard. Univ. 1908. Bd. II, No. 3, S. 25—62, 1 Tafel. Gibt eine Übersicht über die Sammlung des Museums und fügt bei selteneren Arten Maßangaben hinzu. Beschrieben werden Ptero- podidae, Emballonuridae, Rhinolophidae, Phyllostomatidae, Vespertilio- nidae und Molossidae. Neu beschrieben werden je eine Art der Gattungen Pteropus, Lonchophylla, Vampyrodes, Scahrifer und Plecotus. S. ^) Allen, J. A. (I). Pennants Indian Zoology. Bull. Am. Mus. Natur. Hist. Bd. 24, 1908, S. 111—116. Nomenklatorische Arbeit über die von Pennant beschriebenen indischen Tiere, deren Benennung durch Forster und in der Jetztzeit. — {%). On the North Atlantic Right Whale and its near allies. Ebenda, S. 277—329, Taf. 11—24, 1 textbild. A. geht zunächst auf die Geschichte der Art ein, ihre Unterscheidung vom Grönlandwal, den Ursprung der Namen Balaena hiscayensis und B. cisarctica, B. trentina und wendet sich dann der Systematik und Nomenklatur zu. Der gültige Name ist Euhalaena cjlacialis. So- dann behandelt A. die geographische Verbreitung, sowie die Mor- phologie und Osteologie mit Maßangaben. — (3). The Peary Caribou {Tarandus peary Allen). Ebenda, S. 487—504, 12 Textbilder. Es handelt sich um Tiere, die in Nord- Grönland erbeutet wurden, und auf Grund dieses Materials ergänzt A. die Beschreibung oben- genannter, zuerst auf EUesmereland erbeuteter Art. Er beschreibt besonders das Geweih und die Verbreitung. Die Unterschiede von T. arcticus und T. groenlandicus und bringt eine große Anzahl von Schädelraaßen. — (4). Notes on Solenodon paradoxus Brandt. Ebenda, S. 505 —517, Taf. 18—23, 9 Textbilder. A. vergleicht Solenodon paradoxus mit S. cubanus und beschreibt jene eingehend. Zum Schluße folgen vergleichende Maße beider Arten. — (5). Mammalogical Notes. I—VI. Ebenda, S. 579—589, 4 Textbilder. A. bespricht zusammengewachsene Prämolaren an einem Artiheus quadrivittatus, dann beschreibt er Fledermäuse von San Domingo, aus den Gattungen Chilonycteris, Ortopterus, Artiheus und je eine ^) Das S verweist auf den systematischen Teil IV, in dem die Arten aufgezählt sind. F verweist auf Teil III, Faunistik. 1* © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 4 I. Mammalia für 1908. neue Art der Gattungen Ärdops und Molossus. Ferner werden der Typ der Gattung Sciuropterus {Sc. volans L.), sowie die typische Herkunftsart von Tarandus arcticus, die nördliche Verbreitung von Tarandus und Canis latrans, l. l. pallidus, sowie der Gattungsname Galera Browne behandelt. S. — (6). Mammals from Nicaragua. Ebenda, S. 647—670, 12 Text- bilder. A. beschreibt 59 Arten, darunter als neu Arten und Unterarten der Gattungen Lepus, Heteromys, Neotoma, Oryzomys, Sigmodon, Ototyglomys, Peromyscus, Sciurus, Helictis, Lutra, Bassaricyon, Blarina, Artibeus und Alouata und stellt neu die Gattung Hoplomys mit einer neuen Art auf. S, F. Amato, Alessandro. Contributo allo studio dell' origine delle Plasmazellen. Lo. Sperimetale, Florenz, Jahrg. 62, S. 496—502. Ameghino, Florentino. Sobre dos esquellos de mamiferos fosiles armados recientemente en el Museo Nacional. Ann. Mus. Nacion. Buenos Aires 1908, S. 35—43, 4 Textb. A. beschreibt Hippidion bonaerensis und H. milodon bonaerensis und vergleicht die Skelette mit denen von Equus caballus und Uncia tigris. — {%). Les Toxodontes ä come. Ebenda, S. 49—91, 20 Text- bilder. A. stellt Adinotherium zu den Nexodontidae, einer besonderen Familie, neben den Toxodontidae. Trigodon gehört einer dritten Fam. Haplodoniheriidae an. Zu dieser Famiüe zählen Haplodontherium, Toxodontherium, Stereotoxodon, Trigodon, Ceratoxodon. Die letztere Familie leitet A. von der Gattung Adinotherium, die Toxodontidae von Nesodon ab. A. beschreibt eine Art der Gattung Haplodontotherium, sechs Arten von Adinotherium und stellt die beiden neuen Gattungen Ceratoxodon und Noaditherium mit je einer neuen Art auf. S. — (3). Notas preliminares sobra el Tetraprothomo argentinus. Un precursor del hombre del mioceno superior de Monte Hermozo.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Constraints on the Timescale of Animal Evolutionary History
    Palaeontologia Electronica palaeo-electronica.org Constraints on the timescale of animal evolutionary history Michael J. Benton, Philip C.J. Donoghue, Robert J. Asher, Matt Friedman, Thomas J. Near, and Jakob Vinther ABSTRACT Dating the tree of life is a core endeavor in evolutionary biology. Rates of evolution are fundamental to nearly every evolutionary model and process. Rates need dates. There is much debate on the most appropriate and reasonable ways in which to date the tree of life, and recent work has highlighted some confusions and complexities that can be avoided. Whether phylogenetic trees are dated after they have been estab- lished, or as part of the process of tree finding, practitioners need to know which cali- brations to use. We emphasize the importance of identifying crown (not stem) fossils, levels of confidence in their attribution to the crown, current chronostratigraphic preci- sion, the primacy of the host geological formation and asymmetric confidence intervals. Here we present calibrations for 88 key nodes across the phylogeny of animals, rang- ing from the root of Metazoa to the last common ancestor of Homo sapiens. Close attention to detail is constantly required: for example, the classic bird-mammal date (base of crown Amniota) has often been given as 310-315 Ma; the 2014 international time scale indicates a minimum age of 318 Ma. Michael J. Benton. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Philip C.J. Donoghue. School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, U.K. [email protected] Robert J.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biology of Marine Mammals
    Romero, A. 2009. The Biology of Marine Mammals. The Biology of Marine Mammals Aldemaro Romero, Ph.D. Arkansas State University Jonesboro, AR 2009 2 INTRODUCTION Dear students, 3 Chapter 1 Introduction to Marine Mammals 1.1. Overture Humans have always been fascinated with marine mammals. These creatures have been the basis of mythical tales since Antiquity. For centuries naturalists classified them as fish. Today they are symbols of the environmental movement as well as the source of heated controversies: whether we are dealing with the clubbing pub seals in the Arctic or whaling by industrialized nations, marine mammals continue to be a hot issue in science, politics, economics, and ethics. But if we want to better understand these issues, we need to learn more about marine mammal biology. The problem is that, despite increased research efforts, only in the last two decades we have made significant progress in learning about these creatures. And yet, that knowledge is largely limited to a handful of species because they are either relatively easy to observe in nature or because they can be studied in captivity. Still, because of television documentaries, ‘coffee-table’ books, displays in many aquaria around the world, and a growing whale and dolphin watching industry, people believe that they have a certain familiarity with many species of marine mammals (for more on the relationship between humans and marine mammals such as whales, see Ellis 1991, Forestell 2002). As late as 2002, a new species of beaked whale was being reported (Delbout et al. 2002), in 2003 a new species of baleen whale was described (Wada et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Sirenia: an Outline
    Caryn Self-Sullivan, Daryl P. Domning, and Jorge Velez-Juarbe Last Updated: 8/1/14 Page 1 of 10 Evolution of the Sirenia: An Outline The order Sirenia is closely associated with a large group of hoofed mammals known as Tethytheria, which includes the extinct orders Desmostylia (hippopotamus-like marine mammals) and Embrithopoda (rhinoceros-like mammals). Sirenians probably split off from these relatives in the Palaeocene (65-54 mya) and quickly took to the water, dispersing to the New World. This outline attempts to order all the species described from the fossil record in chronological order within each of the recognized families of Prorastomidae, Protosirenidae, Dugongidae, and Trichechidae. This outline began as an exercise in preparation for my Ph. D. preliminary exams and is primarily based on decades of research and peer-reviewed literature by Dr. Daryl P. Domning, to whom I am eternally grateful. It has been recently updated with the help of Dr. Jorge Velez-Juarbe. However, this document continues to be a work-in-progress and not a peer reviewed publication! Ancestral line: Eritherium Order Proboscidea Elephantidae (elephants and mammoths) Mastodontidae Deinotheriidae Gomphotheriidae Ancestral line: Behemotops Order Desmostylia (only known extinct Order of marine mammal) Order Sirenia Illiger, 1811 Prorastomidae Protosirenidae Dr. Daryl Domning, Howard University, November 2007 Dugongidae with Metaxytherium skull. Photo © Caryn Self-Sullivan Trichechidae With only 5 species in 2 families known to modern man, you might be surprised to learn that the four extant species represent only a small fraction of the sirenians found in the fossil record. As of 2012, ~60 species have been described and placed in 4 families.
    [Show full text]
  • Article VIII.-FOSSIL SIRENIA of FLORIDA and the EVOLUTION of the SIRENIA by GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION
    56.9, 55 Article VIII.-FOSSIL SIRENIA OF FLORIDA AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE SIRENIA BY GEORGE GAYLORD SIMPSON CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 419 PREVIOUS KNOWLEDGE OF AMERICAN FOSSIL SIRENIA.420 SYNOPTIC CLASSIFICATION OF THE SIRENIA................................. 422 MIOCENE SIRENIA OF FLORIDA .......................................... 425 Occurrence............................................. 425 Materials............................................. 425 Taxonomy............................................. 426 Morphology............................... 427 Affinities ............................................. 442 POSSIBLE MIOCENE SIRENIA OF SOIUTH CAROLINA.. 443 PLIOCENE SIRENIA OF FLORIDA.. 445 Occurrence.. 445 Materials.. 446 Taxonomy.. 447 Morphology.. 448 Affinities .. 468 PLEISTOCENE SIRENIA OF FLORIDA.. 470 REVIEW OF OTHER TERTIARY SIRENIA.. 470 Eocene Sirenia.. 470 European Halitheriinse .. 474 Divergent European Lines.. 480 Other Genera.. 481 RECENT SIRENIA.. 482 Osteology of Recent Genera.. 482 Origin of Dugong. 482 Origin of Hydrodamalis. 485 Origin of Trichechus. 488 AFFINITIES OF THE SIRENIA.. 492 DISTRIBUTION OF THE SIRENIA .. 496 BIBLIOGRAPHY.. 500 INTRODUCTION Florida is one of the last strongholds of the sirenians in North America, as a small number of manatees there still withstand the on- slaught of civilization. It is a matter of peculiar interest that sirenians have long been abundant along its shores. In the shallow-water marine and estuarine deposits of the
    [Show full text]
  • Scientific Classification
    1/10/2015 seaworld.org/en/animal-info/animal-infobooks/manatee/scientific-classification/ PARKS KIDS SHOP ANIMALS CARE LANGUAGE Scientific Classification → Scientific Manatee Classification Scientific Classification Habitat & Distribution Physical Characteristics Senses Adaptations Communication Class Mammalia Behavior Diet & Eating Habits Reproduction Order Sirenia Birth & Care of Young 1. The living sirenians consist of three species of manatees and one species of dugong. Longevity & Causes of 2. The Greek name for this order is derived from the sirens of Greek mythology. Sirens were sea nymphs Death who lured sailors to their island with their mesmerizing songs. Conservation & Research Appendix Books For Young Readers Bibliography Sirenians are named for the sirens of Greek mythology. Family ­ Trichechidae And Dugongidae 1. All three species of manatees belong to the family Trichechidae. 2. The family Dugongidae includes the dugong found in the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. A second species, the Steller's sea cow was discovered in 1741 and hunted to extinction by 1768. This species lived primarily in the Commander Islands of the western Bering Sea. Genus, Species 1. Trichechus manatus, the West Indian manatee. There are two subspecies of the West Indian manatee: the Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and the Antillean manatee (Trichechus manatus manatus). These subspecies are distinguished by differences in cranial measurements and by their geographic distribution. 2. Trichechus senegalensis, the West African manatee. About the same size and shape of the West Indian manatee, the West African manatee differs in some important respects: position of the eyes, snout, and cranial bones. 3. Trichechus inunguis, the Amazonian manatee. The Amazonian manatee is the smallest of the manatees.
    [Show full text]
  • (Mammalia, Afrotheria) in Africa
    Cranial Remain from Tunisia Provides New Clues for the Origin and Evolution of Sirenia (Mammalia, Afrotheria) in Africa Julien Benoit, Sylvain Adnet, Essid El Mabrouk, Hayet Khayati, Mustapha Ben Haj Ali, Laurent Marivaux, Gilles Merzeraud, Samuel Merigeaud, Monique Vianey-Liaud, Rodolphe Tabuce To cite this version: Julien Benoit, Sylvain Adnet, Essid El Mabrouk, Hayet Khayati, Mustapha Ben Haj Ali, et al.. Cra- nial Remain from Tunisia Provides New Clues for the Origin and Evolution of Sirenia (Mammalia, Afrotheria) in Africa. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2013, 8 (1), pp.e54307. 10.1371/jour- nal.pone.0054307. hal-00807308 HAL Id: hal-00807308 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00807308 Submitted on 25 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License Cranial Remain from Tunisia Provides New Clues for the Origin and Evolution of Sirenia (Mammalia, Afrotheria) in Africa Julien Benoit1*, Sylvain Adnet1, Essid El Mabrouk2, Hayet Khayati2, Mustapha Ben Haj Ali2, Laurent Marivaux1, Gilles Merzeraud3, Samuel Merigeaud4, Monique Vianey-Liaud1, Rodolphe Tabuce1 1 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Universite´ Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France, 2 Office National des Mines, Tunis, Tunisia, 3 Ge´osciences Montpellier, Universite´ de Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France, 4 Service d’Imagerie Me´dicale de l’Hoˆpital Lapeyronie, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Abstract Sea cows (manatees, dugongs) are the only living marine mammals to feed solely on aquatic plants.
    [Show full text]
  • Morth American Eocene Sea Cows (Mammalia: Sirenia)
    rk r^^T'. -Morth American Eocene Sea Cows (Mammalia: Sirenia) DARYL p. DOMNfNG, GSK? S. MORGAN and CLAYTON E. RAY ITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It Is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge," This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smit/ison/an Contr/but/ons to Know/edge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: SmJthson/an Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • Sirenians and Sirens
    Foreword Sea cows are not closely related to cows. This common name stuck because they feed almost exclusively on sea grasses or other aquatic vegetation. In scientic literature, sea cows are often referred to as “sirenians.” Both terms are used interchangeably. There are two groups of extant (currently living) sea cows: the manatees of the Atlantic Ocean, and the dugongs of the Indian and Pacic Oceans. Although manatees and dugongs are both sea cows, and sirenians, they are quite different in many respects. From time to time, the fossilized bones of Dr. Daryl Domning examines a life-size skeletal reconstruction of the fteen-million-year-old sea cows erode from the fty million-year-old sea cow, Pezosiren portelli, from Jamaica. This four- legged sea cow was described and named by Dr. Daryl Domning in 2001. cliffs along the western shore of the Chesapeake The unpigmented [grey] bones have not yet been found as fossils. They Bay in Maryland. That sea cows were regular prehistoric were sculpted to complete this skeletal mount. © Calvert Marine Museum. inhabitants of this area tweaked my interest in this group of marine mammals. That sea cows were the inspiration Funding provided by: The Board of Editorial work: Paul Berry, Dr. Daryl for the origin of some mermaid myths kindled the interest of County Commissioners, the citizens of Domning, Karen Stone, Pat Fink Calvert County, Maryland, and Clarissa and Permission for use of gures on pages 28-30: other exhibit committee members and essentially guaranteed Lincoln Dryden Endowment for Meri Lao (www.sirenalatina.com) from her that I would be able to pursue research into the origin and Paleontology at the Calvert Marine Museum book, Sirens, Symbols of Seduction .
    [Show full text]
  • Late Eocene Sea Cows (Mammalia , Sirenia) from Wadi Al Hitan in the Fayum Basin, Egypt
    LATE EOCENE SEA COWS (MAMMALIA , SIRENIA) FROM WADI AL HITAN IN THE FAYUM BASIN, EGYPT by IYAD SALEH ZALMOUT A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Geology) in The University of Michigan 2008 Doctoral Committee: Professor Philip D. Gingerich, Chair Professor Daniel C. Fisher Professor Philip D. Myers Associate Research Scientist Gregg F. Gunnell Assistant Research Scientist William J. Sanders IYAD SALEH ZALMOUT © 2008 All Rights Reserved TO MY FAMILY ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to my committee members: to Philip D. Gingerich for his unwavering support, insight, enthusiasm, and generosity; for allowing me to describe the best sirenian specimens collected from the Tethys Sea; and for his considerable time and attention devoted to my training in the field of vertebrate paleontology. I thank Daniel C. Fisher for long insightful conversations, guidance, and helpful suggestions; Philip Myers for his experience in studying mammalian evolution and taxonomy ; William J. Sanders, whose interests and substantial contribution to this work are much appreciated; and Gregg F. Gunnell for his many helpful comments and for his help with the identification and management of specimens. I am also grateful to Daryl P. Domning of Howard University and the National Museum of Natural History for his guidance, valued discussion, and access to Eocene Sirenia of Jamaica as well as comparative material at the Smithsonian Institution. This work could not been achieved without the Egyptian government collaborations; thanks are due to the director and staff of Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency Dr. Mustafa Fouda, Mohammad S. A. Abdulhamid, Mohammed Talaat El- Hennawy; Mohammad Al Hakeem, Yusri Attia, Majdi Zakaria, Ehab El-Sady, and Medhat Al Said of the Geological Museum of Egypt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolutionary History of Manatees Told by Their Mitogenomes
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The evolutionary history of manatees told by their mitogenomes Érica Martinha Silva de Souza1,9*, Lucas Freitas1,9, Elisa Karen da Silva Ramos1,9, Giovanna Selleghin‑Veiga1,9, Michelle Carneiro Rachid‑Ribeiro1,9, Felipe André Silva1, Miriam Marmontel2, Fabrício Rodrigues dos Santos3, Anne Laudisoit4, Erik Verheyen5,6, Daryl P. Domning7,8 & Mariana Freitas Nery1,9* The manatee family encompasses three extant congeneric species: Trichechus senegalensis (African manatee), T. inunguis (Amazonian manatee), and T. manatus (West Indian manatee). The fossil record for manatees is scant, and few phylogenetic studies have focused on their evolutionary history. We use full mitogenomes of all extant manatee species to infer the divergence dates and biogeographical histories of these species and the efect of natural selection on their mitogenomes. The complete mitochondrial genomes of T. inunguis (16,851 bp), T. senegalensis (16,882 bp), and T. manatus (16,882 bp), comprise 13 protein‑coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA ‑ 12S and 16S), and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA), and (D‑loop/CR). Our analyses show that the frst split within Trichechus occurred during the Late Miocene (posterior mean 6.56 Ma and 95% HPD 3.81–10.66 Ma), followed by a diversifcation event in the Plio‑Pleistocene (posterior mean 1.34 Ma, 95% HPD 0.1–4.23) in the clade composed by T. inunguis and T. manatus; T. senegalensis is the sister group of this clade with higher support values (pp > 0.90). The branch‑site test identifed positive selection on T. inunguis in the 181st position of the ND4 amino acid gene (LRT = 6.06, p = 0.0069, BEB posterior probability = 0.96).
    [Show full text]
  • First Adequately-Known Quadrupedal Sirenian from Eurasia (Eocene, Bay of Biscay, Huesca, Northeastern Spain)
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN First adequately-known quadrupedal sirenian from Eurasia (Eocene, Bay of Biscay, Huesca, Received: 25 October 2017 Accepted: 2 March 2018 northeastern Spain) Published: xx xx xxxx Ester Díaz-Berenguer 1, Ainara Badiola2, Miguel Moreno-Azanza 3 & José Ignacio Canudo1 Sirenians are the only extant herbivorous mammals fully adapted to an aquatic lifestyle. They originated in Africa during the Paleocene from an undetermined clade of afrotherian mammals, and by the end of the Eocene they were widely distributed across the tropical latitudes. Here we introduce Sobrarbesiren cardieli gen. et sp. nov. It is the frst adequately-known quadrupedal sirenian from Eurasia and the oldest record of this clade from western Europe. Fossils have been recovered from the middle Lutetian (SBZ15) site of Castejón de Sobrarbe-41 (Huesca, Spain), and comprise many cranial and postcranial remains, including pelvic girdle and hind limb bones, from at least six sirenian individuals of diferent ontogenetic stages. Sobrarbesiren shows a suite of characters previously considered synapomorphies of diferent clades of derived sirenians, such as the presence of the processus retroversus of the squamosal and the pterygoid fossa, combined with ancestral characters such as the presence of an alisphenoid canal, a permanent P5, at least two sacral vertebrae, a primitive pelvis and functional femora and fbulae. Sobrarbesiren is recovered as the sister taxon of Dugongidae and represents a transitional stage of adaptation to aquatic life between the amphibious quadrupedal prorastomids and the aquatic quadrupedal protosirenids. Sirenians originated from an undetermined clade of afrotherian mammals in the Paleocene1. Te fossil record of the group starts in the late early Eocene of the West Atlantic coast and Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Los Dugones De Urumaco
    Capítulo 19 Los Dugones de Urumaco Daisuke Koyabu y Rodolfo Sánchez Los Sirenia son mamíferos acuáticos emparentados con los elefan- tes pero con características morfológicas muy distintas a ellos. El cuerpo alargado, la carencia de pelaje, la forma propulsora de la cola, los miembros anteriores transformados en aletas y los poste- riores reducidos, son características de los sirenios que los vincu- lan a la vida acuática. Estos animales son herbívoros y se dividen en dos grupos: los dugones, con una sola especie viviente (Dugong dugon) y los manatíes, con tres especies vivientes reunidas en un sólo género, Trichecus. Dugong dugon se encuentra en las aguas costeras de latitudes tropicales y sub-tropicales del Océano Indo- Pacífico, en Africa, India y el norte de Australia. Los manatíes se distribuyen en las aguas salobres del Caribe, el Amazonas y el Orinoco, y el Oeste de Africa. En Venezuela existen dos especies: Trichechus inunguis y Trichechus manatus. Los Sirenia fósiles son fácilmente distinguibles debido a lo singular que resultan muchas partes del esqueleto. Correlaciona- do con una dieta basada en gramíneas acuáticas, la mandíbula tie- ne una proyección inferior en su parte delantera en forma de pala que le permite a los sirenios excavar el sustrato para extraer los vegetales. Asimismo, los dientes incisivos superiores tienen forma de colmillo. Los Sirenia tuvieron antecesores terrestres. De hecho, la es- pecie fósil Prorastomus sirenoides, que vivió hace unos 50 millones de años en el Eoceno medio de Jamaica, presentaba una combina- ción de rasgos acuáticos y terrestres. Del Eoceno medio de Egipto, Pakistán y de la costa del Golfo de México se conoce Protosiren fra- Book 1.indb 301 29.08.2012 14:17:02 Book 1.indb 302 Koyabu ySánchez Koyabu 302 Taxón Familia Localidad Época Prorastomus sirenoides Prorastomidae Jamaica Eoceno temprano Pezosiren portelli Prorastomidae Jamaica Eoceno temprano Protosiren Protosirenidae Egipto, Pakistan, EE.UU.
    [Show full text]