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E Sesamum Indicum MINISTÉRIO DA EDUCAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS INSTITUTO DE PATOLOGIA TROPICAL E SAÚDE PÚBLICA NAIRA BORGES AMARO AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS DE Trichilia pallida (Swartz, 1788) (Sapindales: Meliaceae) e Sesamum indicum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) NA PROSPECÇÃO DE ACARICIDAS BOTÂNICOS PARA CONTROLE DE Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae). Orientador: Prof. Dr. FERNANDO DE FREITAS FERNANDES Dissertação de Mestrado Goiânia Goiás 2007 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS INSTITUTO DE PATOLOGIA TROPICAL E SAÚDE PÚBLICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM MEDICINA TROPICAL NAIRA BORGES AMARO AVALIAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DE EXTRATOS VEGETAIS DE Trichilia pallida (Swartz, 1788) (Sapindales: Meliaceae) e Sesamum indicum (L. Linnaeus, 1753) (Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) NA PROSPECÇÃO DE ACARICIDAS BOTÂNICOS PARA CONTROLE DE Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae). Orientador: Prof. Dr. FERNANDO DE FREITAS FERNANDES Dissertação submetida ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Goiás, como requisito parcial para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Medicina Tropical na área de concentração em Parasitologia. Goiânia –GO, 2007 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação-na-Publicação (CIP) (GPT/BC/UFG) Amaro, Naira Borges. A485a Avaliação do potencial de extratos vegetais de Trichilia pallida (Swartz, 1788) (Sapindales: Meliaceae) e Sesamum indicum (Lin- naeus, 1753) ( Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) na prospecção de acarici- das botânicos para controle de Rhipicephalus sanguineus ( Latreil- le, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae) [manuscrito] / Naira Borges Amaro. – 2007. xvi,105f : figs., tabs. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Fernando de Freitas Fernandes. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, 2007. Bibliografia: f.73-105. Inclui listas de figuras, tabelas e de abreviaturas. Anexos. 1. Rhipicephalus sanguineus 2. Acaricidas botânicos 3. Carra- pato – Controle 4. Trichilia pallida 5. Sesamum indicum I. Fer- nandes, Fernando de Freitas. II. Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública III. Título. CDU:595.42 iii Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Nilma Helena e Aparecido da Paz pelo amor, incentivo, pelos conselhos nos momentos difíceis e por serem a razão da minha vida, amo vocês. iv AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus pela orientação maior da vida e por ter permitido que eu continuasse minha caminhada. Ao Prof. Dr. Fernando de Freitas Fernandes, pelo estímulo, empenho, paciência, atenção e incentivo no processo de amadurecimento científico, além de total dedicação a este projeto, sempre dedicado a me orientar e ajudar no meu crescimento profissional. Ao CNPq pelo auxílio financeiro que me foi concedido, sendo primeiramente uma bolsa de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico e Industrial (DTI), vinculada a um outro projeto coordenado pelo meu orientador Prof. Fernando (Edital CNPq 014/2004 - Fomento Tecnológico), pelo período de 2005 a 2006 e posteriormente pela bolsa de Formador de Pesquisador de Mestrado, no PPGMT a partir de 11/2006. À Coordenação do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, na pessoa da coordenadora Profª. Drª Maria de Fátima. A todos os colegas e amigos do Laboratório de Artropodologia Médica e Veterinária, Laurindo Camilo, Edméia de Paula e Souza Freitas, Ly de Freitas Fernandes, Letícia Camilo, Renan Nunes, Walmirton D’Alessandro e Paula Roberta, pela ajuda nos testes e amizade. Em especial aos meus amigos, Marcella Brettas e Walfredo, pelo incentivo diário, carinho e principalmente pela amizade e companheirismo. A minha amiga Christiany pelos momentos de descontração e lazer. À minha mãe Nilma Helena e minha cunhada Eline Bertonsin, pela ajuda nas coletas de campo, por sempre me incentivarem a lutar quando me faltava coragem. Obrigado por acreditarem e me mostrarem o quanto sou capaz de conquistar meus objetivos. A todos os meus tios, tias, primos, avós e amigos que sempre estiveram ao meu lado me apoiando, dando coragem para lutar contra meus desânimos e por entenderem meu distanciamento. Saibam que se hoje estou aqui é porque vocês tiveram um papel muito importante durante toda a minha jornada neste projeto. Aos funcionários da Pós-Graduação do IPTSP, Zezinho e Kariny. A todos que de forma anônima contribuíram no apoio ao Projeto. Aos meus irmãos, Marizano Borges e Amarildo Borges e, a meu pai, Aparecido da Paz, que mesmo não entendendo o que eu estava fazendo respeitaram minha decisão, pois viram que era importante para mim. v Agradeço todas as dificuldades que enfrentei; não fosse por elas, eu não teria saído do lugar... as facilidades nos impedem de caminhar. Mesmo as críticas nos auxiliam muito.” Chico Xavier vi SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS...............................................................................................................viii LISTA DE TABELAS ................................................................................................................ix LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS.....................................................................................................x LISTA DE NOMENCLATURAS DE NOMES CIENTÍFICOS................................................xi RESUMO..................................................................................................................................xiii ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................xv 1- INTRODUÇÃO......................................................................................................................17 1.1- Origem, distribuição e importância de Rhipicephalus sanguineus..........................18 1.2- Ciclo biológico de R. sanguineus............................................................................19 1.3- Morfologia de R. sanguineus...................................................................................21 1.4- Dificuldades no controle de R. sanguineus..............................................................23 1.5- Acaricidas botânicos como nova perspectiva para o controle de R.sanguineus em outros artrópodes ............................................................................................................24 1.6- Trichila pallida........................................................................................................27 1.7- Sesamum indicum....................................................................................................28 3- OBJETIVOS...........................................................................................................................31 3.1- Objetivo geral..........................................................................................................32 3.2- Objetivos específicos...............................................................................................32 4- MATERIAL E MÉTODOS....................................................................................................33 4.1- Obtenção do extrato em hexano de T. pallida.........................................................34 4.2- Obtenção do óleo essencial de S. indicum...............................................................34 4.3- Preparo das soluções botânicas para os bioensaios.................................................35 4.4- Escolha dos solventes..............................................................................................36 4.5- Obtenção dos espécimes de R. sanguineus..............................................................36 4.6- Metodologia para verificação da bioatividade das substâncias vegetais sobre larvas de R. sanguineus..............................................................................................................37 5- ARTIGO: Potentiality of plants Trichilia pallida (Swartz, 1788) (Sapindales: Meliaceae) and Sesamum indicum (Linnaeus, 1753) (Lamiales: Pedaliaceae) in the prospection of botanical acaricides to control of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)...................................................................................................................................40 6- CONCLUSÕES ....................................................................................................................71 7- REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS...................................................................................73 vii 8- ANEXOS................................................................................................................................83 8.1 – Roteiro para preparação de Dissertação de Mestrado e Tese de Doutorado no PPGMT...........................................................................................................................84 8.2 – Normas adotadas pelo Periódico Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz...............86 8.3 - Normas para publicação no periódico científico internacional Journal of Medical Entomology.....................................................................................................................90 viii LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURAS DA DISSERTAÇÃO Figura 1. Ciclo biológico do Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Fonte: <http://www.icb.ufmg.br/biq/ prodap/2001/ixodidae/Rhipicephalus.html> de autoria do Prof. Dr. Fernando de Freitas Fernandes, Prodap/ICB/UFMG. Acesso em: 25 de março de 2007.........................................20 Figura 2. Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Ventre (A) e Dorso (B) do macho. Observar base do capítulo hexagonal, peritrema em forma de
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