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©Octor of in COMMERCE U.P. AND ITS ROLE IN RURAL UPLIFTMENT ABSTRACT Thesis Submitteci for the award of the degree of ©octor of IN COMMERCE (By ABDUL nmmAH UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF / Prof. NAFEES BAIG M.Com., Ph.D., D.Litt. (Allg.), C.A.S.F (Manchester) DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 2002 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The road transport is regarded as one of the most important infra- structures for the over-all growth and development of our economy.' This sector has great importance in affecting a socio- economic change in the country because roads are the veins o without which no development can take place. The same holds good for the state of U.P. where road transport has assumed a pivot position in the overall economic development of U.P. That is why the Central Government passed the Road Transport Corporation Act in 1950 to establish state road transport corporations in various states to provide cheap and adequate transport services in different states. It is with this significance that we have undertaken this work with the following objectives; i) To find out as to how the road transport affects the agricultural and industrial development of U.P. ii) To ascertain as to what kinds of roads are necessary for the rural development of U.P. and examine the socio- economic needs of road development in the state. iii) To provide some guidelines and suggestions for a well developed road transport system. iv) 'I'o provide an insight into the working iiiul pci I'oi iii;i;)cc of U.P.S.R.T.C, so that it may be compared with the performances of some other States Road Transport Corporations. v) To suggest improvements and progress of the road transport sector in U.P. so as to develop its economy on a sound footing with particular reference to the growth of U.P's rural sector. HYPOTHESIS Before starting the work on this project it was thought that the development of road transport with its supporting infrastructure is a must for any rural development programme of the country. The same holds good in the case of U.P. and its rural economy. It was also felt that the development and growth of a well planned network of roads is a pre-requisite for any development of road transport sector of U.P. In addition to this, it was felt that the infra-structure growth should also be made available for a balanced development of rural economy of the state. To test the above hypothesis, the study is presented in the following chapters:- The first chapter has been devised to analyse the socio-economic significance of road transport in India. It examines the impact of road transport on agricultural and industrial development of the country. The second chapter will include the general development of road transport in U.P. and the needs of development of roads and road transport in the state to meet the transport requirements. It will also highlight whether the pattern of road transport development is satisfactory or not. The third chapter will analyse the working and management of U.P.S.R.T.C. It will also highlight the various problems and difficulties faced by the U.P.S.R.T.C. in its operations and working. The chapter will also include some measures to overcome or remove the difficulties and problems faced by the Corporation. The achievements of U.P.S.R.T.C. will be compared with the performance and working of other State's Road Transport Corporations. The fourth chapter which forms the core chapter of the thesis presents the role of road transport in rural upliftment of U.P. The fifth chapter will be the last chapter of this work providing conclusions and recommendations. It will contain the summary of earlier chapters and will also contain the findings and suggestions for future development. Ill METHODOLOGY AND DATA-BASli: The study on the 'Development of Road Transport in U.P. and its role in rural uplifment' has been completed with the help of existing published literature and statistical informations. Relevant figures and necessary data have been collected from various secondary sources and some time visiting the relevant offices and branches of the U.P. Government eliciting informations relevant to the work. We have also taken recourse to meeting officials of the U.P. Government and discussing with them the possibilities of developing our rural economy with the help of road transport development. With the help of relevant and detailed informations and collected data, an attempt has been made to arrive at certain conclusions with regard to the efficiency of road transport system in U.P. The working and operations of U.P.S.R.T.C. have been compared with other S.R.T.Cs. to conclude whether the working and operations of this Corporation will help in the development of an infra-structure for future growth of U.P.'s rural economy. In order to know the role of road transport in rural upliftment of U.P., various sections of rural economy such as agriculture, industries, service sectors, land, water and irrigation, employment, housing, education, banking institutions, rural infra-structure and Vlll various developmental schemes have been thoroughly studied and examined. The data and statistical informations collected for the purpose of study have helped in presenting an analytical study of road transport in India and U.P. These data and informations have been collected from various journals periodicals, publications of U.P.S.R.T.C. and the Development Reports of the Government and Semi Government Agencies, Statistical Abstracts and Economic Surveys issued by the respective Departments of Central State and District Level. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:- Road transport plays an important role in the development of an economy because socio-economic development of a nation largely depends upon the mode of transport. Roads are the mirrors of all development of a country. Road transport is considered as a wheel of a nation's economic development when the wheels of economic growth move, it leads the economy towards faster growth. The increase in the mobility of men and materials has expanded its socio-economic significance. Road transport becomes more important in the sense that it provides feeder services to other modes of transportation. On studying a number of books, articles and research-papers, it has been found that most of the books on the subject of road tianspoit have coveied and analysed the lole ol transport as a basis of social, political and economic development in our country Jain, J K ' in his book entitled " Transpoit Economics" has highlighted the condition of road transport before independence He has analysed the socio-economic sugnificance and problem of road transport He has also suggested some measures to bring efficiency in road transport sector Harrison, A J in his book " Economics of Tianspoit Appraisal" has studied various techniques to measure the performance of transportation system Kulshreshta, D K ^ has analysed many managerial problems of road transport undertakings in our country He has also suggested some measures to reduce the cost of vehicle's operations and improve the revenue system in our economy Baig Nafees and Iqbal B A"* in their book on "Transport as a Contramt for the Agro-Iindustrial Development of UP" have described the progress of the industiial economy and various transport constraints They have analysed that these ' Jam, J K " Tranport Economics" Chaitanya Publishing House, Allahabad (1985) ^ Horrison, A J " Economics of Transport Appraisal" Cromm Helm London (1974) ^ Kulshreshta, D K "Management of State Road Transport in India" Mittal Publications Dcliu (1980) '' Baig Naiees & Iqbal, B A " Transport As a Constraint For the Agro-Industnal De\ elopment of U P F/0 Commerce, AMU Aligarh (1990) Vlll transport constraints are great impediment in the growth of rural industiies in the stale of U P Bhatnagai, K P , Agarwal D N and Gupta, S C ^ have highlighted the significance of various modes of transport in India They have also discussed the rural and urban transport and developmental aspects of road transport in India Bonavia, M R ^ has examined the role and significance of transport system He has discussed the utility of good transport system from industrial political, social and cultural angles Sri Vastava, S K ^ has studied the historical development of various modes of transport in India He has analysed the effect of efficient and well co-ordinated development of transport system on India's economy Khan Akbar Ah, M D ^ has studied the various problems faced by the state road transport Corporations He has analysed the different aspects and methods of financial management of the State Road Transport Corporations in India ^ Bhatnagar, K P , Agarwal, D N and Gupta, S C 'Transport in Modern India" Kishore Publishing House, Parade Kanpur (1974) ^Bonavia, MR The economics of Transport James Nisbct and Co ltd Digsuicil Place, Cambridge (1936) ' Snvastava S k " Economic of Transport' S Chand & Co Ltd , New Delhi, 110055 (1981) ** Khan Mbar All, M D ' Financial Management of S R T C In India' Anmol Publishers New Delhi (1990) vii Shankar, V/^ has highlighted the potential of employment in road transport industry. He has described that road transport has the highest employment potential. He has assessed that a unit of employment offers employment for 19 persons in railways, 17 persons in small scale industries and 100 persons in road transport industry. Every new vehicle on road creates employment for 12 persons. Mathew'° has discussed the role of rail and road transport in India. He emphasizes that the degree of economy and efficiency in the transport industry as a whole is determined by organizational consideration in the context of unit sizes.
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