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Feasibility Assessment for a World Heritage Nomination of the Colchic Forests and Wetlands Under the Natural Criteria

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Feasibility Assessment for a World Heritage Nomination of the Colchic Forests and Wetlands Under the Natural Criteria Feasibility assessment for a World Heritage nomination of the Colchic Forests and Wetlands under the natural criteria Scoping and Feasibility Study 16 June 2017 Tobias Garstecki, Ketevan Batsatsashvili, Stephan Busse, Archil Guchmanidze, Davit Kharazishvili, Hans Dieter Knapp, Matthias Krebs, Izolda Machutadze, Zurab Manvelidze, Nino Memiadze, Levan Mumladze, Ioseb Natradze, Marianna Nitusova, Giorgi Rajebashvili, David Tarkhnishvili Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Background and rationale of the study ......................................................................... 9 1.2 Goal, purpose and objectives ..................................................................................... 10 1.3 Overview over the wider Colchic area ........................................................................ 12 1.4 Geographical scope of the study ................................................................................ 12 1.5 Screening of IUCN thematic studies .......................................................................... 13 2 Study methodology ....................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Field visit .................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 National consultation and planning workshop ............................................................ 14 2.3 Literature review and expert interviews ...................................................................... 14 2.4 Mapping and geographical analysis ........................................................................... 14 3 Identification of the proposed property .......................................................................... 15 4 Description of the proposed property and its component parts ...................................... 22 4.1 General setting .......................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Biogeographic context ........................................................................................ 22 4.1.2 Climate ............................................................................................................... 24 4.1.3 Geological and ecological history ........................................................................ 24 4.2 Landscapes and ecosystems ..................................................................................... 26 4.2.1 Classification and current distribution of forest landscapes and ecosystems ....... 26 4.2.2 Classification and current distribution of wetland habitats and ecosystems ......... 29 4.2.3 Landscape complexity and ecosystem diversity .................................................. 41 4.3 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................ 43 4.3.1 Species richness and composition of flora and fauna ......................................... 43 4.3.2 Importance of the series for globally threatened species ..................................... 46 4.3.3 Importance of the series for restricted range species .......................................... 52 4.3.4 Importance of the series for glacial relict species and ongoing evolution ............ 53 4.3.5 Important phenomena related to the biodiversity of the series ............................ 56 5 Potential justification for inscription ............................................................................... 57 5.1 Identification of WH criteria ........................................................................................ 57 5.2 Potential OUV ............................................................................................................ 57 5.2.1 Arguments and attributes for the use of WH criterion ix ...................................... 57 5.2.2 Arguments and attributes for the use of WH criterion x ....................................... 60 2 5.3 Global comparative analysis ...................................................................................... 62 5.3.1 Comparative analysis for WH criterion ix, Attributes 1 and 2 ............................... 63 5.3.2 Comparative analysis for WH criterion ix, Attribute 3 .......................................... 64 5.3.3 Comparative analysis for WH criterion x, all attributes ........................................ 67 6 Integrity, state of conservation and factors affecting the proposed property .................. 69 6.1 Integrity of the proposed property in relation to WH criterion ix .................................. 69 6.1.1 Completeness of features for World Heritage criterion ix .................................... 69 6.1.2 Adequate size for World Heritage criterion ix ...................................................... 70 6.2 Integrity of the proposed property in relation to WH criterion x ................................... 71 6.2.1 Completeness of features for World Heritage criterion x ..................................... 71 6.2.2 Adequate size for World Heritage criterion x ....................................................... 72 6.3 Threats to landscapes, ecosystems and biodiversity ................................................. 73 7 Management of the proposed property ......................................................................... 87 7.1 Legal protection status ............................................................................................... 87 7.1.1 National PA categories and zones of the component parts ................................. 88 7.1.2 Compliance of national PA categories with IUCN PA definition and categories ... 89 7.2 Boundaries and buffer zones ..................................................................................... 89 7.2.1 Boundaries ......................................................................................................... 89 7.2.2 Buffer zones ....................................................................................................... 90 7.3 Protection and management system .......................................................................... 91 7.3.1 Institutional setup ................................................................................................ 91 7.3.2 Stakeholder participation and shared understanding of the proposed property ... 91 7.3.3 Management plans of component parts and their implementation ...................... 92 7.3.4 Management resources and capacity ................................................................. 94 7.3.5 Ongoing initiatives to develop management capacity .......................................... 95 7.3.6 Monitoring of the component parts ...................................................................... 96 7.4 Feasibility and options for co-ordinated management of the entire series .................. 96 8 Questions to be answered during nomination process .................................................. 99 8.1 Questions on values, OUV justification and comparative analysis.............................. 99 8.2 Questions on management and integrity .................................................................... 99 8.3 Questions on nomination practicalities ..................................................................... 100 9 Overall conclusions and recommendations ................................................................. 101 9.1 Suggested choice of World Heritage criteria for potential future nomination ............. 101 9.2 Justification of serial approach ................................................................................. 101 9.2.1 Functional linkages and complementarity of proposed component areas ......... 101 9.2.2 Manageability ................................................................................................... 103 3 9.3 Alternative options for the spatial configuration of a serial nomination ..................... 103 9.3.1 Potential integrity and management constraints of spatial configuration ........... 104 9.3.2 Alternative options for the spatial configuration of the property ......................... 105 9.4 Likelihood and preconditions of a successful nomination ......................................... 110 9.5 Future extension potential of the series ................................................................... 110 References ........................................................................................................................ 113 Appendices and electronic supplements ............................................................................ 128 4 Acronyms and Abbreviations a.s.l. above sea level APA Agency of Protected Areas of Georgia BKNP Borjomi-Kharagauli National Park CauPO Caucasus Programme Office (of ->WWF) CC Climate change CR Critically endangered (a Red List category) EN Endangered (a Red List category) EU European Union EUR Euro(s) GEL Georgian Lari(s) IUCN International Union for the Conservation of Nature KfW German Development Bank (Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau) MENRP Ministry of Environment and Natural
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