February 25, 1974 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4117 Mark G. Williamson Gary F. Wines Douglas L. Wood Steven C. Wry Robert L. Young Paul E. Ziegler, Jr. Willlam J. WilliamsonCharles D. Wise Johnny A. Wood Stanley G. Stewart G. Young .Robert R. Zimmerman David L. Willis Larry V. Wise Michael S. Woodson Wylazlowski Kenneth W. Zebal Andrew D. Zinn John A. Woodward Patrick D. Wynn Cornell A. Wilson, Jr. Merton T. Witham Joseph M. Zeimetz David A. Zucker Eugene S. Wilson, Jr. Donald E. Wolf Larry K. Worthington Stephen M. Yoakem Larry S. Wilson Thomas V. Wolf Lee A. Wright Stephen T. York George E. Zhookofl' Edward D. Wilt Douglas K. Wood Roger J. Wright Paul M. Young, Jr.
EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS I do su_ggest it ·oecause I know, as Lincoln PRESIDENT NOTES 165TH ANNIVER and firm no matter how harsh or unfair the criticism might be. would have known, that in today's world SARY OF LINCOLN'S BIRTH These elements of greatness, of course, in without America and its strength and its spired us all today. The particular factor will and its respect and its determination, HON~ that I wolild like to address, how.ever,, ls peace and freedom will not survive in the LESLIE C. ARENDS one that Mr. Whitaker has alluded to in his world. What a great challenge for a great OF ILLINOIS .,gracious introduction. It has to do with Lin people. IN THE EIOUSE OF REPRESENTATNES coln's vision about America's role in the I conclude simply by paraphrasing what world. Lincoln said so many years ago so much Monday, February 25, 1974 What we sometimes forget is that Abraham more eloquently, we could meanly lose what Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, each year Lincoln was a world statesman at the time is mankind's last best hope for peace and throngs of Americans and foreign tour that America. w.as not a world power. Here on freedom, but we could also nobly save it. these walls are inscribed many of his very Abraham Lincoln, who saved the Union, ists in Washington pay tnibute to .our :familiar usages. One from the .aecond In would say to us today, let this great Union, Nation's m-0st revered President, Abra augural comes to mind when Lincoln said, North, South, East and West, now save the ham Lincoln. No visit to the Nation's "To do all that we may to achieve anc\ to cause of peace and freedom for the whole .Capital is com.Plete without stopping at cherish a just a.nd lasting peaee among our world. the impressive Llncoln Memorial. selves and between all Nations." This is Lin 'Thank you. As many of our Presidents have d-one coln 110 years ago. before him, Richard Nixon also paused When America, torn by civil strife, and on February 12 to bonor this great when America, even after it was united with DISTURBED CHILDREN: THE RIGH'r both the North and South working together TO LEARN American and most famous citizen of my to build a. grea;ter country could not and state of Illlnois. would not even p1ay a great role in the world Under leave to extend mY remarks in for yea.l's and -years to come, and yet Lincoln Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke the REcoRD, I include Pr-efildent Nbron's with that mystical sense of destiny and vi OF CALIFORNIA tribute delivered a.t a wreath-laying s-ion saw it all ahead when he said, -ours ceremony at the Lincoln Memorial on the is-earth's last, best hope." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES 1'65th anni;versary of Abraham Lineoln's And now we come to today, 110 years later. Monday, February 25, 1974 Even Lincoln would have marveled if he were birth-: living today. This .Nation now, the strongest Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. .REJICARKS OF THE iPRESIDENll' AT A WR£ATH Nation in the worla, the richest Nation by Speaker, in my continuing effort to in LA:l"ING CEREMONY -ON THE 165TH ANNI far in "the world and a Nation greatly re iorm my colleagues of the need to pro V~R.s.\BY OF ABRA!HAl\C LINCOLN'S BmTH spected all over the world, and the question vide meaningful Federal resources to All of the distinguished guests on the plat- he would have asked, as we must ask .our !orm and ladies .and gentlemen and our selves is, how will history look back on our educate and treat our handicapped .chil guests who are listening on radio and tele time? Wilat did we do with our strength'? dren, I am inserting an article from the vision: Wh'at did we do with our wealth? Did we Washington Post of February 22, 1974, As I was reading about the Lincoln use it only for ourselves, or did we recognize by George F. Will of the successes of spe .Memorial before ooming down here this as Lincoln recognized that we had a destiny cial schools in educating schizophrenics, morning, I found that of all the great his far beyond this great Nation, looki~ out psychotics, and autistics. :OOricaJ. sights in the Washington area, the over the whole wide world. 'Beleaguered parents trying desperately Lincoln Memorial is visited more often than These thoughts come to mind that Linooln to find education for their handicapped .any other by far, might well have advised us: One, that in As a. ~tter of fact, I have learned, I wJ11 this period of time that America was never children have been turned away because 'Sa.Y to Mr. Walker olf the Park Service, that petulant simply because we do not get our State laws refused to :,,Jrovlde educational the Memorial has been visited so often and way in the world councils every time, that .services to those they considered un has .received. so much wear and tear that it America did not bully weaker nations sim educable. Now, .after some successful perhaps is going to have to have some sub _ply because we were stronger, that America .class action suits, States are being forced stantial work done to build it back up so always used it-s strength, certainly in this to acknowledge the basic right of all chil tha.t it can take a.11 the traffic. century at least, used its strength to -0.efend dren, including those children who are The question that I would like to address ..freedom and never to destroy it, to keep the briefly this morning on Lincoln's birthday peace and 'to defend the peace and never to severely handicapped, to publicly sup 1s why, why is Lincoln, of -all the American break it. ported education. What is developing is Presidents, more revered not only in America I think !Jincoln also would have had this a constitutional principle that says that but in the world? admonition to his fellow Americans on such basic State services, like educ;ation, must There are several reasons that come to an occasion as this in thls particular period be afforded citizens despite the expense mind. He freed the slaves. He saved the in our history. He would have hoped that involved. As Mr. Will points out: ·union. He died of an assassin's bullet just America with its strength and its wealth An insufficiency of funds will not be al at the height of his career at the end of the would not turn away from greatness despit.e War between the States. lowed to bear more heavily on handicapped the fact that some other nations in the children than on normal children. Then there aTe other factors which come world turn inward falling to assume their to mind: The Lincoln character which has responsibilities for building a. peaceful world. I am hopeful that the Developmental been described in so many, many hundredS Lincoln would have said, a great nati-0n, Disabilities Act of ~70, which is of books, much better than I can describe it a strong nation, a rich nation and a great presently being considered by the Sub Jn a few w<>rds, the humility, 'the humor, the people will use their strength and their feeling and kindness for people, but perhaps committee on Pub1ic Health and En wealth to build a world in which peace and will mo.re than anything else the strength, the freedom can survive for themselves and for vironment, recognize these same con poise under pressure. others as well. This, I think, is the Lincoln cepts and assure that the new Develop When we examine the American Presi heritage for today. It is the Lincoln admoni mental Disabilities Act of 1974 provides dents, it is quite clear that no President in tion for tomorrow and I would trust for the for a full range of services t..o all children 'history has been more vilified or was more next generation and perhaps for the next who are severely handicapped clue to .a vilified during the time he was President century. medically determinable physical or men than Lincoln. I do not suggest all of this in any sense tal impairment. Those who knew him, his secretaries, have that America wants to dominate any other written that he was very deeply hurt by country, because we do not. I do not sug The article follows.: what was said about him and drawn about gest this because America wants strength DISTURBED CHILDREN; THE .RlGHT TPennsylvania school system of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to increase the general public awareness the obligation to educate children certified Monday, February 25, 1974 of their existence and, hopefully, to en as "uneducable." Then an organization rep courage other dedicated people to enter resenting retarded children sued, arguing Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. politics. Perhaps my modest contribution that the "equal protection" clause of the Speaker, as you know, I have felt for may even minutely hasten the day when Constitution requires that when a state some time that it will be necessary for us "politics" will no longer be a dirty word offers a service, like education, to an entire to impeach Richard Nixon if our Repub in the mind of the average American. class, like children, it may not arbitrarily lican colleagues are unable to persuade exclude any portion of that class, like re· One of these young patriots is Dr. tarded children. him to resign in the near future. Our David Lopez-Lee of Los Angeles, Calif. The crux of the matter is: What exclusion beloved Nation simply cannot continue David Lopez-Lee is the Nation's only full is arbitrary? Some state laws stipulate that to tolerate the strain which is imposed time Mexican-American professor of the state has no responsiblllty for children upon our citizenry by the various illegal public administration. He was born and "unable mentally or physically to profit from and immoral activities which have be raised in Boyle Heights, the barrio sec attendance at school." The danger is that come the hallmark of the Nixon adminis tion of Los Angeles, and has been active suits on behalf of handicapped children will tration; we in the Congress must not for years in various community and hu be declared nonjusticiable for la.ck of "man· follow the example of the Romans nearly agea.ble standards" regarding the educational manitarian programs and projects. Dr. needs of the approximately 5 million such 2,000 years ago who watched Nero fiddle Lopez-Lee has been a counselor with the children in America. while the city burned. Lincoln Heights-East Los Angeles Teen This is where the incredibly tough (as well Unfortunately, Mr. Speaker, the ill Post, research director with Project as tender) professionals of the Manhattan e:ff ects of Watergate and the various Arriba and with a local delinquency pre School come in. Together they and the chil· other scandals associated with this ad vention program, director of a food cara dren, in heart-rendering daily acts af pa ministration will not simply disappear van to the Delano farmworkers, and tience and heroism, are demonstrating that with the impeachment and conviction of even the most disturbed children can benefit chairman of the Committee for a Better the current resident of the White House; Los Angeles. from attendance at the right kind of school. they will be with us for some time to And if you don't think this is a heroic David Lopez-Lee received his Ph. D. enterprise, look through the glass door panel come. One of the worst of these e:ff ects from UCLA in 1969 and currently is a as a. petite teacher working with three ter has been a tremendous increase in the professor at the University of Southern ribly disturbed children-one hyperactive, cynicism felt by most of the public California. He serves as a consultant to one nearly catatonic, one just bewildered toward the people they have elected to the Association of Mexican-American performs the small miracle of getting them represent them in public omce. Those of Editors and is general editor of the Jour settled at a table for an orderly lunch us who serve in public omce are aware nal of Comparative Cultures. He is the together. that some of this cynicism is deserved, Most of the children at the school are so author of at least 36 published articles disturbed that they cannot cope with time since there are dishonest men and that I know of, and is widely respected and space; they cannot order their lives. women in politics, just as there are dis as an expert in several diverse fields. In Lacking such a school they would be con honest bankers, engineers, plumbers, and the course of his work he has been signed to institutions, or left at home with doctors-frankly, it would be hard to granted security clearance by the U.S. desperate and hopeless parents. But these imagine an occupation which has not Government. And to top it all o:ff David children are lucky to be in New York, where been used by dishonest persons to fur Lopez-Lee is one of the hardest working public funds largely support the Manhattan ther their own interests at one time or individuals it has ever been my pleasure School. Some of them will make enough another. The sad thing about this indis progress-albeit excruciatingly arduous-to to meet. live as adults in the community. Meanwhile, criminate cynicism toward politicians, Dr. Lopez-Lee is currently in the mid they all live at home. however, is the fact that the very persons dle of a very unusual campaign for a The offi.cials at the school know that the who could do the most to improve the seat on the Los Angeles City Council most effi.cient way to advance the legal rights situation-the bright, young, honest, and unusual in several respects, but perhaps of handicapped children is to demonstrate idealistic men and women who demon most of all for the fact that he has very that they can be helped by education. In strated both their abilities and their little money and is hoping to win, there the process, the school must show that it is concern for our country in the various not enough tor the state just to provide a fore, not by the usual bilboards and warehousing operation for the handicap humanitarian movements of the 1960's computer mass mailings, but rather by ped-a "classroom" and an untrained cus these people are, for the most part, un personally visiting and talking with as todian. A ratio of one real teacher for every willing to involve themselves in the for many of the individual residents of Los three pupils ls necessary to meet the pupils' mal political process simply because they Angeles's 14th Councilmanic District as educational needs. see it as so corrupt. And so the problem he possibly can. He has already visited The cost per student of such education is feeds upon itself: those who could best literally thousands of these citizens, .more than the cost for normal children. But increase the quality of representation at and-while I realize that it is hard to February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4119 beat opponents who can outspend you of Thanskglvlng, I would like to give my advantage and some weak-kneed Republi thanks to the great State of Georgia. cans trying to follow the crowd, cheered on several times-I have seen Dr. Lopez I am a girl, 12 years old, and in the 7th by television commentators, we again joined Lee's dedication, and I fully expect him grade and my ambition ls to become a U.S. the wolf pack in full cry after someone's soon to be sitting on the council. senator. jugular! I might add, Mr. Speaker, that many In the past few months I have managed to We conveniently ignored the fact that of the citizens of Los Angeles are Mexi write to all 100 U.S. senators. I think they other saints such as Ralph Nader's attorney can-American, including about two are all wonderful and love them all, but had become sinners also, that during the thirds of the residents of the 14th Dis a few a.re exceptional. The greatest exception same period of time our nation found peace of all is why I'm writing. for the first time in a decade, that our bal trict, yet none of the 15 members of the I would like to give my thanks to the ance of payments was brought back into city council has been a Mexican-Ameri people Of Georgia for having the good ta.site line, that the good offi.ces of the United States can since our esteemed colleague and my and good judgment to elect Sen. Herman E. stopped the fighting in the Mideast. own good friend the Honorable Mr. Talmadge to the U.S. Senate. We whooped it up in the Coliseum and ROYBAL was elected to Congress more I am not too young to see that people all lived it up at home, fascinated by the public than a decade ago. Dr. Lopez-Lee's elec over the country are losing faith in our washing of our dirty linen, while the energy tion will therefore be an inspiration and government. I believe it's because most of shortage crept up on us. When we, instead a cause for celebration throughout the the people haven't had a chance to get of the mighty, feel the pinch, we holler. to know the really great men-the honest, Our effor·t to review the real state of our currently unrepresented Mexican-Amer good men who love their country with all nation this week has not in any way in ican community of Los Angeles. their hearts--men like Sen. Talmadge who tended to excuse anyone or anything, but Mr. Speaker, I think it is essential that can be admired by the younger generation rather to put the state of the nation into we reach the other outstanding young and can give them inspiration, not shame and proper perspective. This we must do, for to potential leaders throughout the country bad examples. lose faith is to lose our way of life and our who are not currently involved in poli I will pray for God to bless the people of freedom. tics and persuade them of the need for Georgia for giving Sen. Talmadge to our gov We've been hypnotized by the snake their talents and dedication in public of ernment, but mostly for giving him to our charmers until we almost forgot that for all people. Now I have a dil"eam. its faults and failures, The United States is fice. Without their active participation in JAMIE DIANE SCHAEJi'ER, the greatest nation on earth, the best place the people's business of government we Crown Point, Ind. to live and our system really does work. would soon see the moral collapse of our Imagine trying to raise such a ruckus in Nation. I am sure that we have all heard Russia! the 179-year-old line, "The only thing SET IT STRAIGHT necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing." That sentence THE 56TH ANNIVERSARY OF rings as true today as it ever has, al HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE though I am sure that Edmund Burke OF INDIANA would not mind if I reflected today's in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES creased sensitivity in one area by amend Monday, February 25, 1974 HON. CHARLES W. SANDMAN ing his statement slightly to read that OF NEW JERSEY the only thing necessary for the triumph Mr. LANDGREBE. Mr. Speaker, the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES last of four editorials by Mr. William K. of evil is for good men and women to Monday, February 25, 1974 do nothing. Mollenhour from the Warsaw, Ind., I hope, in the midst of the seemingly Times-Union, which I want to include in Mr. SANDMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am endless discussion of Watergate, that we the RECORD is entitled "Set It Straight." very pleased that the prayer in the House will all take a little time to encourage It attempts to summarize and to rectify of Representatives this morning was good men and women against despair, for the disproportionate emphasis which has offered by Rev. Philip Tammaru, the in these desperate times they are sorely recently been placed on actions com pastor of the Estonian Evangelical Luth needed here in the Halls of Congress and mitted by some members of the executive eran Congregation in Seabrook, N.J. This throughout the country at every level of branch. I include the editorial in the occasion is particularly significant since government. And perhaps, out of the RECORD at this point: yesterday, February 24, marked the 56th ashes of Watergate, there will arise the SET IT STRAIGHT anniversary of the Declaration of Inde phoenix of a new group of office-holders, We have devoted this entire week, edi pendence of the Republic of Estonia. honest, idealistic, and able to overcome torially, to try to set the record straight, Approximately 300 Estonians reside in the cynicism that threatens to tear our place the proper weight-not hysteria-upon the town of Seabrook, which I am priv country apart. the incidents that have caused us so much ileged to represent. Most of them are distress in the past year. We believe it to be employed by the great Seabrook Farms of vital importance that the American people quit acting like spectators in a Roman Coli one of the largest vegetable producing GREAT AMERICANS FOR 1973 seum, gleefully watching Christians being fed companies in the country. I am greatly to the lions. That ls exactly what we have impressed by the sincerity of these peo been doing for more than a year. Our thirst ple. Through years of hard work, they HON. SAM NUNN for blood and scandal is insatiable. It has have raised their families and have con OF GEORGIA colored our judgment of whEllt ls real, what tributed substantially to the develop IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES is unreal, what is important and what is po- ment of the community. We can learn litical film-flam. · a great deal from these people. Their Monday, February 25, 1974 What is perhaps worse, we have applied a double standard to our judgment of events love of country and their respect for law Mr. NUNN. Mr. President, as many of and people, excusing some wh1le crucifying and order is outstanding. my colleagues are aware, Dixie Business others. We have sold the accomplishments of We recall Estonian Independence Day magazine recently named Senator and our nation down the river while nit-picking each year to reaffirm our friendship and Mrs. Herman E. Talmadge to receive its at nonessentials. The rise of the dollar abroad support of the people living in Estonia distinguished "Great Americans for while we were apparently having troubles a.t for whom freedom is both a memory 1973" award. home, proves foreigners have a better opinion and a dream. The Estonians proclaimed In the winter edition of Dixie Business of us than do we ourselves. their independence after the tsarist gov which honors the Talmadges, editor Hu It is a sorry state of affairs for which each of us must bear a portion of the blame. At ernment fell, and from 1918 until 1940, bert F. Lee has included the letter of a first we enjoyed the show. It ls only human when their country fell to the Commu 12-year-old Indiana girl who has selected nature to be a bit gleeful as the mighty fall. nist forces, they enjoyed a period of free Senator TALMADGE as her great American. Then we slekened of the long drawn Water dom and progress. The Estonian people Her ambition is to be a U.S. Senator and gate hearings. The storm subsided momen were able to enjoy their freedom for she has chosen as her model, Senator tarily and it appeared we had crawled back merely two decades. Those people are HERMAN TALMADGE. into our heads and gotten our minds and still among the captive peoples of com I ask unanimous consent to have her values in order. Then something happened munism, and this great day in their his letter printed in the RECORD. to 18 minutes of tape out of hours, days and months of tape. By the resulting uproar, tory cannot be celebrated in their home There being no objection, the letter revival of indictment, impeachment and res land, because of the tyranny of their was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ignation talk, you would have thought some Communist rulers. as follows: one swiped the remaining gold at Fort Knox! The resistance to Communist domina THE EDITORS: Since November ls the month Led by some Democrats seeking political tion that these courageous people display ~120 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 should serve to inspire free people every SENATOR EASTLAND CALI.8 FOR I-along with each of you-want us to seek where. Dictators can enslave people, but STRONG RESERVE PROGRAM solutions at the conference table-not on the they cannot destroy a people's spirit or battlefield. desire for freedom. Detente ts far better than hot or cold war. The heritage of the Estonian people is Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY It is a hopeful step toward the goal that men OJ' MISSISSIPPI sought for ages-and that America has pur indeed one of which to be proud. They sued for almost two centuries. are a strong, hard-working, freedom IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Detente-however-in our context of facts loving nation who have always defended Monday, February 25, 1974 of life-is not an instant answer to the prob· the dignity of man and his right to live lems of the world. in a free society. Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, the It has not stopped the bitter fighting in The Estonian people, who have known senior Senator from my home State, Indochina. freedom and slavery before, will know Senator EASTLAND, recently gave the It did not prevent further bloody conflict principal address at the dedication of 1n the Middle East--a war that brought us freedom again. I can only believe that to the edge of yet another confrontation history is on the side of the just and the new U.S. Army Reserve Center in Jackson, Miss. In the course of his with the Soviet Union. that one day a free and independent · It has not removed the Russian missile Estonia will prevail again. We must dedi remarks, Senator EASTLAND made a very submarines which are on-station off our cate ourselves to continued efforts to see strong case for the continuation of a coasts-targeted against our cities and in that freedom is restored to those proud viable Reserve component program. He stallations. people and all other captives of com called for public recognition and sup We live-day by day-with danger in many munism. port of the National Guard and Re forms. One sensible step we take is to in At this time, I urge the Congress of serves for the important role they have sure our lives and property. Every person played in America's national defense in in this audience owns insurance policies the United States to join with Estonians and no person present can afford to be with everywhere in saluting their 56th anni the past and the important contribu out them. versary of freedom and to commend them tions they have to make in the future. I suggest that our Defense Establishment for their great contribution to the growth Because of the significance and time is the largest and most expensive insurance of our country. liness of Senator EASTLAND'S remarks, I policy in history. It costs an astronomical commend them to my colleagues in the sum of money. But--again-we cannot af House: ford to be without it because we are in ADDRESS BY SENATOR JAMES 0. EASTLAND suring the rlgh.t to libel'ty-the right to life itself. MEDIA RESPONDS TO THE ENERGY (Dedication Ceremonies, U.S. Army Reserve Now-what form does our huge insurance CRISIS Center, Jackson, Miss., February 3, 1974) policy take? Governor Waller, my colleagues in the We are dedicating a part of it here today. Congress, General Pepke, General Woody, dis It protects us in the skies-on and under HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN tinguished guests, ladles and gentlemen: the sea.s-a.nd on the land. It ls a high honor for me to participate in It ls made of strong-versatile-balanced OF RHODE ISLAND today's ceremonies dedicating this new and military forces in the United States and in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES modern armory, which has been designed and strategic locations across the earth. constructed to aid the mission of the U.S. Monday, February 25, 1974 What we need-indeed-what we must Army Reserve in Jackson. have ls a top quality team composed of Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, the This splendid building which was erected manned and Ready Active-Guard-and Re severity of the energy crisis is particu at a cost of $606,000 will provide excellent serve Forces. training facilities for the 300 omcers and None of us deny that top quality costs larly apparent to my constituents in men of the following army reserve units: Rhode Island. Edwin W. Pfeiffer, vice money. When we speak of defense we are 3390th USAR School; 365th Service and talking about blllions of dollars. president and general manager of Supply Battalion; 894th Quartermaster But--in our consideration of facts-let's WPRI-TV, Providence, conceived. and Company. look at military trends in the recent past. launched an awareness program involv On this fine occasion I would like to share Since fiscal year 1968 the Army has been ing industry, media, and citizens of all some thoughts with you on American secur reduced by six and two-thirds divisions. ages in Rhode Island and nearby Mas ity-and on our active--guard-and reserve The Navy has been reduced from 976 to sachusetts. forces. 523 ships-and-for the first tim&-the num Recognizing the appeal of hand sym What is the proper approach to the de ber of major surface combatants of the fense of our Nation? Soviet Union exceeds that of the United bols such as the black power clenched. In my view-the only approach was out States. fist, the Churchill "V" for victory-later lined by the new Federal Energy Admin With respect to air power---there are 47 the peace symbol in the Vietnam war, istrator with reference to the fuel shortages fewer fighter squadrons than 5 years ago. Mr. Pfeiffer had WPRI-TV Art Director which are facts of life today. Administrator M111tary manpower has declined from 3.6 Joseph Rezendes adapt the three-fin Bill Simon said that we should hope for the million men to 2.2 million. That cut puts us gers-up hand signal to a stylized device best-and prepare for the worst. 400,000 men below the pre-war level. Let's apply that sound concept to the Listen to my close friend--Senator John to be used on all the "I am an energy world-not as we would wish it to be saver" campaign material. McClellan-who chairs our Appropriations but as it is. Committee-and I quote: "today-the de Fifty thousand copies of an illustrated Peace is the best--peace that reaches fense share of the U.S. gross national prod 16-page booklet filled with timely in around this small and fragile planet--in our uct-of the labor force-and of the Federal formation and tips on energy conserva time-and for all time. budget is lower than at any time since 1950." tion was combined with colorful red, The worst is so terrible that the mind Unquote. white, and blue bumper stickers, buttons, wants to tum away from contemplating the I am convinced that--between John Mc and window display cards to kickoff a certain result of nuclear warfare. Olellan and our own John Stennis-defense massive public awareness campaign over Woodrow Wilson stated the desire and the dollars will be properly used to pay for the goal of every American in these words: "There insurance policy our people deserve. WPRI-TV. Prizes were offered to those must be-not a balance of power-but a I will support every effort launched to displaying bumper stickers and window community of power-not organized rival modernize and strengthen our Active Forces cards, and the effort received enthusias ries-but an organized comm.on peace." with special emphasis on 3 critical items: tic acceptance. Sadly-Wilson's elequent plea remains a First: We must continue with our pro· WPRI-TV advertisers solicited by Mr. dream. In 1974-on this earth-there is a grams to increase the accuracy of our mis Pfeiffer shared in the cost and acted as balance of power. There are organized and slles. dangerous rivalries. There is no organized Second: Our Trident new generation sub distribution centers for the material. common peace. The "I am an energy saver" campaign marine must go forward on schedule-and In the face of those harsh facts of life I Third: We must develop and put in service is a laudable example of media taking the submit that we have no choice except to the B-1 bomber to replace our aging B-52's. initiative an enlisting the support of bus structure our defense to hasten the day of Now-let me turn to our Guard and Re iness and the people. It is Mr. Pfeiffer's the best--and to insure that the worst ls serve Forces. hope, and indeed, mine, that other broad never visited on mankind. Earlier this month, the Brookings Institu casters throughout the country will fol I-along with each of you-welcome what tion, an organization which has consider is styled detente between us and those who able prestige, issued a report urging that we low WPRI-TV's leadership and get be choose to make themselves our adversaries. I reduce our Active Forces by 62,000 men and hind the "I am an energy saver" cam applaud and support any action that moves our Reserve Forces by 309,000 men. This, the paign. us for confrontation to consultation. report stated, would result in a saving of February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4121 $618 million for the Active Forces and $828 In Central Europe the Soviet military the Soviet Union. This occasion should million for our Reserve Forces. According to buildup, stlll in progress, certainly offers no remind us that everyone is not able to the Brookings Institution, we could save all encouragement to peace of mind. A white pa. enjoy the freedoms which we consider so this money without in any way impairing our per put out by the West German Defense military capabilities. Ministry of January 14 points out that, important. In the case of the major cut recommended against NATO forces totaling 29 divisions and Despite Soviet occupation, the people in our Reserve strength, the study argued 6,200 tanks in Western Europe, the Warsaw of Estonia, an area the size of New Jer that the value of a large military reserve had Pact has 64 divisions and 17 ,000 tanks in sey, Connecticut, Delaware, and Rhode become questionable because of the fact that Eastern Europe-that is, East Germany, Island combined, have continued to have in any conflict between NATO and the So Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary a strong national identity. An exception viet forces, the issue would almost certainly backed up by another 30 divisions and 6,800 ally high educational level and an origi be decided long before major reserves could tanks at the ready just inside the Russian be brought into play. frontier. In combat aircraft the Soviets are nal and colorful folklore are two of the The prospect of saving a billion and a half credited with at least a 2 to 1 advantage over manifestations of this strong identity. dollars, [know, sounds attractive. I am per NATO in that area. The desire of the Estonian people for sonally in favor of examining our military Since no nation in the Western world could self-determination and freedom of budget critically and effecting savings possibly think of attacking the Soviet Union, speech remains strong. wherever they can be effected without im we have got to ask ourselves what the Soviets The continued colonization of Estonia, pairing the national security. But I am are doing, or what they intend to do, with all like the case of Alexander Solzhenitsyn, strongly opposed to the massive cuts in our of these divisions and tanks and aircraft. should make us appreciate the freedoms Reserve Forces recommended by the Brook And before the free world reduces its forces ings Institution. The Brookings study, I am any further, we have got to ask ourselves we cherish and reaffirm our commitment afraid, simply fails to appreciate the many what impact such a reduction might have to self-determinatio:a for all people. We different ways in which a large-and Ready on the already precarious deterrent capabil all hope that someday the people of Reserve, with many different capabilities, en ity of our sadly out-gunned armed forces. Estonia will be able to enjoy the basic hances our security and helps to keep the There is absolutely no doubt in my own human freedoms. peace. mind that if we ever cut our active and re The purpose of our reserve forces is not serve forces by the figures recommended by simply to help us meet the demands of a the Brookings Report, we would be seriously crisis confrontation with the Soviet forces undercutting Secretary of State Kissinger's PROPOSED PANAMA CANAL GIVE on the central European front. efforts to preserve the peace while defending AWAY CAUSES CONCERN It can be taken for granted that this ad the free world, and we would be encouraging ministration, or any administration that will the extremist elements in the Kremlin. succeed it, will do its best to stay out of lim Big nations should never be too proud to HON. JOEL. EVINS learn from small nations. When it comes to ited war situations similar to the Vietnam OF TENNESSEE situation. On the other hand, we have to the importance of large combat-ready re face up to the possibility that a combination serves, I think that all of us have a lot to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of circumstances may involve our vital na learn from the example of Israel. The Israeli Monday, February 25, 1974 tional interests so irresistibly that-against army is essentially a reserve army which can our will-we may again find ourselves fight be mobilized on 48-hour notice. Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, ing a limited war in some part of the world. On three occasions now the existence of concern is rising over a proposal by the The worldwide alert of American forces at this Reserve Army had made the difference administration that greatly affects the the time of the recent Arab-Israeli conflict between victory and total defeat for the Panama Canal and U.S. control of the was a somber reminder of the possibility. Israeli people. And I truthfully don't think it's exaggerating one bit to say that the canal. To prevent such a confrontation from de Secretary of State Henry Kissinger has veloping into a total war situation, it may be existence and effectiveness of our own re necessary over a period of several weeks or serve forces may be just as important in signed an agreement in principle with even months for all the NATO countries to the future to our own survival as a na,tion. Panama, and many fear that this could beef up their military establishment in the Consequently, the men of our reserve units, lead eventually to a give-away of U.S. central European sector: the inabiilty to do simply by belonging to their units and at ownership, sovereignty and control of the so might conceivably bring about the world tending to their training, are making a vital Panama Canal. I strongly oppose any conflict we are trying to avoid by persuading contribution to the security of our nation. and the peace of the world. And I say to surrender of sovereignty and control over the Soviets that we do not have the guts or this important facility and the Canal the determination to resist them. the critics: Let's not undercut them. Let Going beyond this, it has always been a us, on the contrary, strengthen them. Let us Zone. fundamental rule of the art of diplomacy provide them with ample supplies of mod An article written by Mr. Robert S. that, to deal effectively with determined ad ern weapons. Let us find the funds to en Allen, a columnist with the Publishers versaries, one has to have a military estab hance their training and increase their com Hall Syndicate, and published 1n nu lishment strong enough to discourage them bat readiness. But let us above all give our merous newspapers across the Nation, from engaging in any adventures. This is reserve forces the recognition and public including the Knoxville Journal, very what Churchill meant when he said, "we support to which they are entitled. My friends-as we dedicate this splendid clearly describes the concern and fears of arm to parley." facility-I suggest that we rededicate our many people over the administration's This basic rule has, if anything, been rein selves to the labor of transforming detente proposals for the Panama Canal. forced by the history of our dealings with the into supervised disarmament--of following Soviet empire since World War II. Indeed, in Because of the interest of my col the world in which we live, an adequate de the tentative steps we have ta.ken with Rus leagues and the American people in this fense establishment can have the deterring sia and China along the road which leads most important matter, I place the arti and stabilizing capab111ty essential to the us to a just and lasting peace. Until we attain that great goal-I want cle in the RECORD. keeping of the peace---while an inadequate The article follows: defense establishment is an invitation to dis this nation we love to maintain strong and aster. And when I talk about an adequate de ready active-guard-and reserve forces to PROPOSED PANAMA CANAL GIVE-AWAY CAUSES fense establishment, I mean a defense estab guarantee the right of every American to rest CONCERN lishment in being and not one that may be easy in his bed by night--and to walk about (By Robert S. Allen) created at a future date. by day without fear. WASHINGTON, February 16, 1974.-The Ad This is all the more imperative because, in Thank you so much. ministration is unhappily running into a the case of the Soviet Union, we are dealing hornet's nest of vehement congressional op with an adversary who is not merely deter position to the plan to give up U.S. control mined and aggressive but who maintains the and operation of the strategic Panama canal most massive armed forces in peacetime his ESTONIA INDEPENDENCE and Zone. tory, in a state of instant readiness. So widespread and intense is this biparti Let me give you a few facts which have got san hostility that there isn't a chance this to be pondered before we start cutting back HON. LESTER L. WOLFF Congress will approve the scheme. our active and reserve forces. OF NEW YORK As far as the overwhelming majority of We have, under the SALT agreement, con this Congress is concerned, that fanfared ceded to the Soviets a 3 to 2 advantage in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "agreement in principle" ceremoniously numbers of ICBM's and a 3 to 2 advantage, Monday, February 25, 1974 signed by Secretary Kissinger in Panama last roughly, in Polaris submarines. week isn't worth the paper it's written on. While the matter of "throw weight" was Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, February 24 That grandstanding event may have made not covered by SALT, it is generally conceded marks the 56th anniversary of the De headlines in ultra-liberal publications, but that their missile force has approximately a. claration of Independence of the Repub it also triggered a storm of irate denuncia 4 to 1 advantage in payload capacity. lic of Estonia, which is now occupied by tion in Congress-particularly in the House. 4122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2'5, 1974 Significant highlights o! this barrage o! Echoing this blunt challenge, Representa He's honest, and I know if he were ever in disapproval are: tive Gene Snyder, a ranking member of the an investigation for any reason, no one could • • • Introduction of three resolutions Merchant Marine Committee, declared: possibly find any bit of dishonesty. vigorously demanding there be no "surrender "The striped-pant dreamers of the State His secretaries say that though he's hard to of U.S. sovereignty" over the Canal and Zone Department apparently a.re willing to turn work for sometimes, he is the fairest and "except by treaty authorized by the Congress over control of the Panama Canal despite an most honest man that they have ever worked and duly ratified by the United States"-in unbroken history of governmental instabil for. other words, no give-away by White House ity in the Republic of Panama. The American These to me are his two best traits. edict or State Department fenagling. people wlll not stand for any outright ceding The only bad thing that I can think o:f to Sponsors of these milltant declarations are of the Canal to Panama, so the State De say about him is that my dad has a very bad three leading legislators who have long been partment ts in the process of doing that in memory, especially for names! And if he directly interested in the Panama problem a series of piecemeal concessions." didn't have my Mom around at social func Representative John Murphy, D-N.Y., senior But as Representative Daniel Flood re tions, he'd really have problems! member of the Panama Canal Subcommittee marked forebodingly: As you've probably gathered from this pa for 12 years; Mrs. Leonor Sullivan, D-Mo., "If they are looking for trouble, they will per, I respect my dad greatly. He is my hero, chairman of the Merchant Marine and Fish get it-and plenty of it. The Administration and I think he is one of the best men eries Committee; and Daniel Flood, D. Pa., 'may propose a give-away Panama treaty, but around!! Approprlatlons Subcommittee Chairman. we wlll do the disposing-in the wastebasket, Not a single member of the House has where it belongs." Mr. Speaker, I join with the many who said anything in favor of the hooplahed are saddened at his passing from this "agreement in principle." In striking con earthly life. His accomplishments in his trast, there has been an anvil chorus of chosen profession of the law and his deep harsh bipartisan dissent. Foremost among the MY HERO interest and participation in the field of castigators are Representatives Gene Snyder, politics will not be soon forgotten. How R-Ky., Joe L. Evins, D-Tenn., Frank Stubble ever, I believe Murray Chotiner would be field, D-Ky., John Rarick, D-La. HON. ANDREW J. HINSHAW With two exceptions, there has been a simi preferred to be remembered by his friends lar silence in the Senate. The exceptions are OF CALIFORNIA and associates as his family remembers Senators Edward Kennedy, D-Mass., and Gale IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES him-a loved and respected father and McGee, D-Wyo.-both noted for their fervent Monday, February 25, 1974 husband-and a fair and honest person. internationalism and pronounced penchant for supporting large-scale foreign aid and Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Speaker, once in other give-aways. a great while a truly touching tribute Graphically illustrative of their self-right emerges above the hundreds directed to -LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY eous attitude was Kennedy's statement that a famous person upon his death. while he is "conscious of the controversy While Murray Chotiner was in the hos surrounding every aspect" of this highly ex plosive issue, he nevertheless feels that the pital fighting for his life, his stepdaugh HON. JOHN J. RHODES "era which produced the original treaty has ter thought to cheer him up by showing OF ARIZONA him a composition she had prepared on long since passed; that in today's world that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES treaty is an embarrassing anachronism." October 13, 1973, for her Flint Hill High Monday, February 25, 1974 PLAYING WITH FIRE School English class. The teacher had Representative Murphy, West Point grad asked the students to write a paper on Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, in com uate and former chairman of the Panama their hero. She passed up the usual memoration of the Lithuanian Independ Canal Subcommittee, flatly challenged this heroes who occupy the thoughts of the ence Day, I would like to enter into the contention with the blunt warning: average 16-year-old and wrote the trib RECORD a resolution unanimously adopt That the iron-fisted dictatorial regime of ute quoted below. Her grief at this un ed by the Phoenix Chapter of the Lith Panama strongman Omar Ton·ijos and the timely death did not prevent her from uanian-American Community of the leftist cabal surrounding him is highly un reading it at the funeral services which U.S.A., Inc. It is as follows: stable and its continuance in power ex included President and Mrs. Richard tremely uncertain. Says Murphy, "It might RESOLUTION be overthrown tomorrow." Nixon and many other distinguished per We, Lithuanian-Americans of Phoenix, Two "plots" are underway to oust this sons and family friends: Arizona, at a meeting held on February 17, milltary dictatorship-the 59th government MY HERO 1974, commemorating the 723rd anniversary Panama has had since 1903. Notes Murphy I have sort of an odd hero. Hts name is of the formation of the Lithuanian Kingdom sardonically, "Some of them lasted only a Murray Chotiner-my dad! in 1251 and the 56th anniversary of the es few days; a turbulent history in anyone's Actually he's my stepfather, but I consider tablishment of the Republic of Lithuania. book. During the same period, the U.S. had him my real father and hero. in 1918, unanimously adopt the following 12 Presidents." He's had an interesting life, and has been resolution: So shaky ls Torrijos' regime that to avert active in many things. I could ask him just Whereas in 1918 the Republic of Lithuania. a military coup, he has sought to make a deal about anything on any subject and he'd give was established by the free exercise of the with ex-President Arnulfo Arias-whom Tor me a very logical answer--or very wise advice. right of self-determination by the Lithua rijos deposed in seizing power. The dictator The subject I think he knows most about, nian people; and proposed to restore Arias as president if he besides law, ls politics. Whereas by the Peace Treaty of July 12, would support Torrijos' continuance as Politics ts one subject that interests me 1920 Soviet Russia officially recognized the strongman-indignantly rejected by Arias greatly, and I hope to get involved with it sovereignty and independence of Lithuania. someday. He's been very involved in politics, and voluntarily renounced forever all sover with the message, "I will only return to and it is through him that I've been able to eign rights and claims by Russia over Lith Panama when you leave the country per see what it's all about. And the fact that uanian soll and her people; and manently." he's been in such close contact with the gov Whereas from 1920 to 1940 Lithuania was The Torrijos regime is deeply involved in ernment, that he knows what is going on in a fully independent and sovereign nation, a. the "narcotics traffic." side the government-ts also important. member of the League of Nations, and a sig There can be no new treaty with Panama Since he and my Mom have been married, natore of numerous international treaties without direct consideration by the House I've been active 1n the Presidential Elec with the·lOhio Chamber of Commerce. can, when they so determine, take the great· mented: "Looking back, I have no regrets. G. B. Johnson Jr., president of the Second est public official in America, put him in the It has been a good life and still is. I hope National Bank and a close friend of Mr. gutter and convince a majority of the people it can last a while longer, but in any case it Blazer, said Ashland residents "were- for· that he is a crook. The sa.me segment of the has been fine." tunate that a man of his capability lived in news media can take the biggest phony in Rexford Blazer's life was one crowned with our community". He noted that Blazer's com America and make him appear superior to a achievement. After graduating from the Uni munity and business efforts were motivated combination of Einstein and Solomon. We are versity of Illinois, he joined the sales division by a desire to ''make this the best." seeing this happen in America today. Let us of Allied Oil Co. in Cleveland in 1928. Ten S. J. MacMullan, manager of Armco Steel look at the record: years later, he became vice president of Al Corp's Ashland Works described Mr. Blazer When it was reported that certain segments lied and was elevated to president in 1948. as "a great force in the community, his in· of the Democratic party (and there Ls avail Allied 011 merged with Ashland on and dustry and the nation." able information to support this contention) Mr. Blazer became a director of the Ashland Johnson also viewed Blazer's death as a stole the election from Richard M. Nixon in based fl.rm. He was encouraged to come to loss not only to this community, but else 1960 by the manipulation of the votes in Ashland by Ashland Oil's founder and his where. "The oil industry has lost one of its New Mexico, Illinois and probably Texas, did uncle, Paul Blazer, and he succeeded to the great leaders," he said. the Republicans try to impeach and destroy presidency of Ashland Oil in 1951. He be John W. Woods Jr., president and trust President Kennedy for the actions of certain came board chairman in 1957. officer of the Third National Bank where segments of the Democratic party? The an Under his leadership, Ashland Oil ex Blazer was a director since 1952, said Mr. swer is no I panded, moved into new areas of production Blazer was a strong leader in the oil industry Of course, as unpleasant as it is to mention and sales, and provided jobs for 23,000 people. who also "took a tremendous interest in the episodes of Billy Sol Estes, Bobby Baker 4126 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February !25, 1974 and others, I cannot :find where the Republi We are in trouble in this country. We are President has the courage, wisdom and deter cans exploited these issues in trying to de• being misled, and some of our best people mination to do what is right, knowing well stroy Democratic candidates for any public are having their minds slowly but surely that his greatness will shine as a bright ex· office. Therefore, it is wrong to try to destroy shaiped by prejudiced commentators, and the ample to generations yet unborn, and when our President through innuendo and false radical segment of the news media. From :finally he has gone to his reward, hundreds of accusations about incidents which he had experience, I can tell you that America's millions of people throughout the world will nothing to do with. national broadcasters are obliterating any know that this world is indeed a better place I say without equivocation or mental res thing favorable to our President, spending in which to live for President Nixon's having servation that in my considered judgment, their time clouding issues, making false ac lived in it. President Richard M. Nixon's integrity is cusations and, in some instances, downright unimpeachable. His greatness has been estab misrepresentations. Listen to some of these lished-so much so that certain segments of broadcasters for verification of this state OREGON WINNER OF VOICE OF the Democratic party, of which I am a mem ment. DEMOCRACY CONTEST ber, and for political reasons, are trying to I do not condone what some of President destroy his greatness. Does it not appear that Nixon's aides have done, but remember that there are prejudiced judges who, through they did not break into Democratic head HON. AL ULLMAN a subconscious urging, may be making them quarters looking for silver or gold. It was a selves a party to the scheme to destroy Presi political act. Doubtless, they were looking for OF OREGON dent Nixon, and acting as prosecutors rather political information. Without attempting to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than judges? defend their aictions, these aictions did not in Monday, February 25, 1974 When Mr. Nixon was sworn in as President, volve the security of our country. I am thor we were in the midst of one of the most de oughly convinced that President Nixon had Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, I would structive and expensive wars our nation had no knowledge whatsoever of the Watergate like to include in the RECORD of today's ever been engaged in. Evidently, President break-in. Let us prosecute the guilty, but not proceedings a thought-provoking speech Johnson could not develop a formula to con involve our President when there is no in by a young woman from Redmond, Oreg. clude the war so he left the White House a dication that he had any knowledge of their broken-hearted man, and I believe President actions. Her name is Roberta Eggleston, and she Johnson felt he was turning the nation over Now, how about Special Prosecutor Archi is this year's winner of the statewide to a man who had the ability and determina bald Cox. He is a liberal Democrat. He was Voice of Democracy Contest in Oregon. tion to conclude this terrible war tha.t was Solicitor General in the Cabinet of President A senior at Redmond High School, she claiming 300 precious American lives weekly, John F. Kennedy. is a resident of my congressional district, Could this have so embarrassed the Demo When the U.S. Court of Appeals sustained as were the last two winners of Oregon's craits they are trying to blot out this great the lower court, in effect it said to our Presi Voice of Democracy Contest. accomplishment? dent, comply with the decision or offer an ac When Mr. Nixon was sworn in, there were ceptable compromise. As we read the record, Mr. Speaker, I am very proud of this 543,000 troops in Vietnam; the cost of the we see where Senator Ervin, Senator Baker, young woman, of what she has accom war was running at $32 billion a year; and the Attorney General and the President had plished and of what she has to say. She there were no plans to conclude the war. reached a compromise and had prepared to neither seeks to pour soothing oil on the However, Mr. Nixon quickly formulated a submit it to Judge Sirica. We are also led to troubled waters of our Nation, nor to plan to conclude the war that started under believe that Judge Sirica would have ac place herself at a safe distance in order a Democratic Administration. Not only did cepted the compromise, enabling the Presi to criticize our much-publicized na he live up to every promise he had made and dent to protect the confidentiality of the tional failings. Instead, she asks us to reduce the number of troops in Vietnam from Presidency, but then this liberal, vindictive 543,000 to zero, he secured the release of all Democrat, Archibald Cox, balked. In effect, make a simple commitment which is the of our prisoners of war who were deteriorat by his actions, he said I am after a full bucket universal test of all citizenship. I salute ing in dungeons in far-off lands. My, my, but of blood, nothing less. So, the President had her, and ask that her speech be printed what an accomplishment for a great Ameri to fire him. for all to read. can President. May I say again I believe deeply, based MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN When Mr. Nixon was sworn in as President, upon facts, that President Richard M. Nixon's (By Roberta Eggleston) crime was running rampant in this country integrity is unimpeachable. It is almost un we love so much. He is slowly but surely believable that this great man has been able "Let the word go forth, bringing crime under control. Will this trend to accomplish so much for America with the from this time and from this place, prejudiced commentators, the radical elemen'C that the torch has been passed, be reversed by present-day court decisions? to a new generation, What is the explanation for a judge to sen of the news media, the Communists and other left-wingers out to destroy him. Presi a generation of hope and peace, tence a man to 35 years in prison for the a generation that will not fail." Watergate break-in, a crime that was not an dent Nixon's troubles began when he started act of personal violence, and in the same city fighting Communism and with his success in Thirteen years ago, this nation inaugu or perhaps in the same court, a prejudiced putting thait all-time Communist, Alger Hiss, rated its youngest president, John F. Ken judge released those who have confessed to in jail. nedy, a man who held aloft a torch, shining armed robbery, rape and arson, maybe with I could have remained silent during this a light for everyone to see. In the tragic the trial judges blaming society for the crisis had I been a political coward thinking aftermath of his untimely death, the genera criminal acts. Where is justice? only of the Democratic party and my person tion that he spoke of, the generation of hope When Mr. Nixon was sworn in as President, al political interests. Certainly I would have and peace, found that its legacy from that the Supreme Court was so distorting the been spared some criticism, but to have been man was to be his torch, a torch that must silent would have violated every principle by not be d·immed in a fog of apathy, violence Constitution by erroneous interpretations, nor dissension. We are the people to whom that they were turning our nation into a so which I have lived my life. I sincerely be• lleve that in the end right wlll prevail-if not John Kennedy entrusted his torch, we are cialistic state. Mr. Nixon is replacing such before man--certainly before God, and I am the generation that will not fail, but we are Justices with men who render opinions based just as convinced that in the end the position a generation different from any other that upon the Constitution, and such a court will I have taken in support of my President will this nation has ever produced. We have rock ultimately benefit all Americans. be the correct one. eted men to the moon, we have developed Mr. Nixon is trying hard to put our fiscal Repeating, at no time has President Nixon the most sophisticated and successful war on affairs back on a business basis, but some been in non-compliance with the laws of our disease and poverty this nation has ever seen, how without exception, every time he moves land. However, our great President, because even as we endured the longest war of our in that direction the liberals and socialistic of public pressure and the misunderstanding history. We have grown to be a nation of mlnded try to embarrass him and stop him, of the American public, including some mem complicated, diverse, strong citizens over two and in too many instances they have been bers of the judiciary, is on the verge of being hundred milllon strong. Through it all, we successful. have not wavered nor stumbled. We have forced to violate his obligation by revealing held that torch aloft, and we have found May I refer you to the infamous Daniel highly sensitive and confidential information. Ellsberg, who no doubt should have been that it is our responsibiilty as citizens to It is to be regretted that some members of see that our legacy of that torch remains convicted of treason for stealing top-secret the judiciary do not look at executive privi aloft, that everyone may see that we are documents and passing them along so that lege in the same manner as lawyer and client proud to be American citizens. they came into the possession of the Com privilege, confidential audience between But pride in American nationality contains munists. He peddled them to the left-wing priest and parishioner and highly confiden within it manifold duties and responsiblll· press and doubtless others. Instead of being tial conversations between man and wife. ties. Unless we fulfill our responsibility we convicted of treason, what happened? A Again, where is justice and reason, and how cannot hope to enjoy our privileges. liberal judge set him free without a com far will the lunatic fringe go to destroy a The duties and responsibilities that we as pleted trial. Where has he been recently? In great President? I am a lifelong Democrat, citizens must fulfill are unique and original, Washington, appearing before a Senate com but I am an American first. I shall support for no other group of people enjoy as much mittee receiving almost a hero's welcome. right as I understand it. I am proud that my freedom or independence. February 25, 1974 . EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4127 Because we have so much, it will take (3) at page 121, lines 8 through 15, sub Zete. Metric doors, windows and frames sim much, from each and everyone of us to section (b) , by striking out the subsection ply will not fit current or past construction, maintain it. More than voting or writing to and renumbering subsequent subsections ac making replacement more difficult and costly. our Congress people, a country like ours cordingly. The fallacy of the metric argument "The needs the one thing that only we, her citi (4) at page 128, line 4, paragraph (3) of notion that the U.S. is losing exports to zens, can freely give to her. We must will subsection ( e), by striking out "$7,500" and metric countries because its products are not ingly give her our love. inserting in lieu thereof "$2,500". designed or manufactured in metric units When we look back on how much our appears to be ill-founded." (N.B.S. Metric country has given to us, we can always draw Study-A Metric America) upon such all-encompassing words as free All municipal building codes and regula dom and independence, but let us delve LITTLE KNOWN FACTS ABOUT tions would have to be changed to metric. more deeply. Our country gives us the right Metric conversion would make the U.S. to choose our education, our political affilia METRIC SYSTEM domestic market more accessible to foreign tion, where we go and who our friends are. goods. Increased imports would threaten Our country gives us the opportunity to American ;obs. "Our examination ..• learn of widely divergent philosophies and HON. JOEL. EVINS showed that imports . . . would have beeu governments, of our past mistakes as well as OF TENNESSEE increased by $100 million." (GAO Report on our glories. Our nation functions on the idea IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES N.B.S. Metric Study, March 27, 1973) of free enterprise, based on the idea that Monday, February 25, 1974 Favorite recipes might never be the same competition, free and aboveboard, is the again. Cookbooks and measuring devices will best way to get things done. Because of Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, be changed to metric. Your stomach might all this we find that we have the right to as this Nation prepares to convert to the just have to make an adjustment. choose from 27 different brands of chicken Conversion to the metric system would noodle soup, from 6,000 institutions of higher metric system, a recent Gallup poll showed that 57 percent of the British actually make U.S. exports more costly and learning and from nineteen different political "place these products at even more of a parties. people oppose the system 6 years after competitive disadvantage vis-a-vis the prod Our country gives us this much, yet what that Nation converted to the new system. ducts of foreign firms that are already met can we return? As in any other relationship The poll further revealed that two-thirds there must be give as well as take. Our coun ric." (GAO Report on N.B.S. Metric Study, try needs our love. She needs her citizens to of the British people still do not fully March 27, 1973) make sure that her environment is unpol understand the metric system. All temperature measuring devices, includ luted, to make sure that her government re This Poll was brought to my atten ing thermometers and thermostats, will have mains open and free, accountable to the peo tion by Mr. Wilson S. Johnson, president to be converted. This could be frustrating. ple, to make sure that she remains loyal to of the National Federation of Independ "When body temperature registers as 37.5 de her allies abroad and a leader to her people gress (centigrated), is that good or bad? Just ent Business, which represents the small multiply by 9, divide by 5, add 32 and you'll at home, to make sure that all she is and all businessmen throughout the Nation. she can be, is not destroyed upon the reefs know." (Newsweek) of apathy, to make sure that our nation's Mr. Johnson advises that legislation The National Bureau of Standards ignored fie.ming torch of liberty is never extinguished requiring an American conversion to the or subordinated findings that would have by the lack of her people's love. metric system is based on a study that detracted from its recommendation in favor Our most basic responsibility, our high the General Accounting O:flice reports of metric conversion. (GAO Report on N.B.S. est honor and our most cherished ideology has employed questionable methodology Metric Study, March 27, 1973) must be our love for our c .untry. Let us and neglected to report its negative Contrary to popular belief, American busi maintain our nation, our freedC'm, our de findings. ness is not rapidly converting to the metric mocracy. Let us hold aloft our torch fl.a.ming system. Only 3 % of the firms responding to With a love for our country, and pass it on to Mr. Johnson also advises that the a special NFIB survey undertaken for the Na generations untold, that they may enjoy all major portion of the $45 billion to $100 tional Bureau of Standards reported that that we have, and more. billion in estimated conversion costs will they had any plans to change over. That fiaming torch of love for my country be passed on to the consumer, already England is experiencing serious difficul ts my responsibility as a citizen. burdened with infiation and higher liv ties with metric conversion in consumer goods. Adverse consumer reaction and resist ing costs. ances ha.s forced it to reassess its planning The National Federation of Independ and schedules. ent Business has listed problems which All OSHA standards and regulations will AMENDMENT TO PENSION BILL may arise from conversion to the metric have to be converted. These rules are com system. plex and difficult for the small businessman Because of the interest of my col to understand. Metric would make them to HON. HENRY S. REUSS tally incomprehensible. OF WISCONSIN leagues and the American people in this most important matter, I place the list Water and gas meters in every building IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES across the country will have to be converted in the RECORD herewith. to metric. Monday, February 25, 1974 The list follows: Metric conversion would force the recali Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, H.R. 2, the LITTLE KNOWN FACTS ABOUT METRIC bration of the approximately 300,000 com pension reform bill, will be on the :floor All retail gasoline pumps in the U.S. would mercial scales at a cost of about $1,000 per have to be recalibrated or replaced. This scale. Tuesday and Wednesday of this week. The bottling industry would have to re The rule makes in order H.R. 12781 and would foreshadow even higher gasoline prices. Approximately 60% of the U.S. population place 200 billion returnable bottles now cir H.R. 12481 as substitutes for H.R. 2, and does not know the first thing about the culating through the economy. They repre permits amendments to be offered to sec metric system. Less than 20 % know the cor sent 38% of its total capital investment. Fill tion 2001 of H.R. 12481. rect relationship between metric and tradi ing and capping requirements would prohi I shall off er an amendment striking tional units. (N.B.S. Metric Study-A Metric bit their gradual replacements. the proposed increase in the Keogh plan America) The National Bureau of Standards omit deductions for retirement savings by Standard, plumbing and electrical fixtures ted any mention in its report that the De self-employed individuals. The text of my would be obsolete. Metric bathtubs would fense Department declared that it could not not :fit standard drains and standard bath guarantee national security during the con amendment follows: tubs would not fit metric drains. This would version period. (AFL-CIO) AMENDMENT force suppliers to maintain costly dual in All road, signs would have to be changed Section 2001 of H.R. 12855 is amended- ventories. to refiect metric distances. ( 1) at page 120, lines 9 through 17, para The N.B.S. study, A Metric America, "falls All maps would have to be changed to graph ( 1) of subsection (a), to read as fol far short of the clearly expressed Congres refiect metric distances. lows: sional intent ... and does not fullfill the Metric road signs and maps would be use " ( 1) Paragraph ( 1) of section 404 (e) 1s Congressional Mandate which requires that less and confusing unless all automobile amended by striking out 'subject to the pro small business problems and the practical speedometers anid odometers are changed to visions of paragraph (2) • and inserting In difficulties associated with possible changes measure in metric. lieu thereof 'subject to paragraphs (2) and be identified and the means to overcome World wide capital investment in tradi (4) '." them be recommended." (House Report No. tional units (feet, pounds, etc.) has ex (2) at page 120, lines 18 through 21, para 92-913) ceeded investment in metric units over the graph (2> of subsection (a), by striking out In the construction industry metric means last several years. This means that the use the paragraph and renumbering subsequent modules and modules mean that all standard of traditional units is growing at a faster paragraphs accordingly. tLoors, windows and frames would be obso- pace than metric units. . . , . \ t ; ' 4128 'EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 Oonversion will make evaluation of farm their February rest to resist any effort to kill A'S mortal men, we ·know that the future can productivity the domain of Ph.D.'s. Instead the pending congressional pay hike. After not be known. However, recent events indi of bushels per acre, the farmer will calculate all, .it should be obvious to anyone that the cate that we are on the right path, that we his crop in hiectoliters (2.84 bushels) per hec Congress is overworked ~d underpaid. have anticlpat-ed the future, and that we are tare (:l.47 acres). focusing on bright, new opportunities. Unit pricing is Just becoming effective. Specifically, what we-all of us here-have Metric conversion would only confuse the done is: consumer and tend to negate the progress We -recognized the fuel shortage, the chok that has been made. "ELECTRIFYING" NEW VEHICLES DESCRIBED BY OTIS ELEVATOR ing threat of pollution, and the fact that our The grid system of land measurement used cities were becoming unlivable before these in the U.S. would be discarded. Measurement PRESIDENT, RALPH A. WELLER events made their full Impact on our society. by hectares would be substituted for .sec Second, in the time span between our recog tions, square miles and acres. nition of these comin g events and their full All deed$ ana property descriptions in legal HON. JOHN J~ McFALL impact, we took action. We offered new ideas documents would have to be chang-ed. De OF CALIFORNIA -and new solutions. Specifically, electrical ve .scripiive terms like acres, yaras and feet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hicles. So today we can measure the results would be obsolete. of our actions, and exchange new ideas that Metric conversion, because-Of the economic Monday, February 25, 1974 wm shape the impact yet to come from a.dvanta.ge enjoyed by large firms, could has Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, recently change that is happening right now. ten the undesirable trend toward industrial Ralph A. Weller, president of Otis Eleva After these next three days, I believe we concentration. will be better equipped to decide what ideas For those out of school the psyclUJlogical tor Co., which not only is the world's we want to forge into reality with new sys impact of metric conversion could be stag largest producer of elevators and escala tems, new products and new institutions. gering. "Those who have studied the mat tors, but also is the largest supplier of Our presence demonstrates that we fully ter in other countries .suggest that children electric vehicles in the United States, accept the responsibility-and opportunity take to the change like a shot • . . but older gave the keynote address at the Third to shape the future. . people are likely to be thrown badly by the International Electric Vehicle Sympo Our commitment and our efforts to bring distortion oi familiar dimensions." (News sium and Exposition in Washington. about tomorrow's solutions must be sus week) tained, for tomorrow will come and it too .Metrdc conversion, at a cost of $45 to $100 This event and Mr. Weller's remarks will be different. billion, simply does not rank very hf;gh. as were of particular interest to me because To underscore our commitment at Otis, I a national priority. a good many of Otis electric vehicles are should llke to tell you a llttle about us. produced by its special vehicle devision, In 11382, we began movlng people 1n de headed by James Munn, and located in vices driven by electrical energy. Today, every Stockton, Calif., in my district. Over day, 400 m.Illion people a.re moved In Otis OVERWORKED, UNDERPAID? all supervision of Otis vehicle operations elevators and escalators. In an eight-day pe riod that equals the total population of tbe is under Robert Bry, vice president of earth; and we do this throughout the world, HON. H. R. GROSS diversified operations at Cleveland, Ohio. as many of you know, 1n 46 countries with During the symJJosium here, I enjoyed 473,000 installations. OF IOWA viewing the display of 14 diversified Otis Our company now concerns itself world IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES electric vehicles for industrial, recrea wide with short-dista?f;ce movement<>! people Monday, February 25, 1974 tional, and municipal uses, including the and goods. Less than 20 years ago, we entered electric delivery van that is being test the material handling business through the Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, the follow driven for postal service in Stockton. acquisition of a. small electric fork truck com Jng editorial appeared in the Washing As a leader in this "electrifying" in pany, Baker-Raulang of Cleveland. Pounded ton Star-News of February 11, 1974. No in 1853, this company was a leading manu dustry, which has gained sudden impetus facturer of electric cars from 1895 to 1919. further comment is needed except to say from the fuel shortage, urban trans that in th~ 14 days, February 11 to and Our material handling business prospered portation problems, and environmental and rapidly diversified into a much broader including this day, February 25, the c-0ncerns, Mr. Weller's speech is highly range of equipment. Today, Otts Material foot-dragging in Congress has continued, authoritative and should be of interest Handling Division is 10 times its original size the energy crisis is still with us, but the to our colleagues, Mr. Speaker. There and a considerable factor in our corporation. pay raise for the "overworked" Members fore, I would like to include the speech Using this operation as our base, we ex seems almost within their grasp. as an extension of my remarks: panded our d.iversified activities to include The editorial: eight new "moving" businesses. Our company REMARKS OF MR. RALPH WELLER OVERWORKED, UNDERPAID? today is the nation's largest manufacturer I welcome the opportunity to be with you of electric vehicles. Our products include Well, let's see. Congressmen came back to today to exchange ideas on transportation work January 21, and assuming they showed electric l.ift trucks, personnel carriers, golf and electrical propulsion. In fact, .I look for carts, delivery vans, small electric "urban" up at the office ~very day-an assumption ward to sharing ideas on these vital subjects that is on exceedingly shaky ground-House cars, electric buses and urban Personal Rapid with more enthusiasm than you may Transit Systems. members put 1n 14 working days as of Thurs imagine. The reason for my interest is that day and senators put in 15 as of Friday. One of the reasons f<>r our growth in this our company's basic business is transporta field is, I believe, our management philos That certainly entitled them to a. recess tion and electrical propulsion. from thelr arduous labors, especially since ophy. We choose to look at today's prob For tbe past 100 years we have focused le111S-today's crises-in terms of our own they only got .a month o1f during the Christ on opportunities in transportation, and in mas-New Year season. Never mind that the the last five years we have been working ability to :solve them. We attempt to focus on opportunities, not problems. country has an energy crisis that gets more systematically to help sha.pe the future of chaotic every day and that emergency leg electrical transportation. The ideas we will Three of our greatest concerns-the energy islation to deal with it has been tied up exchange over the next three days together crisis-the pollution crisis-the urban since December. Never mind that the natl-on will do much to make that future eventful crisis-are also real opportunities for build is in the throes of a debilitating truck tieup. for the electric vehicle industry. I assure you. ing a better future. The ideas which can Never mind that there is a list of other bUSll I approach this symposium with great ex provide the -answers are in your factories, in ness longer than the longest congressional pectations. your laboratories and in your minds. arm. Like ea.ch of you here, we have been trying Only a few months ago, the world awoke No sirree. Those Lincoln Day speeches have to make the unexpected and unpredicted to find a severe energy shortage on its door to be ma.de. And those constituents back come to pass. We realize that trying to con step. Most of us here were fully aware that home could hardly bear it if they had to trol the future is risky, but much less risky energy sources are finite and do not replenish wait another day to gaze upon the face of than Just coasting a.long with the times, be themselves long before the impact of their their man in Washington. Abra.ham Lincoln, liev~ that nothing is going to change. As shortages were felt. Most of us had already who epitomized the work ethic, probably we look at the ominous patterns of the En realized the energy crunch was not some turned over in his grave when the House ergy CrisisJ the Pollution Crisis, the Urban temporary shortage .o! fuel caused by polit voted itself a six-day recess last Thursday Crisis, we can all sa.y that we have been ra ical upheavel in the Middle East. and the Senate (which must have worked tional in the purpose of our work. The role of electrical energy in providing harder the past three weeks) voted itself a Otis' long-range planning in the fields of long-term solutions has been well defined. 10-day holiday. electrical propulsion and transportation Unless man is going to walk instead of ride No doubt the Senate and House members could not have been geared to eliminate all and unless he is content to carry heavy loads Will recover enough of their strength during the risks and uncertainties of the future. instead of transporting them, electrical pro- February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4129 pulsion devices will find greater use today approaches would lead only to more high PRESIDENTIAL ORDER CONFIRMS and in the future. speed automobiles, more super highways. The THAT AGENCIES HA VE BEEN VIO The facts speak for themselves. An electric future wlll be created by making our cities LATING THE FEDERAL ADVISORY fork lift uses less than half the energy of a more attractive and livable for people. And COMMITTEE ACT gas-driven truck in eight hours, doing the positive change can be made only if we view same work. An electric bus uses less than one our cities as opportunities, not problems. third the energy of its diesel counterpart on New transportation ideas-most probably HON. DAVID R. OBEY a city transport route. And, an electric de in the form of electrical systems-can pene OF WISCONSIN livery van will use one-fourth less energy trate core city. Low-polluting, highly mo than a gas-driven vehicle. bile systems can shuttle passengers and goods IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These vehicles are here, now! They not from core city fringe to core city center. Monday, February 25, 1974 only utilize today's resources more effectively, Unified building concepts-"mega struc but will prove the most effective tomorrow. tures", which will be blocks long and con Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, the President Compared with petroleum, the earth's re tain housing, schools, recreation and sup today published an Executive order in serves of coal and uranium are plentiful. porting services-can become part of tomor the Federal Register instructing depart These resources-plus the research being row's revitalization of our cities. ment and agency heads to "take appro done to make coal conversion cleaner and I believe that all these changes will re priate action to assure their ability to place breeder and fusion reactors on line quire "horizontilators," new horizontal give us confidence that electric power genera transportation devices-electric-powered comply" with the Federal Advisory Com tion will play a dominant role in future years. transportation. mittee Act. Clearly, no knuckle-rapping Additionally, and of great interest to Otis, You here today are not only in the fore by the White House would be necessary if electrically-powered vehicles do not require front of these developments, but have the the executive branch had been making the emission control devices of gasoline ve capability to make them h appen. You hold more of an effort to comply with the act hicles because they do no foul the air we the keys to the technology, planning and in the nearly 14 months it has been in breathe. Further they can be operated more timing. effect. quietly and, therefore, do not contribute to In our company, we manufacture and serv· Ironically, today's Register also con another of today's problems-noise pollution. ice a wide variety of electrical transportation At Otis, we see pollution standards not as products and systems. But we need your help, tains advisory committee notices from a road-block to growth and development, but your ideas, your creativity to help bring the Corps of Engineers and the Federal rather as an opportunity for new markets about the change I am talking about. Energy Office which show why the Presi while we work to protect the quality of life We look to those in the power generation dent's order is needed. These two and an on our earth. and distribution field for more rapid devel other example from 5 days ago illustrate And what about our cities-what about the opment of plant, equipment and processes how agencies nullify the public meeting urban crisis? to more-effectively utilize coal and w·anium and timely notice requirements of the law Significant changes in the U.S. occurred at resources: the turn of the century. partly as a result of We look to the battery industry for tech in their handling of environmental, migration to urban centers. In 1900, 50 per nology breakthroughs which will provide energy and consumer advisory commit cent of the U.S. population lived in rural mobile DC power at a reasonable cost and tees. areas. Today, more than 80 per cent O'f our lighter weight; The law says that meetings of these population make their life in metropolitan We look to our regulatory agencies to re 1,400 citizen panels shall be open to the areas. consider some of the requirements which public unless it is determined that a This occurrence is not unique to the United now limit broader use of electric vehicles on our city streets; meeting is concerned with matters which States. The history of the world is virtually the Freedom of Information.Act exempts a history of cities-Peking, Alexandria, And we look to the Federal Government to Athens and Rome. Throughout history the stimulate private investment in transporta from mandatory public disclosure. And it shift from a rural to urban society has con tion technologies and products, and to con requires that timely notice of these meet tinued. It continues today. sider tax incentive for this timely invest ings be published in the Register. Our large urban areas are fueling economic ment. Today the corps announced that its growth in a post-industrial society. Urbaniza Our meeting here provides an outstanding Chief of Engineers Environmental Ad tion offers the centralized ability to innovate, opportunity. While The Electric Vehicle visory Board will meet at 9: 30 a.m. to promote and finance new products and serv Council is young-this is just our third an nual meeting-we are a vigorous organiza morrow and Wednesday at Fort Belvoir, ices. With the so-called Urban Crisis come Va.--such short notice that persons who the diversity that contributes to stabllity, tion. We have here, in this room, ideas that that generates new employment and a great can take advantage of the greatest opportu might otherwise attend the public por er overall choice of economic opportunity for nities that face us today. The dimensions of tions of the meeting are effectively pre our people. Put simply, people come to cities the challenge, in my opinion, are extraordi vented from doing so. The corps says nary. certain portions of the meeting will be because there is more opportunity to work, Charles Abrams, a wise experienced ob to earn and to experience. server of the urban scene in America, wrote: open but waves a wand of secrecy over Since our cities and metropolitan centers "The history of civilization from Memphis, the rest, simply saying "the balance of are so vital, it is essential we maintain a high Egypt to Memphis, Tennessee ls recorded in the meeting will be subjects" entitled to quality for this environment. If we permit the rise or demise of cities." nondisclosure. The corps does not iden the environment for our future economic Unlike the citizens of earlf Egypt, how tify the subjects or specify the FOI Act strength to decay, we wlll certainly weaken ever, we are conscious of this truism. We our ability to meet competition in the world's exemptions it apparently believes apply understand the changes tha.t have taken to these subjects. marketplace. place; we can feel their efl'ects everywhere. And yet, our cities are experiencing decay And we know that the future will be far The tipoff that the corps is not com at the core, people and investments are being different from what exists now, and from plying with the act lies in its use of the pulled out of the central city to the compet what we expect 1ioday. murky explanation that these subjects ing surburban fringe. Why? I believe this The question we face is whether, in light "fall within Policies analogous to those decay ls the natural result of focusing on of this knowledge, we will coast along with recognized" in the FOI Act. That cum problems, of merely being carried along with change, our minds idle, watc·rung our civili the times rather than trying to control bersome phrase stands out like a dye zation corroSmen engaged in the retail Day, which took place on February 16 "3 u.s.c. 301, it is ordered as follows: sale of gasoline and diesel fuel. The agenda of this year. SECTION 1. The heads of all executive de for the meeting is as follows: Some may think it odd that a country partments and agencies shall take appropri I. OLD BUSINESS conquered and controlled by the Soviet ate action to assure their ability to comply Union since 1940 would continue to pay with the provisions of the act. A. Member Reports and Recommendations. 1. Pricing Adjustments. tribute to an independence that lasted SEC. 2. The Administrator of General Serv only 18 years. But to those Lithuanians ices shall prepare for the consideration of 2. Reduced Allocation. the President the annual report to the Con 3. Preferential Treatment; Minimal/maxi who live in that country and those who gress required by section 6(c} of the act. mum sales. have emigrated to this and other coun SEC. 3. The Director of the Office of Man 4. Hours of Operation. tries, the spirit of independence still lives. agement and Budget shall: II. NEW BUSINESS Such a spirit should be applauded by all (1) perform, or designate, from time to A. Discussion of rules and regulations. Americans, particularly since we are only time, other officers of the Federal Govern The meeting is open to the public; how 2 years away from celebrating 200 years ment to perform, without the approval, rati ever, spa.ce and facilities are limited. of their own independence. fication, or other action of the President, the The Chairman of the Group is empowered On this 56th anniversary, Lithuanians, functions vested ln the President by the to conduct the meeting in a fashion that a.ct; will, in his judgment, facilitate the orderly along with the rest of the world, have (2) prescribe administrative guidelines conduct of business. witnessed another dramatic event in the and management controls for advisory com Further information concerning this meet continuing story of desire for freedom mittees covered by the act. ing may be obtained from Dino G. Pappas, from Soviet tyranny in: the exile of a SEC. 4. Executive Order No. 11686 of Octo Offi.ce of Policy, Planning and Regulations, Nobel Prize winning author Alexander ber 7, 1972 is hereby superseded. F1ederal Energy Office, Washington, D.C. H. Solzhenitsyn. All people who admire RICHARD NIXON. 20508, Area Code 202-254-7696. Minutes of such great courage as his in the face of THE WHITE HousE, February 21, 1974. the meeting will be made available for public oppression rejoice tha'li he was not [FR Doc. 74--448 Filed 2-21-74;1:43 pm] inspection at the Federal Energy Office, Washington, D.C. harmed or imprisoned and that he is now Issued in Washington, D.C., on February 21, free to write as he wishes. But in that re DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, CORPS OF ENGINEERS, 1974. joicing there is also disgust that such CHIEF OF ENGINEERS ENVIRONMENTAL .AD WILIJAM N. WALKER, things can happen at all, and we are VISORY BOARD General Counsel. reminded again of the same tyranny NOTICE OF MEETING [FR Doc.74--4546 Filed 2-22-74; 12.08 pm] which forced Lithuania and other na Notice is hereby given in accordance with tions into submission. Pub. L. 92-463 that the quarterly meeting of CONSUMER ADVISORY COUNCU. Before this Congress is the oppor the Environmental Advisory Board of the NOTICE OF MEETING OPEN TO THE PUBLIC tunity to demonstrate to the Soviet Chief of Engineers will be held on 26-27 Union that this country, the largest in February 1974, at the Conference Room of Pursuant to Pub. L. 92-463 of October 6, 1972, notice is hereby given that there will the free world, will not aid in giving that tne Board of Engineers far Rivers and Har nation's economy any strengthening with bors, Kingman Building, Fort Belvoir, Vir be a public meeting of the Consumer Advisory Council to the Office of Consumer ginia, beginning a.t 0930 each morning. our trade, and remind them at the same Mairs, U.S. Department of Health, Educa time that human liberty is more impor The meeting will be open to the public at tion, e.nd Welfare, which will commence at ta:ie following times: tant to us than their trade. I commend 10 a.m. on February 21 in Room 5104, New my colleagues in the Rouse of Repre FEBRUARY 26, 1974. Exceutive Office Building, 17th and H Streets 14-00-1615, Strat.eg:l.es of American Water NW., Washington, D.C. 20506, and continue sentatives for voting through a trade bill Management and Polley and the Relation on the morning of February 22 in the same denying the Soviet Union most favored ship to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. locwtion. nation status as a penalty for their emi- February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 413f gratlon policies. and I urge our col condemning Niebuhr for positions whtch Christian made to Niebuhr's "Christian prag• misrepresent his thought. The passion of the matism" or Christian realism. leagues in the Senate to vote their ap writing and the polemical style of much of Harrison, Beverly; Bennett, John C.; proval of that bill as well as ask that the it do honor to the importance of his contri Shaull, Richard, "Response," Christianity President give his signature when and 1f bution, even when the exact meaning of his and Crisis, 32 (May 1, 1972.), 104-109. it goes to his desk. position is abused. The responses to Williamson by Professors The trade bill is an American tribute THE CHRISTIAN CENTURY :Harrison and Bennett leave the reader wondering why Williamson's piece was to the plight of oppressed people every Early, Tracy. "Reinhold Niebuhr for the where, and a particular show of support printed. Perhaps the reason rests in a Chris 70's," The Christian Century (June 14, 1972), tia.n realist conviction that criticism of one's for Lithuanians and what their nation 688-690. Early finds the balanced realism of own assumptions needs to be honored. Har stands for. Moral Man and Immoral Society a wise guide rison's response helpfully distinguishes be to the problems of the seventies. His article tween ideas and their functions; social func argues that Niebuhr's work 1n the thirties tions are not inherent in the ideas per se. WRITINGS ON REINHOLD NIEBUHR, may be more applicable to the seventies than She too is interested in transcending Chris 1972-73 . the work of the intervening decades. Early tian realism, but she has an acute under tends to be less critical of Moral Man and standing of the wisdom available in the tra Immoral Society than Niebuhr himself was. dition. Bennett's reference to the "appalling HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Hiltner, Seward. "Kinsey and the Church abstraction of 'Pragmatica'" summarizes his Then and Now," The Christian Century attack upon the essay. Professor Shaull, on OP' INDIANA (May 30, 1973), 624-629. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hiltner returns to a debate he had With the other hand, apparently appreciates the myth of "Pragmatica." As he sees it, "Prag Monday, February 25, 1974 Niebuhr twenty years ago over the Kinsey matics." and its theological underpinnings as report. He ls correct in that Niebuhr's method represented in Niebuhr's works lack not only Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, few in discussion of sex ethics was dtiferent morality but also historical consciousness. Americans have made such remarkable from his form of argument on other ethical Professor Shaull either intended to say he contributions to our understanding of issues. Twenty years after the dispute, the disagrees with Niebuhr's historical conscious the fields of religion and politics as the differences between Hiltner and Niebuhr seem insignificant, but Niebuhr seemed more ness or he has forgotten that he ever read late Reinhold Niebuhr. aware in the fifties of the disintegrating in· Human Destiny, The Self and the Dramas of At a time when the Nation is engaged fiuences on the nuclear family than did History, The Irony of History, etc. in serious reflection on and criticism of Hiltner using the Kinsey material. Sanders, Thomas G. "The Theology of the institutions of our society, I suggest Stone, Ronald. "The ResponsibWty of the Liberation: Christian Utopianism," Chris tianity and Crisis (September 17, 1973), 167- that the thinking of Reinhold Niebuhr Saints,." The Christian Century (Septem can afford us much profound assistance. ber 12, 1973), 881-883. 173. Juergensmeyer, Mark. "The Unfinished Alves, Rubem A. "Christian Realism: I was, therefore, interested to learn Ideology of the Establishment," Christianity that Prof. Ronald H. Stone of Pittsburgh Tasks of Reinhold Niebuhr," The Christian Century (September 12, 1973), 884-887. and Crisis (September 17, 1973), 173-176. Theological Seminary has recently com Middleton. Robert G. "Hubris In Camelot," The Liberation Theology/Christian Real· pleted a review of writings about Rein The Christian Century (September 12, 1973), ism dialogue in Christianity and Crisis re hold Niebuhr during the last 2 years. 887-888. minds the reader of discussions in its pred Professor Stone has made an effort These three articles furnished the central decessor, RMASSACHUSETTS leaflet prepared by the Air Training Just as Congress must now take an of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Command and titled "Report to Stock fensive role in regulating our national holders 1973!' Lt. Gen. William V. Mc Monday, February 25, 1974 energy policies, we must assert the needs Bride and his personnel wisely have Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. of people across the country for Federal taken the position that all citizens are Speaker, Sunday, being the 24th of Feb assistance in reducing the cost of living. shareholders in the Air Force's national ruary marked the 56th anniversary of The following letter from one of my defense mission and have provided a the declaration of independence of the constituents is the most eloquent and concise summary of last year's activities. Republic of Estonia. persuasive argument I have seen for as The Training Command has respon For two decades-1918-39-the ideals sistance in a time of difficulty. We can sibility for Air Force recruiting, and is of democracy, unfettered by Com not ignore the plea: properly proud that it has exceeded all ·munist oppression, were allowed to flour ALAMEDA, CALIF., quotas and maintained quality stand February 12, 1974. ish in Estonia. This era, which has been MY DEAR MR. STARK: A true picture of a ards for men and women. with special described as the Golden Age of Estonia, day in the life of a middle-class, part-time emphasis on minority officers and medi came to a crashing halt with the forth working, wife and mother. Maybe, just cal doctors. The Air Force has expanded coming of World War II. From that time maybe, you don't know what it's like for its own educational program, with sig forward and unfortunately even until us hundreds of thousands. nificant accreditation of its community this day the Estonian people have been I walk out of my house, which I couldn't college and the six ATC technical schools forced to live under an imperialistic Rus afford to buy today considering the incredi and computer assisted instruction for in sian regime. Although the ideals of de ble cost of housing, and get into a $5,000 dividuals. midsized Ford station wagon, which has mocracy are no longer free to exist in never run right, and consumes gasoline at The end of our participation in the practice, they will always exist in the the rate of 10 miles to the gallon. Southeast Asia fighting caused reduc hearts and minds of all Estonians. My first stop is the grocery store. one of tions in pilot training but with navigator To the people of the free world and the week's most frustrating chores. Today, training maintained at past levels. the especially to the people of the United one loaf of bread cost 52¢, the other, 7~¢. a ATC topped the Air Force Commands in States this day carries a message which package of split peas. 62¢, cross :cib :coast, flying hours and General McBride re we sometimes take for granted. $L59 per pound. Then it's a wait in line for ports improved methods are in use . It is a message of great fortitude, cour .half an hour for the pleasure of spending Race relations, drug and alcohol prob $79 for little more than the basics for a week age, and hope that has become a way to feed a family of four. lems, and other rehabilitation needs are of life for the oppressed Estonian people On to the gas station. Fuel is down to special targets, we shareholders are in in their struggle to regain their cherished just under half and it's Thursday-today's formed, and the report notes the need to ideals of democracy and self-determina signs for getting gas. I was eighth in line to adjust personal attitudes and resources tion. pay 52¢ a gallon for ethyl. Why ethyl? Be to the energy shortage. Regretfully. the joy which this occa cause the car won't run well with less oc I commend my colleagues' attention to sion should have generated has been tane! this useful summary of the Air Training denied the Estonians, once again. this Now it's onto the freeway. Approaching it, Command's continued progress: I remind myself tba.t the speed limit is 55 year, but where joy is lacking, pride 1s mph, so keep an eye on the speedometer (it REPORT TO STOCKHOLDERS 1973 prevalent. works) f RECRUITING AN ALL-VOLUNTEER FORCE Therefore. I feel. that it is indeed At 55 mph, I'm passed on both sides by The end of the draft as an enlistment fitting to commemorate both the day trucks, buses and cars. so immediately in- motivation brought new challenges to Air !1134 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2.5, 1974 Training Command's task of recruiting men State Department of Health, to name but a At Mather AFB, Calif., navigator training and women for the Air Force during 1973, few. officials have accepted the first delivery of the but hard work, fresh enlistment induce TECHNICAL TRAINING T-43, a. medium-range jet navigation trainer ments, and intensified advertising and pro While the Community College of the Air which ls the military version of the Boeing motional campaigns helped recruiters to Force brought a new dimension to the value 737. A fleet of 19 T-43s will replace moot of meet or exceed all recruiting quotas for the of technical training for airmen during 1973, the 22-yeair-old prop-driven T-29s, which year with some 80,000 young men and women efforts to update and modernize teaching will leave Mather after establishing in 1973 a entering the Air Force. Although skepticism methodology and technology continued record of 10 years of ~ying without a major had been voiced in some quarters about be throughout ATC. The principles of Instruc accident. The T-43s will provide the capabil ing able to maintain a quality force in an tional System Development (ISD) had been ity of flying more students farther at higher all-volunteer era, quality of recruits re applied to well over 100 of the command's speeds and altitudes with more up-to-date mained high throughout the year, whether resident courses by the end of the year, sys equipment-at lower operating and mainte measured by pre-entry aptitude tests or by tematically applying instructional tech nance costs. Used in conjunction with the the percentage of enlistees who are high nology to the design, conduct, and manage T-43 will be a ground-based simulator com school graduates (currently 95 % ) . Recruit ment of instruction. plex, the T-45, designed for "whole task" ing efforts focused on offering increased edu The further development of Computer As training, digital radar land-mass simulation, cational opportunities, and more recruits sisted Instruction (CAI) during the year and digital computer control of air naviga were guaranteed their choice of skill training spotlighted the advantages of self-paced, in tor training missions. at t1me of enlistment. Recruiting of women dividualized instruction as a more desirable Also accepted at Mather AFB during 1973 received more emphasis as the Air Force an alternative to the traditional "lockstep" ap was a digitally controlled simulator which nounced plans to increase the numbers of proach long associated with military train will permit a nonflying program for training women in uniform from the current 18,000 ing. of electronic warfare officers. When fully im (a 129% increase over the past five years) Also under development is computer-as plemented, the "no-fly" program will elimi to more than 48,000 by 1978. The diversity sisted simulation that facilitates teaching of nate the need for 12 aircraft. of job opportunities for women also expand complicated functions without the major Realignment of Department of Defense ac ed, as such technical skills as maintenance, expenses associated with actual first-line tivities during the past year included the engineering, computer sciences, weather, hardware items being used as training aids. closure of Laredo AFB, Tex., home of one space systems, and communications-elec Throughout 1973, ATC personnel were of ATC's undergraduate pilot training wings. tronics were opened to women applicants. A deeply involved in the planning, design, and Thanks to clooely coo·rdinated cooperation vigorous minority recruitment program for evaluation of maintenance and avionics between the base and the civilian commu the officer corps was pursued, as recruiters training which will be required to support nity, the clooure was accomplished in an moved toward the 5.6% minority officer goal the F-15 Eagle air superiority fighter and orderly manner, with little or no disrup sought by the Air Force by the end of 1978- the still-under-development B-1 bomber, as tion to the outstanding spirit of friendship a figure which wm match the projected per well as several other advanced systems now which for so long had marked the mutual centage of minority college graduates in that in the planning ox prototype stage. relationships of Air Force personnel and the year, and will more than double the current ATC continued to participate in an Inter people of Laredo. minority officer strength of 2.5%. service Training Review Program during While ATC annually has more programmed In October, Recruiting Service took over 1973, which has already saved over $300,000 flying hours than any other command, dur the responsibility of recruiting medical doc by consolidation of training courses once ing the past year its cumulative flying ac tors for the United States Air Force. Twenty conducted separately by each armed service, cident rate of 1.3 at the end of the year three medical recruiting teams composed of and promises even greater savings in the was one of the lowest in the Air Force. medical officers, noncommissioned officers and OPERATION HOMECOMING civilians were formed, trained in recruiting future. sk111s, and located in those areas of the coun Support of Reserve and Air National Guard When airmen held in captivity during the try containing a high density of medical (ANG) activities continued during 1973, as Southeast Asia conflict were returned to schools. reserve forces assumed their expanded re U.S. soil in February, ATC played a major sponsibilities under the Total Force Policy. role in the operation. Of 10 primary Air COMMUNITY COLLEGE OF THE Am FORCE (CCAF) ATC personnel, for example, assisted in Force processing centers throughout the During 1972 and 1973 the Community Col training ANG personnel for conversion from country, ATC operated three: Sheppard and lege of the Air Force and ATC's six technical F-100 aircraft to the A-7D. ATC also pro Lackland AFBs, Tex., and Keesler AFB, Miss. training schools were accredited by th~ir re vided facilities for training of more than 500 Seventy returnees were reunited wl.th fami gional accrediting associations (the Southern air reservists from 20 aerial port squadrons lies and other kin at those locations and Association of Colleges and Schools and the during annual active duty training, in addi received medical care, career development North Central Association of Colleges and tion to provid!ng training for guardsmen and briefings, and legal counseling, to mention Secondary Schools), the same agencies which reservists in a variety of skills and special only a few services made available to them. validate the quality of civilian institutions of ties at all technical training centers on a Additionally, 25 ATC instructors on the higher learning. The Community College of continuing basis. Survival School staff at Fairchild AFB, Wash., the Air Force itself was accredited by the FLYING TRAINING served as Homecoming debriefers. Later in Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Supporting the many facets of pilot and the year, ATC initia.ted requalification train in mid-December, 1973. Accreditation brings ing for returned pilots and navigators on a wider recognition of the compliance of Air navigator training throughout the command, ATC programmed more flying houxs than any personalized, self-paced basis at Randolph Force technical education with regional and AFB, Tex., and Mather AFB, Calif. national standards of educational excellence, other command in the Air Force during 1973. and vests the CCAF transcript with greater While undergraduate pilot production re THE2 HUMAN DIMENSION acceptability to civilian educational and pro duced slightly to about 3,000 per year, the There is more to Air Training Command fessional institutions throughout the coun annual undergraduate navigator piroduction than miliOO.ry and technical training. With try. Through the end of November, more than rate held at about the 1,400 mark. its popula,tion Of more than 118,000 millOO.ry 18,000 transcripts had been issued to indi Dramatic developments in flying training and civilian personnel, there are also the viduals and to more than 600 civilian colleges technology and methodology highlighted the challenging hum.an concerns that reflect and universities. The monthly demand for year, including the following: the complexities of the American society CCAF transcripts grew from less than 1,000 The Fighter Screening Program, using the at large. Dealing with these challenges in in January to more than 5,000 by November. prop-driven Cessna T-41, was consolidated a realistic manner, while preserving the In August, more than 60,000 copies of the at Hondo, Tex., Municipal Airport in May. essential framework of military discipline CCAF general catalogue were distributed to The program, designed to screen prospective and mission effectiveness, is of paramount civilian educational and Air Force locations pilots prior to entry to jet flying training importance in the all-volunteer era. throughout the world. in the T-37, formerly was administered at About 50,000 ATC personnel completed the Also in August, CCAF awarded its fil"st each of ATC's nine undergraduate pilot command's 18-hour race relations program Career Education Certificate, which repre training bases. Other screening studies un during 1973, including all commanders and sents completion of an educational pro derway are aimed at predicting, through psy key staff. Approximately 50,000 people also gram equivalent to that required by junior chological testing, the flying aptitude of offi completed a 2-hour Drug/Alcohol Education colleges for an associate degree. cer trainees. program during the calendar year. Official certification and endorsement of Progress is being made in moving toward increased use of simulation in the flying More than 21,000 ATC people contributed several of CCAF's 77 Career Education Cer training program, an increasing sophistica just under 780,000 volunteer hours in com tificate study programs were announced by tion of simulator design and implementa munity service programs throughout the such diverse agencies as the Texas Commis tion, both in pilot and navigator training. command during 1973, in projects ranging sion on Law Enforcement Oftlcer Standards respect to syllabus content, self-pacing pro from tutoring disadvantaged children to and Education; the Texas Commission on grams are underway at Williams AFB, Ariz., building or repairing community recreational Fire Protection Personnel Standards and Craig AFB, Ala., and Columbus AFB, Miss., in facilities. Education; the Federal Aviation Adminis respect to syllabus content, self-pacing pro Air Train1ing Command's 1974 Combined tration; the National Association of Church cedures, and new approaches to synthetic Federal Ca.mpaign (CFC), conducted for the Business Administrators; and the Texas trainer instruction. most part in conjunction with local United February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4135 '' Way drives, ended with a record-breaking civilian cable and radio censor under Army House Agriculture Appropriations Committee total of $1,870,507. Contributions from the and Navy Intelligence, said Foreman had found the claim was false. 15 ATC bases represented 136% of the com called him a "pinko," and questioned his The investigators also found other asser mand's established goal and surpassed the patriotism. tions in the film were false and misleading, 1973 CFC total by nearly $300,000. Foreman denied the charge, but reiterated not only as far as San Antonio was concerned For those Air Force members who have accusations that Gonzalez's "ultra-liberal but nationally. had difficulty adjusting to military life, or left wing voting record was a disservice to ALBERT FUENTES who have been convicted for serious in the Constitution of the U.S. and furthers And it was Gonzalez who first blew the fractions of the law, ATC has operated the Socialist-Communist ca.use." whistle on Albert Fuentes Jr., former special special facilities at Lowry AFB, Colo., for TWO THINGS assistant to Small Business Administration the past 21 years. During 1973, Air Force In refusing to shake hands with Foreman Administrator Hilary Sandoval, and Eddie professionals trained in psychology, medi after tempers cooled, Gonzalez observed: Montez, a former liaison man for Gonzalez. cine, and the social sciences have assisted "There a.re two things I never do. I don't The sensational charges that the two San in the rehab111tation and retraining of those drink and I don't shake hands with a SOB." Antonio men were involved in a conspiracy who are recommended for another try at In the following election in 1964, Gon to take 49 per cent of a San Antonio busi succeeding in military society. The Lowry zalez invaded Foreman's West Texas district, nessman's ornamental works company in ex achievement of better than 70 % returned and helped Democrat Dick White unseat him. change for a $100,000 SBA loan rocked the to-duty has attracted professional scrutiny "The best time to kill a rattler is when he SBA and the new administration of President and study by civi11an penal and rehabilita begins to Wiggle," Gonzalez said of his efforts Nixon. tion institutions across the nation and to keep Foreman from returning to the It was the first scandal to rock the admin throughout the world. House. istration after President Nixon took over. CHALLENGES AHEAD SECOND TIME Fuentes had served as chairman of the Viva Despite the accomplishments of the past Foreman subsequently was elected to Con Nixon organization during the 1968 cam year, 1974 will present problems and chal paign. lenges of its own. Recruiting and training a gress from New Mexico, and in the 1970 elec tion Gonzalez moved in again to assist Demo Both men were convicted and sent to a quality force in the all-volunteer era will federal correctional institution. continue to be a demanding task. For the crat Harold Runnels to unseat him in his Air Force and ATC as well as the civilian reelection bid. CIVIL RIGHTS world, the energy crisis will necessitate ad His skirmishes with Foreman are indica Perhaps Gonzalez's most noteworthy con justments in personal attitudes and man tive of a number of monumental battles that tribution over the years on the City Council, agement of resources. Gonzalez has engaged in over the years. The the state Senate, and the U.S. House of We recognize that one of our most im battles involved not only individuals, but Representatives was in the field of civil portant jobs in the year ahead will be to issues. rights. help further confidence and trust in the Significantly, the majority of the oppo Civil rights, he believes, is a moral issue, military. nents were men of money and/or position, not subject to honest differences of opinion We a.re confident that we will continue to and the issues usually were the hottest of by reasonable men. perform our mission in a manner that will the day. As a boy, Gonzalez knew discrimination, encourage public confidence and trsut. But DEFENDER was called "greaser,'' and was barred from we approach the tasks involved with the As a man who has campaigned all his po places reserved "For Whites Only." conviction that the Air Force and ATC need litical life for the common, ordinary, little FAMILY BARRED public understanding and support of basic, man, as articulator for the inarticulate, Gon As a City Councilman in San Antonio, he fundamental truths regarding the national zalez just does not joust with the poor, the and his family had been barred from use of a defense. deprived, and those unable to defend them public facility in New Braunfels. With that support by the American people, selves. And, as a councilman in the '50s, Gonzalez together we can work toward furthering a Besides never forgetting, Gonzalez also had moved, unsuccessfully, to have two sense of national unity and purpose-and never desists. blacks, State Rep. G. J. Sutton and Va.Imo reaffirming faith in our future. Ask former Federal Aviation Administrator Bellinger, appointed to the council. Najeeb Halaby, a high-handed bureaucrat But it was the state Senate which gave him who mistook himself for the king of the peo the forum to drive his points home, and he GONZALEZ NEVER FORGETS ple, instead of their servant. struck forcibly at every discriminatory meas JUST ASK ONE FOE FRESHMAN ure which ca.me before the Senate in his five When Gonzalez questioned a Halaby deci years there. sion to move the air route traffic control cen CHICK KAZEN HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE ter from San Antonio to New Orleans in 1961, He had an ally in most of those civil rights OF TEXAS Ha.la.by referred to Gonzalez as "a freshman battles in the person of then-State Sena.tor, congressman acting like a freshman." now-Congressman Chick Kazen, an Ameri IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The freshman congressman said he would can of Lebanese ancestry. The pair provided Monday, February 25, 1974 remain a freshman all his life if Halaby was two of the most powerful 1ungs in the an example of a sophomore. Senate. Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, I submit Between Aug. 6-17, 1961, Gonzalez made 10 Gonzalez and Ka.zen combined to :filibuster to you the third in a sertes of five articles floor speeches denouncing Halaby for his ar against two of 10 "race" bills in the 1957 about Congressman HENRY B. GoNZALEZ. rogance and rudeness to San Antonio civic session of the Senate, holding the floor for My friend and colleague was featured in leaders and raising questions on the proposed 36 hours and two minutes. Their stand at the San Antonio Express and News be move itself. tracted international attention. tween January 7 and January 10 by Mr. He protested to President Kennedy, who Warning of the ultimate perils of segre Jim McCrory. had appointed Halaby (Ha.la.by had raised gation, Gonzalez said the b11ls could be used funds for Kennedy in California), and he against Mexican-Americans as well as blacks. This particular article features an in took his fight to the Bureau of the Budget, cident most of us that served in these the Comptroller General, the General Serv HATE FIGHT Chambers in 1963 will remember. ices Administration, and congressional "It may be some can chloroform their The third of five parts follows: leaders. conscience,'' Gonzalez said in his 21-hour HBG WINS and two-minute floor stand. "But if we fear [From the San Antonio News, Jan. 8, 1974] long enough, we hate, and if we hate long GONZALEZ NEVER FORGETs-JUST ASK ONE FOE Gonzalez delayed the move, and on April enough, we fight." 26, 1965, President Johnson announced a new The other eight "race" bills weren't even (By James McCrory) FHA administrator. If the proper disposition for a politician is brought up after the Gonzalez-Ka.zen talka. The night before he made the appoint thon. knowing when to remember and when to ment public, President Johnson called Gon forget, Congressman Henry B. Gonzalez is Gonzalez filibustered against segregation zalez to tell him of Ha.laby's removal and he for 11 hours, and shortly after the Little indisposed. indicated that Gonzalez was partly respon Ask former U.S. Rep. Ed Forman. Gonzalez Rock, Ark., school crisis he filibustered for 20 sible. hours against a bill giving Gov. Price Daniel helped make him a former congressman ATTACK ON CBS tWice, and from two different states. authority to close Texas schools where there A polished television and radio perform was a threat of violence and possibility of the HOT EXCHANGE er who makes weekly reports to his constitu use of federal troops. The bill passed. Gonzalez and Foreman engaged in a ents on both media. Gonzalez launched a The :filibusters' effect is ha.rd to measure, heated exchange in 1963 in the House, and fullscale attack on CBS after its national but it is known that the Senate thought Gonzalez, 47, invited Foreman, 29, outside. show, "Hunger In America," in the late '60s. twice before going further on the segrega There, Gonzalez either punched or shoved The so-called documentary depicted an in tion route. the Odessa Republican, depending on which fant in a San Antonio hospital supposedly They delayed hasty action, gave senators eye-witness describes the incident. dying from malnutrition on camera. time to regain the use of reason, provided Gonzalez, who spent World War n as a Congressional investigators and the U.S. key amendments, and killed entire sections. 11136 EXnNSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 Almost as important, they directed public spoke highly of the Estonians with whom The view that a portion of today's attention to one of the most crucial issues of the day. he shared the fate of the Soviet prison moral crisis is the direct result of parent And after much of the sound and fury camps. The great Russian author espe~ failure and can be overcome in part by had died down, his fellow senators respected cially valued the Estonian devotion to God-fearing parents was well-stated in Gonzalez for his stands, whether they all democracy and the principles of self an article 2 years ago by William V. agreed with him or not. determination. Shannon, a member of the New York SENATE PRAISE Thus, the Solzhenitsyn affair once Times Magazine editorial board. Entitled That is why, in an action unprecedented, again focuses our attention to the plight "What Code of Values can We Teach Our the state Senate unanimously passed a reso of those who have been subjugated by Children?" his article was later con lution memorializing him after he went to the Soviet Union into positions of literal densed by Reader's Digest. Congress expressing the pride of the Senate slavery. Free men cannot remain quiet I would like to include it at this point in Gonzalez's service to the state. while other men are denied their liber in the RECORD. In Congress, he was a consistent supporter ties, while families are massacred, and WHAT CODE OF VALUES CAN WE TEACH OUR of measures against segregation. He voted cultures destroyed. I hope that each for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and after CHILDREN? the church bombing in Birmingham, Ala., Member will today take a moment to re (By William V. Shannon) in 1963, he obtained a special order from the flect upon the fate of small nations such Let self-doubting parents remember: n-oth Speaker to address the House on civil rights. as Estonia, and join in their hopes of re ing has invalidated the hard-earned moral establishment to their rightful place Wisdom of the ages. among the nations of the world. American children today a.re suffering from ESTONIAN FREEDOM Yesterday's commemoration of Eston widespread parent failure. By their words ian Independence Day was indeed a hol and actions, many fathers and mothers make low celebration. Let us hope and pray it clear that they are almost paralyzed by that the Estonian people may again en uncertainty. Old standards of behavior no HON. JAMES J. HOWARD longer seem to apply. Many parents are in joy the freedom which is democracy's conflict as to what their own values are. OF NEW JE.RSEY lifeblood. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Others think they know, but lack the con fidence to impose discipline in behalf of their Monday, February 25, 1974 values. Worst of all are those parents who PARENTS ARE THE KEY TO OUR doubt their right to structure a child's at Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, I would MORAL CRISIS titudes, beliefs and conduct. like to take this opportunity to join our Ironically, these difficulties have developed Estonian-American frier..ds in commem during decades when more reliable informa orating the 56th anniversary of the Es HON. JOHN B. CONLAN tion has been acquired about children, and tonian Independence Day. The historic OF ARIZONA the formation of character, than at any other time in history. What is lacking is not in declaration which established the inde IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pendent Republic of Estonia on Febru formation but conviction. Monday, February 25, 1974 What values are relevant for tomorrow's ary 24, 1918, temporarily brought to an world? We can answer this question if we end a long history of subjugation and Mr. CONLAN. Mr. Speaker, many imagine our children as young adults and ask bondage under the rule of foreign powers. Americans are seriously concerned that a. more personal series of questions about For more than 1 million Estonians, the our country faces a moral crisis of an them: Do they tell the truth to one another establishment of an independent, peace aggravated kind. and to themselves? Do they do their share loving nation marked the fulfillment of This crisis has manifested itself in a of whatever work has to be done? Can they their greatest hopes and aspirations. variety of ways: Permissive lifestyles and articulate and channel their aggression? Can they show tenderness and compassion toward Unfortunately, the joy of independ drug use are widespread; a tide of porno other people? Can they be trusted-with a ence was short lived for the Estonian graphic filth has invaded magazines, confidence, with a job, with money, with people. Although the small nation grew television, and motion pictures; cheating responsibility for another person's welfare? steadilY and registered numerous eco and deception are common; senseless Given their particular talents, are they mak nomic achievements from 1918 to 1939, violence and terrorism against innocent ing use of them? its military power was insufficient to pre citizens by advocates of social or political Every father and mother knows the an vent yet another foreign takeover. causes disrupts whole communities; and swers he and she would like to give to these disintegration of traditional family life questions. If there is agreement on the goals Through the nonaggression pacts be to be reached, then there is no profound dis tween Nazi Germany and Communist has been encouraged by the pervasive in agreement about values. How a child develops Russia, the Soviet Union gained a sphere fluence of secular humanism. into an adult depends in part, of course, on of influence over the Baltic area. Mili Especially disturbing is the widespread heredity. But in greater part it depends upon tary arrests and mass persecutions fol neglect by many Americans of moral whether parents care enough about their lowed, and Estonia was overrun. Tens of standards themselves. Many people fear children to assert and defend the necessary thousands of Estonians who resisted So that if this moral anarchy continues un values. It also means putting home respon checked, tomorrow there may be no sibilities first. Rearing our children ls by far viet collectivism and fought in the un the most important task that most of us will derground for reestablishment of their moral code at all to distinguish us from ever undertake. To accomplish it successfully beloved nation were deported. After the common animals. requires placing it above one's career. Fathers Nazi occupation during World War II, I am often asked what we can do to as wen as mothers have to be homemakers. the Soviet Union again regained control help turn the tide-to restore decency, A successful home is a school for love . .It of Estonia. honesty, and hard work as a guiding children are not loved from infancy through Since that time, the fate of Estonia has force in society. My response is that our their growing years, they cannot learn to love been controlled from the Kremlin. The people, as individuals, must recommit others and to become happy adults. themselves to the spiritual values that But love is not enough. Children need dis harsh and brutal repression of the So cipline if they are to develop competent, self viet regime has come to be a fact of life are the heritage of the Judaic-Christian confident personalities. In the imposing of for the Estonian people. Excessive prison world. And we must all do as much as we discipline, only a humorless martinet would sentences and forced exiles have accom can to bolster standards of good behavior fall to have occasional doubts about the right panied a Soviet effort to destroy the in our own families and communities, course. But doubt is one thing, and abdica Estonian sense of nationalism, and those remembering that nothing has invali tion is another. Those parents who do not of us who enjoy freedom cannot help but dated the hard-earned moral wisdom of persevere in rearing their children according the ages. to their own convictions are not leaving sympathize with these brave people in them "free" to develop on their own. Instead, their hopes to once again gain indepen Government itself cannot save ·our they are letting other children and the media, dence. moral order. Neither can our schools or principally television and the movies, do the The recent deportation of Nobel prize our police, per se. They can do much to job. winning author Alexander Solzhenitsyn prevent contributing to the general moral On basic issues of right and wrong, the es by the Soviet Union is another dramatic breakdown and the strain on family life, sential values are what they have always example of the repressive measures ex but only individual citizens personally been. Nothing has invalidated the hard In earned moral wisdom that mankind has ac ployed by the communist regime. the reconciled to God can foster positive at cumulated since Biblical times. To kill, to very work which ultimately led to his titudes about acceptable civilized be steal, to lie, or to covet another person's arrest by Soviet authorities, "The Gulag havior that will be passed down to future possessions still leads to varying degrees of Archipelago, 1918-1956," Solzhenitsyn generations. misery for the victim and the perpetrator. February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4137 The 20th century has not found a way to instill in them a positive attitude toward writing his or her name and employee repeal the Ten Commandments. "Thou shalt work. Such an attitude involves acceptance identification number on a form which not commit adultery"' may sound old-fash of a relationship between effort and reward, has been distributed to all employees and ioned, but restated in contemporary terms a willingness to share, an ab111ty to follow returning the form to a foreman or "Do not smash up another person's family and accept discipline as well as to lead and supervisor, or to Mr. Franzen. life"-it still carries a worthwhile message. give direction, and a capacity to postpone Participation in the car pooling pro Some modern parents are already so de immediate gratification for the sake of later featist on sexual issues that they are having accomplishment. No child should be stifled gram, even after the names and address their 14-year-old daughters fitted with dia or severely coerced, but too much emphasis es have been given out, is strictly volun phragms or given prescriptions for the pill. has probably been placed on self-expression, tary. Those wishing to take part will con But the powerful emotions surrounding the with the result that many children grow up tact one another, using their lists to de sexual act cannot be screened out as easily as never realizing that there are times when termine likely prospects in their areas. the sperm. There are those who argue that they can be happy only if they subordinate No one is obliged to participate by having sex can be completely pleasurable even if one themselves. their name listed. The computer work is barely knows, or loathes, one's partner. I sug Probably the whole point of rearing a child gest that most young people are not so tough can be summed up in one word: "individual being supplied by Kaiser Steel as a free or neurotic. Whatever they may protest to the ity." That ls, helping him to be who he is service-at no charge to anyone. contrary, their feelings are engaged in the with all his strengths and nuances of per Mr. Speaker, the advantages of car sexual act and their feelings are bruised sonalit y and distinctiveness of background. pooling are widely known; I need not when it leads nowhere. Naturally, the stronger the parents, the elaborate on them. But I would like to Children of both sexes have to be taught more coherent the values of the family, the emphasize the magnitude of the benefits what wise mothers have always told their easier it will be for the child to evolve his of such a large car pooling program. Mr. daughters: that an intimate and important individuality. experience is cheapened when it is divorced It is equally important that parents put Franzen has calculated that if just 5 from love. In sexual relations as in other forward a positive attitude toward their percent of the employees at Kaiser's areas life, Americans have to relearn the sat own racial and ethnic heritage. There are Fontana plant participate, it will take isfaction of self-denial and anticipation. It some untenable and self-defeating impulses more than 400 cars off the road. This would do no harm to 16- and 17-year-olds in the Black Power movement, but for Negro will not only reduce the gasoline short boys and girls to know the facts about sex children there is surely an enormous psychic age, but also the clean air shortage, and and yet not engage in intercourse. A certain gain in being taught that "black is beau it will save wear and tear on 400 cars at amount of frustration and tension can be en tiful." Black is beautiful-and so ar~ white, dured-and with good effect. Only modern red, brown and yellow. the same time. Americans regard frustration as ranking But the dark side of ethnic self-esteem is The program will take effect in March, higher than cholera in the scale of human prejudice. My observations convince me that Mr. Speaker, and I eagerly look forward afflictions. youngsters are naturally suspicious and to the first results. If other large com For probably four fifths of American chil somet imes hostile to the unfamiliar face or panies will follow Kaiser's lead it will be dren, the affiuen t society is an overpowering the different skin. Racial tolerance, like of tremendous assistance to us as we at reality that neither they nor their parents courtesy or not slugging one's little brother, tempt to overcome the short-term prob have learned to manage. No children in the has to be taught. lems we are currently encountering. history of the world have been so inundated Almost anything that a family does to with junk or have become so accustomed to gether-whether it is eating in a restaurant the idea that a high level of material goods or camping or going on a vacation or going is essential. This breeds an unattractive ma to church, or hiking or bicycling or work terialism. It destroys a child's time-scale ing on the family boat-is wol'thwhile, be WOMEN IN BUSINESS and sense of proportion. A material object cause it promotes a family spirit. Children which should be cherished at age 16 because may resent at times that they cannot do it has been earned by odd jobs on Satur what every other child on the block is HON. PETER A. PEYSER days is nowadays a broken castoff when a doing, but, far outbalancing that resent OF NEW YORK child is half that age. ment, they gain the security of family mem IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In our family, there- are no gifts when bership. Faither returns from a trip, no casual, im The civilizing of a child begins with the Monday, February 25, 1974 pulse buying at the supermarket or the recognition of restraints. If a child is to Mr. PEYSER. Mr. Speaker, for many drugstore. The gift that is earned by per learn to be an adult, he has to begin by forming a few chores or that is made at respecting the adults he knows best-his years I have been interested in the sig home out of simple materials is preferable, parents and grandparents. By learning to nificant contributions women have made because it is within a child's natural range obey his father and mother, a child has in operating businesses and assuming of experience and not borrowed from a false the freedom within the sure boundaries they leadership roles in determining corporate adult world of money and advertising. set for him to discover his own identity. By policy. Mrs. Sally L. Cohen, a resident of The hippies and flower children of the learning to respect other people's rights, a Yonkers, exemplifies the talent and dy 1960s were inevitable. As members of the child gains the self-confidence to claim his namism that women have long exhibited first generation to grow up in the TV age, own. they were the rebels against the materialism in the business world. The Journal of and hedonism which television advertising Business in New York State, published by inculcates. Sick of excessive stress on tooth KAISER ENCOURAGES CAR POOLING the N.Y. State Department of Commerce, pastes and deodorants, they grew up deter recently contained the following tribute mined never to take a bath. Sick of a world TO CONSERVE ENERGY to Mrs. Cohen who has done an outstand in which automobiles and air-conditioning ing job of operating and expanding the were equated with happiness, they turned HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. Excelsior Transparent Bag Corp. of their backs on the simplest material neces sities. Sick of competition for glossy baubles, OF CALIFORNIA Yonkers, N.Y. they opted out of the workaday world. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The article follows: A distinction has to be made between the Monday, February 25, 1974 DIVERSIFIED SMALL INDUSTRY IN THE FABULOUS disdain for materialism and the necessity of WESTCHESTER AREA a. work ethic. An individual can be indif Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak Things have not always been easy for Mrs. ferent to material rewards as such, but still er, Kaiser Steel in Fontana, Calif., is Cohen. She inherited the business when her have a positive attitude toward work. Work making an effort to conserve gasoline and first husband died, and it took many long in the best sense is an expression of a per reduce pollution that deserves some at hours of hard work to continue her respon son's intellectual powers or artistic sensibil sibility of raising four children as well as ity or physical strength or personality. There tention. Mr. Jim Franzen, an industrial making a success of the enterprise. As a re is satisfaction in making use of each of these engineer at the Fontana plant, has orga sult of her experience she believes "a mother human capacities. nized a computerized program under who works has learned to schedule her time . If one's work does not provide any kind which every one of the approximately so that she actually spends more time with of distinctive outlet, it may still provide the 9,000 employees at the plant will be given her family, and to better advantage, than the psychic rewards of being a member of a the names of other Kaiser employees average non-working mother who is caught group with its own elan and cohesiveness. living in his or her immediate area. In up in meaningless social activity." Since no society has yet been invented in dividual employees need take no action Her success in combining two careers is which the overwhelming majority can sur attested to by the fact that all four of her vive without working, and since everything whatsoever to be included in this pro children, now grown and educated, are a part we have learned about human beings sug gram; every individual's name and ad of the business with an enthusiasm matching gests that they are happier when they are dress will be fed into the computer unless her own. performing some useful function, parents the employee specifically requests that As one of the largest independent opera have an obligation to their children to his or her name be held out by simply tions in the flexible packaging industry, 413·8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 Excelsior has wide capabilities in its ma organization's successful recruiting pro pressures in that respect. It would take chines, which can economically produce runs gram: effect only if Solzhenitsyn freely ex from thousand£ to millions. Many of its cus THE ADJUTANT GENERAL, presses his wishes to have it do so, by tomers, which range from small specialty THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, writing to the Secretary of State. Should producers to mass merchandisers, learned of Concord, N.H., February 8, 1974. that occur, my bill would remove all im Excelsior by word of mouth advertising, and Hon. JAMES c. CLEVELAND, Mrs. Cohen believes that customer recom Longworth House Office Building, pediments to his acquiring a visa, wheth mendation of her company's services has Washington, D.C. er because of his statelessness or be been a potent factor in its growth. DEAR CONGRESSMAN CLEVELAND: You may be cause of other procedural delays and The Cohens are extremely civic-minded, interested in knowing that the strength of requirements normally encountered un sponsoring two local Little League ball teams, the New Hampshire Army National Guard is der the Immigration and Nationality fo:.- example. They work closely with the now 2436, or 106 % of its programmed Act. community's Board of Cooperative Educa strength. This figure represents 164 officers, Mr. Speaker, these are not abstract tional Services school to develop courses 37 warrant officers and 2235 enlisted men. my In which will equip young people for jobs. Mrs. We are now second only to Puerto Rico in gestures on part. consultation with Cohen is also a member of the Yonkers' actual vs. programmed strength. the Iowa Writers' Workshop, I have per Mayor's Council on Consumer Affairs. During the month of January, an all-out sonally invited Mr. Solzhenitsyn to ac And, just to assure continuity of this re recruiting drive succeeded beyond all expec cept their off er of a quiet and congenial sourceful family business, there are six tations. The enthusiastic attitudes and vig haven in which to continue his writing grandchildren waiting in the wings. orous recruiting efforts were apparent at as a free and honorable man. A copy of every level from Colonel to Private, which my cable to him is inserted for printing would seem to indicate excellent prospects in the RECORD. I do not know when he EXCELSIOR TRANSPARENT BAG CO., INC., for an all volunteer force. YONKERS Being aware of your keen interest in the will reach a decision about this invita From a two man cellophane converting posture of the Reserve Forces, I am pleased tion, or what that decision may be when plant in 1945 to a full service, highly tech to forward this information. he does make it-but I hope and trust nical flexible packaging operation with 100 Sin<:erely, that he will recognize the unity that employees today-that is the record Excelsior F. B. McSwINEY, joins his fearless spirit with that of our Transparent Bag has racked up under the Major General, AGC, NHNG, The Adju own freedom-loving people :in Iowa and leadership of Sally L. Cohen. tant General. the Nation. And further expansion is in the wind today the company utilizes a 42,000 square The two bills and cable follow: foot building which is bursting at the seams; H.R. 13027 shortly lt will occupy an existing 120,000 TWO BILLS TO HONOR AND A bill to permit Alexander Solzhenitsyn and square foot building on six waterfront acres his family to become permanent residents in Yonkers. COMFORT SOLZHENITSYN of the United States if Mr. Solzhenitsyn The company offers broad service to indus wants to immigrate to the United States tries requiring creative packaging, utilizing Be it enacted by the Senate and House of films, foils, papers and a host of combina HON. JOHN C. CULVER Representatives of the United. States of tions and laminates. Oriented primarily to OF IOWA America in Congress assembled, T.hat not the food industry, Excelsior is prepared to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES withstanding any provision of the Immigra clarify the market for the product, work out tion and Nationality Act or any other provi a full marketing approach, design and pro Monday, February 25, 1974 si-0n of Federal law, upon written request duce the package and means for displaying Mr. CULVER. Mr. Speaker, I am to by Alexander Solzhenitsyn to the United it. States Secretary of State, Mr. Solzhenitsyn, day introducing two bills to extend the his wife, and his unmarried children shall recognition and the hospitality of the each be issued a visa and shall each be ad United States to the expelled Russian mitted to the United States for permanent CONGRATULATIONS TO NEW HAMP novelist Alexander Solzhenitsyn. I am residence at his request. ·SHIRE ARMY NATIONAL GUARD inserting the text of these two bills to be printed in the RECORD at the close H.R. 13026 of my remarks. A bill to confer honorary United States citi Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MO TGOMERY The first measure would confer hon zenship upon Alexander Solzhenitsyn OF MISSISSIPPI orary U.S. citizenship on Mr. Solzhenit Be it enacted by the Senate and House of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES syn. It follows earlier precedents of the Representatives of the United States of Congress in awarding this status to the America in Congress assembled, That Alex Monday, February 25, 1974 Marquis de Lafayette and to Winston ander Solzhenitsyn shall be an honorary citi Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, a Churchill, with one important excep zen of the United States of America. few weeks ago I rose on the House :floor tion. . The Churchill bill for example AMERICAN EMBASSY BONN. to commend the Mississippi Army Na vested authority in the President to con Representative John Culver, member of the tional Guard for the excellent job they fer honorary citizenship, through what, House Foreign Affairs Committee, requests had done in recruiting and the efforts in effect, was a formal diplomatic ges following message be conveyed through Hein they had put forth to maintain their ture extending the hand of amity to the rich Baell or other literary channels to authorized strength levels. My good British people as a whole through their Solzhenitsyn: friend and colleague the gentleman celebrated leader. That would obviously "I very much hope that, when your family from New Hampshire, Congressman be inappropriate in this case, so my bill has been reunited, and you have had a CLEVELAND, has brought to my attention chance to relax and reflect, you will give seri simply declares "that Alexander Solz ous consideration to accepting the invitation the commendable record that has been henitsyn shall be an honorary citizen of forwarded through your attorney in Switzer achieved by the Army National Guard in the United States." It is an act of rec land to at least visit and perhaps join the the Granite State of New Hampshire. ognition of a freedom-loving individual, faculty of the Writers Workshop at the Uni Under the leadership of Maj. Gen. F. B. pure and simple, with no diplomatic en versity of Iowa. It would give you peace and McSwiney and the officers and men un tanglements whatever. calm in which to continue your writing of der his command, the New Hampshire The second measure would allow which the world is so proud. Army National Guard completed a high Solzhenitsyn and his family, once re "The countryside in Iowa is very like that ly successful recruiting program during of Northern Europe, and many of our people united, to enter and reside in the United are of Scandinavian and Slavic origin. Anton the month of January that resulted in States-if and only if they choose to do Dvorak settled in Iowa and composed his their achieving 106 percent of its pro so. It is a humanitarian offer of refuge, new world symphony here. gramed strength. I commend the New bespeaking our sympathy and admira "You need not be a citizen to enter or re Hampshire Army National Guard and tion for this embattled but uncowab1e side in the United States, although I am in hope other States will be following the man of letters. He will, of course, decide troducing legislation to grant you U.S. citi example set by them and my own State where he wishes to settle, be it in Scan zenship if you should wish it. of Mississsippi. For the information of dinavia or Switzerland or possibly these "I am sure I speak for all Iowans in saying my colleagues, I include a copy of the United States. No act on our part should we would welcome and respect having you, a letter Major General McSwiney sent to seek to politicize his process of choice, son of Russia and citizen of the world, as Representative CLEVELAND regarding his and the bill I am introducing avoids any our neighbor and friend." February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4139· EXPANDING THE RIGHT TO VOTE This rapidly developing phenomena of po Another ploy is the opinion poll. litical non-participation is threatening to The trick is to word the question to elicit destroy our democratic society as we know the desired response. Polls commonly lack HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL it, even faster than pollution or inflation. validation. A poll which asks if the citli.zen favors federal regulation of firearms may OF NEW YORK Legislation bottled up in the House get a positive response, but never does a poll IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Rules Committee would help remedy seek to learn public knowledge of present Monday, February 25, 1974 this critical situation. I testified there laws. in favor of the Voter Registration Act, I'll venture to guess that a poll done on Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, as the No but it is still languishing in committee. the percentage of handguns thought to be vember elections approach, it is urgent To those of us from communities tradi used in crime would show wide variance that election reform legislation still tied tionally wielding little power in govern from known statistics. Should a campalJ.gn up in committee be acted upon. The ab mental policymaking, election reform against handguns succeed, polls may show sence of a workable mail registration that most of the citizenry favors confisca and expanding the right to vote means tion. So what? Shall civil rights be denied by system is a major factor in the embarra an opportunity for a fair share of our a majority decisions? Bills of rights were de singly low registration and voting turn own Government. At a press conference vised to recognize rights and protect them out in American elections. in New York City last year, I was joined from tyranny of the majority. The use of complex and inconvenient by David Dinkins, then president of the When opponents tell us there is some voting procedures has effectively disen Board of Elections, William Larkin, then thing wrong with firearms ownership itself, franchised millions of potential voters. a member of the Board of Elections, Prof. they reveal more about themselves than The hardship of registering to vote in Penn Kimball of Columbia University, an about the issue raised. Ameri cans had and person at a city hall or county court authority on the election process, and used firearms for three centuries before Hol house falls primarily on the poor, the lywood began making up myths about own former Attorney General Ramsey Clark. ership, a common law right recognized in worker who cannot leave his job in the The common concern at that press con most state constitutions and in the federal middle of the day, the sick, the handi ference was the disenfranchisement of Bill of Rights. Firearms ownership does not capped, and the aged. Mail registration American citizens by antiquated voter indicate a basic predilection to violence. would make the cherished power of the registration laws. Handguns are today being subject to spe vote more of a right and less of a privi If the 1974 elections are to be a true cial vilification. A few basics about hand lege. opportunity for the American people to guns and their use should be noted. Before While House inaction continues there playing devil's advocate, however, I'll add express their views on the leaders and the caveats that I have never urged any citi have been several favorable steps being policies available, we must open up the made in my own State of New York to zen to possess or carry a handgun or any election process. other firearm and I firmly believe that any ward electoral reform. one who owns a firearm should know exactly Paul O'DwYer, the distinguished presi how and when to use it legally, safely, accu dent of the New York City Council, has rately and prudently. forcefully endorsed a mail registration SELF-DEFENSE OF FREE MEN, Handguns differ from other firearms not plan. ANCIENT RIGHT-PART II by function but by mobility. They do not The New York Post, in an editorial in have purpose, unless one believes in animism. support of mail registration said: Very often a handgun is the only practical There would doubtless be some admin firearm for self defense. A long gun is awk istrative complexity in a mail registration HON. JOHN D. DINGELL ward to store and cannot be cleared for ac program. Accurate reporting and record OF MICHIGAN tion as quickly as a handgun. Those who keeping would be basic, both to insure full IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES keep handguns for self-defense tend to view participation and to prevent fraud. But use them not as threatening instruments but of the mails for important transactions is Monday, February 25, 1974 as precautionary devices akin to fire extin hardly a novelty any more. Voters routinely Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant guishers; there if needed, but hopefully not; make bank deposits, borrow money, obtain permission granted I insert into the objects of psychological assurance if noth credit, pay bills, purchase merchandise and to ing else. The handgun is an equalizer against carry on a variety of other business via the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD another excellent the criminal and the right to use it is often post office. editorial appearing in the Manchester, the right to life itself. Contrary to apparent N.H., Union Leader of Thursday, Janu popular belief, however, most cases in which Salvatore Sclafani, president of the ary 3, 1974, by Mr. Gordon N. Johnson, handguns are used in self-defense do not in N~w York City Board of Elections, re chief of police of Minneapolis, Minn., volve killing or bodily injury. cently testified before a joint hearing o'f which speaks clearly for itself. Often the sight of a handgun is all the the New York State Legislature's Select In this Mr. Johnson discusses the "action needed to nip in the bud an at Committee on the Election Law and a tempted assault or criminal violation. threats now rampant in the land to the Opponents of handgun ownership assume citizens advisory group which is drafting ancient right of free men to own and use recommendations on election law reform. that the defender is always the loser in an firearms for legitimate hunting, sport encounter. Although there has never been Mr. S.clafani also called for allowing citi ing, and defense purposes. a scholarly, broad range study done on hand zens to register to vote by mail. Chief of Police Johnson is entitled to guns actively used in self defense, it does not Even the New York State Senate, long discuss these matters and to be critical appear valid. But even should it be, who has a roadblock to electoral reform, unani of the statistical games played by those the right to say that a citizen may not de mously voted to authorize absentee vot who seek to strip law-abiding citizens of fend himself? ing in primary elections, a matter de this ancient and honored right: Police forces were never designed to pro cided long ago by virtually every other vide general personal security; that reliance WHEN OPPONENTS SAY SOMETHING Is WRONG has of necessity rested with the people. Who State in the country. WITH FIREARMS OWNERSHIP, THEY FORGET- The concept of a democratic govern · provides protection in the ninety seconds be 40 Mn.LION IN UNITED STATES HAVE A 350- fore the squad car arrives? It would be an ment is a farce unless the Government YEAR-OLD RIGHT ultimate madness of the bleeding heart lib does all in its power to make full partici (By Gordon N. Johnson) eral to disarm the public to the peace of pation in elections and other decision The statistics game is a common ploy. mind of the criminal. making processes a reality. When only I could play it too, citing Minnesota's low Regardless of the need for handguns,, a 55 percent of those eligible to vote actu crime rate and attributing it to relatively move to confiscate them outright or through ally go to the polling place during a non-repressive laws! However, any half-wit increased repression seems to be picking up Presidential election-the case in 1972- ted excuse for a social scientist knows that a ground. Some of the same people who said there is a serious and frightening dan scientific study must involve isolation of in 1968 they only wanted to register the guns, ger that all power will be abdicated to variables. now openly admit they seek confisoa.tion. The general problem is that the varied Confiscation has been endorsed by nation the wealthy, the powerful, and the power causes of crime are still not well known, to al com.missions, by the Americans for Dem hungry. say nothing of being taken into consid ocratic Action, the Committee for Economic The National Voter Registration eration. Firearms or firearms laws are not Development, and the Young Women's Rights Act of 1973 which I introduced among the 11 major variables of crime as list Christian Association, among others. in the House of Representatives would ed at the front of the FBI's latest Uniform The totalitarian approach has prevented help reverse this trend toward nonpar Crime Reports. There are even more variables the passage of good legislation, an example ticipation. As I said a year ago, involved when countries are compared. being regulation of the so-called "Saturday CXX--261-Part 3 4140 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2·5, 1974 Night Specials." Quality control standards would use a press registration list for con tories and the accrual method of ac for handguns are desirable. When the confis fiscation. Discretionary power exercised by cators came along, they tried to eliminate governmental issuing authorities also would counting. These rules were understand as many handguns as possible. not be misused to confiscate p·rinting presses, able years ago, when the farmer may not One ploy was class legislation, getting rid but merely to verify and insure the good have had the opportunity for as much of "cheap" handguns, depriving the poor. character of editors and determine their need formal education as his city cousins. Another ploy was to allow only handguns to publish given stories. After all, if you These special rules, however, have been 3Uitable for sporting purposes, not for self can't trust your elected public officials, who used by those whose real purpose in life defense. Let's face it, a short barreled hand can you trust? is not farming-but reducing their tax gun is often ideal for self defense and it does Think about it. burden. The special rules designed to not have to be a cannon. Caliber varies with need. Women, who may be subject to more help the American farmer are now used non-lethal attacks than lethal, may choose WHY AMERICAN MILLIONAIRES ARE by Wall Street investors who seldom see a diminutive handgun of small caliber. It any larger open space than Central Park. may not kill an attacker, but he knows he'll THE WORLD'S WORST FARMERS The importance of the special rules be miserable for a long time, if only in think OR, HOW THE TAX CODE CONTIN can be seen from an example which was ing about his good fortune in being still UES TO ENCOURAGE TAX LOSS included in the Senate report on the Tax among the living. FARMING Reform Act. In this example, a taxpayer As things stand now, I'm afraid the legit imate issue of quality control has gone sells $1,000 worth of a product which down with the ship. cost him $800 to produce. The $1,000 in HON. CHARLES A. VANIK farm income can be treated as capital The main concern for me is that the police OF OHIO will end up taking the rap for this misguided gains, while the $800 is deducted against totalitarian zeal. I'm worried that if we're IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ordinary income. In other words, the sale forced to act like the Gestapo we'll get an Monday, February 25, 1974 is taxed at capital gains rates, about 25 appropriate reception. percent, while the cost is deductible at I'd rather fight crime than try to talte Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, the 1969 Tax the firearms from 40,000,000 Americans who Reform Act closed the tax loopholes the taxpayer's marginal tax rate-up to believe they have a 350-year old right to which permitted tax loss farming by 50 percent and even more. have them. wealthy individuals-right? Wrong. If the taxpayer in this example is in When the proponents of repressive legis Many of us in the Congress may have the 50-percent bracket, his tax saving is lation fail, they invariably ignore the faults $400 on the deduction of the costs. If the of the legislation and project blame upon thought that we were closing a tax loop product he sold is taxed at the 25-percent the "gun lobby," particularly the National hole in 1969, but the Treasury Depart capital gains rate, his tax is $250. This Rifle Association. They badly misapprehend ment's "Individual Statistics of Income" means a net reduction in taxes of $150- their opponents. for 1970 show that the loophole lives An active five per cent of gun owners (not despite the fact that actually, economi on-that American millionaires are still cally, a $200 gain was realized. including myself) belong to the N.R.A., but the world's worst farmers-but keep get the majority also opposes repressive legisla As the Senate report further noted: tion, and on essentially a civil rights basis. ting richer through the magic of the tax code. In contrast, were the entire $800 to be It should be evident that the basic freedoms treated as the cost basis for the $1,000 asset, of speech, press, religion, and the right to In 1969, the last year that the old even though the $200 gain still was taxed at have and use arms are probably the most law relating to farming tax losses was in capital gains rates, instead of receiving a tax fiercely defended civil and constitutional effect, 27 American millionaires made reductioh of ... $150 ... the taxpayer would rights. $1,770,000 from farm operations-but 136 have an additional tax cost of $50. Many a politician has been mauled in the millionaires managed to lose-generally process of learning that the "gun lobby" is for tax purposes-$9,037,000 on farm op Thus the total tax gain of using the primarily a broadly based citizens' rights special rules is actually $200 in the above group rather than an industry lobby. Repres erations. In other words,· these million example. sive legislation has the counter-productive aires, whom most of us would think must be pretty good managers and business Quoting again from the House report: effect of arousing citizens who want to be These rules have allowed some high-in left alone. When we look at the proponents men-lost an average of $66,448 each in come taxpayers who carry on limited farm of repressive legislation we are faced with farm operations. ing activities as a sideline to obtain a tax the strange spectacle of explicitly named In 1970, under the new law, only 19 loss (but not an economic loss) which is de civil rights organizations trying to stamp out millionaires made $435,000 from farm another civil rights movement and denying ducted from their high-bracket, nonfarm its right to exist on the precarious constitu ing.Ninety-four "lost," generally for tax income. tional argument that part of the Bill of purposes, $12,046,000 for an average This has also been a tax loophole which Rights is outdated or should be. "loss" of $128,149 each. Instead of their usual role in defending In short, the amendments may have particularly benefited the wealthy. abusers of civil rights, here they try to deny discouraged a few individuals from try Again, as the House report noted: rights to those who have not abused them. ing the tax farm loss gimmick, but those Data prepared by the Treasury Department Consistency, it seems, is a trait most ad wealthy individuals who continued indicates that in the farming business, as dis mired in others. tinguished from other types of business, it In the interest of empathy, consider some nearly doubled their tax advantage. appears the trend toward losses increases as of the "gun control" arguments facetiously Truly, the American millionaire has a the taxpayer's adjusted gross income in applied to press controls: The time is pa.st green thumb; it does not help him grow creases. when editors could fire off their opinions in things-but it brings in the green. any direction without hurting anyone. In a The statistics will show, Mr. Speaker, As a result of these concerns, the Con crowded society we must all agree to respon that we failed to close the tax-loss farm gress attempted to correct the situation sible press controls. Freedom of the press in ing loophole in 1969-and additional and in the 1969 Tax Reform Act. In short, the the Bill of Rights is not an individual free · more thorough reform is needed. new law provided that a person who had dom, but corporate, meaning the government and its printing office. The example of tax-loss farming is nonfarm income of $50,000 or more and This epidemic of printed lies and character just one more argument for tax reform who had $25,000 in farm losses, would assassinations cries for government action. this year. have to treat capital gains arising on the How long will Congress be cowed by the self In 1939 the Congress decided, accord sale or disposition of farm property as seeking press lobby? It is time to pass the ing to the House report on the Tax Re · ordinary income rather than as capital Personal Safety Press Control Act of 1973. form Act, that for those with farm in The act will involve minor inconveniences, gains income. come: Unfortunately, the amendment did not but no responsible editor can argue against The combination of a current deduction submitting his stories in advance for a mini against ordinary income for various farm work. The statistics of income for 1970 mal check on accuracy, libel, and the like. expenditures which are capital in nature and show that the number of very wealthy The provision for registering printing the capital gains treatment granted on the individuals engaged in tax farm losses presses is necessary to prevent the printing sale of the asset to which the expenditures has declined slightly-but their tax sav of lies. Admittedly, there are those who feel relate produce a significant tax advantage ings continue to rise. that the only purpose of a printing press is and tax saving for the taxpayer whose or Following are the tax loss farming fig character assassination, but be assured that dinary income is taxed in a high bracket. no one in government presently has any plans ures for 1964 through 1966 excerpted to confiscate printing presses, except when These special provisions grew up, from the 1969 House report. In addition, misused. largely, as an effort to save the farmer I am listing the figures for 1967, 1968, Should there be a change in policy, it is the labor and extra effort of the book 1969, and 1970 for those with more than unthinkable that anyone in public office keeping chores associated with inven- $100,000 adjusted gross income: February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4141 TABLE 1.-NET FARM LOSS, NUMBER OF RETURNS AND AVERAGE NET FARM LOSS, BY AGI CLASS, TAXABLE RETURNS, 1964, 1965, AND 1966
1964 1965 1966 Number of Net loss Average Number of Net loss Average Number of Net loss Average AGI classes (thousands) returns (thousands) loss returns (thousands) loss returns (thousands) loss
0 to $5 ______222, 910 $236, 049 $1, 059 197, 762 $203, 526 $1, 029 171, 410 $167, 024 $974 $5 to $10 ______------314, 346 340, 867 1, 084 319, 741 334, 943 1, 048 324, 312 349, 196 1, 077 $10 to $15 ______---____ --_--- ___ 70, 351 112, 499 1, 599 79, 564 123, 177 l, 548 104, 509 142, 655 1, 365 $15 to $20 ______------17, 969 48, 817 2, 717 23, 843 60, 292 2, 529 31, 667 35, 370 2, 380 $20 to $50 ______----_____ ------29, 394 152, 693 5, 195 30, 380 133, 187 4, 384 36, 861 154, 263 4, 185 $50 to $100 ______------__ 6, 865 63, 526 9, 254 7, 424 76, 852 10, 352 8, 863 76, 402 8,620 $100 to $500 1------2, 546 53, 608 21, 056 2, 874 54, 872 19, 093 13, 241 I 60, 789 I 18, 756 $500 to $1,00 o____ ------145 5, 295 36, 517 170 6, 625 38, 971 193 7, 566 39, 202 $1,000 and over ______.______76 4, 500 59, 211 103 7, 630 74, 078 88 3, 555 40, 398
1Greater detail available for 1966.
Net Net Net Net profit loss Average profit loss Average (number (number net (number (number net of of loss/ of of loss/ returns) Amount returns) Amount return returns) Amount returns) Amount return
1967: 1969: $100,000 to $200,000 ______1, 052 $21, 569, 000 3, 009 $47, 800, 000 $15, 886 $100,000 to $200,000 ______1, 530 $27, 838, 000 4, 116 $62, 634, 000 $15, 217 $200,000 to $500,ooo______225 3, 473, 000 1, 044 29, 874, 000 28, 615 $200,000 to $500,000 ______331 6, 623, 000 1, 212 37, 349, 000 30, 816 $500,000 to $1,000,000 ______35 950, 000 243 11, 503, 000 47, 337 $500,000 to $1,000,000. ----- 35 1, 212, 000 271 11, 129, 000 41, 066 $1,000,000 plus ______12 73, 000 108 8, 007, 000 74, 139 $1,000,000 plus ______27 770, 000 136 9, 037, 000 66, 448 1968: 1970: $100,000 to $200,000 ______l, 309 25, 299, 000 3, 653 59, 013, 000 16, 155 $100,000 to $200,000 ______.__ 1, 767 32, 462, 000 3, 846 6,8, 560, 000 17, 826 $200,000 to $500,000 ______321 6, 699, 000 1, 242 37, 038, 000 29, 821 $200,000 to $500,000 ______389 6, 899, 000 1, 166 36, 771, 000 31, 536 $500,000 to $1,000,000 ______55 2, 258, 000 277 11, 161, 000 40, 292 $500,000 to $1,000,000. _____ 55 1, 979, 000 210 9, 060, 000 43, 142 $1,000,000 plus ______29 1, 046, 000 134 9, 525, 000 71, 082 $1,000,000 plus ______19 435, 000 94 12, 046, 000 128, 149
CONCLUSION The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, intent affect banks whether they are members o! on control and growth at the expense of the Fed system or not. In the murky maze of the tax code, Almarin Phillips, professor of economics "going broke" for the tax-loss farmer the American citizen, now announces and law at the University of Pennsylvania really means making hay. These abuses, that it is increasing its short-term swap and co-author with Robertson, said the re which are still unrestrained, create huge agreements with Italy by $1 billion. serve requirements are too inflexible to be tax inequities and serve to distort agri Americans still face problems in try used as a tool of short-term monetary policy. cultural markets and drive up the cost ing to shore up their financial losses by The Fed contends that as its controls over of the land. These unfair tax rules create private ownership of gold. Last year, the checking accounts shrink, any action it takes an unfair competition for the real farmer. Par Value Modification Act authorized against the remaining bank deposits must be the President, when he determined that more stringent, which encourages more banks The tax laws which encourage the to leave the system. Fed member banks earn false, unreal, deceptive habit of tax it would not have an adverse effect on no money on their reserves, while many state farming must be repealed. We must our international monetary position, to member banks can put their state-set re make new efforts in this year's tax delib lift the present barriers on private serves into earning assets. erations to repeal these special tax rules. ownership of gold. He said that the Fed has seldom used the Apparently, the President has not reserve requirement in the nearly 40 years it heard from enough inflation-weary has had it in its arsenal. ARCHAIC BAN ON GOLD OWNER Americans concerning their right to own Both professors contended that the Fed SHIP SHACKLES AMERICANS eral Reserve has presented no evidence to gold to encourage him to use his discre support its stand that its ability to set tionary powers to free Americans from monetary policy is eroded because the portion HON. JOHN R. RARICK the shackles of the archaic ban on gold of checking accounts subject to its reserve requirements is declining. OF LOUISIANA ownership. I include the related newsclippings: While 17.2 per cent of checking deposits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were not subject to Fed controls in 1960, 25.4 [From the Washington Post, Feb. 21, 1974] Monday, February 25, 1974 per cent were not in 1973, according to the NEED FOR FED CONTROL OF RESERVES DISPUTED central bank's own figures. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as the (By James L. Rowe Jr.) Phillips suggested that the Fed's desire price of gold continues to soar-$147 an A study released yesterday by the Confer to subject all banks to its reserve require ounce, and silver at $5.50 an ounce, in ence of State Bank Supervisors contends that ments comes about not because of any effect dications suggest that many aroused the Federal Reserve Board would not im on monetary policy but because a number citizens are fleeing from inflation-rid o! banks are leaving the Fed system, non prove its conduct of monetary policy if it bank institutions such as savings and loan dled paper money. controlled the amount of reserves a.11 banks associations might soon have accounts resem Yet, as many Americans seek protec must keep on their checking deposits. bling checking accounts and the Fed is show tion of their wealth from excessive taxes Last month, the Fed asked Congress for au ing a bureaucratic tendency to want to grow. and Government control, foreign invest thority to set uniform reserve requirements for all banks, whether or not those banks are ments in the United States exceeded $3 [From the Washington Post, Feb. 18, 1974) billion last year. members of the Federal Reserve system. The Federal Reserve Ban.king System, It said the volume of checking accounts ITALY BORROWING $1.2 Bn.LION F'ROM IMF seeking to excuse its failures in preserv under its control was shrinking and, con (By Rona.Id Koen) ing the stability of the U.S. dollar, is sequently, its ability to set monetary policy In the first instance of an expected wave of grasping for more control over checking is being eroded. large-sea.le international borrowing to pay for deposits and all banking institutions. Its Ross M. Robertson, professor of business the increased cost of oil imports, Italy an world counterpart, the IMF continues to economics at Indiana. University and coau nounced over the weekend that it is seeking a thor of the study, said that the reserve re $1.2 billion credit from the International announce low-interest loans to Italy, quirement is not an important tool of eco Monetary Fund. Great Britain, Japan and France. Osten nomic policy. In Washington, the IMF confirmed that its sibly, this financing is said to be needed "In comparison with the open market op director general, H. Johannes Witteveen, had because of increased prices of Middle erations, it pales in comparison," Robertson agreed to recommend approval of the stand Eastern oil. Yet it is also noted that this told newsmen. The Fed increases the money by credit. Such approval is considered a for new wave of borrowing from the IMF supply by buying government securities on mality. It would be one of the largest credits had been brought about because of the the "open market," thereby increasing bank ever granted by the fund. failure of nationalized industries to meet reserves. Similarly, when it sells these se A number of other advanced Western in production demands, thus causing seri curities, it absorbs funds which banks other dustrial countries are expected to get in line ous financial distress in those Social wise might lend. behind Italy to seek money to pay the oil ized industries. Robertson said open market operations import bills they have been incurring sin ce 4142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 the petroleum-exporting states more than ranging upwards of $3 billion-shows strong yet put us on a. gasoline diet-but because quadrupled their prices this autumn. indication of continuing despite the recent the Bureau wants to be prepared just in There is informed speculation that strike strengthening of the dollar that now mak..:lS case he does. bound Britain will follow Italy in seeking such investment more costly. We take this as a bad omen. Il the govern major international monetary help. This is one of the main conclusions to be ment is printing these things-chances are Japan is also said to be a likely candidate drawn from an analysis by David Bauer, in we'll be using them. And as we've said hefore, for international help. The Japanese started ternational economist with the Conference that's not a. good idea. Look, for example, the year with the world's most massive ac Board, concerning the increased investment at what happened to the beef supply when cumulation of reserves-nearly $20 billion. interest by foreign companies in the United the Cost of Living Council zeroed in with The Japanese are totally dependent on for States. regulations. eign oil imports to fuel their industry, and Bauer's study, covering reported direct Producers stopped cutting, meatpackers their monetary reserves have been whittled investment by foreign companies in the Unit stopped shipping, customers bought in a away at a steady pace to pay for them. ed St9.tes for the nine-month period of March panic-and when the freeze was finally Japan is rumored to be getting ready to through November of last year, appears in lifted, the meat counter and the cash register seek a major commercial loan on the Eurodol the current issue of the Conference Board went beserk. Only after a time, did the free lar market-the pool of U.S. dollars that cir publication, Record. m arket cure the worst of the evlls wrought culates in Europe. There were 129 investments in the peri by price control. France recently borrowed $1.5 billion com od, on which capital investment information Now we know that the present gasoline mercially to pay for its oil, and the It alians was reported for only 67. The reported total shortage is cre·ating hardships. But the real also have been borrowing commercially. for these was $1.9 billion, but Bauer estimat mess comes from the rationing plan now Witteveen recently told his organization's ed that total direct foreign investment during imposed on gasoline whoiesalers and dealers. Committee of 20, a group concerned with in the nine-month period could be conservative Why add another layer of mess? Why com ternational monetary reform, that the IMF ly estimated at $3 blllion. pound the disorganization ny issuing gaso should set up a special major new fund to The bulk of this direct foreign investment line rationing coupons? help countries pay for their energy imports in the United States-one of the highest to The only effective way we're going to deal during a transitional period while the world tals of recent times-came from Japan, with the crisis is to free the price on oil and adjusts to the present tightness in petroleum Canada, West Germany and Britain. Bauer's oil products. We realize that removal of supplies. article is considered to be the first time that price controls on gas would initially drive up The idea is that the oil-producing countries information on direct foreign investment has the price. But experience has shown us that would lend at least part of their burgeoning been reported in detail. a free market system is the only method surplus to the IMF to help out their clients The Conference Board is a non-profit re we can use to cut demand and at the same in the industrialized West. seairch organization. time, stimulate production and encourage The United States has expressed opposition Of the 129 separate investments, Japan new exploration of energy supplies. In other as a "stopgap" which does not deal with the led with 45, followed by Canada with 22, West words, it's the most efficient system we have basic problem of the phenomenal price of oil. Germany with 19 :md Britain with 12. More for allocating our dwindling resources. Iran announced a week ago that it is will than two-thirds of the total involved con ing to lend "a considerable amount" of its struction of entirely new facilities. Most of surplus income this year to the IMF "at cur these represented a first-time bid by foreign RAPID SOLUTIONS TO SHORTAGES rent commercial rates" to help the advanced companies to gain a production in the U.S. countries. The IMF normally lends at nominal market. IN HEATING FUEL interest rates, far lower than commercial Only 18 percent of the new investments by ones. foreign companies involved the take-over or Witteveen is scheduled to be in Tehran acquisition of existing American companies. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF Wednesday to discuss the matter with the Two devaluations of the dollar, combined. OF NEW YORK shah. The Iranians said they would also be with upward revaluations of the Japanese willing to open credits for the World Bank yen, West German mark and other major IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to help the underdeveloped countries, pre currencies, unquestionably helped spear the Monday, February 25, 1974 sumably at lower interest rates. World Bank direct industrial investment in the United chief Robert S. McNamara is scheduled to States. Foreign companies could buy relative Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on Feb meet with the shah a day after Witteveen. ly more real estate and other assets with cur ruary 8, I held an informal hearing in The underdeveloped countries have been rencies that were worth more dollars in 1973. New York on the problems that have harder hit proportionally than the indus However, the multinational trend of busi developed in the fuel oil industry. The trialized countries by the quadrupled oil ness, the nee l of many companies for closer unprecedented rise in fuel oil prices and prices. But, officials of the oil-producing access to markets as well as increasing world the two-tier price system represent a states point out, organizing international shipping costs, have also been factors in in· grave emergency problem for the inde help for them should be easier than for the fiuencing foreign investment in the United industrialized countries, since the underde States. pendent fuel oil distributor and. the con veloped world consumes only 6 per cent of all sumer. The purpose of the hearing was Among some of the major ventures were a. provide a forum for the exchange of the oil that is exported. $175 million plant in South Carolina. by the to The Italian announcement on Saturday Michelin Tire Co. of France, and a $100 mil grievances and ideas and to ascertain night explicitly linked the IMF credit to lion plant in Virginia by the Swedish what immediate steps Government can Italy's problems "in light of the energy automobile company Volvo. take to rectify an already chaotic situa crisis." The Italians have been saying for sev tion. eral months that they are the most vulner With me at the hearing were Repre able in Europe because of their almost total DO NOT ADD INSULT TO INJURY sentatives CAREY of New York, BINGHAM, dependenec on imported energy sources. MURPHY of New York, ABZUG, ROSENTHAL, Even Britain is in a better position because, if not for its miners' strike, it can depend on and BIAGGI. Congressmen HELSTOSKI, HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ADDABBO, and DELANEY were also rep its large coal supplies for much of its energy OF n.LINOIS needs. resented at the session. We received Italy had been running serious interna IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES testimony from government officials, tional deficits even without the added bur Monday, February 25, 1974 den of the energy crisis. Italy's whopping scholars, representatives of all parts of deficit last year was largely masked by heavy Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we the fuel oil industry, and members of commercial borrowing in Europe by the Ital undertake to resolve, for better or worse, the public. ian nationalized industries. the legislation currently pending on the Because the ideas of the people most The first major monetary crisis of 1973, re• energy conference report, I insert a very involved with energy problems are criti suiting in the devaluation of the U.S. dollar timely editorial carried on Radio Station in February, was touched off in the first in cal to the developing of a national energy stance by a flight from the Italian lira into 78, WBBM, Chicago, and call to the at policy, I would like to share with my Switzerland and West Germany. tention the emphasis of the potential colleagues the informative testimony The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank recently of the free market system to best solve given at the New York hearing. First, I announced that it was increasing its short the energy crisis. would like to insert into the RECORD a term swap al'l'angements with Italy by $1 The editorial follows : statement by Dr. Lawrence Rocks and billion. Do NOT ADD INSULT TO INJURY Dr. Richard Runyon, both of whom have Stamps and money. That's what the U.S. (From the Washington Star-News, Feb. 19, been familiar with energy problems for Bureau of Engraving and Printing prints! a long time. In the next few days, I will 1974] At least that's what it usually prints. At the FOREIGN INVESTMENT SURGED IN 1973 moment, the Bureau is concentrating on insert the rest of the testimony into the Last year's sharp upsurge of direct foreign producing gasoline rationing coupons. Not, RECORD. Dr. Rocks and Dr. Runyon teach industrial investment in the United States- mlnd you, because Energy Chief Simon has at c. W. Post College and wrote an excel- February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4143 lent book on the energy crisis. Their fecting an overall savings of about 14 per for synthesizing methane gas or gasoline cent of our natural gas budget. This is equiv from coal. statement follows: alent to about 500 million barrels of oil an We have briefly listed here our suggestions ABSTRACT: RAPID SOLUTIONS TO SHORTAGES nually. Thus, by moving swiftly and dra for a national energy policy. We believe that IN HEATING FuEL matically into energy conservation in the this ls inseparable from solving the fuel oil Congress' role in solving the fuel oil short space heating sector, we could achieve, with problem. Both energy proposals before Con age should be that of a catalyst to speed up out capital investment, the equivalent sav gress, one from the President and one initi those natural economic forces that are spon ings of at least 740 million barrels of oil per ated by Senator Jackson, miss the essence oif taneously at work in our economy. Clearly, year. This is more than we presently import the energy crisis: the phase-in time of en we can't burn oil we don't have, so the only from the Middle East. ergy sources, and their economics, is what question remaining is whether we will use 2) The heart of our nation's energy con counts, not a theoretical speculation about our oil in inefficient devices or efficient de servation program should be tax incentives the amount of energy in a source. We feel vices. As oil becomes more expensive, there for the building and purchasing of fuel effi that the short run problems are not clearly will be a movement to replace inefficient oil cient systems, especially in the areas of cli understood, and the mid-term problems a.re burners with more efficient ones, and to mate control and transportation. The capital erroneously targeted for solution by systems practice conservation in space heating sys investment to raise the efficiency of an oil that are really long term and electrical in tems. This natural process must be acceler burner, for example, ls just about equal to nature. ated with properly placed tax incentives and one year's worth of fuel cost savings. Attached are two articles which will soon national educational programs that concern Energy conservation has come to mean, appear in our weekly column in the Hearst energy conservation in buildings. We believe for many, a reduced standard of living. Fuel newspapers. The first article illustrates the that the fuel oil shortage situation can be reduction and conservation, though, are two dramatic savings that are possible in the turned around, but not by the strategies different things. Unless we change the ineffi area of space heating. These savings were outlined in either the President's energy cient climate control systems and transpor made rapidly, employing existing knowledge, proposals or in the rival proposal initiated tation systems, we shall find that the amount and requiring no capital expenditures. The by Senator Henry Jackson. Both of these of synthetic fuels, or natural fuels, required thrust of the second article is that the energy strategies overlook the basic facts concerning in the next several decades is preposterously crisis will force us to alter our ways of think energy procurement and deployment possi high. ing about energy. In this article, an "absurd.. bllities. 3) Looking down the road some two to four idea is presented. It ls then modified to show Buildings consume about 40 percent of the decades, we see the ultimate need to elec how the shortages of gasoline can be "turned nation's total energy budget and about 20 to trify space heating and transportation, at around" in a five year period. 50 percent of this is wasted by inefficient least to a substantial degree. About three climate control systems and electrical sys quarters of our gas and one-fifth of our oil POST COLLEGE ENGINEERS SAVE 30 tems. There is no other target area in the now ls used for space heating. In the future, PERCENT OF ENERGY energy budget where so much energy is used we shall face the choice of deploying expen Energy conservation ls destined to be a and so much wasted with the exception of sive and scarce natural gas and oil for space topic of ever-growing importance. Even when transportation systems. A resolution of the heating or deploying synthetic fuels from Arab oil starts to flow again, and even after energy crisis requires that we solve our short coal for this purpose. The first is expensive we get oil from Alaska, we shall find that our term problems while ,we lay the groundwork and unlikely to succeed; the second is energy total energy resources are insufficient to for the larger solutions. The short run goal wasteful. A more logical approach would be meet our expectation for the latter half of should be to estabilsh fuel efficient prac to convert coal to producer gas and then this decade. To bring our expectations in tices in existing climate control systems through the combined cycle power plant gen line with our inadequate energy production through government encouraged educational erate electricity. Electricity should be used capabilities will require a widely-practiced programs. A concurrent program should be for space heating, but not through resistance ethic of energy conservation. Where can we a tax incentive schedule to encourage the heaters, but rather through the heat pump. conserve and how can we do it? Let us rapid construction and purchase of fuel ef The heat pump concept can be used in cli analyze an on-going experiment at C. W. ficient climate control systems. These poli mate control systems to yield accurately con Post College of Long Island University in cies, coming into effect immediately, would trolled climate, and highly efficient energy Greenvale, Long Island. The work is under tldr- us over for several years until supplies transfer. the direction of John P. Agnew and Mal Ryan of fuel oil could be increased from domestic It is remarkable that neither the Presi of the Buildings and Grounds Department. sources and from synthetic fuels derived from dent's energy program, nor that of senator The situation at the college ls this: Post coal. The synthetic fuels won't be available Jackson, recognizes the ultimate need to College uses approximately $185,000 per year until the 1980's in meaningful amounts, electrify, at least in part, climate control and for heating and $325,000 per year for elec but energy conservation can be effected im transportation, although both energy pro tricity. The heating ls done primarily by oil. mediately. grams speak of uranium, coal, and other A central power plant provides air heating 1) Large savings in fuel oil can be effected sources of energy which are most readily and air cooling to approximately two-thirds by altering the "respiration" of a build expressed as electricity. Furthermore, solar of the entire campus. A few buildings were ing in space heating systems. The respiration power for space heating can be economically selected for energy conservation practices rate at which air is drawn in, heated, cir feasible only if buildings are on ·an energy and here is what happened. culated and vented. This rate ls about three conservation mode to start with. As long as Daytime temperatures were lowered from volume changes per hour which is at least our homes and buildings are like sieves which 72 degrees to 68, and at night to about 60 twice as much as is needed. The air flow leak heat in the winter and capture it in the degrees. This resulted in about a 10 percent should be timed to the work load, the people summer, the collecter surfaces required by fuel reduction. Next, the flow of air was re load, and schedule of occupancy of the solar heating devices would remain uneco tarded throughout the selected buildings. building. This technique a.lone can save nomically large. In addition, solar heat is best This resulted in a saving of an additional about 20 to 30 percent of a building's heat deployed via the electrical heat pump. Hence, 30 percent. needs. No new equipment is needed; it is an the electrification of heating integrates with It is a strange situation, but the air turn operational matter that can be phased in im genera.I conservation practices, with solar in over in most buildings is unnecessarily high. mediately. There are many areas of opera put and, with the ultimate need to tap eter By historical precedent and by engineering tional practices where large energy savings nal sources of energy which are themselves rule-of-thumb, the air replacement in most can be effected. Altogether, about 20 to 40 harnessed as electricity. buildings ls about three volume changes per percent of a building's fuel needs can be hour. This is over ten times what ls needed 4) For the short run we need energy con for oxygen replacement. In fact, if buildings eliminated by changes in maintenance pro servation with education and tax incentives cedures a.Ione. Since 20 percent of our oil had odor removal systems, the air freshness accelerating processes that are inevitable. would appear acceptable at very low turnover budget ls accounted for by space heating, we For the long run we need the electriftcation have a potential immediate saving, in build rates. As cold air ls drawn in, It must be of the economy. For the mid-term run we heated. Here ls the heart of the energy waste. ings alone, of 4 to 8 percent of our total oil need synthetic fuels from coal. We believe budget (24Q-480 million barrels of oil an A building needs a "respiration" rate that that our present synthetic fuel program ls ls timed to its occupants and their work nually). A national effort to further research, too slow in coming and misses some tech schedule. Hence, by restricting the air flow and education, in the area of climate con nological points. The most feasible way to and timing it to the people-load, Post Col trol systems ls urgently needed. The costs use coal is to produce electricity; next to lege saved some 40 percent of its oil bill of such a program would be several million manufacture "producer gas". The producer in the targeted buildings. The principle of dollars, but the savings would be a thousand gas can be used to generate electricity and to climate control that ls illustrated here is times greater. Moreover about 70 percent of make methyl fuel. Methyl fuel is underrated known in the trade as the "mass transit of natural gas goes into space heating. Since in our present scheme of synthetic fuels. air" for a building. natural gas ls on an interruptable basis for Methyl alcohol can be added to gasoline-it Post's Library uses air conditioning and many segments of the economy, number 2 will raise the octane rating and permit lead heating throughout the entire year. It strikes heating oil must be substituted for gas when to be ta.ken out. Methyl alcohol can be added some people as odd to hear that a building the latter ls not available. Thus, the gas to heating oil-it will permit the oil burner uses air conditioning in the winter and heat shortage contributes significantly to our to operate more efficiently due to the lessen in the summer. This is precisely true. Most heating oil shortage. Conservation measures ing of soot formation. Most startling, the modern office buildings require air condi described above could reduce natural gas con technology to produce methyl alcohol from tioning in the central power plant to with sumption in space heating by 20 percent, ef- coal ls well understood; this is not the case draw excess heat derived from lights, people, 4144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February ~ · s, 1974 omce equipment and the absorption of sun· presently uaes a.bout 30 percent of all petro tion of .air pollution emissions standards light by the peripheral rooms. In the sum leum. By magically doubling the efficiency of and for accelerated . construction of mer, hot air is drawn 1n and chilled to about all cars on the road, we would save 15 percent 55 degrees to get the excess moisture out. of our annual oil consumption. This savings atomic powerplants. Then it 1s reheated to about 72 degrees. would amount to about 1 billion barrels o! Relaxation of environmental protec Without the chill-reheat step, the alr con on per year. More than we import from the tion measures is a shortrun expedient ditioned air would be too humid. Unfortu Middle East. Better than finding a Prudhoe that will create even greater problems nately, the over-chlll and re-heat cycles are Bay and obtaining its oil perpetually I and may ultimately threaten the survival not coupled in most buildings. Climate con Suddenly the idea did not seem so pre of humanity. trol technology developed over de.cades when posterous. The American public is already Dr. C. M. Woodwell, senior scientist in energy was plentiful; there never was a need moving toward the goal of energy efficient to consider these factors before. automobiles. About 50 percent of new car the Department of Biology, Brookhaven What Agnew and Ryan did in the library purchases are for the compact and subcom National Laboratory, writes succinctly was to tum off the air cooling system, and pact models. At the present rate, however, it of the problems created by reckless at regulate the heat to below 68 degrees so that might be fifteen or twenty years before these tempts to resolve the energy stortage· lights and people would not create excessive cars wm dominate the automobile popula His letter, published in the February 1, · heat. Further, they lowered the lighting lev tion. This is much too slow a rate to head 1974 issue of Science, notes that the most els from 110 foot candles to about 65. The off the onrushing energy crisis. essential energy resource is solar energy recommended lighting levels from the New But what about accelerating a process captured by plants through photosynthe York State University run about 40 to 50. that is already ta.king place? Imagine that In other words, the library was over-lit. Most Congress were to enact legislation to en sis. Yet humankind often misuses energy buildings a.re over-lit. In fact, for every two courage the removal of energy-wasteful cars sources such as forests and oceanic fish excessive watts of lighting, a building needs from the road. At firs~ the target could be eries. one excessive watt of cooling. The practice standard or larger sized cars five years or Oceanic fishing provides our primary of lowering light levels saved about 30 per older. Such cars a.re typically out-of-tune, access to the energy produced by ocean cent of the electric requirements in the ex have faulty valves, and contribute more than plants, yet we are threatening the yields perimental buildings. their share to air pollution. Congress could by dumping into the seas, sewage, indus Notice that these changes required no cap guarantee low-cost loans or provide tax in centives to owners wishing to exchange these trial chemicals, reactor cooling water and ital outlays. The savings were effected by radioactive wastes. We have indiscrim changing engineering practices alone. Agnew cars for energy-efficient automobiles. The and Ryan feel that if Post installed inte old cars would be destroyed and recycled. inately drilled offshore oil wells and are grated chill-reheat equipment and heat re Congress could provide a statutory deduc over-harvesting the oceans. Decreased covery units in the power plant's stack ex tion of, say, $1,000 for automobile ownera yields from these fisheries are extremely haust, then they could save upwards of 50 who make this choice. For those whose in costly. We are losing a renewable re to 70 percent of the fuel budget. Energy con come is too low to benefl t from this provision, source and harming the entire biota. servation for buildings 1s certainly techno low cost loans could be made available. It will be argued that such a plan, if fully As Dr. Woodwell notes, if we are really logically feasible and meaningful for our na interested in protecting humankind we tional energy budget. implemented, would seriously undermine Now for the bad news. Post College didn't the tax income of the federal government. To. must preserve the biota. This means pro lllustrate. if all one hundred million cars tecting the air and water; Congress will save money. Even though we saved fuel, the were to turn over in five years, and every fuel bills went up. Back in 1972 Post pa.id not be doing· this by relaxing environ one took advantage of the statutory tax mental protection regulations. 13 cents per gallon for number 2 heating provision the loss of tax dollars would appear oil; now it's 22.5 cents. Back in 1972 Post to be about twenty b1llion dollars annually. Dr. Woodwell's letter to the editor of paid 55 cents per 1,000 cubic feet of gas. Countered against this argument is the fact Science magazine follows: now it's 76 cents. The cost per kilowatt hour that corporate profits in the automobile in• BIOTIC ENERGY FLOWS of electricity went up 15 percent, reflecting dustry would go up, as wou1d corporate taxes. a "base rate" increase and a fuel adjust Important aspects of the energy shortage Further, unless we solve the energy crisis. are being ignored in both science and gov ment factor for the higher costs of on that unemployment is sure to rise abruptly. Un fires the power plant of Post's utility. ernment. We tend to forget that most of the employed individuals do not pay taxes. In energy used by man is solar energy that has In short, Post saved fuel but not dollars. deed they are a tax drain, since they receive Without energy conservation, climate con been fixed recently through photosynthesis. unemployment benefits followed by welfare This energy provides food, fuel, fibers, and trol costs will go out of sight. As a very gen payments. Taken in conjunction with the eral rule-of-thumb, it costs about one dollar services that a.re essential for a habitable dollar drain resulting from continued im environment. Although the total amount of per square foot per year to climate control ports of Middle East oil, we suspect that the average large building. Fuel costs a.re energy available as net primary production the federal income would not be adversely through this route has been estimated as 20 going up. In terms of costs, you've got to affected. Certainly, the proposal warrants conserve like crazy in order to stand still. times the a.mount of energy in current use further study since it would solve the short from fossil fuels, nuclear power, and hydro term energy crisis. power, these flows of energy from the sun A WAY OUT-CALCULATED DESTRUCTION OF THE On the other hand, the benefits of such are being reduced.1 When the complex polit AUTO an action by Congress would be enormous. ical, social, and economic systems of indus By following a perfectly absurd idea to its Within five year~. virtually all cars on the trialized nations falter, as they appear to be logical conclusion, one may occasion.ally be road would be energy emcient. We would not doing at the moment, we turn immediately led into a profound revelation. We did this need to import oil from the Middle East. The to biotic resources that are close to us. We recently, with startling results. air would be cleaner. The lagging automobile substitute fish for beef, wood for fuel. It all started when we puzzled over Presi industry would receive a shot in the arm. Mounting world food shortages are contrib dent Nixon's time schedule to achieve energy Gasoline rationing would be unnecessary. Recreational activities would be revived. As a uting to the pressures on these resources. independence. By all that's reasonable and Shortages of both oil and food will get worse: holy, there is no way to achieve Project Inde final bonus, we would save energy in the worldwide demand is soaring, and supplies pendence by the year 1980. We know it; the manufacture of cars, since small cars require are limited. Reckless efforts to "solve" an energy experts know it; and surely the Presi less energy to produce. energy problem that is unsolvable in the cur dent knows it. So, why did President Nixon Perhaps the President's desire to achieve rent context of growth threaten to speed set an impossible goal? energy independence by 1980 is not as ludi destruction of renewable resources. Acid We all know that it is far better to set crous as it first appeared. rains are a good example. Relaxation of air reasonable goals. To do otherwise is to invite pollution standards for sulfur will result in frustration, disappointment, and despair. But continuation of the trend of rising acidity in 1s this always the case? Sometimes setting THE ENERGY CRISIS AND ENVffiON rain in the Northeast. There is little doubt impossible goals forces us to depart from MENTAL DEGRADATION that a decade or more of precipitation with traditional ways of thinking, with all their a pH of between 3.0 and 4.2 will reduce the built-in traps that say "no", and ca.use the net production of forests and agriculture. A mind oo take wild but productive flights into HON. DONALD M. FRASER 10 percent loss of net production in the New uncharted regions. OF MINNESOTA England states would be the equivalent of This is precisely what we tried. We asked IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the power output of 15 1000-megawatt re ourselves, "If a magic genie floated out of. actors. Would the people of New England our gasoline tank and granted us one wish to Monday, February 25, 1974 reduce energy demand, what would we ask Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in .the 1 for?" The answer was clear, "Demolish this R. H. Whittaker and G. E. Likens, in night all gas-guzzling cars on the road and midst of the energy crisis, as gasoline Carbon and the Biosphere, G. M. Woodwell replace them tomorrow with automobiles station lines have lengthened and build and E. V. Pecan, Eds. (U.S. Atomic Energy that obtain twice the miles per gallon ot ing temperatures have gone down, there Commission, Oak: Ridge, Tenn. 1973) pp. 281- present cars." Truly an absurd thought! has been the demand that Congress re 300; G. M. Woodwell, Science 168, 429 ( 1970): But then the arithmetic of the situation verse progress made in protecting the en Sci. A'111.. 223, 64 (Sept. 1970); BioScience, in took possession of our minds. The automobile vironment. .Many have called for relaxa- press. February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4145 agree to supply such a subsidy to the rest of industry is how to dispose of the spent land. The public must participate in this the country if they had a choice? shale. Oil shale, when processed, expands decision. The lands under discussion are There is no simple technical or socla.l solu in volume. Obviously, not all of what re federal lands, belonging to a.11 the people; tion to the shortage of energy. Growth 1D the question of its proper use must in all energy consumption in the pattern of past mains can simply be put back where it fairness be a question that is resolved in an yea.rs is over for the present. In addition, came from. There has yet to be developed open and public dlcussion. biotic flows of energy are now being lost, an environmentally sound answer to Mr. Speaker, we are all acutely aware of often irreversibly; the biota ls being mined. what to do with the excess spent shale. the need for new energy sources. My home Environmental problems are not simply those It was therefore very distressing to state of Colorado was one of the first to feel of adjusting techniques of energy produc learn that the Department of Interior the effects of the ener.gy shortage, and the tion to reduce intrusions on the environ has announced that the joint leasehold people there share with the rest of the coun ment; they also include the preservation of ers of the first 5,100-acre tract in Colo try the desire to pursue every promise of the flows of energy-including food, mate new energy supply. But the people of Colo rials, and services-through the biota to rado--Standard Oil of Indiana and Gulf rado are also very aware that the environ man. The shortage of fossil fuels presents a Oil Corp.-have reported they will need ment is a very precious resource itself. Na challenge to technologists to find more em 5,800 more acres of public lands outside ture, once despoiled, can rarely be returned cient ways of exploiting biotic energy flows the leased area to complete their opera to its natural beauty and harmony. on a renewable basis. The problem warrants, tions. They will, I understand, apply for The prototype oil shale leasing program but does not have, major consideration 1n special permits to use this additional as originally designed seems to meet these the President's energy program. Facilities land for resevoirs and to dump debris. dual concerns. It holds forth the promise comparable to those of a major national This seems to me contradict the that both the Nation as a whole and the laboratory should be devoted to the prob to States which host these programs may ulti lems generated by the worldwide spread of original intent of Interior's program, mately benefit from the program. The legis biotic impoverishment that ls caused in large which was to determine whether the pro lation I have introduced ls designed to pre degree by current rates of exploitation ot duction of crude oil from oil shale is f ea vent a breach of that promise. nonrenewable energy sources. sible, both in economic and environment G. M. WOODWELL. al terms. Permitting the leaseholders ad ditional land on which to dump the spent FEDERAL SALARIES shale seems to me to ignore one of the THE OIL SHALE DUMPING AND central problems the program was de DAMAGES ACT signed to meet: how best to dispose of the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI spent shale. Surely the answer is not OF ILLINOIS HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER to simply dump it elsewhere. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF COLORADO My colleague, Mr. VANIK, of Ohio, re Monday, February 25, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cently asked the Comptroller General for Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in my his opinion of the basic authority which Monday, February 25, 1974 judgment, WGN Continental Broadcast the Department of Interior claims for ing Co. in Chicago, carried a very inter Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I this extra allotment of land. Indeed, the esting editorial in its broadcast of Febru have introduced legislation-H.R.12923- Comptroller's answer as reprinted in the ary 12, which I will insert at the conclu to prohibit the dumping of spent oil shale CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on February 4, sion of my remarks. It is a very practical upon Federal lands other than those 1974-page 2051-raises questions as to analysis of the pending Federal salary lands specifically leased by the Depart whether the Department has such au increase recommended by the President. ment of the Interior for oil shale develop thority. Yet the plan is continuing and Hopefully, by the end of this week ment under the prototype leasing pro this land is being set aside. some action will be taken by the House gram. The bill provides that triple The bill I have introduced is designed and Senate subcommittees to expedite damages can be recovered from the leasee to meet this problem head on by declar consideration of this matter. if such dumping occurs. ing it illegal to dump spent shale on land Therefore it is to be especially noted The Federal lands being leased by the other than that leased under the original that salary increase applies to some up Department of the Interior for the pro prototype leasing program. Any person per echelon, bureaucrats, Federal judges, totype oil shale program belong to all doing so will lose his lease. It provides and executive branch officials and Mem people of this Nation, but the lands of further for triple damages from the les bers of Congress. three States, Colorado, Wyoming and see in the event such dumping occurs. The editorial follows: Utah, are those which will be specifically The excess of damages recovered over [WGN Editorial No. 74--041, Feb. 12, 1974) affected by this program. The entire those used to repair the land will be country, of course, will benefit from this applied to the Land and Water Conser FEDERAL SALARIES experimental program if it produces the Members of Congress felt awkward from vation Fund. time to time, when they voted on bills to technology through which we can obtain I am hopeful this legislation will pre increase federal salaries, particularly their the oil found in the oil shale deposits at vent the Department of Interior from own salaries. But, since Congressmen have reasonable costs. However, it must be using the back door in this situation, bllls to pay, like the rest of us, they know recognized that it is the people of the without first submitting to the full and about inflation, like the rest of us. And, from three States involved who will pay the open scrutiny of congressional hearings. time to time, like the rest of us, they have direct environmental and social costs. The question here is a basic one: How wanted a salary increase. Mr. Speaker, we all recognize the need much authority does the Department of The question was, how to get a raise in to develop new energy sources. The pay without the embarrassment of going on Interior have with respect to the disposal record to vote for one. That they solved a "energy crisis" has, in a few short of Federal lands? As noted above, the little while back. They put the burden on months, increased everyone's awareness Comptroller General questioned whether the President, and in such a way as to make that our sources are limited, and that we the Department has the right under cur it almost impossible for him to propose salary must-and can-do better. Th.a Federal rent law to grant the use of more acreage increases for other federal employees with Government must play a major role in than was originally leased. In fact, even out including raises for Senators and Repre helping develop these new sources. We the Department of Interior seems to sentatives. are committed to this idea, as we dem have the same question, for it has a pro It works this way: The President submits onstrated recently by the passage of the posal, H.R. 5442, which would add the his salary recommendations for the top level Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstra of federal employees, about ten thousand necessary authority. , people, from Supreme Court Justices and tion Act. The Department of the In H.R. 5442 is now before the Mines and Cabinet members, to high-ranking political terrior's prototype oil shale program is Mining Subcommittee of the House Interior employees and career officers. In this case, also a recognition that the Federal Gov and Insular Affairs Committee. Hearings on the recommendation is seven and one half ernment must play a major role in pur this b11l, I understand, are in the works. per cent. Pay scales for a large number of suing new energy sources, but the tech It is here, in the congressional forum, that civilian employees are geared to what their nology for processing oil shale is in its the larger question of how much land should superiors earn. To keep the federal payroll infancy, with many problems yet to be be used for the oil shale program must be from becoming a political football ... and resolved, and I hope that the legislation I to save Congressmen from having to vote on solved. It is the intent of the Department have introduced will force a full examination pay hikes . . . the proposals take effect in 30 of the Interior's program to allow the of that question. If the Department of Inte days . . . unless Congress acts to disapprove industry itself to find solutions. rior feels that present technology warrants them. Congress has another option . . . re One of the most important problems an additional 5,800 acres, it must make this ducing the requested increases. that has to be addressed by the oil shale case before proceeding to lease the additional Members of the House and Senate are paid 4146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 $42,500 a year. Much can be said !or pay meeting to report on government. efforts local governmental agencies to see it effec ing our public officials salaries comparable and to hear problems voiced by constit tive energy sav1n·g legtslation can be enacted to what they could earn in private business locally," Allen said. • • . what they should earn ln carrying out uents. Every legislators' mail on energy-re Wayne Powell, publisher-editor of The heavy responslbllltiea. And, the point can be Press said, "We think it leaders from through made that these top 10,000 have received no lated problems has increased dramati out the community can sit down together, increase since 1969. cally and mine is no exception. Second we can make a more sincere effort to cope The 5.5 per cent pay hike guideline hasn't District residents have encountered such with this crisis." He added, "Things done on had much eJiect on curbing inflation, and a wide range of difficulties that I had a piecemeal basis are never as successful as President Nixon ta letting it expire in about a special hotline telephone installed in coordinated efforts and hopefully next ten weeks. However, Congress, by voting it.. Wednesday's meeting Will allow the com self and the rest of the federal establish my Ann Arbor office with the number 761-FUEL to handle the cases~ I am munity to get together to find some real ment a smaller increase, might set an ex workable ways to soften the effects of this ample of restraint for the rest of the country. hopeful this will speed up action on in crlsia." dividual cases and help cut the red tape Allen pointed out the purpose of the meet that has resulted from the bureaucracy ing wlll not be to discuss whether there 1s an ENERGY CRISIS surrounding the Federa.il Energy Office. energy crisis. Regretfully, we have too often not re "We're taking tor granted this thing ex ceived the expeditious action these prob ists and that it's going to hurt for a. long HON. MARVIN L. ESCH lems deserve. time. With that as a basis we'll want to get ·oF MICHIGAN While Operation E-CON committees right down to work." Allen said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were busy working on problem-solving, Powell said the energy-savings meeting will only be one aspect of the newspaper's at Monday, February 25, 1974 the Press began a column titled "Bright tempt s to make people aware of the energy Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, the painful Ideas" which provided daily consumer crisis. dilemmas caused by the energy crisis hints nn how area residents could con "We've already significantly cut our energy have come as a genuine shock to a na serve energy. The newspaper also offered use at the newspaper plant and we a.re also free classified advertising space to per planning several promotional campaigns to tion that has done little, until very re make people aware of the necessity to tighten cently, to discourage high consumption sons interested in forming a carpooL Stickers were printed and given wide dis our energy belts," he said. and waste. The search for scapegoats is Powell also announced plans to offer free intensifying with the environmental tribution which declared "We Support classified advertisements to. anyone who movement as well as industry likely Operation E-CON Energy Conservation." wants to join a car pool. candidates for punitive action. However, No one can fully assess the results of "We think it would be a serious mistake I am confident that in the long run na such a community oriented effort to con to underestimate the potential effects of this tional energy plans will evolve to provide serve energy, but certainly the impact crisis and we want to do everything we can must be substantial. While some warn to help the community and the country us with a political and economic environ weather the problems a 1ack of energy ls ment that will encourage energy con emotionally of riots in the streets because bound to bring." servation and development of new of fuel shortages, the people of my dis resources. trict are meeting the problems head on LEGISLATORS TO SPEAK AT PUBLIC E-CON Difficult times lie ahead and perhaps with a rational approach I believe can MEET the most demanding single step will be serve as a model for many communities. Operation E-CON ls going public, and local for all of us to realize energy shortages To help my colleagues in understanding legislators are going along. are going to be with us for a long time. how Operation E-CON works, I insert Operation E-CON Chairman Rene Hauser That means we must continue to make three articles dated December 4, 1973, announced plans today for an energy brain February 1, 1974, and February 9, 1974 storming session between the public and lo sacrifices and work together to adapt to cal. legislators. The session ls set for 7:30 a new way of living in which we are no from the Press at this point in the p.m. Friday, Feb. 8. longer oblivious to waste. Citizen involve RECORD: Hauser said U.S. Rep. Marvin Esch, R .. ment is an old concept, but I would like ENERGY MEETING PLANNED Mich., state Sen. Gilbert Bursley, R-Ann Ar· to point out to my colleagues that it is The Ypsilanti Area Jaycees and The Press bor, state Rep. Gary Owen, D-Ypsilantl, paying real dividends in my district today jointly announced plans for an "a.c· Ypsilanti Mayor George Goodman and Ypsi where energy-conscious individuals have tion-orlented, problem-solving local organi lanti Townshdp Supervisor William Gagnon zation to battle the effects of the energy wlll participate in the forum. initiated some very beneficial programs. crisis in the Golden Triangle." "We plan to al.low each of the five law For example, citizens in the Ypsilanti The cooperative effort between The Press makers to explain what their speciflc govern Belleville-Saline area have launched an and the Jaycees will kick off Wednesday, Dec. ment ls doing to cope with the energy crlsls "action-oriented, problem-solving local 12, with a meeting of all governmental lead and then the five will submit to questions organization to battle the effects of the ers, service club officials, labor and business and suggestions from the public," Hauser energy crisis." Sponsored by the Press leaders. The meeting ls set for 7:30 p.m. at said. in Ypsilanti, an award-winning daily Cleary College Auditorium. Hauser, who ls an assistant vice-president newspaper, and the Ypsilanti Jaycees, At that meeting, people in attendance will for business and finance ht Ea.stern Michl .. divide into five areas of concern and map out gan University, said the Operation E-CON the program called Operation E-CON a strategy for coping with the energy prob session will be the first opportunity Golden has spurred intensive community interest lems we're going to be facing in the upcom Triangle residents have had to face their in energy conservation and positive gov ing months. lawmakers with the practical problems of ernment steps to help cope with fuel The five areas Will include autos, commer the energy crisis. shortages. cial, residences, safety and legislative. Per "When The Press and the Ypsilanti area. As an indication of the public interest sons a.re to choose the areas in which they Jaycees first originated Operation E-Con, in Operation E-CON, some 70 local resi have particular interest of expertise. they hoped to provide forums in which the Gary Allen, chairman of the project for publlc could become more aware o! the prob dents turned out for the first public the Jaycees, stressed that neither the Jay lems of the energy crisis and learn to live meeting last December. Committees were cees nor The Press plan on being solely re better with those problems," Hauser said. set up to draw on the expertise of a broad sponsible tor problem-solving efforts. "We feel this public opportunity to probe cross-section of citizens. Potential solu "We just want to start the ball rolling and possible legislative solutions to the problem tions were discussed and special prob if people are really concerned they'll actively will provide valuable input not only to the lems examined. The residential commit figure out solutions to the various aspects of Golden Triangle residents who attend the tee headed by a hospital administrator this problem," Allen sald .."Once the five com session but to the lawmakers as well." concluded that homeowners needed help mittees are formed they'll be on their own Hauser indicated that if the legdslatlve ses working toward an area-wide solution to the sion ls greeted well by the public, similar in understanding how best to conserve problem. forums will be held in the four other Opera energy. Steps were undertaken to convey "We visualize the auto committee advising tion E-CON sub-areas, automotive, safety, the ways homeowners could cut down on motorists how to cut down on gas usage and residential and commercdal. their energy bills while conserving fuel. we picture the commercial committee helping The Ypsilanti Jaycees and The Press The chamber of commerce got to work businessmen keep energy consumption at a started Operation E-CON 1n early December. on ways businesses could save energy minimum without affecting jobs or produc Since then a daily Press feature called Bright and a legislative committee researched tion. The residence committee wlll hopefully Ideas has been designed by the E-CON Resi laws and contacted State and local rep do the sam~ for homeowners and the safety dential Committee and The Press, and the committee will make sure that any of these commercial sub-committee has begun efforts resentatives. Somewhat later, elected of energy-saving measures don't lead to in to educate businesses how to cope properly ficials were invited under the sponsor tolerable safety conditions in the area. The With the energy-related problems. ship of Operation E-CON to a public legislative croup wlll hopefully :work with Press Editor-Publisher Wayne Powell and February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4147 Jaycees President Herbert Mcintosh have ex would enhance the ability of America's As Newsweek recently described him, Lord pressed pleasure that Operation E-CON is launching counterforce strikes against is Kissinger's "valued aide, intellectual com making such progress. Soviet ICBM's. rade-in-arms and personal friend. He has "We're really hoping the public gets in been a Kissinger braintruster for nearly five volved with this legdslative forum because While the record of Soviet military ex years: as special assistant, he accompanied the chairmen of Operation E-CON, particu pansion is clear, there are several dis his boss six times to China, four times to the larly Rene Hauser, are doing .a great job in armament theorists who still think that Soviet Union, and some 25 times to the Paris helping people to cope with this most serious the United States must continually re peace talks with the North Vietnamese. If problem,'' Powell said. assure the Soviet Union that we have no anyone in the State Department can be called aggressive intentions. For some reason 'Kissinger's Kissinger,' it is Winston Lord." OFFICIALS EXPLAIN ENERGY MOVES these same theorists seem to ignore the When Kissinger appointed the 36-year-old Some 50 persons turned out to hear local reality that it should be the Soviet Union Lord to run the department's think-tank elected officials explain how they're dealing giving some evidence of a lack of aggres operation, Kissinger told Lord that the plan with the energy crisis at a legislative forum ning staff would play a "principal role" in sponsored by Operation E-CON at Cleary Col sive intentions and not vice versa. shaping policy options for the secretary of lege Auditorium. At this point I include in the RECORD state. U.S. Rep. Marvin Esch, R-Ann Arbor, State two articles entitled "Kissinger's New In his effort to shape Kissinger's options Sen. Gilbert Bursley, R. Ann Arbor, State Disarmament Expert" from the Febru on nuclear matters, Lord has brought on Rep. Gary Owen, D-Ypsilanti, Ypsilanti ary 16, 1974 issue of Human Events and board the PCS Jerome Kahan, a former Mayor George Goodman and Ypsilanti Town "The Pentagon's Nitze: An Uncertain staffer with the Arms Control and Disarma ship Supervisor William Gagnon and County Trumpet" from the February 23, 1974 ment Agency who for the past five years has Comr. Kathleen Fotjik, D-Ann Arbor, all dis issue of Human Events: been writing on strategic nuclear doctrine cussed various aspects of the energy crisis. for the liberal Brookings Institution. Ka.ha.n's All the officials admitted the realities of KlsSINGER'S NEW DISARMAMENT EXPERT own writings plus what he says to friends and the energy crisis, but some, most notably Ms. Supporters of a strong national defense acquaintances clearly mark him as an out Fotjik, questioned the suddenness of the posture were moderately pleased with the right dove. Indeed, Kahan's move from crisis. unveiling of the Nixon Administration's Brookings t o the PCS has brought open hand Esch explained part of the reason for the $85.8-billion military budget, more than $6 wringing from Pentagon officials, who are "surprise" has been the "inadequate infor billion over the sums to be spent in fiscal now certain that Kissinger, bolstered by such mation gathering system we've had for years 1974. Pressing the argument for the budget disarmament theoreticians as Kahan, is on energy related materials." Esch said hike before the Senate Armed Services Com determined to undermine the military at steps are now being taken to improve that mittee last week, tough-minded Defense Sec SALT II. information gathering process. retary James R. Schlesinger stressed he of While Kahan might not subscribe to the Esch and Goodman pointed out that the fered "no apologies" for its size. In real terms, description, his own writings project an ex lifestyles of the Americans a.re going to have he added, it means "no more than holding treme fear that the United States might to change if they are going to cope with the our own," for the greater part of the in take some action to protect itself that would crisis and sufficiently conserve energy. crease is consumed by pay and price hikes. provoke the Soviets into mounting a fresh, The group of legislators admitted one of The Nixon-Schlesinger budget, however, is nuclear arms race. Kahan seems especially their biggest challenges is to relate local welcomed by hawkish lawmakers for some of worried, for instance, that American policy problems to the national scene. Esch said he the new initiatives and increases in certain makers might deploy too many defensive will increase his efforts to handle the prob critical categories. For instance, the budget weapons, thus irritating top Soviet strate lems which Goodman or Gagnon may meet provides funds for improving missile accu gists. Moreover, Kahan appears to have few on the local level. racy, the acceleration of an advanced nuclear worries regarding Soviet provocations, in Owen and Bursley contended the state leg submarine (the Trident), the speed-up in cluding Russia's massive buildup of offensive islature has successfully avoided partisanship construction of the B-1 bomber and the more weapons, even since SALT I. on energy issues and cited the almost unani rapid development of strategic cruise missiles The types of options on defense that mous vote in the state house on the Daylight that can be fired from either submarines or Kahan might develop for Kissinger were out Saving Time issue Friday. aircraft. Moreover, it revitalizes our Navy in lined at a conference on foreign policy on Charles "Tony" Duerr legislative sub-com two ways: by continuing to build necessary Oct. 23, 1972, sponsored by Pepperdine Uni mittee chairman of Operation E-CON co nuclear and conventional aircraft carriers versity. Kahan submitted a discussion power chaired the meeting with Operation E-CON and by constructing SUlaller and more effi for the conference in which the central em Chairman Rene Hauser. cient "mini-carriers." phasis focused on the need to restrain the Operation E-CON was originated by The So pleased was Sen. Jim Buckley (C.-R. impulse of U.S. officials to counter the Soviet Press and the Ypsilanti Area Jaycees. N.Y.), a defense hawk, with the Nixon budget military threat. that he was preparing to deliver a speech The U.S., advised Kahan, should reject ef this week claiming that President Nixon had forts to modify the SALT agreements to per DISTURBING TRENDS IN SALT II "presented a defense budget that is a very mit a nationwide system of anti-ballistic welcome sight to those of us in the Senate missiles. In addition, America. should "eschew who feared that the euphoria surrounding offensive weapons programs, such as war HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK the alleged detente between the United head. accuracy and yield improvements," OF OHIO States and the Soviet Union might well have which would provide its land or sea-based caused our leadership to dangerously cut missiles with the capacity to launch coun IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES back in areas of defense spending." ter-force strikes aga~nst Soviet ICBMs. (The Monday, February 25, 1974 While the military budget refiects a cer fact that the Soviets have the capacity to tain hard realism, however, there is still strike our ICBMs doesn't appear to worry Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, nego mounting concern that the new initiatives Kahan too much.) tiations are continuing on strategic arms and weaponry outlined by Schlesinger last "In fact," Kahan went on, "consistent with limitations with the Soviet Union week are nothing but "bargaining chips," all the proposition that all nuclear defenses are SALT II. It is generally conceded that to be sacrificed in the second round of the potentially destabilizing, the U.S. should also the SALT I agreement resulted in a de Strategic Arms Limitation Talks at Geneva. avoid initiating massive anti-submarine war cidedly disadvantageous position for the From a variety of reliable sources within fare deployment efforts . . . and should re defense and diplomatic circles, it is repeat duce rather than increase its air-defense net United States. Unfortunately, there is a edly heard that the United States, with work." growing belief that this damage to Amer Henry Kissinger as the master, behind-the While the absence of U.S. ABMs should al ican national security may be com scenes negotiator, is prepared to conclude an leviate any Kremlin fear that the U.S. might pounded in future agreements that may offensive treaty with the Soviet Union that embark on a first-strike strategy, said Kahan, be reached from SALT II or while the will leave this country forever inferior to the the "combination of American missile coun President is in Moscow in June. USSR in strategic nuclear weaponry. Sen. terforce, ASW and air-defense efforts would One recent appointment to the State Henry Jackson (D-Wash.), for instance, who create a serious threat to the USSR's deter Department's Planning and Coordina · raised a furor about the outcome of SALT I, rent within the next decade." is said to be especially concerned with the "On a broader level," Kahan maintained, tion Staff-the State Department's think course Kissinger is taking in directing Amer tank operation that under Dr. Kissinger "U.S. leaders should recognize that programs ican disarmament policy. which they consider to be stabilizing, such as has become increasingly influential-has Kissinger is not only a "soft-liner" him concerned advocates of a strong national self, argue knowledgeable Pentagon officials, new submarines or bombers, might well trig defense. This is the appointment of Je but he is bringing into the State Department ger Soviet reactions based on Moscow's polit rome Kahan, a former staff member of a number of dovish theoreticians. What par ical attitudes or psychological outlooks. Even the Arms Control and Disarmament ticularly alarms some department observers if certain U.S. weapons, such as Trident or is the increasing infiuence Kissinger is be the B- 1, might not pose a direct threat to Agency. Kahan has written that the stowing upon the Planning and Coordination the USSR's retaliatory capability, premature United States should "eschew offensive Staff. The staff's director, Winston Lord, a deployment of any major strategic systems weapons programs, such as warhead ac long-time Kissinger intimate, is considered could stimulate a Soviet reaction for political curacy and yield improvement" which a devout dove. 'force-matching' reasons, particularly if the ~148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 Kremlin came to believe that the U.S. was apprehension" among the Communist rulers. · "(a) That we and our allies will assume moving toward some form of superiority." The clear implication of that argument, of continuing responsibility for manning, main Scattered through Kahan's writings are a course, was that America should relieve Soviet taining and improving these systems. myriad of don'ts for U.S. policy-makers in fears by abandoning our overseas missile "(b) That U.N. inspectors would be in the next phase of SALT. Kahan even goes bases. vited to inspect and satisfy themselves that so far as to suggest that U.S. leaders Furthermore, the panel urged the United these are the only nuclear systems we are shouldn't take "high confidence" measures to States to encourage Chiang Kai-shek to aban maintaining. protect our weaponry! "Premature force de don the offshore islands of Quemoy and Mat "(c) That a U.N. order to use them will be cisions taken to hedge against future Soviet su, to suspend nuclear tests unilaterally, and honored only in the event some nation has threats of low probability should be avoided, to use force only if it were "sanctioned by, initiated the use of nuclear weapons other a.nd in many instances reliance on high con and under control of, the United Nations." than on or over its own territory in self-de fidence measures to ensure survivability and Before the Senate Armed Services Commit fense against military aggression ...." penetrability might have to be foregone in tee in 1963, after he had been nominated as In other words, Nitze proposed turning favor of measures which are less reliable but secretary of the Navy, Nitze said he had over America's and NATO's strategic retali also less provocative." "Unilateral restrain t s," vigorously differed with m any of the panel's atory forces to the Afro-Asian-dominated Kahan argued, could bring great benefits. points, though exactly which points were not General 48sembly of the United Nations. The For the future, urged Kah an, officials always clear. His performance was not alto Nitze-imposed conditions, moreover, would "should play down our nuclear strength, gether convincing for the simple reason that have been rendered the U.N. impotent, for avoid attributing undue significance to vara his own thinking clearly bore a striking the world organization itself would not have tions in the u.s.-soviet force balance, and resemblance to some of the most controver been permitted to allow the use of weapons refrain from overstating the dangers of the sial aspects of the panel report. consigned to its control if the Soviets had Soviet threat or the problems of n u clear As Assistant Secretary of Defense for In launched a massive, conventional assault. parity." ternational Security Affairs under Kennedy, Facing the Senate Armed Services Com In short, what Kissinger's new disarma he had, in fact, endorsed an American de mittee three years later, Nitze initially tried ment adviser believes is that America, in or fense strategy that would not "provoke" the to downplay his proposal, but under con der to reach a productive outcome at SALT Soviet Union, he had favored withdrawal of siderable prodding he acknowledged it had II, m u st restrain its protective impulses, en U.S. missiles from Turkey, Italy and Eng been seriously put forth. Furthermore, only gage in unilateral disarmament, refrain from land, and he had openly supported the nu a few weeks prior to his appearance before provoking the Soviets with "high confiden ce" clear test-ban pact which the Joint Chiefs the committee, Nitze, according to a HUMAN defensive measures and virtually ignore what of Staff concluded was a "net disadvantage" EVENTS source, had stoutly defended his even Time magazine now sees as the growing to the U.S. military. Moreover, when Sen. Asilomar address before the liberal Democra and ominous nuclear threat from the Soviet Richard Russell (D.-Ga.), then chairman of tic Study Group in the House. When Sen. Union. And what profoundly disturbs the the Armed Services Committee, asked Nitze Harry Byrd (D.-Va.) asked Nitze about his hard-liners in Congress and the Pentagon is if he had believed in 1958 "that we should remarks before the DSG, Nitze said that his that they believe that these days Kissinger pressure the Chinese Nationalists to evacuate "recollection" was that "I said that I very and Kahan think very much alike. Quemoy and Mat su," Mitze replied. "My rec recently reread this Asilomar speech, and ollection is in 1958 I did think so." Nitze there were elements in it which I thought THE PENTAGON'S NITZE: AN UNCERTAIN also opposed the 1955 Senate-House resolu stood up after having reread it." TRUMPET tion empowering the President to commit Sen. Robert Byrd (D.-W. Va.), now the No sooner did it become known that Henry American forces to protect those offshore is Democratic whip in the Senate, remarked to Kissinger had hired Jerome Kahan, a uni lands from a Red Chinese attack. Nitze at the time: "I don't want to impugn lateral disarmament advocate, to enter the One of the most provocative resolutions your sincerity ... [but] it seems to me that . top councils of the State Department (see emanating from the World Order Study Con in my reading of this speech I get an impres HUMAN EVENTS, February 16, page 3) than ference panel was the proposition that Amer sion that you threw out an idea which you word leaked out that yet another controver ica. should use force only if it were "sanc thought might really be practicable and fea sial disarmament expert had been slated for tioned by, and under the control of, the sible. You attempted to destroy the antici a key Pentagon post. That expert: Paul United Nations." Nitze said he opposed this pated objections to it.•.. I don't think a Nitze, an old Democratic hand who played a part of the panel recommendations but his careful reading of the statement really would major role in shaping the disarmament pol denial was less than persuasive in view of the convince me and persuade me that it was icies of former JFK-LBJ Defense Secretary startling speech he delivered to military a.nd indeed just a mere proposal which you did Robert S. McNamara. civilian personnel in Asilomar, Calif., on not believe in. . • ." Nitze is expected to be named to the job April 28, 1960-nearly two years after the Under Byrd's continuing barrage, Nitze of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Inter World Order Study Conference in Cleveland owned up: "I sincerely wanted this to be national Security Affairs, the same job he and a few months prior to Kennedy's elec analyzed by these people who were there, held in the Kennedy yea.rs and from which tion. I thought it was worthy of discussion." he and his successors exerted a powerful The Nitze speech consisted of a. series of In later years, Nitze has also been noted impact on the Pentagon's defense and for finely reasoned assumptions, but the key for his soft policies. From 1967 to 1969, Nitze eign policy planning. element was that America should no longer was No. 2 man in the Defense Department. While the New York Times' Leslie Gelb strive for nuclear superiority over the Soviet In the Nixon Administration, he has been quoted a. former Nitze colleague as saying Union or what Nitze defined as a "Class A" an important member of the Strategic Arms that he's "the most knowledgeable hawk in capability. Instead, said Nitze, the United Limitations Talks, a.nd publicly defended town," others more closely acquainted with States should aim for a "secure second-strike SALT I, although he has been critical of the his positions take strong exception to the capab111ty" with the caipacity to retaliate if outcome in private conversations. In addition "hard-liner" portrait. In the phrase of one the Soviets strike the first blow. to his disarmament views, he also opposed observer, Nitze, at best, is "an uncertain Indeed, Nitze's 4,000-word address con the Vietnam War a.nd argued against the be trumpet." Far from strengthening the hawk tained the seeds of the unilateral disarma lief that Hanoi could be bombed into sub ish viewpoint in the Defense Departmf?.nt, ment policy pursued so diligently and disas mission. for instance, there a.re some knowledgeable trously by the Kennedy Administration, a So much for Nitze "the hawk." Nitze may defense experts who believe that Nitze might policy that called for-and resulted in-the now, in fact, believe in a "harder line" than seriously undermine the Pentagon's position deliberate abandonment of U.S. nuclear supe he has voiced on the record, as many ob· on a variety of issues, including its "semi riority over the Soviet Union. servers seem to think. And judged by the ha.rd" attitude toward the Strategic Arms At Asilomar, Nitze went even further than disarmament theorists who think the U.S. Limitations Talks. most dovish nuclear experts by explicitly strategic arsenal should be reduced to a. Though even his critics will acknowledge proposing a plan that would make the United couple of H-bombs (a spare, in case one goes has hawkish moments, Nitze's rhetoric and Nations the ultimate orbiter of when the fiat), Nitze is probably considered a Dr. actions in the pa.st are not consistent with Western world could employ its strategic nu• Strangelove. But if past is prologue, as the the views of a "hard-liner." Nitze's views on clear arsenal. Sa.id Nitze: saying goes, the selection of Paul Nitze 1s disarmament, in fact, have proved fairly con "The actions I propose are the following: hardly likely to firm up the attitudes of De sistent-and dovish-since 1958. (1) That we concentrate on building a vari fense Secretary Schlesinger or send a single In November of that year, for instance, ety of secure, purely retaliatory systems. . . • shiver down the spines of Kremlin strategists. Nitze presided over Section 2 of the Fifth (2) that, when we have such a mix of rela World Order Study Conference of the Na tively secure systems, we scrap the fixed tional Council of Churches which met in based vulnerable systems that have their THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE Cleveland, Ohio. principal utility as components of a Class A The panel claimed that "aggressive tactics (superior] capability; (3) that we multi of the Communist powers are caused, in part, lateralize the command of our retaliatory systems by making SAC [the Strategic Air HON. JACK F. KEMP by fear of their own security . . . and the OF NEW YORK history of Western imperialism must be taken Command] a NATO command, and (4) that into account if we are to understand contem we inform the United Nations that NATO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES porary Communist attitudes." It also claimed will turn over ultimate power of decision on Monday, February 25, 1974 that "American nuclear stockpiles and wide the use of these systems to the General As ly scattered military bases, some of them sembly of the United Nations subject to the Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, during the near the borders of the Soviet Union, arouse following conditions: debate on the television policy of the February 25, 1974 'EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4149 . National Football League last fall, some prediction about the destruction of pro the level of 1936, when there had been disparaging remarks were made in this football. However, the Members who half as many people to feed. Almost half Chamber about professional football in voted to alter the TV policy of pro foot of the country's export earnings had to general, and about the NFL in partic ball should be open to empirical evidence be used to import food. And the balance ular. that indicates trends in pro football's of-payments deficit and foreign debt I would first like to share with my col financial future. Rather than closing our soared--doubling in only 3 years. When leagues some of the little-known fa~ts minds, or criticizing the league for the new government took control from about those activities of the NFL which showing its side of the story, and even the Communists it found that the Treas often go unnoticed but which reflect an telling pro football to outlaw the zone ury contained only enough money to integral part of league policy. defense, let's be openminded enough to finance for a single day the purchase of The National Football League has vol watch these statistics and trends and be food needed from abroad. unteered NFL films and TV air time, for willing to adopt remedial legislation if Repeated and prolonged strikes by the promotion of federally sponsored pro the facts so warrant. copper miners had caused the country's grams, since 1971, valued at $250,000. major industry to clank to a halt. The NFL players and their families have also demands of miners for higher wages to donated their time for radio and televi combat soaring inflation were coupled sion commercials and personal appear PICKING UP THE PIECES IN CHILE, with protests against the inept admin ances to promote these agency efforts. In AN UNTOLD STORY istration of the mines by Allende's polit the past 3 years the NFL has extended ical commissars. Political appoL'ltees over a half million dollars of time, people swelled the ranks of workers. They spent and footage for governmental projects HON. JOHN R. RARICK more time organizing and attending party meetings than in mining ore, and in the Department of HealthJ Education, OF LOUISIANA and Welfare, the Federal Energy Com the industries operated only at fantastic mission and the Department of Justice, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES losses. The efficient mining operations as well~ for projects dealing with sickle Monday, February 25, 1974 that Allende had without compensation cell anemia, high blood pressure, Good Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on Sep "Chileanized" from U.S.-based compa will Industries, Careers, United Way, and tember 11, 1973, after 3 years under nies became political playthings for the cancer research. The National Football Marxist rule, the people of Chile dra Marxists. League and the players of the NFL have matically rejected Communist President Hundreds of industries were national willingly and actively supported these Salvador Allende Gossens and his Marx ized. To force the bankruptcy of remain civic service programs because they real ist regime. The anti-Communist military ing private enterprises, Allende froze ize that their special expertise and ap had surrounded the Presidential Palace. prices on goods manufactured by private peal to a large cross section _of our P?i:u Unwilling to answer to his Communist concerns and at the same time granted lation places them in a umque pos1t1on masters for his failure, Allende com large wage raises while inflating the to easily influence their audiences, and mitted suicide with a gun given him by prices of government-controlled raw ma in possessing that influence, that they Fidel Castro, whom he had sought to re terials. As this escalated, whole industries have a responsibility to our society to en place as the most celebrated Communist fell into the hands of Allende's Marxist courage the development of and the par in the Americas. Allende left behind him henchmen and the economy disinte ticipation in programs that better the an economy so destroyed by communism grated. society. . that it may take years to recover. Fwious, the people reacted. Strikes by I am extremely proud of my years m The immediate reaction of outrage ex truckers, shopkeepers, white-collar work pro football and of my affiliation with the pressed by Communists and radicals in ers, taxi drivers, and hospital technicians game-its players, owners, and fans. our country and throughout the world rocked Chile in the months before the And as a Member of the House, I am was to be expected. Their "showcase of government was toppled. All semblance grat~ful for the concern and commit democratic socialism in the Western of social and economic order had been ment of the league to the betterment of destroyed in Chile. Hemisphere," as Allende's Communist Meanwhile, even as he paid lip service our country and our people. regime was called had failed. In its fail Second, I want to bring to the atten ure, the Allende government had learned to his goal of establishing a Communist tion of my colleagues some current what other Communists have long state in Chile through democratic means, statistics on league attendance which kn<>wn-that a free people will not will Salvador Allende armed an international reflects what may be the results of the ingly trade liberty for communism. brigade of workers, students, and foreign Congress recent alteration of NFL TV By midsummer, most observers real Communist revolutionaries, who had policy. ized that Allende had led Chile to the been quietly infiltrated into the country. On Thursday, December 13, 1973, the He now realized that his only hope of brink of civil war or total collapse. Eco retaining power was through an armed Washington Post carried an article en nomic chaos paralyzed the country. In titled "NFL No-Shows Jump 60 Percent flation had reached a staggering 350 per Communist takeover. In a letter of July From '72." In essence, the article pointed 29, 1973, discovered among other Presi cent by the end of July-the highest dential documents after the coup, Cuban out that in the 13-week season of 1972, in the world. Consumer prices were prior to the enactment of legislation to dictator Fidel Castro urged Allende to more than doubling every 4 months, and rally his forces and strike: lift television blackouts in cities where what consumer products were available NFL games were played, the "no-show" ... Don't for a. single instant forget the were earmarked as a first priority for formidable power of the Chilean labour class, spectator count was 524,871. For that party members. The people were forced and the energetic backing that it has afforded same period in 1973, after the legislation to endure massive waiting lines to pur you at a.11 difficult times. It can, at a call became effective, the early estimated chase their government rations of food from you should the revolution ·be endan "no-show" amount was 826,182. More and clothing, or to turn to the black gered, paralyze those who favor a. coup d'etat, recent figures reported by the league market. Paper currency was so devalued retain the adherence of vacillators, impose show that for the 1973 regular 14-week by inflation that rather than reporting its conditions, and decide once and forever season there were 109 televised games ... the fate of Chile. The enemy should to work for a daily wage, workers often know that it has been summoned and is and 1,017,333 "no-shows." The post found it more beneficial to stand in line ready to come into action. Its strength and season "no-shows" totaled 41,902. for a government handout, which many combativeness may tilt the scale in your It would seem, in the interest of then sold on the black market. The black favor, even though other circumstances may objectivity, Congress should monitor market, by now the free market left in be unfavorable. closely the effects of lifting the TV black Chile, became the only industry in the But, in spite of their intensive guerrilla out. Admittedly, all the evidence is not land that showed a profit. training and the large caches of arms in. Yet, as the Post points out: Allende's policies of agrarian reform, and ammunition stored for them in the The real test is expected to come next sea. which turned farmers into employees of Presidential Palace and other govern son when season-ticket holders, who com the state, re,.sulted in a drop of almost 20 ment buildings, Allende's paramilitary prise the bulk of NFL attendance, make their percent in agricultural production. Un decisions a.bout renewing tickets. commandos offered little organized re certainty over expropriation of their sistance to the military on the morning To call attention to these facts is not crops and land discouraged farmers from of the coup. It was a preemptive move- to "cry wolf" or engage in a "doomsday" planting. Agricultural production sank to well timed and well organized. In the 4150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2'5, 1974 President's luxurious home in Santiago, Grave doubts about what had really hap nerstones of constitutional freedom being the armed forces discovered an arsenal pened in Chile were created in the minds included is the right to own private prop sufficient to supply over 2,000 men. of millions of uninformed Americans. erty. Every effort is being made to assure There were Russian-made rockets, 30- Little attention was paid to reports is that no fanatical minority of Commu and 50-caliber heavy machineguns, AK- sued a few weeks later by reporters nists will ever again be able to gain a 47's, recoilless antitank weapons, and making independent investigations of stranglehold on the country. The Chilean bazookas--with enough ammunition to the story. These investigations estab Embassy reports: permit sustained gunfire for over 24 lished that the allegations of Newsweek The final goal of the (Fundamental) Char hours. A bomb factory and a guerrilla reporter Barnes were so wildly exagger ter is to interpret the feelings of the majority school were discovered at the home of Al ated as to constitute deliberate misrep of the country and to create ma.ohinery for lende's private secretary. Caches of ex resentation. The body-count :figure of preventing the nation from ever again being plosives, grenades, assault guns, and 2,769 was correct, of course. But what ruled by a minority which refuses to respect Molotov cocktails were found in factories Barnes had neglected to tell the readers the popular will of the majority. and industrial plants operated by Allen of Newsweek was that the figure repre Anti-Communist Chile's Ambassador de's Communist appointees. sented every corpse admitted to the to the United States is Walter H. Heit Documents found in the office of the Santiago morgue for the entire year mann, a soft-spoken retired air force Minister of the Interior, Daniel Vergara, from January 1 through September. The general. Soon after his arrival in Wash a Community Party leader, indicates Chilean Embassy in Washington reports ington, Ambassador Heitmann appeared that if the military coup had not taken that the actual death toll was less than on my weekly television program "You've place when it did the Communists would 600, including 42 military and police. a Right To Know" to discuss the situa have launched their formal takeover. After the first burst of sensationalist tion in his country. This was his first ap Plans had already been made, and sched headlines, the U.S. press has largely pearance on U.S. television, and Gen uled, to assassinate top military leaders chosen to ignore Chile. The new govern eral Heitmann emphasized that his gov on September 17. Even former Chilean ment's uphill struggle to restore an econ ernment's leaders hope "that they can President Eduardo Frei, who is hardly omy shattered by Allende and his Com show the world with actions and final known as a rightwing extremist, looked munists has been almost to·tally neg results that they did the right thing." As upon the junta as the only escape from lected. Yet the economy of Chile has we talked, Ambassador Heitmann dis a Communist takeover: begun to show signs of recovering from cussed the recent events in his country The country had no other way out towards its 3 years under Marxism. with a determination and optimism that salvation but a government by the Junta.. Copper production, which accounts for characterize conversations I have had Allende had come to establish Communism about 80 percent of Chile's income, has with other members of the new anti by violence, not through democratic means. already shown a substantial increase. communist government. I believe you will And when deceived democrat.a realized. the magnitude of this treason, it was too late; The copper mines are expected to pro be interested in the details of that inter masses of guerrilleros had been armed, and a duce a record 800,000 tons during 1974. view which follow: program of extermination of mllita.ry, civil And the government has begun to con INTERVIEW and political heads was a.bout to be put into duct negotiations "aimed at providing Ambassador HEITMANN. It would take three action. just compensation" for nationalized U.S. years to explain the facts, because in three Chile was spared the massive butchery interests. years the previous Government destroyed that followed Communist revolutions in Farms illegally taken by the Allende our oountry. Unless you have knowledge of regime are being returned to their own the former conditions, you will not be able Cuba, China, and Russia. The military to understand the reasons why the military, apparently acted only after the threat of ers. Agricultural production is expected breaking a long trad'ition in our country, a Communist takeover by force seemed to rise markedly despite the delayed intervened; and why the majority of Chileans imminent. For 46 years the military in planting season. are supporting the new government. It would Chile had avoided involvement in civilian Public confidence in the escudo be necessary for the American people to see politics. But, as the Communists have Chile's national currency-is returning. how our women formed long lines just to proved again and again, there are far Long-hoarded U.S. dollars are again get some food, and remained standing for worse ways to live. And within a week the being exchanged for escudos at the of hours well into the night. They were forced, ficial rate. In fact, some $19.5 million in with this system, to leave their children junta, composed of representatives of the alone, risking their health and lives in order Army, Navy, Air Force, and National small bills were sent abroad a commer to get food. The food was distributed. only Police, had established its credibility as cial airliner to Miami in late December to those who were members of the Marxist a government and began to move the as the first installment toward repay political parties. Citizens who did not belong country back toward liberty. ment of Chile's :financial obligations to to those parties could not even get the basic For one thing, it assumed full re the United States. In a little-publicized necessities to support life, but were forced to sponsibility for the foreign debts of the agreement with the U.S. State Depart buy them in the "black market." previous administration. The United ment, Chile's new leaders have agreed to Congressman RARICK. Party-that's the repay $64 million during the next 6 years Communist Party? States is still waiting for payment of Ambassador HEITMANN. That's the Com debts owed by Russia in 1917 and Cuba beginning in January 1975, with interest munist Party, yes. That is the way they oper in 1959. This was a significant step of 6 percent per annum. Reports indi ated in order to have the complete control toward reestablishing international cate that it took the tellers almost a over the Chilean people. Basically, the mili credit and respectability. week to count the millions of U.S. bills, tary was asked by the people to intervene to In the subsequent rush of the U.S. many of which had been exchanged for put an end to this situation. For three years, press to deplore military rule by the escudos after having been hoarded by the population had been nourished with lies, new government, inaccuracies, misrep Chileans throughout the Allende regime. with promises that were never accomplished. The social and political chaos Chile They grew sick and tired of demagoguery. resentations, and deliberate lies were The unions went on strike, especially the headlined across our country. Wide suffered under the Marxists is to be re truckers' unions. And the university students spread coverage was given a Newsweek placed by a new Constitution currently too. Even the housewives went into the story, filed by correspondent John being drafted. It is expected to be sub streets demanding the resignation of Allende. Barnes, claiming an "official morgue mitted to a public plebiscite for approval The country was paralyzed, production was body-count" showed that during the first within the next few months. But the almost non-existent, everything was a matter 2 weeks following the overthrow of Com liberal press in the United States, still of politics. The police force was called out to rade Allende the Santiago morgue proc mourning the fall of Communist Salva repress the people's protest, and police officers dor Allende, has failed to report that the quickly became sick of misuse of authority. essed 2,796 bodies. It implied that execu Finally, however, the leaders of the military tions had taken place on the same scale drafting committee does not include a could no longer remain deaf to the demands in other Chilean cities. The report single representative of the armed of the people for the resignation of Allende. created a sensation and shocked most forces. Chile's military leaders appar They asked him to leave the country, and Americans. It was even read into the ently desire to return to their traditional offered him safe passage to the nation of his CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as representing role, separate from civilian politics, as preference. even Russia, with full assurance the brutality of the new anti-Commu soon as the emergency can be ended. that he might take with him whomever he Early indications are that the new wished. When he did not accept this offer, nist government. The Newsweek report the Armed Forces moved to overthrow him by gained wide circulation on college cam Constitution will reaffirm and strengthen f·orce. puses and was used by Marxist groups to basic freedoms and civil liberties denied Congressman RARICK. Mr. Ambassador, you raise money for anti-Chile propaganda. under the Allende regime. One of the cor- were in Chile at the time of the coup. What February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4151 do you believe would have happened if the "democratic communism," and the people tion. As for negotiations with copper com military had not intervened? understood. The shortages of food, medicines, panies, we expect them to end in a mutual Ambassador HErrMANN. I retired one year and raw materials became a national tragedy. agreement that will benefit both parties. ago from the Armed Forces, so I was able to Women went out in the streets crying be Nevertheless, we need all kinds of foreign watch developments both as a military man cause their cooking pots were empty. Work help now. Technical, scientific, and economic and as a civilian. If the Army had not stepped ers, technicians, employees, countrymen, aid is necessary because, as you know, the in, the government would have started its professionals, and students went on strike deficit in the balance of payments is $700 own revolution. It had organized popular and the country was paralyzed. All over the million this year, despite the fact that before militias, it had weapons, organization, guer country people began collecting signatures Allende came to power we enjoyed a $400 rilla-training camps with people coming in to ask Allende to resign. At last, doctors of million surplus. from Cuba, Korea, and other countries. Chile medicine and truckers declared that they Congressman RARICK. What is the new was invaded by foreigners who were ready to would remain on strike until the President Government doing to resto!re economic and lead the coup that the Allende Government had left the Moneda. It was then that the social stability in Chile? was preparing for the seventeenth of Septem Armed Forces and the Police Corps inter Ambassador HEITMANN. The destruction of ber, one day before our National Day. They vened. our economy by the Marxist was so complete had a detailed plan for that day, which was Congressman RARICK. We are hearing talk that reconstruction will be even more dif found in the safe of the Minister of the In about suppression of the minorities and of ficult than that required of a nation reduced terior. It was known as .''Plan Z." Anybody of free speech in your country. Does this to rubble by a war. Emergency measures have can look at these documents in the "White exist? been implemented with plans for short, me Book" recently published by the new Govern Ambassador HEITMANN. At this moment all dium, and long term reconstruction. As an ment. My Embassy is making every effort to political activities are suspended. The people immediate measure, efforts were concen circulate this book in the United States. accept this, and are offering to continue such trated on the provision of foodstuffs, to avoid Congressman RARICK. Do you feel that a suspension until the country achieves a the famine precipitated by the decline of President Allende was the leader of this coup certain degree of recovery. Some news sources agricultural production and the dismantling against his own Government, or was he being have publicized inadequate information, as of the food-processing industry. This was manipulated by outside forces? well as falsified reports, related to the Chilean followed by the initiation of short-term plans Ambassador HEITMANN. Mr. Allende was in Government. Perhaps part of this misin to reorganize labor in all sectors. The Chilean some way losing control of the political forces formation is a result of the fact that the democratic organization is being restruc that supported him, especially of the Socialist legal procedures under which the Military tured to encourage increased production in Party, which was the most ardent advocate of Courts operate require the strictest secrecy mining, agriculture, and industry. violence. But Allende was a Socialist himself, regarding those being detained. In com Congressman RARICK. What lies ahead for and the disagreement with his party was only pliance with the military code of justice that Chile? a matter of timing. There is no doubt he has operated in Chile for more than twenty Ambassador HEITMANN. Regarding our fu knew about this plot because some of the five years, the military authorities cannot ture hopes, I can assure you that the com documents were found in his house, where he divulge any information about those being ing years will be years of sacrifice and ef kept an arsenal: guns ma.de in Russia, East held for questioning. For this reason, it is fort on the part of the people of Chile. If Germany, and Czecho-Slovakia. There are not unusual to hear that "so-and-so has dis it is not possible to p!rocure the immediate some pictures of his practicing with ma appeared," allowing the imagination to sup technical and economic support that Chile chine-guns in the gardens of one of his sev ply the remaining details, while the truth needs, the recovery will nevertheless con eral houses. of the mattter ls that the person in question tinue. Without international understand Congressman RARICK. But there were peo is only being interrogated by the courts. In ing and cooperation, our recuperation ple from outside your country who had been addition, it is possible that some people pro will of course be slower. But Chile has no moved in? viding false information are politically in doubts about having taken the road back Ambassador HErrMANN. Yes, we detected terested in distorting the actual situation in to freedom, and we hope that some day about thirteen thousand foreigners, most of Chile. soon the other free nations of the world them Cubans and Brazllians, some from Congressman RARICK. In the meantime, will understand and appreciate this. · Uruguay, Korea, and other countries. They what has your country done with all of those NoTE.-This Mticle originally appeared in were actively training Chileans too. In the Communists from other countries who were the March 1974 issue of American Opinion. factories they were organizing workers in infiltrated in Chile? paramilitary armies and providing them with Ambassador HEITMANN. We are giving them arms. safe-conduct to leave the country. I don't RESPONSE OF INDIANA CHURCHES Congressman RARICK. In other words, the know if the countries that are receiving them TO THE ENERGY CRISIS Socialists and Communists were using the are aware of the problems they are going to labor movement and the poor people to ar have as a result. Some are even offering them range a guerrilla movement against their own high positions in universities and public country? activities. It certainly provides a good oppor HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Ambassador HEITMANN. Yes, that's exactly tunity for Communism to spread its ideology OF INDIANA to different countries. what happened. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congressman RARICK. But Mr. Ambassa Congressman RARICK. Mr. Ambassador I am dor, if Allende's guerrilla movement was so sure you are aware that the U.S. Govern Monday, February 25, 1974 ment has been discussing the possibility that strong, why was there so little opposition Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask to the preemptive coup by the military? these Communists and Marxists from Chile Ambassador HEITMANN. Why did they find might be classified as "refugees" and offered unanimous consent to insert in the little resistance? It is obvious: Because most sanctuary here in the United States. I'm RECORD the text of a statement .bY the people were against Allende. The Marxist sure your country is not going to object if Indiana Council of Churches of Decem regime became very unpopular during the some other country takes them off your ber 27, 1973, setting forth the response of last year. People were promised many good hands, are you? churches in the State of Indiana to short things, and they were misled for a time. But Ambassador HEITMANN. No, we want to get ages of energy. as soon as treason-to-promises was confirmed, rid of them by all means, but we are not The text of the resolution follows: they protested against the former '3overn going to kill them. We just want them out ment. It was then that the Marxists had to of the country. And if they find a country RESPONSE OF INDIANA CHURCHES TO THE look for more foreigners to help support Al that wants to take care of them, that's the ENERGY CRISIS lende. Our citizens are lovers of peace and problem of that country. The churches of Indiana represented in freedom, and only the knowledge that they Congressman RARICK. The flow of private the Indiana Council of Churches recognize had been cheated made them react violently capital from the United States to Chile was their individual and corporate responsibility against the cheater. cut oft' following the seizure of several U.S. in the current energy crisis. They will under ' What happened in Chile was not a coup based copper companies. Within the past few take to counsel with their people in regard d'etat. It was the only way to solve the prob weeks, however, private U.S. bank loans to conservation of fuel, adjust their program lems of the nation. The problems had amounting to about $150 million have been ming to the same end and contribute posi been created by the former Govern made available to Chile. Do you see this as tively to meeting the energy problem in com ment through the illegal rulings applied dur an economic vote of confidence for the new munit ies, the state and nation. ing the last three years. Our moral, social, Government? The churches consider it essential at the and economic status was destroyed. Such Ambassador HEITMANN. There was no guar national level: activity was formally denounced by the Su antee of national or foreign investment in (1) That the actual nature and eXitent of preme Court, the Comptroller's Office, and Chile over the last few years because the the shortage be determined by the Govern the Congress. However, Allende did not lis Allende regime did not act in accordance ment itself independent of reports from the ten, and continued to violate both the Con with the Constitution and the law. Big and oil companies. stitution and the law. small factories were illegally seized, some (2) That representatives of the public in The military intervention was a conse were even taken over by guerrilla forces. At cluding the churches be involved in exami.,. quence of the demands expressed by the this moment, I think we are recovering the nation of the problem and in planning to majority of Chileans. At great risk, the news traditional confidence investors once had, meet it. papers, radio, and television published the because Chileans are once again working to (3) That whatever plan or plans may be facts that proved the failure of the so-called increase and improve the quality of produc- devised shall be made equitable so that some 4152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 do not profit greatly while others sustain speech of Cumberland, R.I., high school best expressed by Carl Schurz. when he heavy economic cost. senior, Lynne Coulombe. Miss coulom stated (4) That it be- recognized that attempting "OUr country, right or wrong; to restrict the use of fuel by raising the cost be's well expressed thoughts reflect the concerns shared by many young citizens, When right, to be kept right; through large price increases or greatly When wrong to be put right!" expanded tax would bear unfairly upon work yet present an affirmation of faith in our ing people who must use their cars to get to democratic form of government. work and can least afford higher transporta Her speech is titled "My Responsibil FORMER CONSTITUENTS AND MEM· tion costs. Many such employees are in areas ity as a Citizen:• BERS OF RICHARD NIXON'S where no public transportation exists. Describing my responsibility as a citizen ( o) That national leadership be given to CHURCH CALL FOR IMPEACH is surely not as simple a task as it may ap MENT strengthening and expanding local public pear. This responsibility is not one single, transportation systems and to the develop clearly discernible entity which can be iso ment of such systems. where not now in lated and analyzed. Rather, my responsib111ty existence. lies in several intertwining duties which HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. (6) That the current energy situation not transcend the bounds of being merely re OP CALIFORNIA be used to turn back the clock on school sponsib111ties to act when the need for de IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES integration. fense is evident. Responsibilities of thought (7) That immediate attention be given ta and deliberation are perhaps more important Monday, February 25, 1974 the problem of unemployment and redistri because they are the catalysts which set du Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak bution of employment as a result of the ties of act into motion. energy situation. er, in today's mall I received a copy of a (a) That Hoosiers recognize the crisis as I, as a citizen. must recognize my country resolution passed by the Peace and So national and that concern for Indiana's wel for her inherent values. Her heritage, par cial Order Committee of the Claremont fare not blind the state's government or ticularly her founding and the incubation Friends Meeting, the text of which I people to the fact that this is one nation of what we have accepted as our Constitu tion and the varied qualities of her multi would like to insert in the RECORD. This and that limitations on fuel must be accepted resolution is of particular interest since proportionately by all regardless of where ethnic citizemy a.Ye some of the more ob in the country they live. vious traits worthy of mention and respect. Claremont is in the heart of what was For themselves the chul'ches declare their She 1s a land of charity, to her own inhabi once California's 12th Congressional Dis intention to: tants as well as to many of the world's peo trict, represented by the Honorable Jerry ( 1) Combine necessary meetings to reduce ple. She has remained a bastion of freedom Voorhis until he was defeated in one of travel. as it is printed, spoken and heard, and she history's most notorious smear cam (2) Reduce or eliminate meetings where allows it to thrive. Without further attempts paign's by Richard Nixon in 1946. Con possible by means of telephone conference to itemize the various freedoms that a.re of gressman Voorhis still resides in Clare calls, mall communication and other pro fered, suffice it to say that they are, indeed, there, and they permeate the culture. Yet. mont and remains extremely active in cedures. local politics in the area. (3) Foster car pooling on the part of in most of all, she is strong and powerful dividuals and families. country with the fortitude to endure. Our Another factor increasing the interest (4) Encourage members and constituents domestic political system has proven itself of this resolution is the fact that Mr. of the churches to conserve fuel in their to be as valid for the industrial society that Nixon himself was raised as a member homes and businesses. is. present now, as well as for the agricultural of the community of Friends, widely ( 5) Close. parts of churches hard to heat. society und.er which it was adopted. Even known as the Quaker Church, even and use more easily heated portions of build the effects of the tides of controversy such as we are experiencing presently, the funda though his actions throughout his politi ings. cal career have gone against the prin (6) Explore joint use of fac111ties by more mental constitutional system has held firm than one congregation. with minimal adversity. Her power has re ciples of that religion quite consistently. (7) Survey the :neighborhoods of the peatedly been demonstrated. Never declared The text of the resolution follows: churches to find persons encountering dif less than a victor in war, there is little likeli• FEBRUARY 3, 1974. ficulty in getting fuel on and aiding them in hood of m111tary or strategic failure and de The Peace and Social Order Committee of securing it and provid1ng shelter if required. feat 1n the future. Here ts where by responsi the Claremont Friends Meeting urges Rich (8) Seek recognition of the special problem b111ty as a citizen becomes much more dtm ard Nixon to drop his adversary role toward of churches which have bus ministries as an cult, and where its manifestations are oft all who question his actions and that he important or even major phase of their total times misunderstood. When my country mis freely come forward with all the necessary program and articulate the particular prob documents involved in the charges of illegal uses the strength that she possesses, either actions and abuses of power by his adminis lems confronted by pastors in parish con domestically or internationally, my responsi nected travel and in reaching their fields. tration. We believe he should be willing, if This statement shall be communicated to bility as a citizen is to act; tor not to is surely need be, to submit to questioning by appro Willlam E. Simon, the federal energy ad one of the basest forms of neglect. There are priate authorities of the other branches of ministrator, members of Congress from In several distinctions within the defined realm government concerning these charges. At dl.a.na, Governor Bowen, Roberrt Morris, In of dissent, and one must realize that quiet, this time of crisis. we believe he should dia.na's energy coordinator, Speaker Kermit yet effective, dissent 1s easily as viable a.a search his soul, for his own sake and for the Burrous of the Indiana House of Representa what we have come to accept as synonymous morale of the country, and show hts regard tives and Chairman Pro Tem Philip Gutman with the word itself. For example, notifying for and his trust ln the American people of the State Senate. one's representatives and senators in Wash by openly confiding in them about his rela Dr. F. BENJAMIN DAVIS, ington of his disagreement on matters of tionship to the matters which so trouble President. principle, procedure or policy 1s probably the them. Dr. GROVER L. HARTMAN, most common form of what could be termed In any case, we believe that the House of Eucuttve Secretary,. "passive dissent.'' Representatives should continue the investl ga.tlon of the acts of Richard M. Nixon. Historically, it haa been those who dis We believe the following are some grounds 'A YOUNG PERSON'S THOUGHTS ON sented who achieved progressive results. Our for Impeachment: independence was procured through dissi THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CITI ( 1) The President has usurped the war ZENSHIP dents who vere eventually succeeded by the maklng powers of Congress: he deliberately civil rights demonstrators, who at southern concealed the bombing of Cambodia from lunch counters, fought successfully for their Congress and the people and caused govern HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN integration. It 1s the individual who does not ment records to be falsified. He has also an OJI' RHODE ISLAND react to indignities, or even outrages, who nounced that we would do so again under does the greatest disservice to his country. similar circumstances; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Still, through the internal pressure exerted (2) The President established a secret Monday. February 25, 1974 upon the structure of our country she has police that operated outside the restraints endured, proving that since she is a govern of law and engaged 1n criminal acts of bur Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, I am ment of the peopple, inherently she can with glary, wiretapping, espionage and perjury; sure my colleagues are aware of the an stand the actions ot those people who care (3) The President has flouted the Consti nual Voice of Democracy contest spon about the future and direction of the coun tution and some of the laws of the land. For sored by the Veterans of Foreign Wars try. example, he impounded $40 b1111on that Con and its ladies auxiliary in which second gress voted for humanitarian needs; he of Therefore my responsibility as a citizen is fered a high federal post to the judge at the ary school students in every State com twofold: I must appreciate the attributes and pete for scholarship awards by prepar time presiding in the Ellsberg trial, and he values present in my country, and at the and his aides have obstructed investigation ing a broadcast script addressing their sa.me time~ I must strive· to correct her de of the Watergate break-in. remarks to a chosen theme. ficiencies where they occur. JAMES w. Got1LI>, May I share with you the winning In conclusion, perhaps this sentiment was, Ch.airman..