February 25, 1974 .EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4117 Mark G. Williamson Gary F. Wines Douglas L. Wood Steven C. Wry Robert L. Young Paul E. Ziegler, Jr. Willlam J. WilliamsonCharles D. Wise Johnny A. Wood Stanley G. Stewart G. Young .Robert R. Zimmerman David L. Willis Larry V. Wise Michael S. Woodson Wylazlowski Kenneth W. Zebal Andrew D. Zinn John A. Woodward Patrick D. Wynn Cornell A. Wilson, Jr. Merton T. Witham Joseph M. Zeimetz David A. Zucker Eugene S. Wilson, Jr. Donald E. Wolf Larry K. Worthington Stephen M. Yoakem Larry S. Wilson Thomas V. Wolf Lee A. Wright Stephen T. York George E. Zhookofl' Edward D. Wilt Douglas K. Wood Roger J. Wright Paul M. Young, Jr.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS I do su_ggest it ·oecause I know, as Lincoln PRESIDENT NOTES 165TH ANNIVER­ and firm no matter how harsh or unfair the criticism might be. would have known, that in today's world SARY OF LINCOLN'S BIRTH These elements of greatness, of course, in­ without America and its strength and its spired us all today. The particular factor will and its respect and its determination, HON~ that I wolild like to address, how.ever,, ls peace and freedom will not survive in the LESLIE C. ARENDS one that Mr. Whitaker has alluded to in his world. What a great challenge for a great OF ILLINOIS .,gracious introduction. It has to do with Lin­ people. IN THE EIOUSE OF REPRESENTATNES coln's vision about America's role in the I conclude simply by paraphrasing what world. Lincoln said so many years ago so much Monday, February 25, 1974 What we sometimes forget is that Abraham more eloquently, we could meanly lose what Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, each year Lincoln was a world statesman at the time is mankind's last best hope for peace and throngs of Americans and foreign tour­ that America. w.as not a world power. Here on freedom, but we could also nobly save it. these walls are inscribed many of his very Abraham Lincoln, who saved the Union, ists in Washington pay tnibute to .our :familiar usages. One from the .aecond In­ would say to us today, let this great Union, Nation's m-0st revered President, Abra­ augural comes to mind when Lincoln said, North, South, East and West, now save the ham Lincoln. No visit to the Nation's "To do all that we may to achieve anc\ to cause of peace and freedom for the whole .Capital is com.Plete without stopping at cherish a just a.nd lasting peaee among our­ world. the impressive Llncoln Memorial. selves and between all Nations." This is Lin­ 'Thank you. As many of our Presidents have d-one coln 110 years ago. before him, also paused When America, torn by civil strife, and on February 12 to bonor this great when America, even after it was united with DISTURBED CHILDREN: THE RIGH'r both the North and South working together TO LEARN American and most famous citizen of my to build a. grea;ter country could not and state of Illlnois. would not even p1ay a great role in the world Under leave to extend mY remarks in for yea.l's and -years to come, and yet Lincoln Hon. Yvonne Brathwaite Burke the REcoRD, I include Pr-efildent Nbron's with that mystical sense of destiny and vi­ OF tribute delivered a.t a wreath-laying s-ion saw it all ahead when he said, -ours ceremony at the Lincoln Memorial on the is-earth's last, best hope." IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES 1'65th anni;versary of Abraham Lineoln's And now we come to today, 110 years later. Monday, February 25, 1974 Even Lincoln would have marveled if he were birth-: living today. This .Nation now, the strongest Mrs. BURKE of California. Mr. .REJICARKS OF THE iPRESIDENll' AT A WR£ATH­ Nation in the worla, the richest Nation by Speaker, in my continuing effort to in­ LA:l"ING CEREMONY -ON THE 165TH ANNI­ far in "the world and a Nation greatly re­ iorm my colleagues of the need to pro­ V~R.s.\BY OF ABRA!HAl\C LINCOLN'S BmTH spected all over the world, and the question vide meaningful Federal resources to All of the distinguished guests on the plat- he would have asked, as we must ask .our­ !orm and ladies .and gentlemen and our selves is, how will history look back on our educate and treat our handicapped .chil­ guests who are listening on radio and tele­ time? Wilat did we do with our strength'? dren, I am inserting an article from the vision: Wh'at did we do with our wealth? Did we Washington Post of February 22, 1974, As I was reading about the Lincoln use it only for ourselves, or did we recognize by George F. Will of the successes of spe­ .Memorial before ooming down here this as Lincoln recognized that we had a destiny cial schools in educating schizophrenics, morning, I found that of all the great his­ far beyond this great Nation, looki~ out psychotics, and autistics. :OOricaJ. sights in the Washington area, the over the whole wide world. 'Beleaguered parents trying desperately Lincoln Memorial is visited more often than These thoughts come to mind that Linooln to find education for their handicapped .any other by far, might well have advised us: One, that in As a. ~tter of fact, I have learned, I wJ11 this period of time that America was never children have been turned away because 'Sa.Y to Mr. Walker olf the Park Service, that petulant simply because we do not get our State laws refused to :,,Jrovlde educational the Memorial has been visited so often and way in the world councils every time, that .services to those they considered un­ has .received. so much wear and tear that it America did not bully weaker nations sim­ educable. Now, .after some successful perhaps is going to have to have some sub­ _ply because we were stronger, that America .class action suits, States are being forced stantial work done to build it back up so always used it-s strength, certainly in this to acknowledge the basic right of all chil­ tha.t it can take a.11 the traffic. century at least, used its strength to -0.efend dren, including those children who are The question that I would like to address ..freedom and never to destroy it, to keep the briefly this morning on Lincoln's birthday peace and 'to defend the peace and never to severely handicapped, to publicly sup­ 1s why, why is Lincoln, of -all the American break it. ported education. What is developing is Presidents, more revered not only in America I think !Jincoln also would have had this a constitutional principle that says that but in the world? admonition to his fellow Americans on such basic State services, like educ;ation, must There are several reasons that come to an occasion as this in thls particular period be afforded citizens despite the expense mind. He freed the slaves. He saved the in our history. He would have hoped that involved. As Mr. Will points out: ·union. He died of an assassin's bullet just America with its strength and its wealth An insufficiency of funds will not be al­ at the height of his career at the end of the would not turn away from greatness despit.e War between the States. lowed to bear more heavily on handicapped the fact that some other nations in the children than on normal children. Then there aTe other factors which come world turn inward falling to assume their to mind: The Lincoln character which has responsibilities for building a. peaceful world. I am hopeful that the Developmental been described in so many, many hundredS Lincoln would have said, a great nati-0n, Disabilities Act of ~70, which is of books, much better than I can describe it a strong nation, a rich nation and a great presently being considered by the Sub­ Jn a few w<>rds, the humility, 'the humor, the people will use their strength and their feeling and kindness for people, but perhaps committee on Pub1ic Health and En­ wealth to build a world in which peace and will mo.re than anything else the strength, the freedom can survive for themselves and for vironment, recognize these same con­ poise under pressure. others as well. This, I think, is the Lincoln cepts and assure that the new Develop­ When we examine the American Presi­ heritage for today. It is the Lincoln admoni­ mental Disabilities Act of 1974 provides dents, it is quite clear that no President in tion for tomorrow and I would trust for the for a full range of services t..o all children 'history has been more vilified or was more next generation and perhaps for the next who are severely handicapped clue to .a vilified during the time he was President century. medically determinable physical or men­ than Lincoln. I do not suggest all of this in any sense tal impairment. Those who knew him, his secretaries, have that America wants to dominate any other written that he was very deeply hurt by country, because we do not. I do not sug­ The article follows.: what was said about him and drawn about gest this because America wants strength DISTURBED CHILDREN; THE .RlGHT T

1964 1965 1966 Number of Net loss Average Number of Net loss Average Number of Net loss Average AGI classes (thousands) returns (thousands) loss returns (thousands) loss returns (thousands) loss

0 to $5 ______222, 910 $236, 049 $1, 059 197, 762 $203, 526 $1, 029 171, 410 $167, 024 $974 $5 to $10 ______------314, 346 340, 867 1, 084 319, 741 334, 943 1, 048 324, 312 349, 196 1, 077 $10 to $15 ______---____ --_--- ___ 70, 351 112, 499 1, 599 79, 564 123, 177 l, 548 104, 509 142, 655 1, 365 $15 to $20 ______------17, 969 48, 817 2, 717 23, 843 60, 292 2, 529 31, 667 35, 370 2, 380 $20 to $50 ______----_____ ------29, 394 152, 693 5, 195 30, 380 133, 187 4, 384 36, 861 154, 263 4, 185 $50 to $100 ______------__ 6, 865 63, 526 9, 254 7, 424 76, 852 10, 352 8, 863 76, 402 8,620 $100 to $500 1------2, 546 53, 608 21, 056 2, 874 54, 872 19, 093 13, 241 I 60, 789 I 18, 756 $500 to $1,00 o____ ------145 5, 295 36, 517 170 6, 625 38, 971 193 7, 566 39, 202 $1,000 and over ______.______76 4, 500 59, 211 103 7, 630 74, 078 88 3, 555 40, 398

1Greater detail available for 1966.

Net Net Net Net profit loss Average profit loss Average (number (number net (number (number net of of loss/ of of loss/ returns) Amount returns) Amount return returns) Amount returns) Amount return

1967: 1969: $100,000 to $200,000 ______1, 052 $21, 569, 000 3, 009 $47, 800, 000 $15, 886 $100,000 to $200,000 ______1, 530 $27, 838, 000 4, 116 $62, 634, 000 $15, 217 $200,000 to $500,ooo______225 3, 473, 000 1, 044 29, 874, 000 28, 615 $200,000 to $500,000 ______331 6, 623, 000 1, 212 37, 349, 000 30, 816 $500,000 to $1,000,000 ______35 950, 000 243 11, 503, 000 47, 337 $500,000 to $1,000,000. ----- 35 1, 212, 000 271 11, 129, 000 41, 066 $1,000,000 plus ______12 73, 000 108 8, 007, 000 74, 139 $1,000,000 plus ______27 770, 000 136 9, 037, 000 66, 448 1968: 1970: $100,000 to $200,000 ______l, 309 25, 299, 000 3, 653 59, 013, 000 16, 155 $100,000 to $200,000 ______.__ 1, 767 32, 462, 000 3, 846 6,8, 560, 000 17, 826 $200,000 to $500,000 ______321 6, 699, 000 1, 242 37, 038, 000 29, 821 $200,000 to $500,000 ______389 6, 899, 000 1, 166 36, 771, 000 31, 536 $500,000 to $1,000,000 ______55 2, 258, 000 277 11, 161, 000 40, 292 $500,000 to $1,000,000. _____ 55 1, 979, 000 210 9, 060, 000 43, 142 $1,000,000 plus ______29 1, 046, 000 134 9, 525, 000 71, 082 $1,000,000 plus ______19 435, 000 94 12, 046, 000 128, 149

CONCLUSION The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank, intent affect banks whether they are members o! on control and growth at the expense of the Fed system or not. In the murky maze of the tax code, Almarin Phillips, professor of economics "going broke" for the tax-loss farmer the American citizen, now announces and law at the University of Pennsylvania really means making hay. These abuses, that it is increasing its short-term swap and co-author with Robertson, said the re­ which are still unrestrained, create huge agreements with Italy by $1 billion. serve requirements are too inflexible to be tax inequities and serve to distort agri­ Americans still face problems in try­ used as a tool of short-term monetary policy. cultural markets and drive up the cost ing to shore up their financial losses by The Fed contends that as its controls over of the land. These unfair tax rules create private ownership of gold. Last year, the checking accounts shrink, any action it takes an unfair competition for the real farmer. Par Value Modification Act authorized against the remaining bank deposits must be the President, when he determined that more stringent, which encourages more banks The tax laws which encourage the to leave the system. Fed member banks earn false, unreal, deceptive habit of tax it would not have an adverse effect on no money on their reserves, while many state farming must be repealed. We must our international monetary position, to member banks can put their state-set re­ make new efforts in this year's tax delib­ lift the present barriers on private serves into earning assets. erations to repeal these special tax rules. ownership of gold. He said that the Fed has seldom used the Apparently, the President has not reserve requirement in the nearly 40 years it heard from enough inflation-weary has had it in its arsenal. ARCHAIC BAN ON GOLD OWNER­ Americans concerning their right to own Both professors contended that the Fed­ SHIP SHACKLES AMERICANS eral Reserve has presented no evidence to gold to encourage him to use his discre­ support its stand that its ability to set tionary powers to free Americans from monetary policy is eroded because the portion HON. JOHN R. RARICK the shackles of the archaic ban on gold of checking accounts subject to its reserve requirements is declining. OF LOUISIANA ownership. I include the related newsclippings: While 17.2 per cent of checking deposits IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were not subject to Fed controls in 1960, 25.4 [From the Washington Post, Feb. 21, 1974] Monday, February 25, 1974 per cent were not in 1973, according to the NEED FOR FED CONTROL OF RESERVES DISPUTED central bank's own figures. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, as the (By James L. Rowe Jr.) Phillips suggested that the Fed's desire price of gold continues to soar-$147 an A study released yesterday by the Confer­ to subject all banks to its reserve require­ ounce, and silver at $5.50 an ounce, in­ ence of State Bank Supervisors contends that ments comes about not because of any effect dications suggest that many aroused the Federal Reserve Board would not im­ on monetary policy but because a number citizens are fleeing from inflation-rid­ o! banks are leaving the Fed system, non­ prove its conduct of monetary policy if it bank institutions such as savings and loan dled paper money. controlled the amount of reserves a.11 banks associations might soon have accounts resem­ Yet, as many Americans seek protec­ must keep on their checking deposits. bling checking accounts and the Fed is show­ tion of their wealth from excessive taxes Last month, the Fed asked Congress for au­ ing a bureaucratic tendency to want to grow. and Government control, foreign invest­ thority to set uniform reserve requirements for all banks, whether or not those banks are ments in the United States exceeded $3 [From the Washington Post, Feb. 18, 1974) billion last year. members of the Federal Reserve system. The Federal Reserve Ban.king System, It said the volume of checking accounts ITALY BORROWING $1.2 Bn.LION F'ROM IMF seeking to excuse its failures in preserv­ under its control was shrinking and, con­ (By Rona.Id Koen) ing the stability of the U.S. dollar, is sequently, its ability to set monetary policy In the first instance of an expected wave of grasping for more control over checking is being eroded. large-sea.le international borrowing to pay for deposits and all banking institutions. Its Ross M. Robertson, professor of business the increased cost of oil imports, Italy an­ world counterpart, the IMF continues to economics at Indiana. University and coau­ nounced over the weekend that it is seeking a thor of the study, said that the reserve re­ $1.2 billion credit from the International announce low-interest loans to Italy, quirement is not an important tool of eco­ Monetary Fund. Great Britain, Japan and France. Osten­ nomic policy. In Washington, the IMF confirmed that its sibly, this financing is said to be needed "In comparison with the open market op­ director general, H. Johannes Witteveen, had because of increased prices of Middle erations, it pales in comparison," Robertson agreed to recommend approval of the stand­ Eastern oil. Yet it is also noted that this told newsmen. The Fed increases the money by credit. Such approval is considered a for­ new wave of borrowing from the IMF supply by buying government securities on mality. It would be one of the largest credits had been brought about because of the the "open market," thereby increasing bank ever granted by the fund. failure of nationalized industries to meet reserves. Similarly, when it sells these se­ A number of other advanced Western in­ production demands, thus causing seri­ curities, it absorbs funds which banks other­ dustrial countries are expected to get in line ous financial distress in those Social­ wise might lend. behind Italy to seek money to pay the oil ized industries. Robertson said open market operations import bills they have been incurring sin ce 4142 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 the petroleum-exporting states more than ranging upwards of $3 billion-shows strong yet put us on a. gasoline diet-but because quadrupled their prices this autumn. indication of continuing despite the recent the Bureau wants to be prepared just in There is informed speculation that strike­ strengthening of the dollar that now mak..:lS case he does. bound Britain will follow Italy in seeking such investment more costly. We take this as a bad omen. Il the govern­ major international monetary help. This is one of the main conclusions to be ment is printing these things-chances are Japan is also said to be a likely candidate drawn from an analysis by David Bauer, in­ we'll be using them. And as we've said hefore, for international help. The Japanese started ternational economist with the Conference that's not a. good idea. Look, for example, the year with the world's most massive ac­ Board, concerning the increased investment at what happened to the beef supply when cumulation of reserves-nearly $20 billion. interest by foreign companies in the United the Cost of Living Council zeroed in with The Japanese are totally dependent on for­ States. regulations. eign oil imports to fuel their industry, and Bauer's study, covering reported direct Producers stopped cutting, meatpackers their monetary reserves have been whittled investment by foreign companies in the Unit­ stopped shipping, customers bought in a away at a steady pace to pay for them. ed St9.tes for the nine-month period of March panic-and when the freeze was finally Japan is rumored to be getting ready to through November of last year, appears in lifted, the meat counter and the cash register seek a major commercial loan on the Eurodol­ the current issue of the Conference Board went beserk. Only after a time, did the free lar market-the pool of U.S. dollars that cir­ publication, Record. m arket cure the worst of the evlls wrought culates in Europe. There were 129 investments in the peri­ by price control. France recently borrowed $1.5 billion com­ od, on which capital investment information Now we know that the present gasoline mercially to pay for its oil, and the It alians was reported for only 67. The reported total shortage is cre·ating hardships. But the real also have been borrowing commercially. for these was $1.9 billion, but Bauer estimat­ mess comes from the rationing plan now Witteveen recently told his organization's ed that total direct foreign investment during imposed on gasoline whoiesalers and dealers. Committee of 20, a group concerned with in­ the nine-month period could be conservative­ Why add another layer of mess? Why com­ ternational monetary reform, that the IMF ly estimated at $3 blllion. pound the disorganization ny issuing gaso­ should set up a special major new fund to The bulk of this direct foreign investment line rationing coupons? help countries pay for their energy imports in the United States-one of the highest to­ The only effective way we're going to deal during a transitional period while the world tals of recent times-came from Japan, with the crisis is to free the price on oil and adjusts to the present tightness in petroleum Canada, West Germany and Britain. Bauer's oil products. We realize that removal of supplies. article is considered to be the first time that price controls on gas would initially drive up The idea is that the oil-producing countries information on direct foreign investment has the price. But experience has shown us that would lend at least part of their burgeoning been reported in detail. a free market system is the only method surplus to the IMF to help out their clients The Conference Board is a non-profit re­ we can use to cut demand and at the same in the industrialized West. seairch organization. time, stimulate production and encourage The United States has expressed opposition Of the 129 separate investments, Japan new exploration of energy supplies. In other as a "stopgap" which does not deal with the led with 45, followed by Canada with 22, West words, it's the most efficient system we have basic problem of the phenomenal price of oil. Germany with 19 :md Britain with 12. More for allocating our dwindling resources. Iran announced a week ago that it is will­ than two-thirds of the total involved con­ ing to lend "a considerable amount" of its struction of entirely new facilities. Most of surplus income this year to the IMF "at cur­ these represented a first-time bid by foreign RAPID SOLUTIONS TO SHORTAGES rent commercial rates" to help the advanced companies to gain a production in the U.S. countries. The IMF normally lends at nominal market. IN HEATING FUEL interest rates, far lower than commercial Only 18 percent of the new investments by ones. foreign companies involved the take-over or Witteveen is scheduled to be in Tehran acquisition of existing American companies. HON. LESTER L. WOLFF Wednesday to discuss the matter with the Two devaluations of the dollar, combined. OF NEW YORK shah. The Iranians said they would also be with upward revaluations of the Japanese willing to open credits for the World Bank yen, West German mark and other major IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to help the underdeveloped countries, pre­ currencies, unquestionably helped spear the Monday, February 25, 1974 sumably at lower interest rates. World Bank direct industrial investment in the United chief Robert S. McNamara is scheduled to States. Foreign companies could buy relative­ Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, on Feb­ meet with the shah a day after Witteveen. ly more real estate and other assets with cur­ ruary 8, I held an informal hearing in The underdeveloped countries have been rencies that were worth more dollars in 1973. New York on the problems that have harder hit proportionally than the indus­ However, the multinational trend of busi­ developed in the fuel oil industry. The trialized countries by the quadrupled oil ness, the nee l of many companies for closer unprecedented rise in fuel oil prices and prices. But, officials of the oil-producing access to markets as well as increasing world the two-tier price system represent a states point out, organizing international shipping costs, have also been factors in in· grave emergency problem for the inde­ help for them should be easier than for the fiuencing foreign investment in the United industrialized countries, since the underde­ States. pendent fuel oil distributor and. the con­ veloped world consumes only 6 per cent of all sumer. The purpose of the hearing was Among some of the major ventures were a. provide a forum for the exchange of the oil that is exported. $175 million plant in South Carolina. by the to The Italian announcement on Saturday Michelin Tire Co. of France, and a $100 mil­ grievances and ideas and to ascertain night explicitly linked the IMF credit to lion plant in Virginia by the Swedish what immediate steps Government can Italy's problems "in light of the energy automobile company Volvo. take to rectify an already chaotic situa­ crisis." The Italians have been saying for sev­ tion. eral months that they are the most vulner­ With me at the hearing were Repre­ able in Europe because of their almost total DO NOT ADD INSULT TO INJURY sentatives CAREY of New York, BINGHAM, dependenec on imported energy sources. MURPHY of New York, ABZUG, ROSENTHAL, Even Britain is in a better position because, if not for its miners' strike, it can depend on and BIAGGI. Congressmen HELSTOSKI, HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI ADDABBO, and DELANEY were also rep­ its large coal supplies for much of its energy OF n.LINOIS needs. resented at the session. We received Italy had been running serious interna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES testimony from government officials, tional deficits even without the added bur­ Monday, February 25, 1974 den of the energy crisis. Italy's whopping scholars, representatives of all parts of deficit last year was largely masked by heavy Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, as we the fuel oil industry, and members of commercial borrowing in Europe by the Ital­ undertake to resolve, for better or worse, the public. ian nationalized industries. the legislation currently pending on the Because the ideas of the people most The first major monetary crisis of 1973, re• energy conference report, I insert a very involved with energy problems are criti­ suiting in the devaluation of the U.S. dollar timely editorial carried on Radio Station in February, was touched off in the first in­ cal to the developing of a national energy stance by a flight from the Italian lira into 78, WBBM, Chicago, and call to the at­ policy, I would like to share with my Switzerland and West Germany. tention the emphasis of the potential colleagues the informative testimony The U.S. Federal Reserve Bank recently of the free market system to best solve given at the New York hearing. First, I announced that it was increasing its short­ the energy crisis. would like to insert into the RECORD a term swap al'l'angements with Italy by $1 The editorial follows : statement by Dr. Lawrence Rocks and billion. Do NOT ADD INSULT TO INJURY Dr. Richard Runyon, both of whom have Stamps and money. That's what the U.S. (From the Washington Star-News, Feb. 19, been familiar with energy problems for Bureau of Engraving and Printing prints! a long time. In the next few days, I will 1974] At least that's what it usually prints. At the FOREIGN INVESTMENT SURGED IN 1973 moment, the Bureau is concentrating on insert the rest of the testimony into the Last year's sharp upsurge of direct foreign producing gasoline rationing coupons. Not, RECORD. Dr. Rocks and Dr. Runyon teach industrial investment in the United States- mlnd you, because Energy Chief Simon has at c. W. Post College and wrote an excel- February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4143 lent book on the energy crisis. Their fecting an overall savings of about 14 per­ for synthesizing methane gas or gasoline cent of our natural gas budget. This is equiv­ from coal. statement follows: alent to about 500 million barrels of oil an­ We have briefly listed here our suggestions ABSTRACT: RAPID SOLUTIONS TO SHORTAGES nually. Thus, by moving swiftly and dra­ for a national energy policy. We believe that IN HEATING FuEL matically into energy conservation in the this ls inseparable from solving the fuel oil Congress' role in solving the fuel oil short­ space heating sector, we could achieve, with­ problem. Both energy proposals before Con­ age should be that of a catalyst to speed up out capital investment, the equivalent sav­ gress, one from the President and one initi­ those natural economic forces that are spon­ ings of at least 740 million barrels of oil per ated by Senator Jackson, miss the essence oif taneously at work in our economy. Clearly, year. This is more than we presently import the energy crisis: the phase-in time of en­ we can't burn oil we don't have, so the only from the Middle East. ergy sources, and their economics, is what question remaining is whether we will use 2) The heart of our nation's energy con­ counts, not a theoretical speculation about our oil in inefficient devices or efficient de­ servation program should be tax incentives the amount of energy in a source. We feel vices. As oil becomes more expensive, there for the building and purchasing of fuel effi­ that the short run problems are not clearly will be a movement to replace inefficient oil cient systems, especially in the areas of cli­ understood, and the mid-term problems a.re burners with more efficient ones, and to mate control and transportation. The capital erroneously targeted for solution by systems practice conservation in space heating sys­ investment to raise the efficiency of an oil that are really long term and electrical in tems. This natural process must be acceler­ burner, for example, ls just about equal to nature. ated with properly placed tax incentives and one year's worth of fuel cost savings. Attached are two articles which will soon national educational programs that concern Energy conservation has come to mean, appear in our weekly column in the Hearst energy conservation in buildings. We believe for many, a reduced standard of living. Fuel newspapers. The first article illustrates the that the fuel oil shortage situation can be reduction and conservation, though, are two dramatic savings that are possible in the turned around, but not by the strategies different things. Unless we change the ineffi­ area of space heating. These savings were outlined in either the President's energy cient climate control systems and transpor­ made rapidly, employing existing knowledge, proposals or in the rival proposal initiated tation systems, we shall find that the amount and requiring no capital expenditures. The by Senator Henry Jackson. Both of these of synthetic fuels, or natural fuels, required thrust of the second article is that the energy strategies overlook the basic facts concerning in the next several decades is preposterously crisis will force us to alter our ways of think­ energy procurement and deployment possi­ high. ing about energy. In this article, an "absurd.. bllities. 3) Looking down the road some two to four idea is presented. It ls then modified to show Buildings consume about 40 percent of the decades, we see the ultimate need to elec­ how the shortages of gasoline can be "turned nation's total energy budget and about 20 to trify space heating and transportation, at around" in a five year period. 50 percent of this is wasted by inefficient least to a substantial degree. About three­ climate control systems and electrical sys­ quarters of our gas and one-fifth of our oil POST COLLEGE ENGINEERS SAVE 30 tems. There is no other target area in the now ls used for space heating. In the future, PERCENT OF ENERGY energy budget where so much energy is used we shall face the choice of deploying expen­ Energy conservation ls destined to be a and so much wasted with the exception of sive and scarce natural gas and oil for space topic of ever-growing importance. Even when transportation systems. A resolution of the heating or deploying synthetic fuels from Arab oil starts to flow again, and even after energy crisis requires that we solve our short­ coal for this purpose. The first is expensive we get oil from Alaska, we shall find that our term problems while ,we lay the groundwork and unlikely to succeed; the second is energy total energy resources are insufficient to for the larger solutions. The short run goal wasteful. A more logical approach would be meet our expectation for the latter half of should be to estabilsh fuel efficient prac­ to convert coal to producer gas and then this decade. To bring our expectations in tices in existing climate control systems through the combined cycle power plant gen­ line with our inadequate energy production through government encouraged educational erate electricity. Electricity should be used capabilities will require a widely-practiced programs. A concurrent program should be for space heating, but not through resistance ethic of energy conservation. Where can we a tax incentive schedule to encourage the heaters, but rather through the heat pump. conserve and how can we do it? Let us rapid construction and purchase of fuel ef­ The heat pump concept can be used in cli­ analyze an on-going experiment at C. W. ficient climate control systems. These poli­ mate control systems to yield accurately con­ Post College of Long Island University in cies, coming into effect immediately, would trolled climate, and highly efficient energy Greenvale, Long Island. The work is under tldr- us over for several years until supplies transfer. the direction of John P. Agnew and Mal Ryan of fuel oil could be increased from domestic It is remarkable that neither the Presi­ of the Buildings and Grounds Department. sources and from synthetic fuels derived from dent's energy program, nor that of senator The situation at the college ls this: Post coal. The synthetic fuels won't be available Jackson, recognizes the ultimate need to College uses approximately $185,000 per year until the 1980's in meaningful amounts, electrify, at least in part, climate control and for heating and $325,000 per year for elec­ but energy conservation can be effected im­ transportation, although both energy pro­ tricity. The heating ls done primarily by oil. mediately. grams speak of uranium, coal, and other A central power plant provides air heating 1) Large savings in fuel oil can be effected sources of energy which are most readily and air cooling to approximately two-thirds by altering the "respiration" of a build­ expressed as electricity. Furthermore, solar of the entire campus. A few buildings were ing in space heating systems. The respiration power for space heating can be economically selected for energy conservation practices rate at which air is drawn in, heated, cir­ feasible only if buildings are on ·an energy and here is what happened. culated and vented. This rate ls about three conservation mode to start with. As long as Daytime temperatures were lowered from volume changes per hour which is at least our homes and buildings are like sieves which 72 degrees to 68, and at night to about 60 twice as much as is needed. The air flow leak heat in the winter and capture it in the degrees. This resulted in about a 10 percent should be timed to the work load, the people summer, the collecter surfaces required by fuel reduction. Next, the flow of air was re­ load, and schedule of occupancy of the solar heating devices would remain uneco­ tarded throughout the selected buildings. building. This technique a.lone can save nomically large. In addition, solar heat is best This resulted in a saving of an additional about 20 to 30 percent of a building's heat deployed via the electrical heat pump. Hence, 30 percent. needs. No new equipment is needed; it is an the electrification of heating integrates with It is a strange situation, but the air turn­ operational matter that can be phased in im­ genera.I conservation practices, with solar in­ over in most buildings is unnecessarily high. mediately. There are many areas of opera­ put and, with the ultimate need to tap eter­ By historical precedent and by engineering tional practices where large energy savings nal sources of energy which are themselves rule-of-thumb, the air replacement in most can be effected. Altogether, about 20 to 40 harnessed as electricity. buildings ls about three volume changes per percent of a building's fuel needs can be hour. This is over ten times what ls needed 4) For the short run we need energy con­ for oxygen replacement. In fact, if buildings eliminated by changes in maintenance pro­ servation with education and tax incentives cedures a.Ione. Since 20 percent of our oil had odor removal systems, the air freshness accelerating processes that are inevitable. would appear acceptable at very low turnover budget ls accounted for by space heating, we For the long run we need the electriftcation have a potential immediate saving, in build­ rates. As cold air ls drawn in, It must be of the economy. For the mid-term run we heated. Here ls the heart of the energy waste. ings alone, of 4 to 8 percent of our total oil need synthetic fuels from coal. We believe budget (24Q-480 million barrels of oil an­ A building needs a "respiration" rate that that our present synthetic fuel program ls ls timed to its occupants and their work nually). A national effort to further research, too slow in coming and misses some tech­ schedule. Hence, by restricting the air flow and education, in the area of climate con­ nological points. The most feasible way to and timing it to the people-load, Post Col­ trol systems ls urgently needed. The costs use coal is to produce electricity; next to lege saved some 40 percent of its oil bill of such a program would be several million manufacture "producer gas". The producer in the targeted buildings. The principle of dollars, but the savings would be a thousand gas can be used to generate electricity and to climate control that ls illustrated here is times greater. Moreover about 70 percent of make methyl fuel. Methyl fuel is underrated known in the trade as the "mass transit of natural gas goes into space heating. Since in our present scheme of synthetic fuels. air" for a building. natural gas ls on an interruptable basis for Methyl alcohol can be added to gasoline-it Post's Library uses air conditioning and many segments of the economy, number 2 will raise the octane rating and permit lead heating throughout the entire year. It strikes heating oil must be substituted for gas when to be ta.ken out. Methyl alcohol can be added some people as odd to hear that a building the latter ls not available. Thus, the gas to heating oil-it will permit the oil burner uses air conditioning in the winter and heat shortage contributes significantly to our to operate more efficiently due to the lessen­ in the summer. This is precisely true. Most heating oil shortage. Conservation measures ing of soot formation. Most startling, the modern office buildings require air condi­ described above could reduce natural gas con­ technology to produce methyl alcohol from tioning in the central power plant to with­ sumption in space heating by 20 percent, ef- coal ls well understood; this is not the case draw excess heat derived from lights, people, 4144 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February ~ · s, 1974 omce equipment and the absorption of sun· presently uaes a.bout 30 percent of all petro­ tion of .air pollution emissions standards light by the peripheral rooms. In the sum­ leum. By magically doubling the efficiency of and for accelerated . construction of mer, hot air is drawn 1n and chilled to about all cars on the road, we would save 15 percent 55 degrees to get the excess moisture out. of our annual oil consumption. This savings atomic powerplants. Then it 1s reheated to about 72 degrees. would amount to about 1 billion barrels o! Relaxation of environmental protec­ Without the chill-reheat step, the alr con­ on per year. More than we import from the tion measures is a shortrun expedient ditioned air would be too humid. Unfortu­ Middle East. Better than finding a Prudhoe that will create even greater problems nately, the over-chlll and re-heat cycles are Bay and obtaining its oil perpetually I and may ultimately threaten the survival not coupled in most buildings. Climate con­ Suddenly the idea did not seem so pre­ of humanity. trol technology developed over de.cades when posterous. The American public is already Dr. C. M. Woodwell, senior scientist in energy was plentiful; there never was a need moving toward the goal of energy efficient to consider these factors before. automobiles. About 50 percent of new car the Department of Biology, Brookhaven What Agnew and Ryan did in the library purchases are for the compact and subcom­ National Laboratory, writes succinctly was to tum off the air cooling system, and pact models. At the present rate, however, it of the problems created by reckless at­ regulate the heat to below 68 degrees so that might be fifteen or twenty years before these tempts to resolve the energy stortage· lights and people would not create excessive cars wm dominate the automobile popula­ His letter, published in the February 1, · heat. Further, they lowered the lighting lev­ tion. This is much too slow a rate to head 1974 issue of Science, notes that the most els from 110 foot candles to about 65. The off the onrushing energy crisis. essential energy resource is solar energy recommended lighting levels from the New But what about accelerating a process captured by plants through photosynthe­ York State University run about 40 to 50. that is already ta.king place? Imagine that In other words, the library was over-lit. Most Congress were to enact legislation to en­ sis. Yet humankind often misuses energy buildings a.re over-lit. In fact, for every two courage the removal of energy-wasteful cars sources such as forests and oceanic fish­ excessive watts of lighting, a building needs from the road. At firs~ the target could be eries. one excessive watt of cooling. The practice standard or larger sized cars five years or Oceanic fishing provides our primary of lowering light levels saved about 30 per­ older. Such cars a.re typically out-of-tune, access to the energy produced by ocean cent of the electric requirements in the ex­ have faulty valves, and contribute more than plants, yet we are threatening the yields perimental buildings. their share to air pollution. Congress could by dumping into the seas, sewage, indus­ Notice that these changes required no cap­ guarantee low-cost loans or provide tax in­ centives to owners wishing to exchange these trial chemicals, reactor cooling water and ital outlays. The savings were effected by radioactive wastes. We have indiscrim­ changing engineering practices alone. Agnew cars for energy-efficient automobiles. The and Ryan feel that if Post installed inte­ old cars would be destroyed and recycled. inately drilled offshore oil wells and are grated chill-reheat equipment and heat re­ Congress could provide a statutory deduc­ over-harvesting the oceans. Decreased covery units in the power plant's stack ex­ tion of, say, $1,000 for automobile ownera yields from these fisheries are extremely haust, then they could save upwards of 50 who make this choice. For those whose in­ costly. We are losing a renewable re­ to 70 percent of the fuel budget. Energy con­ come is too low to benefl t from this provision, source and harming the entire biota. servation for buildings 1s certainly techno­ low cost loans could be made available. It will be argued that such a plan, if fully As Dr. Woodwell notes, if we are really logically feasible and meaningful for our na­ interested in protecting humankind we tional energy budget. implemented, would seriously undermine Now for the bad news. Post College didn't the tax income of the federal government. To. must preserve the biota. This means pro­ lllustrate. if all one hundred million cars tecting the air and water; Congress will save money. Even though we saved fuel, the were to turn over in five years, and every­ fuel bills went up. Back in 1972 Post pa.id not be doing· this by relaxing environ­ one took advantage of the statutory tax mental protection regulations. 13 cents per gallon for number 2 heating provision the loss of tax dollars would appear oil; now it's 22.5 cents. Back in 1972 Post to be about twenty b1llion dollars annually. Dr. Woodwell's letter to the editor of paid 55 cents per 1,000 cubic feet of gas. Countered against this argument is the fact Science magazine follows: now it's 76 cents. The cost per kilowatt hour that corporate profits in the automobile in• BIOTIC ENERGY FLOWS of electricity went up 15 percent, reflecting dustry would go up, as wou1d corporate taxes. a "base rate" increase and a fuel adjust­ Important aspects of the energy shortage Further, unless we solve the energy crisis. are being ignored in both science and gov­ ment factor for the higher costs of on that unemployment is sure to rise abruptly. Un­ fires the power plant of Post's utility. ernment. We tend to forget that most of the employed individuals do not pay taxes. In­ energy used by man is solar energy that has In short, Post saved fuel but not dollars. deed they are a tax drain, since they receive Without energy conservation, climate con­ been fixed recently through photosynthesis. unemployment benefits followed by welfare This energy provides food, fuel, fibers, and trol costs will go out of sight. As a very gen­ payments. Taken in conjunction with the eral rule-of-thumb, it costs about one dollar services that a.re essential for a habitable dollar drain resulting from continued im­ environment. Although the total amount of per square foot per year to climate control ports of Middle East oil, we suspect that the average large building. Fuel costs a.re energy available as net primary production the federal income would not be adversely through this route has been estimated as 20 going up. In terms of costs, you've got to affected. Certainly, the proposal warrants conserve like crazy in order to stand still. times the a.mount of energy in current use further study since it would solve the short­ from fossil fuels, nuclear power, and hydro­ term energy crisis. power, these flows of energy from the sun A WAY OUT-CALCULATED DESTRUCTION OF THE On the other hand, the benefits of such are being reduced.1 When the complex polit­ AUTO an action by Congress would be enormous. ical, social, and economic systems of indus­ By following a perfectly absurd idea to its Within five year~. virtually all cars on the trialized nations falter, as they appear to be logical conclusion, one may occasion.ally be road would be energy emcient. We would not doing at the moment, we turn immediately led into a profound revelation. We did this need to import oil from the Middle East. The to biotic resources that are close to us. We recently, with startling results. air would be cleaner. The lagging automobile substitute fish for beef, wood for fuel. It all started when we puzzled over Presi­ industry would receive a shot in the arm. Mounting world food shortages are contrib­ dent Nixon's time schedule to achieve energy Gasoline rationing would be unnecessary. Recreational activities would be revived. As a uting to the pressures on these resources. independence. By all that's reasonable and Shortages of both oil and food will get worse: holy, there is no way to achieve Project Inde­ final bonus, we would save energy in the worldwide demand is soaring, and supplies pendence by the year 1980. We know it; the manufacture of cars, since small cars require are limited. Reckless efforts to "solve" an energy experts know it; and surely the Presi­ less energy to produce. energy problem that is unsolvable in the cur­ dent knows it. So, why did President Nixon Perhaps the President's desire to achieve rent context of growth threaten to speed set an impossible goal? energy independence by 1980 is not as ludi­ destruction of renewable resources. Acid We all know that it is far better to set crous as it first appeared. rains are a good example. Relaxation of air reasonable goals. To do otherwise is to invite pollution standards for sulfur will result in frustration, disappointment, and despair. But continuation of the trend of rising acidity in 1s this always the case? Sometimes setting THE ENERGY CRISIS AND ENVffiON­ rain in the Northeast. There is little doubt impossible goals forces us to depart from MENTAL DEGRADATION that a decade or more of precipitation with traditional ways of thinking, with all their a pH of between 3.0 and 4.2 will reduce the built-in traps that say "no", and ca.use the net production of forests and agriculture. A mind oo take wild but productive flights into HON. DONALD M. FRASER 10 percent loss of net production in the New uncharted regions. OF MINNESOTA England states would be the equivalent of This is precisely what we tried. We asked IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the power output of 15 1000-megawatt re­ ourselves, "If a magic genie floated out of. actors. Would the people of New England our gasoline tank and granted us one wish to Monday, February 25, 1974 reduce energy demand, what would we ask Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, in .the 1 for?" The answer was clear, "Demolish this R. H. Whittaker and G. E. Likens, in night all gas-guzzling cars on the road and midst of the energy crisis, as gasoline Carbon and the Biosphere, G. M. Woodwell replace them tomorrow with automobiles station lines have lengthened and build­ and E. V. Pecan, Eds. (U.S. Atomic Energy that obtain twice the miles per gallon ot ing temperatures have gone down, there Commission, Oak: Ridge, Tenn. 1973) pp. 281- present cars." Truly an absurd thought! has been the demand that Congress re­ 300; G. M. Woodwell, Science 168, 429 ( 1970): But then the arithmetic of the situation verse progress made in protecting the en­ Sci. A'111.. 223, 64 (Sept. 1970); BioScience, in took possession of our minds. The automobile vironment. .Many have called for relaxa- press. February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4145 agree to supply such a subsidy to the rest of industry is how to dispose of the spent land. The public must participate in this the country if they had a choice? shale. Oil shale, when processed, expands decision. The lands under discussion are There is no simple technical or socla.l solu­ in volume. Obviously, not all of what re­ federal lands, belonging to a.11 the people; tion to the shortage of energy. Growth 1D the question of its proper use must in all energy consumption in the pattern of past mains can simply be put back where it fairness be a question that is resolved in an yea.rs is over for the present. In addition, came from. There has yet to be developed open and public dlcussion. biotic flows of energy are now being lost, an environmentally sound answer to Mr. Speaker, we are all acutely aware of often irreversibly; the biota ls being mined. what to do with the excess spent shale. the need for new energy sources. My home Environmental problems are not simply those It was therefore very distressing to state of Colorado was one of the first to feel of adjusting techniques of energy produc­ learn that the Department of Interior the effects of the ener.gy shortage, and the tion to reduce intrusions on the environ­ has announced that the joint leasehold­ people there share with the rest of the coun­ ment; they also include the preservation of ers of the first 5,100-acre tract in Colo­ try the desire to pursue every promise of the flows of energy-including food, mate­ new energy supply. But the people of Colo­ rials, and services-through the biota to rado--Standard Oil of Indiana and Gulf rado are also very aware that the environ­ man. The shortage of fossil fuels presents a Oil Corp.-have reported they will need ment is a very precious resource itself. Na­ challenge to technologists to find more em­ 5,800 more acres of public lands outside ture, once despoiled, can rarely be returned cient ways of exploiting biotic energy flows the leased area to complete their opera­ to its natural beauty and harmony. on a renewable basis. The problem warrants, tions. They will, I understand, apply for The prototype oil shale leasing program but does not have, major consideration 1n special permits to use this additional as originally designed seems to meet these the President's energy program. Facilities land for resevoirs and to dump debris. dual concerns. It holds forth the promise comparable to those of a major national This seems to me contradict the that both the Nation as a whole and the laboratory should be devoted to the prob­ to States which host these programs may ulti­ lems generated by the worldwide spread of original intent of Interior's program, mately benefit from the program. The legis­ biotic impoverishment that ls caused in large which was to determine whether the pro­ lation I have introduced ls designed to pre­ degree by current rates of exploitation ot duction of crude oil from oil shale is f ea­ vent a breach of that promise. nonrenewable energy sources. sible, both in economic and environment­ G. M. WOODWELL. al terms. Permitting the leaseholders ad­ ditional land on which to dump the spent FEDERAL SALARIES shale seems to me to ignore one of the THE OIL SHALE DUMPING AND central problems the program was de­ DAMAGES ACT signed to meet: how best to dispose of the HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI spent shale. Surely the answer is not OF ILLINOIS HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER to simply dump it elsewhere. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF COLORADO My colleague, Mr. VANIK, of Ohio, re­ Monday, February 25, 1974 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cently asked the Comptroller General for Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, in my his opinion of the basic authority which Monday, February 25, 1974 judgment, WGN Continental Broadcast­ the Department of Interior claims for ing Co. in Chicago, carried a very inter­ Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I this extra allotment of land. Indeed, the esting editorial in its broadcast of Febru­ have introduced legislation-H.R.12923- Comptroller's answer as reprinted in the ary 12, which I will insert at the conclu­ to prohibit the dumping of spent oil shale CONGRESSIONAL RECORD on February 4, sion of my remarks. It is a very practical upon Federal lands other than those 1974-page 2051-raises questions as to analysis of the pending Federal salary lands specifically leased by the Depart­ whether the Department has such au­ increase recommended by the President. ment of the Interior for oil shale develop­ thority. Yet the plan is continuing and Hopefully, by the end of this week ment under the prototype leasing pro­ this land is being set aside. some action will be taken by the House gram. The bill provides that triple The bill I have introduced is designed and Senate subcommittees to expedite damages can be recovered from the leasee to meet this problem head on by declar­ consideration of this matter. if such dumping occurs. ing it illegal to dump spent shale on land Therefore it is to be especially noted The Federal lands being leased by the other than that leased under the original that salary increase applies to some up­ Department of the Interior for the pro­ prototype leasing program. Any person per echelon, bureaucrats, Federal judges, totype oil shale program belong to all doing so will lose his lease. It provides and executive branch officials and Mem­ people of this Nation, but the lands of further for triple damages from the les­ bers of Congress. three States, Colorado, Wyoming and see in the event such dumping occurs. The editorial follows: Utah, are those which will be specifically The excess of damages recovered over [WGN Editorial No. 74--041, Feb. 12, 1974) affected by this program. The entire those used to repair the land will be country, of course, will benefit from this applied to the Land and Water Conser­ FEDERAL SALARIES experimental program if it produces the Members of Congress felt awkward from vation Fund. time to time, when they voted on bills to technology through which we can obtain I am hopeful this legislation will pre­ increase federal salaries, particularly their the oil found in the oil shale deposits at vent the Department of Interior from own salaries. But, since Congressmen have reasonable costs. However, it must be using the back door in this situation, bllls to pay, like the rest of us, they know recognized that it is the people of the without first submitting to the full and about inflation, like the rest of us. And, from three States involved who will pay the open scrutiny of congressional hearings. time to time, like the rest of us, they have direct environmental and social costs. The question here is a basic one: How wanted a salary increase. Mr. Speaker, we all recognize the need much authority does the Department of The question was, how to get a raise in to develop new energy sources. The pay without the embarrassment of going on Interior have with respect to the disposal record to vote for one. That they solved a "energy crisis" has, in a few short of Federal lands? As noted above, the little while back. They put the burden on months, increased everyone's awareness Comptroller General questioned whether the President, and in such a way as to make that our sources are limited, and that we the Department has the right under cur­ it almost impossible for him to propose salary must-and can-do better. Th.a Federal rent law to grant the use of more acreage increases for other federal employees with­ Government must play a major role in than was originally leased. In fact, even out including raises for Senators and Repre­ helping develop these new sources. We the Department of Interior seems to sentatives. are committed to this idea, as we dem­ have the same question, for it has a pro­ It works this way: The President submits onstrated recently by the passage of the posal, H.R. 5442, which would add the his salary recommendations for the top level Solar Heating and Cooling Demonstra­ of federal employees, about ten thousand necessary authority. , people, from Supreme Court Justices and tion Act. The Department of the In­ H.R. 5442 is now before the Mines and Cabinet members, to high-ranking political terrior's prototype oil shale program is Mining Subcommittee of the House Interior employees and career officers. In this case, also a recognition that the Federal Gov­ and Insular Affairs Committee. Hearings on the recommendation is seven and one half ernment must play a major role in pur­ this b11l, I understand, are in the works. per cent. Pay scales for a large number of suing new energy sources, but the tech­ It is here, in the congressional forum, that civilian employees are geared to what their nology for processing oil shale is in its the larger question of how much land should superiors earn. To keep the federal payroll infancy, with many problems yet to be be used for the oil shale program must be from becoming a political football ... and resolved, and I hope that the legislation I to save Congressmen from having to vote on solved. It is the intent of the Department have introduced will force a full examination pay hikes . . . the proposals take effect in 30 of the Interior's program to allow the of that question. If the Department of Inte­ days . . . unless Congress acts to disapprove industry itself to find solutions. rior feels that present technology warrants them. Congress has another option . . . re­ One of the most important problems an additional 5,800 acres, it must make this ducing the requested increases. that has to be addressed by the oil shale case before proceeding to lease the additional Members of the House and Senate are paid 4146 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 $42,500 a year. Much can be said !or pay­ meeting to report on government. efforts local governmental agencies to see it effec­ ing our public officials salaries comparable and to hear problems voiced by constit­ tive energy sav1n·g legtslation can be enacted to what they could earn in private business locally," Allen said. • • . what they should earn ln carrying out uents. Every legislators' mail on energy-re­ Wayne Powell, publisher-editor of The heavy responslbllltiea. And, the point can be Press said, "We think it leaders from through­ made that these top 10,000 have received no lated problems has increased dramati­ out the community can sit down together, increase since 1969. cally and mine is no exception. Second we can make a more sincere effort to cope The 5.5 per cent pay hike guideline hasn't District residents have encountered such with this crisis." He added, "Things done on had much eJiect on curbing inflation, and a wide range of difficulties that I had a piecemeal basis are never as successful as President Nixon ta letting it expire in about a special hotline telephone installed in coordinated efforts and hopefully next ten weeks. However, Congress, by voting it.. Wednesday's meeting Will allow the com­ self and the rest of the federal establish­ my Ann Arbor office with the number 761-FUEL to handle the cases~ I am munity to get together to find some real ment a smaller increase, might set an ex­ workable ways to soften the effects of this ample of restraint for the rest of the country. hopeful this will speed up action on in­ crlsia." dividual cases and help cut the red tape Allen pointed out the purpose of the meet­ that has resulted from the bureaucracy ing wlll not be to discuss whether there 1s an ENERGY CRISIS surrounding the Federa.il Energy Office. energy crisis. Regretfully, we have too often not re­ "We're taking tor granted this thing ex­ ceived the expeditious action these prob­ ists and that it's going to hurt for a. long HON. MARVIN L. ESCH lems deserve. time. With that as a basis we'll want to get ·oF MICHIGAN While Operation E-CON committees right down to work." Allen said. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES were busy working on problem-solving, Powell said the energy-savings meeting will only be one aspect of the newspaper's at­ Monday, February 25, 1974 the Press began a column titled "Bright tempt s to make people aware of the energy Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, the painful Ideas" which provided daily consumer crisis. dilemmas caused by the energy crisis hints nn how area residents could con­ "We've already significantly cut our energy have come as a genuine shock to a na­ serve energy. The newspaper also offered use at the newspaper plant and we a.re also free classified advertising space to per­ planning several promotional campaigns to tion that has done little, until very re­ make people aware of the necessity to tighten cently, to discourage high consumption sons interested in forming a carpooL Stickers were printed and given wide dis­ our energy belts," he said. and waste. The search for scapegoats is Powell also announced plans to offer free intensifying with the environmental tribution which declared "We Support classified advertisements to. anyone who movement as well as industry likely Operation E-CON Energy Conservation." wants to join a car pool. candidates for punitive action. However, No one can fully assess the results of "We think it would be a serious mistake I am confident that in the long run na­ such a community oriented effort to con­ to underestimate the potential effects of this tional energy plans will evolve to provide serve energy, but certainly the impact crisis and we want to do everything we can must be substantial. While some warn to help the community and the country us with a political and economic environ­ weather the problems a 1ack of energy ls ment that will encourage energy con­ emotionally of riots in the streets because bound to bring." servation and development of new of fuel shortages, the people of my dis­ resources. trict are meeting the problems head on LEGISLATORS TO SPEAK AT PUBLIC E-CON Difficult times lie ahead and perhaps with a rational approach I believe can MEET the most demanding single step will be serve as a model for many communities. Operation E-CON ls going public, and local for all of us to realize energy shortages To help my colleagues in understanding legislators are going along. are going to be with us for a long time. how Operation E-CON works, I insert Operation E-CON Chairman Rene Hauser That means we must continue to make three articles dated December 4, 1973, announced plans today for an energy brain­ February 1, 1974, and February 9, 1974 storming session between the public and lo­ sacrifices and work together to adapt to cal. legislators. The session ls set for 7:30 a new way of living in which we are no from the Press at this point in the p.m. Friday, Feb. 8. longer oblivious to waste. Citizen involve­ RECORD: Hauser said U.S. Rep. Marvin Esch, R .. ment is an old concept, but I would like ENERGY MEETING PLANNED Mich., state Sen. Gilbert Bursley, R-Ann Ar· to point out to my colleagues that it is The Ypsilanti Area Jaycees and The Press bor, state Rep. Gary Owen, D-Ypsilantl, paying real dividends in my district today jointly announced plans for an "a.c· Ypsilanti Mayor George Goodman and Ypsi­ where energy-conscious individuals have tion-orlented, problem-solving local organi­ lanti Townshdp Supervisor William Gagnon zation to battle the effects of the energy wlll participate in the forum. initiated some very beneficial programs. crisis in the Golden Triangle." "We plan to al.low each of the five law­ For example, citizens in the Ypsilanti­ The cooperative effort between The Press makers to explain what their speciflc govern­ Belleville-Saline area have launched an and the Jaycees will kick off Wednesday, Dec. ment ls doing to cope with the energy crlsls "action-oriented, problem-solving local 12, with a meeting of all governmental lead­ and then the five will submit to questions organization to battle the effects of the ers, service club officials, labor and business and suggestions from the public," Hauser energy crisis." Sponsored by the Press leaders. The meeting ls set for 7:30 p.m. at said. in Ypsilanti, an award-winning daily Cleary College Auditorium. Hauser, who ls an assistant vice-president newspaper, and the Ypsilanti Jaycees, At that meeting, people in attendance will for business and finance ht Ea.stern Michl .. divide into five areas of concern and map out gan University, said the Operation E-CON the program called Operation E-CON a strategy for coping with the energy prob­ session will be the first opportunity Golden has spurred intensive community interest lems we're going to be facing in the upcom­ Triangle residents have had to face their in energy conservation and positive gov­ ing months. lawmakers with the practical problems of ernment steps to help cope with fuel The five areas Will include autos, commer­ the energy crisis. shortages. cial, residences, safety and legislative. Per­ "When The Press and the Ypsilanti area. As an indication of the public interest sons a.re to choose the areas in which they Jaycees first originated Operation E-Con, in Operation E-CON, some 70 local resi­ have particular interest of expertise. they hoped to provide forums in which the Gary Allen, chairman of the project for publlc could become more aware o! the prob­ dents turned out for the first public the Jaycees, stressed that neither the Jay­ lems of the energy crisis and learn to live meeting last December. Committees were cees nor The Press plan on being solely re­ better with those problems," Hauser said. set up to draw on the expertise of a broad sponsible tor problem-solving efforts. "We feel this public opportunity to probe cross-section of citizens. Potential solu­ "We just want to start the ball rolling and possible legislative solutions to the problem tions were discussed and special prob­ if people are really concerned they'll actively will provide valuable input not only to the lems examined. The residential commit­ figure out solutions to the various aspects of Golden Triangle residents who attend the tee headed by a hospital administrator this problem," Allen sald .."Once the five com­ session but to the lawmakers as well." concluded that homeowners needed help mittees are formed they'll be on their own Hauser indicated that if the legdslatlve ses­ working toward an area-wide solution to the sion ls greeted well by the public, similar in understanding how best to conserve problem. forums will be held in the four other Opera­ energy. Steps were undertaken to convey "We visualize the auto committee advising tion E-CON sub-areas, automotive, safety, the ways homeowners could cut down on motorists how to cut down on gas usage and residential and commercdal. their energy bills while conserving fuel. we picture the commercial committee helping The Ypsilanti Jaycees and The Press The chamber of commerce got to work businessmen keep energy consumption at a started Operation E-CON 1n early December. on ways businesses could save energy minimum without affecting jobs or produc­ Since then a daily Press feature called Bright and a legislative committee researched tion. The residence committee wlll hopefully Ideas has been designed by the E-CON Resi­ laws and contacted State and local rep­ do the sam~ for homeowners and the safety dential Committee and The Press, and the committee will make sure that any of these commercial sub-committee has begun efforts resentatives. Somewhat later, elected of­ energy-saving measures don't lead to in­ to educate businesses how to cope properly ficials were invited under the sponsor­ tolerable safety conditions in the area. The With the energy-related problems. ship of Operation E-CON to a public legislative croup wlll hopefully :work with Press Editor-Publisher Wayne Powell and February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4147 Jaycees President Herbert Mcintosh have ex­ would enhance the ability of America's As Newsweek recently described him, Lord pressed pleasure that Operation E-CON is launching counterforce strikes against is Kissinger's "valued aide, intellectual com­ making such progress. Soviet ICBM's. rade-in-arms and personal friend. He has "We're really hoping the public gets in­ been a Kissinger braintruster for nearly five volved with this legdslative forum because While the record of Soviet military ex­ years: as special assistant, he accompanied the chairmen of Operation E-CON, particu­ pansion is clear, there are several dis­ his boss six times to China, four times to the larly Rene Hauser, are doing .a great job in armament theorists who still think that Soviet Union, and some 25 times to the Paris helping people to cope with this most serious the United States must continually re­ peace talks with the North Vietnamese. If problem,'' Powell said. assure the Soviet Union that we have no anyone in the State Department can be called aggressive intentions. For some reason 'Kissinger's Kissinger,' it is Winston Lord." OFFICIALS EXPLAIN ENERGY MOVES these same theorists seem to ignore the When Kissinger appointed the 36-year-old Some 50 persons turned out to hear local reality that it should be the Soviet Union Lord to run the department's think-tank elected officials explain how they're dealing giving some evidence of a lack of aggres­ operation, Kissinger told Lord that the plan­ with the energy crisis at a legislative forum ning staff would play a "principal role" in sponsored by Operation E-CON at Cleary Col­ sive intentions and not vice versa. shaping policy options for the secretary of lege Auditorium. At this point I include in the RECORD state. U.S. Rep. Marvin Esch, R-Ann Arbor, State two articles entitled "Kissinger's New In his effort to shape Kissinger's options Sen. Gilbert Bursley, R. Ann Arbor, State Disarmament Expert" from the Febru­ on nuclear matters, Lord has brought on Rep. Gary Owen, D-Ypsilanti, Ypsilanti ary 16, 1974 issue of Human Events and board the PCS Jerome Kahan, a former Mayor George Goodman and Ypsilanti Town­ "The Pentagon's Nitze: An Uncertain staffer with the Arms Control and Disarma­ ship Supervisor William Gagnon and County Trumpet" from the February 23, 1974 ment Agency who for the past five years has Comr. Kathleen Fotjik, D-Ann Arbor, all dis­ issue of Human Events: been writing on strategic nuclear doctrine cussed various aspects of the energy crisis. for the liberal Brookings Institution. Ka.ha.n's All the officials admitted the realities of KlsSINGER'S NEW DISARMAMENT EXPERT own writings plus what he says to friends and the energy crisis, but some, most notably Ms. Supporters of a strong national defense acquaintances clearly mark him as an out­ Fotjik, questioned the suddenness of the posture were moderately pleased with the right dove. Indeed, Kahan's move from crisis. unveiling of the Nixon Administration's Brookings t o the PCS has brought open hand­ Esch explained part of the reason for the $85.8-billion military budget, more than $6 wringing from Pentagon officials, who are "surprise" has been the "inadequate infor­ billion over the sums to be spent in fiscal now certain that Kissinger, bolstered by such mation gathering system we've had for years 1974. Pressing the argument for the budget disarmament theoreticians as Kahan, is on energy related materials." Esch said hike before the Senate Armed Services Com­ determined to undermine the military at steps are now being taken to improve that mittee last week, tough-minded Defense Sec­ SALT II. information gathering process. retary James R. Schlesinger stressed he of­ While Kahan might not subscribe to the Esch and Goodman pointed out that the fered "no apologies" for its size. In real terms, description, his own writings project an ex­ lifestyles of the Americans a.re going to have he added, it means "no more than holding treme fear that the United States might to change if they are going to cope with the our own," for the greater part of the in­ take some action to protect itself that would crisis and sufficiently conserve energy. crease is consumed by pay and price hikes. provoke the Soviets into mounting a fresh, The group of legislators admitted one of The Nixon-Schlesinger budget, however, is nuclear arms race. Kahan seems especially their biggest challenges is to relate local welcomed by hawkish lawmakers for some of worried, for instance, that American policy­ problems to the national scene. Esch said he the new initiatives and increases in certain makers might deploy too many defensive will increase his efforts to handle the prob­ critical categories. For instance, the budget weapons, thus irritating top Soviet strate­ lems which Goodman or Gagnon may meet provides funds for improving missile accu­ gists. Moreover, Kahan appears to have few on the local level. racy, the acceleration of an advanced nuclear worries regarding Soviet provocations, in­ Owen and Bursley contended the state leg­ submarine (the Trident), the speed-up in cluding Russia's massive buildup of offensive islature has successfully avoided partisanship construction of the B-1 bomber and the more weapons, even since SALT I. on energy issues and cited the almost unani­ rapid development of strategic cruise missiles The types of options on defense that mous vote in the state house on the Daylight that can be fired from either submarines or Kahan might develop for Kissinger were out­ Saving Time issue Friday. aircraft. Moreover, it revitalizes our Navy in lined at a conference on foreign policy on Charles "Tony" Duerr legislative sub-com­ two ways: by continuing to build necessary Oct. 23, 1972, sponsored by Pepperdine Uni­ mittee chairman of Operation E-CON co­ nuclear and conventional aircraft carriers versity. Kahan submitted a discussion power chaired the meeting with Operation E-CON and by constructing SUlaller and more effi­ for the conference in which the central em­ Chairman Rene Hauser. cient "mini-carriers." phasis focused on the need to restrain the Operation E-CON was originated by The So pleased was Sen. Jim Buckley (C.-R.­ impulse of U.S. officials to counter the Soviet Press and the Ypsilanti Area Jaycees. N.Y.), a defense hawk, with the Nixon budget military threat. that he was preparing to deliver a speech The U.S., advised Kahan, should reject ef­ this week claiming that President Nixon had forts to modify the SALT agreements to per­ DISTURBING TRENDS IN SALT II "presented a defense budget that is a very mit a nationwide system of anti-ballistic welcome sight to those of us in the Senate missiles. In addition, America. should "eschew who feared that the euphoria surrounding offensive weapons programs, such as war­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK the alleged detente between the United head. accuracy and yield improvements," OF OHIO States and the Soviet Union might well have which would provide its land or sea-based caused our leadership to dangerously cut missiles with the capacity to launch coun­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES back in areas of defense spending." ter-force strikes aga~nst Soviet ICBMs. (The Monday, February 25, 1974 While the military budget refiects a cer­ fact that the Soviets have the capacity to tain hard realism, however, there is still strike our ICBMs doesn't appear to worry Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, nego­ mounting concern that the new initiatives Kahan too much.) tiations are continuing on strategic arms and weaponry outlined by Schlesinger last "In fact," Kahan went on, "consistent with limitations with the Soviet Union­ week are nothing but "bargaining chips," all the proposition that all nuclear defenses are SALT II. It is generally conceded that to be sacrificed in the second round of the potentially destabilizing, the U.S. should also the SALT I agreement resulted in a de­ Strategic Arms Limitation Talks at Geneva. avoid initiating massive anti-submarine war­ cidedly disadvantageous position for the From a variety of reliable sources within fare deployment efforts . . . and should re­ defense and diplomatic circles, it is repeat­ duce rather than increase its air-defense net­ United States. Unfortunately, there is a edly heard that the United States, with work." growing belief that this damage to Amer­ Henry Kissinger as the master, behind-the­ While the absence of U.S. ABMs should al­ ican national security may be com­ scenes negotiator, is prepared to conclude an leviate any Kremlin fear that the U.S. might pounded in future agreements that may offensive treaty with the Soviet Union that embark on a first-strike strategy, said Kahan, be reached from SALT II or while the will leave this country forever inferior to the the "combination of American missile coun­ President is in Moscow in June. USSR in strategic nuclear weaponry. Sen. terforce, ASW and air-defense efforts would One recent appointment to the State Henry Jackson (D-Wash.), for instance, who create a serious threat to the USSR's deter­ Department's Planning and Coordina­ · raised a furor about the outcome of SALT I, rent within the next decade." is said to be especially concerned with the "On a broader level," Kahan maintained, tion Staff-the State Department's think course Kissinger is taking in directing Amer­ tank operation that under Dr. Kissinger "U.S. leaders should recognize that programs ican disarmament policy. which they consider to be stabilizing, such as has become increasingly influential-has Kissinger is not only a "soft-liner" him­ concerned advocates of a strong national self, argue knowledgeable Pentagon officials, new submarines or bombers, might well trig­ defense. This is the appointment of Je­ but he is bringing into the State Department ger Soviet reactions based on Moscow's polit­ rome Kahan, a former staff member of a number of dovish theoreticians. What par­ ical attitudes or psychological outlooks. Even the Arms Control and Disarmament ticularly alarms some department observers if certain U.S. weapons, such as Trident or is the increasing infiuence Kissinger is be­ the B- 1, might not pose a direct threat to Agency. Kahan has written that the stowing upon the Planning and Coordination the USSR's retaliatory capability, premature United States should "eschew offensive Staff. The staff's director, Winston Lord, a deployment of any major strategic systems weapons programs, such as warhead ac­ long-time Kissinger intimate, is considered could stimulate a Soviet reaction for political curacy and yield improvement" which a devout dove. 'force-matching' reasons, particularly if the ~148 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 Kremlin came to believe that the U.S. was apprehension" among the Communist rulers. · "(a) That we and our allies will assume moving toward some form of superiority." The clear implication of that argument, of continuing responsibility for manning, main­ Scattered through Kahan's writings are a course, was that America should relieve Soviet taining and improving these systems. myriad of don'ts for U.S. policy-makers in fears by abandoning our overseas missile "(b) That U.N. inspectors would be in­ the next phase of SALT. Kahan even goes bases. vited to inspect and satisfy themselves that so far as to suggest that U.S. leaders Furthermore, the panel urged the United these are the only nuclear systems we are shouldn't take "high confidence" measures to States to encourage Chiang Kai-shek to aban­ maintaining. protect our weaponry! "Premature force de­ don the offshore islands of Quemoy and Mat­ "(c) That a U.N. order to use them will be cisions taken to hedge against future Soviet su, to suspend nuclear tests unilaterally, and honored only in the event some nation has threats of low probability should be avoided, to use force only if it were "sanctioned by, initiated the use of nuclear weapons other a.nd in many instances reliance on high con­ and under control of, the United Nations." than on or over its own territory in self-de­ fidence measures to ensure survivability and Before the Senate Armed Services Commit­ fense against military aggression ...." penetrability might have to be foregone in tee in 1963, after he had been nominated as In other words, Nitze proposed turning favor of measures which are less reliable but secretary of the Navy, Nitze said he had over America's and NATO's strategic retali­ also less provocative." "Unilateral restrain t s," vigorously differed with m any of the panel's atory forces to the Afro-Asian-dominated Kahan argued, could bring great benefits. points, though exactly which points were not General 48sembly of the United Nations. The For the future, urged Kah an, officials always clear. His performance was not alto­ Nitze-imposed conditions, moreover, would "should play down our nuclear strength, gether convincing for the simple reason that have been rendered the U.N. impotent, for avoid attributing undue significance to vara­ his own thinking clearly bore a striking the world organization itself would not have tions in the u.s.-soviet force balance, and resemblance to some of the most controver­ been permitted to allow the use of weapons refrain from overstating the dangers of the sial aspects of the panel report. consigned to its control if the Soviets had Soviet threat or the problems of n u clear As Assistant Secretary of Defense for In­ launched a massive, conventional assault. parity." ternational Security Affairs under Kennedy, Facing the Senate Armed Services Com­ In short, what Kissinger's new disarma­ he had, in fact, endorsed an American de­ mittee three years later, Nitze initially tried ment adviser believes is that America, in or­ fense strategy that would not "provoke" the to downplay his proposal, but under con­ der to reach a productive outcome at SALT Soviet Union, he had favored withdrawal of siderable prodding he acknowledged it had II, m u st restrain its protective impulses, en­ U.S. missiles from Turkey, Italy and Eng­ been seriously put forth. Furthermore, only gage in unilateral disarmament, refrain from land, and he had openly supported the nu­ a few weeks prior to his appearance before provoking the Soviets with "high confiden ce" clear test-ban pact which the Joint Chiefs the committee, Nitze, according to a HUMAN defensive measures and virtually ignore what of Staff concluded was a "net disadvantage" EVENTS source, had stoutly defended his even Time magazine now sees as the growing to the U.S. military. Moreover, when Sen. Asilomar address before the liberal Democra­ and ominous nuclear threat from the Soviet Richard Russell (D.-Ga.), then chairman of tic Study Group in the House. When Sen. Union. And what profoundly disturbs the the Armed Services Committee, asked Nitze Harry Byrd (D.-Va.) asked Nitze about his hard-liners in Congress and the Pentagon is if he had believed in 1958 "that we should remarks before the DSG, Nitze said that his that they believe that these days Kissinger pressure the Chinese Nationalists to evacuate "recollection" was that "I said that I very and Kahan think very much alike. Quemoy and Mat su," Mitze replied. "My rec­ recently reread this Asilomar speech, and ollection is in 1958 I did think so." Nitze there were elements in it which I thought THE PENTAGON'S NITZE: AN UNCERTAIN also opposed the 1955 Senate-House resolu­ stood up after having reread it." TRUMPET tion empowering the President to commit Sen. Robert Byrd (D.-W. Va.), now the No sooner did it become known that Henry American forces to protect those offshore is­ Democratic whip in the Senate, remarked to Kissinger had hired Jerome Kahan, a uni­ lands from a Red Chinese attack. Nitze at the time: "I don't want to impugn lateral disarmament advocate, to enter the One of the most provocative resolutions your sincerity ... [but] it seems to me that . top councils of the State Department (see emanating from the World Order Study Con­ in my reading of this speech I get an impres­ HUMAN EVENTS, February 16, page 3) than ference panel was the proposition that Amer­ sion that you threw out an idea which you word leaked out that yet another controver­ ica. should use force only if it were "sanc­ thought might really be practicable and fea­ sial disarmament expert had been slated for tioned by, and under the control of, the sible. You attempted to destroy the antici­ a key Pentagon post. That expert: Paul United Nations." Nitze said he opposed this pated objections to it.•.. I don't think a Nitze, an old Democratic hand who played a part of the panel recommendations but his careful reading of the statement really would major role in shaping the disarmament pol­ denial was less than persuasive in view of the convince me and persuade me that it was icies of former JFK-LBJ Defense Secretary startling speech he delivered to military a.nd indeed just a mere proposal which you did Robert S. McNamara. civilian personnel in Asilomar, Calif., on not believe in. . • ." Nitze is expected to be named to the job April 28, 1960-nearly two years after the Under Byrd's continuing barrage, Nitze of Assistant Secretary of Defense for Inter­ World Order Study Conference in Cleveland owned up: "I sincerely wanted this to be national Security Affairs, the same job he and a few months prior to Kennedy's elec­ analyzed by these people who were there, held in the Kennedy yea.rs and from which tion. I thought it was worthy of discussion." he and his successors exerted a powerful The Nitze speech consisted of a. series of In later years, Nitze has also been noted impact on the Pentagon's defense and for­ finely reasoned assumptions, but the key for his soft policies. From 1967 to 1969, Nitze eign policy planning. element was that America should no longer was No. 2 man in the Defense Department. While the New York Times' Leslie Gelb strive for nuclear superiority over the Soviet In the Nixon Administration, he has been quoted a. former Nitze colleague as saying Union or what Nitze defined as a "Class A" an important member of the Strategic Arms that he's "the most knowledgeable hawk in capability. Instead, said Nitze, the United Limitations Talks, a.nd publicly defended town," others more closely acquainted with States should aim for a "secure second-strike SALT I, although he has been critical of the his positions take strong exception to the capab111ty" with the caipacity to retaliate if outcome in private conversations. In addition "hard-liner" portrait. In the phrase of one the Soviets strike the first blow. to his disarmament views, he also opposed observer, Nitze, at best, is "an uncertain Indeed, Nitze's 4,000-word address con­ the Vietnam War a.nd argued against the be­ trumpet." Far from strengthening the hawk­ tained the seeds of the unilateral disarma­ lief that Hanoi could be bombed into sub­ ish viewpoint in the Defense Departmf?.nt, ment policy pursued so diligently and disas­ mission. for instance, there a.re some knowledgeable trously by the Kennedy Administration, a So much for Nitze "the hawk." Nitze may defense experts who believe that Nitze might policy that called for-and resulted in-the now, in fact, believe in a "harder line" than seriously undermine the Pentagon's position deliberate abandonment of U.S. nuclear supe­ he has voiced on the record, as many ob· on a variety of issues, including its "semi­ riority over the Soviet Union. servers seem to think. And judged by the ha.rd" attitude toward the Strategic Arms At Asilomar, Nitze went even further than disarmament theorists who think the U.S. Limitations Talks. most dovish nuclear experts by explicitly strategic arsenal should be reduced to a. Though even his critics will acknowledge proposing a plan that would make the United couple of H-bombs (a spare, in case one goes has hawkish moments, Nitze's rhetoric and Nations the ultimate orbiter of when the fiat), Nitze is probably considered a Dr. actions in the pa.st are not consistent with Western world could employ its strategic nu• Strangelove. But if past is prologue, as the the views of a "hard-liner." Nitze's views on clear arsenal. Sa.id Nitze: saying goes, the selection of Paul Nitze 1s disarmament, in fact, have proved fairly con­ "The actions I propose are the following: hardly likely to firm up the attitudes of De­ sistent-and dovish-since 1958. (1) That we concentrate on building a vari­ fense Secretary Schlesinger or send a single In November of that year, for instance, ety of secure, purely retaliatory systems. . . • shiver down the spines of Kremlin strategists. Nitze presided over Section 2 of the Fifth (2) that, when we have such a mix of rela­ World Order Study Conference of the Na­ tively secure systems, we scrap the fixed­ tional Council of Churches which met in based vulnerable systems that have their THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE Cleveland, Ohio. principal utility as components of a Class A The panel claimed that "aggressive tactics (superior] capability; (3) that we multi­ of the Communist powers are caused, in part, lateralize the command of our retaliatory systems by making SAC [the Strategic Air HON. JACK F. KEMP by fear of their own security . . . and the OF NEW YORK history of Western imperialism must be taken Command] a NATO command, and (4) that into account if we are to understand contem­ we inform the United Nations that NATO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES porary Communist attitudes." It also claimed will turn over ultimate power of decision on Monday, February 25, 1974 that "American nuclear stockpiles and wide­ the use of these systems to the General As­ ly scattered military bases, some of them sembly of the United Nations subject to the Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, during the near the borders of the Soviet Union, arouse following conditions: debate on the television policy of the February 25, 1974 'EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4149 . National Football League last fall, some prediction about the destruction of pro the level of 1936, when there had been disparaging remarks were made in this football. However, the Members who half as many people to feed. Almost half Chamber about professional football in voted to alter the TV policy of pro foot­ of the country's export earnings had to general, and about the NFL in partic­ ball should be open to empirical evidence be used to import food. And the balance­ ular. that indicates trends in pro football's of-payments deficit and foreign debt I would first like to share with my col­ financial future. Rather than closing our soared--doubling in only 3 years. When leagues some of the little-known fa~ts minds, or criticizing the league for the new government took control from about those activities of the NFL which showing its side of the story, and even the Communists it found that the Treas­ often go unnoticed but which reflect an telling pro football to outlaw the zone ury contained only enough money to integral part of league policy. defense, let's be openminded enough to finance for a single day the purchase of The National Football League has vol­ watch these statistics and trends and be food needed from abroad. unteered NFL films and TV air time, for willing to adopt remedial legislation if Repeated and prolonged strikes by the promotion of federally sponsored pro­ the facts so warrant. copper miners had caused the country's grams, since 1971, valued at $250,000. major industry to clank to a halt. The NFL players and their families have also demands of miners for higher wages to donated their time for radio and televi­ combat soaring inflation were coupled sion commercials and personal appear­ PICKING UP THE PIECES IN CHILE, with protests against the inept admin­ ances to promote these agency efforts. In AN UNTOLD STORY istration of the mines by Allende's polit­ the past 3 years the NFL has extended ical commissars. Political appoL'ltees over a half million dollars of time, people swelled the ranks of workers. They spent and footage for governmental projects HON. JOHN R. RARICK more time organizing and attending party meetings than in mining ore, and in the Department of HealthJ Education, OF LOUISIANA and Welfare, the Federal Energy Com­ the industries operated only at fantastic mission and the Department of Justice, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES losses. The efficient mining operations as well~ for projects dealing with sickle Monday, February 25, 1974 that Allende had without compensation cell anemia, high blood pressure, Good­ Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ "Chileanized" from U.S.-based compa­ will Industries, Careers, United Way, and tember 11, 1973, after 3 years under nies became political playthings for the cancer research. The National Football Marxist rule, the people of Chile dra­ Marxists. League and the players of the NFL have matically rejected Communist President Hundreds of industries were national­ willingly and actively supported these Salvador Allende Gossens and his Marx­ ized. To force the bankruptcy of remain­ civic service programs because they real­ ist regime. The anti-Communist military ing private enterprises, Allende froze ize that their special expertise and ap­ had surrounded the Presidential Palace. prices on goods manufactured by private peal to a large cross section _of our P?i:u­ Unwilling to answer to his Communist concerns and at the same time granted lation places them in a umque pos1t1on masters for his failure, Allende com­ large wage raises while inflating the to easily influence their audiences, and mitted suicide with a gun given him by prices of government-controlled raw ma­ in possessing that influence, that they Fidel Castro, whom he had sought to re­ terials. As this escalated, whole industries have a responsibility to our society to en­ place as the most celebrated Communist fell into the hands of Allende's Marxist courage the development of and the par­ in the Americas. Allende left behind him henchmen and the economy disinte­ ticipation in programs that better the an economy so destroyed by communism grated. society. . that it may take years to recover. Fwious, the people reacted. Strikes by I am extremely proud of my years m The immediate reaction of outrage ex­ truckers, shopkeepers, white-collar work­ pro football and of my affiliation with the pressed by Communists and radicals in ers, taxi drivers, and hospital technicians game-its players, owners, and fans. our country and throughout the world rocked Chile in the months before the And as a Member of the House, I am was to be expected. Their "showcase of government was toppled. All semblance grat~ful for the concern and commit­ democratic socialism in the Western of social and economic order had been ment of the league to the betterment of destroyed in Chile. Hemisphere," as Allende's Communist Meanwhile, even as he paid lip service our country and our people. regime was called had failed. In its fail­ Second, I want to bring to the atten­ ure, the Allende government had learned to his goal of establishing a Communist tion of my colleagues some current what other Communists have long state in Chile through democratic means, statistics on league attendance which kn<>wn-that a free people will not will­ Salvador Allende armed an international reflects what may be the results of the ingly trade liberty for communism. brigade of workers, students, and foreign Congress recent alteration of NFL TV By midsummer, most observers real­ Communist revolutionaries, who had policy. ized that Allende had led Chile to the been quietly infiltrated into the country. On Thursday, December 13, 1973, the He now realized that his only hope of brink of civil war or total collapse. Eco­ retaining power was through an armed Washington Post carried an article en­ nomic chaos paralyzed the country. In­ titled "NFL No-Shows Jump 60 Percent flation had reached a staggering 350 per­ Communist takeover. In a letter of July From '72." In essence, the article pointed 29, 1973, discovered among other Presi­ cent by the end of July-the highest dential documents after the coup, Cuban out that in the 13-week season of 1972, in the world. Consumer prices were prior to the enactment of legislation to dictator Fidel Castro urged Allende to more than doubling every 4 months, and rally his forces and strike: lift television blackouts in cities where what consumer products were available NFL games were played, the "no-show" ... Don't for a. single instant forget the were earmarked as a first priority for formidable power of the Chilean labour class, spectator count was 524,871. For that party members. The people were forced and the energetic backing that it has afforded same period in 1973, after the legislation to endure massive waiting lines to pur­ you at a.11 difficult times. It can, at a call became effective, the early estimated chase their government rations of food from you should the revolution ·be endan­ "no-show" amount was 826,182. More and clothing, or to turn to the black gered, paralyze those who favor a. coup d'etat, recent figures reported by the league market. Paper currency was so devalued retain the adherence of vacillators, impose show that for the 1973 regular 14-week by inflation that rather than reporting its conditions, and decide once and forever season there were 109 televised games ... the fate of Chile. The enemy should to work for a daily wage, workers often know that it has been summoned and is and 1,017,333 "no-shows." The post­ found it more beneficial to stand in line ready to come into action. Its strength and season "no-shows" totaled 41,902. for a government handout, which many combativeness may tilt the scale in your It would seem, in the interest of then sold on the black market. The black favor, even though other circumstances may objectivity, Congress should monitor market, by now the free market left in be unfavorable. closely the effects of lifting the TV black­ Chile, became the only industry in the But, in spite of their intensive guerrilla out. Admittedly, all the evidence is not land that showed a profit. training and the large caches of arms in. Yet, as the Post points out: Allende's policies of agrarian reform, and ammunition stored for them in the The real test is expected to come next sea.­ which turned farmers into employees of Presidential Palace and other govern­ son when season-ticket holders, who com­ the state, re,.sulted in a drop of almost 20 ment buildings, Allende's paramilitary prise the bulk of NFL attendance, make their percent in agricultural production. Un­ decisions a.bout renewing tickets. commandos offered little organized re­ certainty over expropriation of their sistance to the military on the morning To call attention to these facts is not crops and land discouraged farmers from of the coup. It was a preemptive move-­ to "cry wolf" or engage in a "doomsday" planting. Agricultural production sank to well timed and well organized. In the 4150 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 2'5, 1974 President's luxurious home in Santiago, Grave doubts about what had really hap­ nerstones of constitutional freedom being the armed forces discovered an arsenal pened in Chile were created in the minds included is the right to own private prop­ sufficient to supply over 2,000 men. of millions of uninformed Americans. erty. Every effort is being made to assure There were Russian-made rockets, 30- Little attention was paid to reports is­ that no fanatical minority of Commu­ and 50-caliber heavy machineguns, AK- sued a few weeks later by reporters nists will ever again be able to gain a 47's, recoilless antitank weapons, and making independent investigations of stranglehold on the country. The Chilean bazookas--with enough ammunition to the story. These investigations estab­ Embassy reports: permit sustained gunfire for over 24 lished that the allegations of Newsweek The final goal of the (Fundamental) Char­ hours. A bomb factory and a guerrilla reporter Barnes were so wildly exagger­ ter is to interpret the feelings of the majority school were discovered at the home of Al­ ated as to constitute deliberate misrep­ of the country and to create ma.ohinery for lende's private secretary. Caches of ex­ resentation. The body-count :figure of preventing the nation from ever again being plosives, grenades, assault guns, and 2,769 was correct, of course. But what ruled by a minority which refuses to respect Molotov cocktails were found in factories Barnes had neglected to tell the readers the popular will of the majority. and industrial plants operated by Allen­ of Newsweek was that the figure repre­ Anti-Communist Chile's Ambassador de's Communist appointees. sented every corpse admitted to the to the United States is Walter H. Heit­ Documents found in the office of the Santiago morgue for the entire year mann, a soft-spoken retired air force Minister of the Interior, Daniel Vergara, from January 1 through September. The general. Soon after his arrival in Wash­ a Community Party leader, indicates Chilean Embassy in Washington reports ington, Ambassador Heitmann appeared that if the military coup had not taken that the actual death toll was less than on my weekly television program "You've place when it did the Communists would 600, including 42 military and police. a Right To Know" to discuss the situa­ have launched their formal takeover. After the first burst of sensationalist tion in his country. This was his first ap­ Plans had already been made, and sched­ headlines, the U.S. press has largely pearance on U.S. television, and Gen­ uled, to assassinate top military leaders chosen to ignore Chile. The new govern­ eral Heitmann emphasized that his gov­ on September 17. Even former Chilean ment's uphill struggle to restore an econ­ ernment's leaders hope "that they can President Eduardo Frei, who is hardly omy shattered by Allende and his Com­ show the world with actions and final known as a rightwing extremist, looked munists has been almost to·tally neg­ results that they did the right thing." As upon the junta as the only escape from lected. Yet the economy of Chile has we talked, Ambassador Heitmann dis­ a Communist takeover: begun to show signs of recovering from cussed the recent events in his country The country had no other way out towards its 3 years under Marxism. with a determination and optimism that salvation but a government by the Junta.. Copper production, which accounts for characterize conversations I have had Allende had come to establish Communism about 80 percent of Chile's income, has with other members of the new anti­ by violence, not through democratic means. already shown a substantial increase. communist government. I believe you will And when deceived democrat.a realized. the magnitude of this treason, it was too late; The copper mines are expected to pro­ be interested in the details of that inter­ masses of guerrilleros had been armed, and a duce a record 800,000 tons during 1974. view which follow: program of extermination of mllita.ry, civil And the government has begun to con­ INTERVIEW and political heads was a.bout to be put into duct negotiations "aimed at providing Ambassador HEITMANN. It would take three action. just compensation" for nationalized U.S. years to explain the facts, because in three Chile was spared the massive butchery interests. years the previous Government destroyed that followed Communist revolutions in Farms illegally taken by the Allende our oountry. Unless you have knowledge of regime are being returned to their own­ the former conditions, you will not be able Cuba, China, and Russia. The military to understand the reasons why the military, apparently acted only after the threat of ers. Agricultural production is expected breaking a long trad'ition in our country, a Communist takeover by force seemed to rise markedly despite the delayed intervened; and why the majority of Chileans imminent. For 46 years the military in planting season. are supporting the new government. It would Chile had avoided involvement in civilian Public confidence in the escudo­ be necessary for the American people to see politics. But, as the Communists have Chile's national currency-is returning. how our women formed long lines just to proved again and again, there are far Long-hoarded U.S. dollars are again get some food, and remained standing for worse ways to live. And within a week the being exchanged for escudos at the of­ hours well into the night. They were forced, ficial rate. In fact, some $19.5 million in with this system, to leave their children junta, composed of representatives of the alone, risking their health and lives in order Army, Navy, Air Force, and National small bills were sent abroad a commer­ to get food. The food was distributed. only Police, had established its credibility as cial airliner to Miami in late December to those who were members of the Marxist a government and began to move the as the first installment toward repay­ political parties. Citizens who did not belong country back toward liberty. ment of Chile's :financial obligations to to those parties could not even get the basic For one thing, it assumed full re­ the United States. In a little-publicized necessities to support life, but were forced to sponsibility for the foreign debts of the agreement with the U.S. State Depart­ buy them in the "black market." previous administration. The United ment, Chile's new leaders have agreed to Congressman RARICK. Party-that's the repay $64 million during the next 6 years Communist Party? States is still waiting for payment of Ambassador HEITMANN. That's the Com­ debts owed by Russia in 1917 and Cuba beginning in January 1975, with interest munist Party, yes. That is the way they oper­ in 1959. This was a significant step of 6 percent per annum. Reports indi­ ated in order to have the complete control toward reestablishing international cate that it took the tellers almost a over the Chilean people. Basically, the mili­ credit and respectability. week to count the millions of U.S. bills, tary was asked by the people to intervene to In the subsequent rush of the U.S. many of which had been exchanged for put an end to this situation. For three years, press to deplore military rule by the escudos after having been hoarded by the population had been nourished with lies, new government, inaccuracies, misrep­ Chileans throughout the Allende regime. with promises that were never accomplished. The social and political chaos Chile They grew sick and tired of demagoguery. resentations, and deliberate lies were The unions went on strike, especially the headlined across our country. Wide­ suffered under the Marxists is to be re­ truckers' unions. And the university students spread coverage was given a Newsweek placed by a new Constitution currently too. Even the housewives went into the story, filed by correspondent John being drafted. It is expected to be sub­ streets demanding the resignation of Allende. Barnes, claiming an "official morgue mitted to a public plebiscite for approval The country was paralyzed, production was body-count" showed that during the first within the next few months. But the almost non-existent, everything was a matter 2 weeks following the overthrow of Com­ liberal press in the United States, still of politics. The police force was called out to rade Allende the Santiago morgue proc­ mourning the fall of Communist Salva­ repress the people's protest, and police officers dor Allende, has failed to report that the quickly became sick of misuse of authority. essed 2,796 bodies. It implied that execu­ Finally, however, the leaders of the military tions had taken place on the same scale drafting committee does not include a could no longer remain deaf to the demands in other Chilean cities. The report single representative of the armed of the people for the resignation of Allende. created a sensation and shocked most forces. Chile's military leaders appar­ They asked him to leave the country, and Americans. It was even read into the ently desire to return to their traditional offered him safe passage to the nation of his CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as representing role, separate from civilian politics, as preference. even Russia, with full assurance the brutality of the new anti-Commu­ soon as the emergency can be ended. that he might take with him whomever he Early indications are that the new wished. When he did not accept this offer, nist government. The Newsweek report the Armed Forces moved to overthrow him by gained wide circulation on college cam­ Constitution will reaffirm and strengthen f·orce. puses and was used by Marxist groups to basic freedoms and civil liberties denied Congressman RARICK. Mr. Ambassador, you raise money for anti-Chile propaganda. under the Allende regime. One of the cor- were in Chile at the time of the coup. What February 25, 1974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4151 do you believe would have happened if the "democratic communism," and the people tion. As for negotiations with copper com­ military had not intervened? understood. The shortages of food, medicines, panies, we expect them to end in a mutual Ambassador HErrMANN. I retired one year and raw materials became a national tragedy. agreement that will benefit both parties. ago from the Armed Forces, so I was able to Women went out in the streets crying be­ Nevertheless, we need all kinds of foreign watch developments both as a military man cause their cooking pots were empty. Work­ help now. Technical, scientific, and economic and as a civilian. If the Army had not stepped ers, technicians, employees, countrymen, aid is necessary because, as you know, the in, the government would have started its professionals, and students went on strike deficit in the balance of payments is $700 own revolution. It had organized popular and the country was paralyzed. All over the million this year, despite the fact that before militias, it had weapons, organization, guer­ country people began collecting signatures Allende came to power we enjoyed a $400 rilla-training camps with people coming in to ask Allende to resign. At last, doctors of million surplus. from Cuba, Korea, and other countries. Chile medicine and truckers declared that they Congressman RARICK. What is the new was invaded by foreigners who were ready to would remain on strike until the President Government doing to resto!re economic and lead the coup that the Allende Government had left the Moneda. It was then that the social stability in Chile? was preparing for the seventeenth of Septem­ Armed Forces and the Police Corps inter­ Ambassador HEITMANN. The destruction of ber, one day before our National Day. They vened. our economy by the Marxist was so complete had a detailed plan for that day, which was Congressman RARICK. We are hearing talk that reconstruction will be even more dif­ found in the safe of the Minister of the In­ about suppression of the minorities and of ficult than that required of a nation reduced terior. It was known as .''Plan Z." Anybody of free speech in your country. Does this to rubble by a war. Emergency measures have can look at these documents in the "White exist? been implemented with plans for short, me­ Book" recently published by the new Govern­ Ambassador HEITMANN. At this moment all dium, and long term reconstruction. As an ment. My Embassy is making every effort to political activities are suspended. The people immediate measure, efforts were concen­ circulate this book in the United States. accept this, and are offering to continue such trated on the provision of foodstuffs, to avoid Congressman RARICK. Do you feel that a suspension until the country achieves a the famine precipitated by the decline of President Allende was the leader of this coup certain degree of recovery. Some news sources agricultural production and the dismantling against his own Government, or was he being have publicized inadequate information, as of the food-processing industry. This was manipulated by outside forces? well as falsified reports, related to the Chilean followed by the initiation of short-term plans Ambassador HEITMANN. Mr. Allende was in Government. Perhaps part of this misin­ to reorganize labor in all sectors. The Chilean some way losing control of the political forces formation is a result of the fact that the democratic organization is being restruc­ that supported him, especially of the Socialist legal procedures under which the Military tured to encourage increased production in Party, which was the most ardent advocate of Courts operate require the strictest secrecy mining, agriculture, and industry. violence. But Allende was a Socialist himself, regarding those being detained. In com­ Congressman RARICK. What lies ahead for and the disagreement with his party was only pliance with the military code of justice that Chile? a matter of timing. There is no doubt he has operated in Chile for more than twenty­ Ambassador HEITMANN. Regarding our fu­ knew about this plot because some of the five years, the military authorities cannot ture hopes, I can assure you that the com­ documents were found in his house, where he divulge any information about those being ing years will be years of sacrifice and ef­ kept an arsenal: guns ma.de in Russia, East held for questioning. For this reason, it is fort on the part of the people of Chile. If Germany, and Czecho-Slovakia. There are not unusual to hear that "so-and-so has dis­ it is not possible to p!rocure the immediate some pictures of his practicing with ma­ appeared," allowing the imagination to sup­ technical and economic support that Chile chine-guns in the gardens of one of his sev­ ply the remaining details, while the truth needs, the recovery will nevertheless con­ eral houses. of the mattter ls that the person in question tinue. Without international understand­ Congressman RARICK. But there were peo­ is only being interrogated by the courts. In ing and cooperation, our recuperation ple from outside your country who had been addition, it is possible that some people pro­ will of course be slower. But Chile has no moved in? viding false information are politically in­ doubts about having taken the road back Ambassador HErrMANN. Yes, we detected terested in distorting the actual situation in to freedom, and we hope that some day about thirteen thousand foreigners, most of Chile. soon the other free nations of the world them Cubans and Brazllians, some from Congressman RARICK. In the meantime, will understand and appreciate this. · Uruguay, Korea, and other countries. They what has your country done with all of those NoTE.-This Mticle originally appeared in were actively training Chileans too. In the Communists from other countries who were the March 1974 issue of American Opinion. factories they were organizing workers in infiltrated in Chile? paramilitary armies and providing them with Ambassador HEITMANN. We are giving them arms. safe-conduct to leave the country. I don't RESPONSE OF INDIANA CHURCHES Congressman RARICK. In other words, the know if the countries that are receiving them TO THE ENERGY CRISIS Socialists and Communists were using the are aware of the problems they are going to labor movement and the poor people to ar­ have as a result. Some are even offering them range a guerrilla movement against their own high positions in universities and public country? activities. It certainly provides a good oppor­ HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Ambassador HEITMANN. Yes, that's exactly tunity for Communism to spread its ideology OF INDIANA to different countries. what happened. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Congressman RARICK. But Mr. Ambassa­ Congressman RARICK. Mr. Ambassador I am dor, if Allende's guerrilla movement was so sure you are aware that the U.S. Govern­ Monday, February 25, 1974 ment has been discussing the possibility that strong, why was there so little opposition Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I ask to the preemptive coup by the military? these Communists and Marxists from Chile Ambassador HEITMANN. Why did they find might be classified as "refugees" and offered unanimous consent to insert in the little resistance? It is obvious: Because most sanctuary here in the United States. I'm RECORD the text of a statement .bY the people were against Allende. The Marxist sure your country is not going to object if Indiana Council of Churches of Decem­ regime became very unpopular during the some other country takes them off your ber 27, 1973, setting forth the response of last year. People were promised many good hands, are you? churches in the State of Indiana to short­ things, and they were misled for a time. But Ambassador HEITMANN. No, we want to get ages of energy. as soon as treason-to-promises was confirmed, rid of them by all means, but we are not The text of the resolution follows: they protested against the former '3overn­ going to kill them. We just want them out ment. It was then that the Marxists had to of the country. And if they find a country RESPONSE OF INDIANA CHURCHES TO THE look for more foreigners to help support Al­ that wants to take care of them, that's the ENERGY CRISIS lende. Our citizens are lovers of peace and problem of that country. The churches of Indiana represented in freedom, and only the knowledge that they Congressman RARICK. The flow of private the Indiana Council of Churches recognize had been cheated made them react violently capital from the United States to Chile was their individual and corporate responsibility against the cheater. cut oft' following the seizure of several U.S.­ in the current energy crisis. They will under­ ' What happened in Chile was not a coup based copper companies. Within the past few take to counsel with their people in regard d'etat. It was the only way to solve the prob­ weeks, however, private U.S. bank loans to conservation of fuel, adjust their program­ lems of the nation. The problems had amounting to about $150 million have been ming to the same end and contribute posi­ been created by the former Govern­ made available to Chile. Do you see this as tively to meeting the energy problem in com­ ment through the illegal rulings applied dur­ an economic vote of confidence for the new munit ies, the state and nation. ing the last three years. Our moral, social, Government? The churches consider it essential at the and economic status was destroyed. Such Ambassador HEITMANN. There was no guar­ national level: activity was formally denounced by the Su­ antee of national or foreign investment in (1) That the actual nature and eXitent of preme Court, the Comptroller's Office, and Chile over the last few years because the the shortage be determined by the Govern­ the Congress. However, Allende did not lis­ Allende regime did not act in accordance ment itself independent of reports from the ten, and continued to violate both the Con­ with the Constitution and the law. Big and oil companies. stitution and the law. small factories were illegally seized, some (2) That representatives of the public in­ The military intervention was a conse­ were even taken over by guerrilla forces. At cluding the churches be involved in exami.,. quence of the demands expressed by the this moment, I think we are recovering the nation of the problem and in planning to majority of Chileans. At great risk, the news­ traditional confidence investors once had, meet it. papers, radio, and television published the because Chileans are once again working to (3) That whatever plan or plans may be facts that proved the failure of the so-called increase and improve the quality of produc- devised shall be made equitable so that some 4152 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 25, 1974 do not profit greatly while others sustain speech of Cumberland, R.I., high school best expressed by Carl Schurz. when he heavy economic cost. senior, Lynne Coulombe. Miss coulom­ stated (4) That it be- recognized that attempting "OUr country, right or wrong; to restrict the use of fuel by raising the cost be's well expressed thoughts reflect the concerns shared by many young citizens, When right, to be kept right; through large price increases or greatly When wrong to be put right!" expanded tax would bear unfairly upon work­ yet present an affirmation of faith in our ing people who must use their cars to get to democratic form of government. work and can least afford higher transporta­ Her speech is titled "My Responsibil­ FORMER CONSTITUENTS AND MEM· tion costs. Many such employees are in areas ity as a Citizen:• BERS OF RICHARD NIXON'S where no public transportation exists. Describing my responsibility as a citizen ( o) That national leadership be given to CHURCH CALL FOR IMPEACH­ is surely not as simple a task as it may ap­ MENT strengthening and expanding local public pear. This responsibility is not one single, transportation systems and to the develop­ clearly discernible entity which can be iso­ ment of such systems. where not now in lated and analyzed. Rather, my responsib111ty existence. lies in several intertwining duties which HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. (6) That the current energy situation not transcend the bounds of being merely re­ OP CALIFORNIA be used to turn back the clock on school sponsib111ties to act when the need for de­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES integration. fense is evident. Responsibilities of thought (7) That immediate attention be given ta and deliberation are perhaps more important Monday, February 25, 1974 the problem of unemployment and redistri­ because they are the catalysts which set du­ Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ bution of employment as a result of the ties of act into motion. energy situation. er, in today's mall I received a copy of a (a) That Hoosiers recognize the crisis as I, as a citizen. must recognize my country resolution passed by the Peace and So­ national and that concern for Indiana's wel­ for her inherent values. Her heritage, par­ cial Order Committee of the Claremont fare not blind the state's government or ticularly her founding and the incubation Friends Meeting, the text of which I people to the fact that this is one nation of what we have accepted as our Constitu­ tion and the varied qualities of her multi­ would like to insert in the RECORD. This and that limitations on fuel must be accepted resolution is of particular interest since proportionately by all regardless of where ethnic citizemy a.Ye some of the more ob­ in the country they live. vious traits worthy of mention and respect. Claremont is in the heart of what was For themselves the chul'ches declare their She 1s a land of charity, to her own inhabi­ once California's 12th Congressional Dis­ intention to: tants as well as to many of the world's peo­ trict, represented by the Honorable Jerry ( 1) Combine necessary meetings to reduce ple. She has remained a bastion of freedom Voorhis until he was defeated in one of travel. as it is printed, spoken and heard, and she history's most notorious smear cam­ (2) Reduce or eliminate meetings where allows it to thrive. Without further attempts paign's by Richard Nixon in 1946. Con­ possible by means of telephone conference to itemize the various freedoms that a.re of­ gressman Voorhis still resides in Clare­ calls, mall communication and other pro­ fered, suffice it to say that they are, indeed, there, and they permeate the culture. Yet. mont and remains extremely active in cedures. local politics in the area. (3) Foster car pooling on the part of in­ most of all, she is strong and powerful dividuals and families. country with the fortitude to endure. Our Another factor increasing the interest (4) Encourage members and constituents domestic political system has proven itself of this resolution is the fact that Mr. of the churches to conserve fuel in their to be as valid for the industrial society that Nixon himself was raised as a member homes and businesses. is. present now, as well as for the agricultural of the community of Friends, widely ( 5) Close. parts of churches hard to heat. society und.er which it was adopted. Even known as the Quaker Church, even and use more easily heated portions of build­ the effects of the tides of controversy such as we are experiencing presently, the funda­ though his actions throughout his politi­ ings. cal career have gone against the prin­ (6) Explore joint use of fac111ties by more mental constitutional system has held firm than one congregation. with minimal adversity. Her power has re­ ciples of that religion quite consistently. (7) Survey the :neighborhoods of the peatedly been demonstrated. Never declared The text of the resolution follows: churches to find persons encountering dif­ less than a victor in war, there is little likeli• FEBRUARY 3, 1974. ficulty in getting fuel on and aiding them in hood of m111tary or strategic failure and de­ The Peace and Social Order Committee of securing it and provid1ng shelter if required. feat 1n the future. Here ts where by responsi­ the Claremont Friends Meeting urges Rich­ (8) Seek recognition of the special problem b111ty as a citizen becomes much more dtm­ ard Nixon to drop his adversary role toward of churches which have bus ministries as an cult, and where its manifestations are oft­ all who question his actions and that he important or even major phase of their total times misunderstood. When my country mis­ freely come forward with all the necessary program and articulate the particular prob­ documents involved in the charges of illegal uses the strength that she possesses, either actions and abuses of power by his adminis­ lems confronted by pastors in parish con­ domestically or internationally, my responsi­ nected travel and in reaching their fields. tration. We believe he should be willing, if This statement shall be communicated to bility as a citizen is to act; tor not to is surely need be, to submit to questioning by appro­ Willlam E. Simon, the federal energy ad­ one of the basest forms of neglect. There are priate authorities of the other branches of ministrator, members of Congress from In­ several distinctions within the defined realm government concerning these charges. At dl.a.na, Governor Bowen, Roberrt Morris, In­ of dissent, and one must realize that quiet, this time of crisis. we believe he should dia.na's energy coordinator, Speaker Kermit yet effective, dissent 1s easily as viable a.a search his soul, for his own sake and for the Burrous of the Indiana House of Representa­ what we have come to accept as synonymous morale of the country, and show hts regard tives and Chairman Pro Tem Philip Gutman with the word itself. For example, notifying for and his trust ln the American people of the State Senate. one's representatives and senators in Wash­ by openly confiding in them about his rela­ Dr. F. BENJAMIN DAVIS, ington of his disagreement on matters of tionship to the matters which so trouble President. principle, procedure or policy 1s probably the them. Dr. GROVER L. HARTMAN, most common form of what could be termed In any case, we believe that the House of Eucuttve Secretary,. "passive dissent.'' Representatives should continue the investl­ ga.tlon of the acts of Richard M. Nixon. Historically, it haa been those who dis­ We believe the following are some grounds 'A YOUNG PERSON'S THOUGHTS ON sented who achieved progressive results. Our for Impeachment: independence was procured through dissi­ THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CITI­ ( 1) The President has usurped the war­ ZENSHIP dents who vere eventually succeeded by the maklng powers of Congress: he deliberately civil rights demonstrators, who at southern concealed the bombing of Cambodia from lunch counters, fought successfully for their Congress and the people and caused govern­ HON. FERNAND J. ST GERMAIN integration. It 1s the individual who does not ment records to be falsified. He has also an­ OJI' RHODE ISLAND react to indignities, or even outrages, who nounced that we would do so again under does the greatest disservice to his country. similar circumstances; IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Still, through the internal pressure exerted (2) The President established a secret Monday. February 25, 1974 upon the structure of our country she has police that operated outside the restraints endured, proving that since she is a govern­ of law and engaged 1n criminal acts of bur­ Mr. ST GERMAIN. Mr. Speaker, I am ment of the peopple, inherently she can with­ glary, wiretapping, espionage and perjury; sure my colleagues are aware of the an­ stand the actions ot those people who care (3) The President has flouted the Consti­ nual Voice of Democracy contest spon­ about the future and direction of the coun­ tution and some of the laws of the land. For sored by the Veterans of Foreign Wars try. example, he impounded $40 b1111on that Con­ and its ladies auxiliary in which second­ gress voted for humanitarian needs; he of­ Therefore my responsibility as a citizen is fered a high federal post to the judge at the ary school students in every State com­ twofold: I must appreciate the attributes and pete for scholarship awards by prepar­ time presiding in the Ellsberg trial, and he values present in my country, and at the and his aides have obstructed investigation ing a broadcast script addressing their sa.me time~ I must strive· to correct her de­ of the Watergate break-in. remarks to a chosen theme. ficiencies where they occur. JAMES w. Got1LI>, May I share with you the winning In conclusion, perhaps this sentiment was, Ch.airman..