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Public Private Partnerships in Road Transport Infrastructure in India: a Governance Perspective

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Public Private Partnerships in Road Transport Infrastructure in India: a Governance Perspective PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN INDIA: A GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Faculty of Humanities 2012 Manisha Verma School of Environment and Development Public Private Partnerships in Road Transport Infrastructure in India: A Governance Perspective TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………………………………………………………………………..8 Declaration....................................................................................................................10 Abbreviations………………………….……………………………………………...11 List of Tables.................................................................................................................16 Acknowledgement........................................................................................................17 Author...........................................................................................................................19 CHAPTER 1 RESEARCH DESCRIPTION AND SIGNIFICANCE ............................................. 20 1 Context of research .............................................................................................. 20 1.1 Introduction: Public Private Partnership ........................................................... 20 1.2 Analysing the growth of PPPs .......................................................................... 21 1.3 PPPs as a new form of governance ................................................................... 22 1.4 Important issues concerning PPPs .................................................................... 23 1.5 Governance of PPPs: Role of the State ............................................................. 24 1.6 PPPs in India ..................................................................................................... 25 2 Research agenda .................................................................................................. 26 3 Methodological aspects ....................................................................................... 27 4 Significance of the research ................................................................................ 28 5 Brief outline of thesis .......................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 2 PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AND ROLE OF THE STATE: THEORETICAL OVERVIEW .............................. 32 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 32 2 Public Private Partnership (PPP) ......................................................................... 32 3 Types of PPPs ...................................................................................................... 33 4 Characteristics of PPPs ........................................................................................ 34 5 Partnerships versus contracts............................................................................... 36 6 Analysing reasons behind growth of PPPs .......................................................... 37 6.1 Benefits arising out of resource inter-dependence ............................................ 39 6.2 Argument of economic efficiency .................................................................... 40 6.3 Political perspective .......................................................................................... 42 6.4 As a new mode of governance .......................................................................... 43 7 Critical evaluation of PPPs .................................................................................. 45 8 Role of the State as a more active partner ........................................................... 50 9 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 53 2 CHAPTER 3 THEORETICAL SCOPE OF POLICY NETWORKS AND ROLE OF THE STATE IN THEIR GOVERNANCE .......................................................................... 54 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 54 2 The ‘networks’ approach ..................................................................................... 54 3 ‘Policy/governance networks’ defined ................................................................ 55 4 Growth of the ‘networks’ concept ....................................................................... 56 5 Characteristics of networks ................................................................................. 56 6 Networks: Beyond markets and hierarchies ........................................................ 58 7 Analysing governance through policy networks ................................................. 59 7.1 Classical public administration ......................................................................... 60 7.2 New Public Management .................................................................................. 61 7.3 New Public Governance model ........................................................................ 63 8 Analysing functioning of networks ..................................................................... 66 9 Role of government within networks .................................................................. 68 10 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY ...................................................... 74 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 74 2 Understanding the social reality .......................................................................... 74 3 ‘Knowing’ the social world: Epistemological tools ............................................ 78 4 Research design ................................................................................................... 79 5 Research strategy ................................................................................................. 81 6 Research methods ................................................................................................ 83 7 Operationalising the research .............................................................................. 84 8 Data collection ..................................................................................................... 87 9 Analysis of data ................................................................................................... 92 10 Validity of the research ....................................................................................... 93 11 Ethical dimensions .............................................................................................. 95 12 Limitations of the study ....................................................................................... 96 13 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER 5 CONTEXTUAL PERSPECTIVES: INDIA AND GUJARAT ................................. 98 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 98 2 Transport infrastructure: A key driver of economy and growth ......................... 98 3 Extent and growth of PPPs in infrastructure sector in India ............................... 99 4 Area of study: Road transport infrastructure sector .......................................... 104 4.1 Potential in the road infrastructure sector ....................................................... 105 5 State of Gujarat .................................................................................................. 108 6 Political economy of Gujarat ............................................................................. 109 7 PPPs in road transport infrastructure in Gujarat ................................................ 110 8 Initiatives in urban infrastructure in Gujarat ..................................................... 112 9 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 113 3 CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL FINDINGS: INTRA-CITY ROAD TRANSPORT PROJECT .................................................................................................................... 114 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 114 2 Significance of study of Ahmedabad Bus Rapid Transit System (ABRTS) ..... 114 3 Reasons for growth and acceptance of bus rapid transit systems ..................... 115 3.1 Contextual perspective from India .................................................................. 115 3.2 Contextual perspective from Ahmedabad city ................................................ 117 3.3 Role of public transportation .......................................................................... 117 4 Initiatives by the Gujarat Government .............................................................. 119 5 ABRTS: A popular mode of transport .............................................................. 120 6 PPP model for ABRTS ...................................................................................... 123 7 Responsibilities of AMC within PPP for ABRTS ...........................................
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