DOCSLIB.ORG

Description - What Is the Pattern? Than with Those of Other Continents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Description - What Is the Pattern? Than with Those of Other Continents since the Age of Exploration began, the geographical pattern of life's kinds it has become progressively clearer that is not haphazard or random... different parts of the world support in general, continental biotas are uniform, greatly different assemblages of organisms yet distinct from others, sometimes greatly so two aspects to this matter: elements of a given biota tend to be more closely-related among themselves Description - what is the pattern? than with those of other continents Analysis - how did the pattern arise? Wallace described this in his global system of http://publish.uwo.ca/~handford/zoog1.html Zoogeographical Realms 15 1 15 Zoogeographical Realms 2 Wallace's Realms almost..... Nearctic Realm Gaviidae - Loon this realm has no endemic bird families. But Loons are endemic Antilocapridae to Holarctic Realm = Pronghorn Nearctic + Palearctic 15 .........correspond to continents 3 15 4 Palearctic Realm Neotropical Realm this realm is truly the "bird-realm" a great number of among the many families are endemic endemic families including tinamous are anteaters and and toucans cavies panda 15 grouse 5 15 6 1 Ethiopian Realm Oriental Realm gibbon leafbird aardvark 15 lemur ostrich 7 15 8 Australasian Realm so continental biotas are distinct; Monotremes - but they are not equally distinct egg-laying mammals 79 families of terrestrial mammals RE GIONS! near.! neotr. palæar. ethio. orien. austr. nearctic! ! ! 4! ! ! ! 51/79! = 73% endemic neotropical! ! 6! 15!! ! ! to realms platypus palæarctic! ! 5! 2! 1! ! ! ethiopean! ! 0! 0! 11 16!! oriental! ! ! 1! 1! 10 12! 5! cockatoos australian! ! 0! 0! 0 0! 0! 10 echidna wallabies & kangaroos - marsupials TOTALS! ! 14! 22! 19 31! 20! 10 15 9 15 68% 52% 10 how do we explain these patterns of today's organisms are all descendants of endemism and sharing of regional biotas? lineages which have UNIQUE ORIGINS UNIQUE IN TIME & SPACE life and the planet both have A VERY LONG HISTORY time/space coincidences of group origins during which they have both changed influence today's distribution of groups but after group's origination, as life has changed and diversified GEOGRAPHY CHANGES so the earth's surface has provided changing opportunities for colonization - isolation disappearance sometimes restricted, sometimes broad connection break-up 15 11 15 12 2 CONTINENTAL DRIFT 370 - land plants 270 - Pangea as land-masses skate about, separating & colliding, biotic lineages are evolving where you originate and what happens to where you originate profoundly affects your future prospects distribution is a dynamic phenomenon, shifting with time & circumstance 15 13 30015 - amphibians 200 - mammals start14 150 - dino-time 60 - mammals & birds Glacial Maximum - 18K y.a. another kind of impact on distributions laurasia gondwanalan d 11005 - dino-peak 10 - cooling & drying15 15 16 several reptile & amphibian lineages fundamentals of distribution are ∴ provided by evolved before the split-up of Pangea; deep history of continents & biota they ∴ show little regional endemism as they change but most bird & mammal divergence took place during Cenozoic but also relevant are organisms' capacities for (well after the break-up) dispersal, migration and nature of barriers "perceived" barriers: therefore these groups show clearest patterns mountain ranges deserts oceans most distinctive = most isolated migrations can blur "homeland" patterns 15 (during key periods) 17 15 18 3 a biogeographic puzzle - solved NEXT CLASS Global Climate, Productivity & Soils 15 19 15 20 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • What Is a Tree in the Mediterranean Basin Hotspot? a Critical Analysis
    Médail et al. Forest Ecosystems (2019) 6:17 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-019-0170-6 RESEARCH Open Access What is a tree in the Mediterranean Basin hotspot? A critical analysis Frédéric Médail1* , Anne-Christine Monnet1, Daniel Pavon1, Toni Nikolic2, Panayotis Dimopoulos3, Gianluigi Bacchetta4, Juan Arroyo5, Zoltán Barina6, Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh7, Gianniantonio Domina8, Bruno Fady9, Vlado Matevski10, Stephen Mifsud11 and Agathe Leriche1 Abstract Background: Tree species represent 20% of the vascular plant species worldwide and they play a crucial role in the global functioning of the biosphere. The Mediterranean Basin is one of the 36 world biodiversity hotspots, and it is estimated that forests covered 82% of the landscape before the first human impacts, thousands of years ago. However, the spatial distribution of the Mediterranean biodiversity is still imperfectly known, and a focus on tree species constitutes a key issue for understanding forest functioning and develop conservation strategies. Methods: We provide the first comprehensive checklist of all native tree taxa (species and subspecies) present in the Mediterranean-European region (from Portugal to Cyprus). We identified some cases of woody species difficult to categorize as trees that we further called “cryptic trees”. We collected the occurrences of tree taxa by “administrative regions”, i.e. country or large island, and by biogeographical provinces. We studied the species-area relationship, and evaluated the conservation issues for threatened taxa following IUCN criteria. Results: We identified 245 tree taxa that included 210 species and 35 subspecies, belonging to 33 families and 64 genera. It included 46 endemic tree taxa (30 species and 16 subspecies), mainly distributed within a single biogeographical unit.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Patterns of Postglacial Changes in the Palearctic
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Regional patterns of postglacial changes in the Palearctic mammalian diversity indicate Received: 14 November 2014 Accepted: 06 July 2015 retreat to Siberian steppes rather Published: 06 August 2015 than extinction Věra Pavelková Řičánková, Jan Robovský, Jan Riegert & Jan Zrzavý We examined the presence of possible Recent refugia of Pleistocene mammalian faunas in Eurasia by analysing regional differences in the mammalian species composition, occurrence and extinction rates between Recent and Last Glacial faunas. Our analyses revealed that most of the widespread Last Glacial species have survived in the central Palearctic continental regions, most prominently in Altai–Sayan (followed by Kazakhstan and East European Plain). The Recent Altai–Sayan and Kazakhstan regions show species compositions very similar to their Pleistocene counterparts. The Palearctic regions have lost 12% of their mammalian species during the last 109,000 years. The major patterns of the postglacial changes in Palearctic mammalian diversity were not extinctions but rather radical shifts of species distribution ranges. Most of the Pleistocene mammalian fauna retreated eastwards, to the central Eurasian steppes, instead of northwards to the Arctic regions, considered Holocene refugia of Pleistocene megafauna. The central Eurasian Altai and Sayan mountains could thus be considered a present-day refugium of the Last Glacial biota, including mammals. Last Glacial landscape supported a unique mix of large species, now extinct or living in non-overlapping biomes, including rhino, bison, lion, reindeer, horse, muskox and mammoth1. The so called “mammoth steppe”2–4 community thrived for approximately 100,000 years without major changes, and then became extinct by the end of Pleistocene, around 12,000 years BP5,6.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Mollusks of Attu, Aleutian Islands, Alaska BARRY ROTH’ and DAVID R
    ARCTK: VOL. 34, NO. 1 (MARCH 1981), P. 43-47 Terrestrial Mollusks of Attu, Aleutian Islands, Alaska BARRY ROTH’ and DAVID R. LINDBERG’ ABSTRACT. Seven species of land mollusk (2 slugs, 5 snails) were collected on Attu in July 1979. Three are circumboreal species, two are amphi-arctic (Palearctic and Nearctic but not circumboreal), and two are Nearctic. Barring chance survival of mollusks in local refugia, the fauna was assembled overwater since deglaciation, perhaps within the last 10 OOO years. Mollusk faunas from Kamchatka to southeastern Alaska all have a Holarctic component. A Palearctic component present on Kamchatka and the Commander Islands is absent from the Aleutians, which have a Nearctic component that diminishes westward. This pattern is similar to that of other soil-dwelling invertebrate groups. RESUM& Sept espbces de mollusques terrestres (2 limaces et 5 escargots) furent prklevkes sur I’ile d’Attu en juillet 1979. Trois sont des espbces circomborkales, deux amphi-arctiques (Palkarctiques et Nkarctiques mais non circomborkales), et deux Nkarctiques. Si I’on excepte la survivance de mollusques due auhasard dans des refuges locaux, cette faune s’est retrouvke de part et d’autre des eauxdepuis la dkglaciation, peut-&re depuis les derniers 10 OOO ans. Les faunes de mollusques de la pkninsule de Kamchatkajusqu’au sud-est de 1’Alaska on toutes une composante Holarctique. Une composante Palkarctique prksente sur leKamchatka et les iles Commandeur ne se retrouve pas aux Alkoutiennes, oil la composante Nkarctique diminue vers I’ouest. Ce patron est similaire il celui de d’autres groupes d’invertkbrks terrestres . Traduit par Jean-Guy Brossard, Laboratoire d’ArchCologie de I’Universitk du Qukbec il Montrkal.
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation of the Influence of Environment
    Journal of Biogeography (J. Biogeogr.) (2006) 33, 291–303 ORIGINAL An evaluation of the influence ARTICLE of environment and biogeography on community structure: the case of Holarctic mammals J. Rodrı´guez1*, J. Hortal1,2 and M. Nieto1,3 1Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, ABSTRACT Madrid, Spain, 2Departamento de Cieˆncias Aim To evaluate the influence of environment and biogeographical region, as a Agra´rias, Universidade dos Ac¸ores, Ac¸ores, Portugal and 3Instituto de Neurobiologı´a proxy for historical influence, on the ecological structure of Holarctic Ramo´n y Cajal (CSIC), Madrid, Spain communities from similar environments. It is assumed that similarities among communities from similar environments in different realms are the result of convergence, whereas their differences are interpreted as being due to different historical processes. Location Holarctic realm, North America and Eurasia above 25° N. Methods Checklists of mammalian species occurring in 96 Holarctic localities were collected from published sources. Species were assigned to one of 20 functional groups defined by diet, body size and three-dimensional use of space. The matrix composed of the frequencies of functional groups in the 96 localities is used as input data in a correspondence analysis (CA). The localities are classified into nine groups according to Bailey’s ecoregions (used as a surrogate of regional climate), and the positions of the communities in the dimensions of the CA are compared in relation to ecoregion and realm. Partial regression was used to test for the relative influence of ecoregion and realm over each dimension and to evaluate the effect of biogeographical realm on the variation in the factor scores of the communities of the same ecoregion.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update of Wallacels Zoogeographic Regions of the World
    REPORTS To examine the temporal profile of ChC produc- specification of a distinct, and probably the last, 3. G. A. Ascoli et al., Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 9, 557 (2008). tion and their correlation to laminar deployment, cohort in this lineage—the ChCs. 4. J. Szentágothai, M. A. Arbib, Neurosci. Res. Program Bull. 12, 305 (1974). we injected a single pulse of BrdU into pregnant A recent study demonstrated that progeni- CreER 5. P. Somogyi, Brain Res. 136, 345 (1977). Nkx2.1 ;Ai9 females at successive days be- tors below the ventral wall of the lateral ventricle 6. L. Sussel, O. Marin, S. Kimura, J. L. Rubenstein, tween E15 and P1 to label mitotic progenitors, (i.e., VGZ) of human infants give rise to a medial Development 126, 3359 (1999). each paired with a pulse of tamoxifen at E17 to migratory stream destined to the ventral mPFC 7. S. J. Butt et al., Neuron 59, 722 (2008). + 18 8. H. Taniguchi et al., Neuron 71, 995 (2011). label NKX2.1 cells (Fig. 3A). We first quanti- ( ). Despite species differences in the develop- 9. L. Madisen et al., Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133 (2010). fied the fraction of L2 ChCs (identified by mor- mental timing of corticogenesis, this study and 10. J. Szabadics et al., Science 311, 233 (2006). + phology) in mPFC that were also BrdU+. Although our findings raise the possibility that the NKX2.1 11. A. Woodruff, Q. Xu, S. A. Anderson, R. Yuste, Front. there was ChC production by E15, consistent progenitors in VGZ and their extended neurogenesis Neural Circuits 3, 15 (2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Extinction of Threatened Vertebrates Will Lead to Idiosyncratic Changes in Functional Diversity Across the World ✉ Aurele Toussaint 1 , Sébastien Brosse 2, C
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25293-0 OPEN Extinction of threatened vertebrates will lead to idiosyncratic changes in functional diversity across the world ✉ Aurele Toussaint 1 , Sébastien Brosse 2, C. Guillermo Bueno1, Meelis Pärtel 1, Riin Tamme 1 & Carlos P. Carmona 1 1234567890():,; Although species with larger body size and slow pace of life have a higher risk of extinction at a global scale, it is unclear whether this global trend will be consistent across biogeographic realms. Here we measure the functional diversity of terrestrial and freshwater vertebrates in the six terrestrial biogeographic realms and predict their future changes through scenarios mimicking a gradient of extinction risk of threatened species. We show vastly different effects of extinctions on functional diversity between taxonomic groups and realms, ranging from almost no decline to deep functional losses. The Indo-Malay and Palearctic realms are par- ticularly inclined to experience a drastic loss of functional diversity reaching 29 and 31%, respectively. Birds, mammals, and reptiles regionally display a consistent functional diversity loss, while the projected losses of amphibians and freshwater fishes differ across realms. More efficient global conservation policies should consider marked regional losses of func- tional diversity across the world. 1 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia. 2 Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, IRD, UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution et ✉ Diversité Biologique), Toulouse, France. email: [email protected] NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2021) 12:5162 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25293-0 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25293-0 he loss of global biodiversity is accelerating throughout the with different key aspects of their ecology and their life-history Tworld1 triggering the sixth mass extinction crisis2.
    [Show full text]
  • A Global Overview of Wetland and Marine Protected Areas on the World Heritage List
    A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF WETLAND AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST A Contribution to the Global Theme Study of World Heritage Natural Sites Prepared by Jim Thorsell, Renee Ferster Levy and Todd Sigaty Natural Heritage Programme lUCN Gland, Switzerland September 1997 WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE lUCN The World Conservation Union 530S2__ A GLOBAL OVERVIEW OF WETLAND AND MARINE PROTECTED AREAS ON THE WORLD HERITAGE LIST A Contribution to the Global Theme Study of Wodd Heritage Natural Sites Prepared by Jim Thorsell. Renee Ferster Levy and Todd Sigaty Natural Heritage Program lUCN Gland. Switzerland September 1997 Working Paper 1: Earth's Geological History - A Contextual Framework Assessment of World Heritage Fossil Site Nominations Working Paper 2: A Global Overview of Wetland and Marine Protected Areas on the World Heritage List Working Paper 3; A Global Overview of Forest Protected Areas on the World Heritage List Further volumes (in preparation) on biodiversity, mountains, deserts and grasslands, and geological features. Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2010 witii funding from UNEP-WCIVIC, Cambridge littp://www.arcliive.org/details/globaloverviewof97glob . 31 TABLE OF CONTE>rrS PAGE I. Executive Summary (e/f) II. Introduction 1 III. Tables & Figures Table 1 . Natural World Heritage sites with primary wetland and marine values 1 Table 2. Natural World Heritage sites with secondary wetland and marine values 12 Table 3. Natural World Heritage sites inscribed primarily for their freshwater wetland values 1 Table 4. Additional natural World Heritage sites with significant freshwater wetland values 14 Tables. Natural World Heritage sites with a coastal/marine component 15 Table 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity and Management of the Madrean Archipelago
    )I This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Errors identified by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain. A Classification System and Map of the Biotic Communities of North America David E. Brown, Frank Reichenbacher, and Susan E. Franson 1 Abstract.-Biotic communities (biomes) are regional plant and animal associations within recognizable zoogeographic and floristic provinces. Using the previous works and modified terminology of biologists, ecologists, and biogeographers, we have developed an hierarchical classification system for the world's biotic communities. In use by the Arid Ecosystems Resource Group of the Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program, the Arizona Game and Fish Department, and other Southwest agencies, this classification system is formulated on the limiting effects of moisture and temperature minima on the structure and composition of vegetation while recognizing specific plant and animal adaptations to regional environments. To illustrate the applicability of the classification system, the Environmental Protection Agency has funded the preparation of a 1: 10,000,000 color map depicting the major upland biotic communities of North America using an ecological color scheme that shows gradients in available plant moisture, heat, and cold. Digitized and computer compatible, this hierarchical system facilitates biotic inventory and assessment, the delineation and stratification of habitats, and the identification of natural areas in need of acquisition, Moreover, the various categories of the classification are statistically testable through the use of existing climatic data, and analysis of plant and animal distributions. Both the classification system and map are therefore of potential use to those interested in preserving biotic diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Diversity of Tardigrada Along Altitudinal Gradients in the Hornsund, Spitsbergen
    RESEARCH/REVIEW ARTICLE Distribution and diversity of Tardigrada along altitudinal gradients in the Hornsund, Spitsbergen (Arctic) Krzysztof Zawierucha,1 Jerzy Smykla,2,3 Łukasz Michalczyk,4 Bartłomiej Gołdyn5,6 & Łukasz Kaczmarek1,6 1 Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan´ , Umultowska 89, PL-61-614 Poznan´ , Poland 2 Department of Biodiversity, Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, PL-31-120 Krako´ w, Poland 3 Present address: Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, 601 S. College Rd., Wilmington, NC 28403, USA 4 Department of Entomology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL-30-387 Krako´ w, Poland 5 Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, A. Mickiewicz University in Poznan´ , Umultowska 89, PL-61-614 Poznan´ , Poland 6 Laboratorio de Ecologı´a Natural y Aplicada de Invertebrados, Universidad Estatal Amazo´ nica, Puyo, Ecuador Keywords Abstract Arctic; biodiversity; climate change; invertebrate ecology; Milnesium; Two transects were established and sampled along altitudinal gradients on the Tardigrada. slopes of Ariekammen (77801?N; 15831?E) and Rotjesfjellet (77800?N; 15822?E) in Hornsund, Spitsbergen. In total 59 moss, lichen, liverwort and mixed mossÁ Correspondence lichen samples were collected and 33 tardigrade species of Hetero- and Krzysztof Zawierucha, Department of Eutardigrada were found. The a diversity ranged from 1 to 8 per sample; the Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of estimated number of species based on all analysed samples was 52917 for the Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Chao 2 estimator and 41 for the incidence-based coverage estimator.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 10. Amphibians of the Palaearctic Realm
    CHAPTER 10. AMPHIBIANS OF THE PALAEARCTIC REALM Figure 1. Summary of Red List categories Brandon Anthony, J.W. Arntzen, Sherif Baha El Din, Wolfgang Böhme, Dan Palaearctic Realm contains 6% of all globally threatened amphibians. The Palaearctic accounts for amphibians in the Palaearctic Realm. CogĄlniceanu, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Pierre-André Crochet, Claudia Corti, for only 3% of CR species and 5% of the EN species, but 9% of the VU species. Hence, on the The percentage of species in each category Richard Griffiths, Yoshio Kaneko, Sergei Kuzmin, Michael Wai Neng Lau, basis of current knowledge, threatened Palaearctic amphibians are more likely to be in a lower is also given. Pipeng Li, Petros Lymberakis, Rafael Marquez, Theodore Papenfuss, Juan category of threat, when compared with the global distribution of threatened species amongst Manuel Pleguezuelos, Nasrullah Rastegar, Benedikt Schmidt, Tahar Slimani, categories. The percentage of DD species, 13% (62 species), is also much less than the global Max Sparreboom, ùsmail Uøurtaû, Yehudah Werner and Feng Xie average of 23%, which is not surprising given that parts of the region have been well surveyed. Red List Category Number of species Nevertheless, the percentage of DD species is much higher than in the Nearctic. Extinct (EX) 2 Two of the world’s 34 documented amphibian extinctions have occurred in this region: the Extinct in the Wild (EW) 0 THE GEOGRAPHIC AND HUMAN CONTEXT Hula Painted Frog Discoglossus nigriventer from Israel and the Yunnan Lake Newt Cynops Critically Endangered (CR) 13 wolterstorffi from around Kunming Lake in Yunnan Province, China. In addition, one Critically Endangered (EN) 40 The Palaearctic Realm includes northern Africa, all of Europe, and much of Asia, excluding Endangered species in the Palaearctic Realm is considered possibly extinct, Scutiger macu- Vulnerable (VU) 58 the southern extremities of the Arabian Peninsula, the Indian Subcontinent (south of the latus from central China.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Flexibility of Brown Bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska
    Ecological flexibility of brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska Lawrence J. Van Daele1,4, Victor G. Barnes, Jr.2, and Jerrold L. Belant3 1Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 211 Mission Road, Kodiak, AK 99615, USA 2PO Box 1546, Westcliffe, CO 81252, USA 3Carnivore Ecology Laboratory, Forest and Wildlife Research Center, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA Abstract: Brown bears (Ursus arctos) are a long-lived and widely distributed species that occupy diverse habitats, suggesting ecological flexibility. Although inferred for numerous species, ecological flexibility has rarely been empirically tested against biological outcomes from varying resource use. Ecological flexibility assumes species adaptability and long-term persistence across a wide range of environmental conditions. We investigated variation in population-level, coarse- scale resource use metrics (i.e., habitat, space, and food abundance) in relation to indices of fitness (i.e., reproduction and recruitment) for brown bears on Kodiak Island, Alaska, 1982–97. We captured and radiocollared 143 females in 4 spatially-distinct segments of this geographically-closed population, and obtained .30 relocations/individual to estimate multi- annual home range and habitat use. We suggest that space use, as indexed using 95% fixed kernel home ranges, varied among study areas in response to the disparate distribution and abundance of food resources. Similarly, habitat use differed among study areas, likely a consequence of site-specific habitat and food (e.g. berries) availability. Mean annual abundance and biomass of spawning salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) varied .15-fold among study areas. Although bear use of habitat and space varied considerably, as did availability of dominant foods, measures of fitness were similar (range of mean litter sizes 5 2.3–2.5; range of mean number of young weaned 5 2.0–2.4) across study areas and a broad range of resource conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Science Evaluation of the Reptilian Fauna in Amasya Province, Turkey with New Locality Records
    Research Article GU J Sci 31(4): 1007-1020 (2018) Gazi University Journal of Science http://dergipark.gov.tr/gujs Evaluation of The Reptilian Fauna in Amasya Province, Turkey with New Locality Records Mehmet Kursat SAHIN1,2, *, Murat AFSAR3 1Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 06800, Ankara, Turkey 2Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Kamil Ozdag Science Faculty, Biology Departmet, Karaman, Turkey 3Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department, Manisa, Turkey Article Info Abstract The present study investigated the reptilian fauna in Amasya Province, Turkey. Reptile species Received: 14/01/2018 were identified from collections made during field studies or recorded in literature, with some Accepted: 18/06/2018 new locality records obtained. Field studies were undertaken over two consecutive years (2016 and 2017). Two lacertid species, one skink species, two colubrid species and one viper species were officially recorded for the first time or their information was updated. In addition to Keywords species locality records, chorotypical and habitat selection were also assessed and the Viper International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species criteria Reptilia included. Data on the distribution and locality information for each taxon is also provided. Our Fauna findings demonstrate that Amasya might be an ecotone zone between the Mediterranean, Chorotype Caucasian, and European ecosystems. Although there are some concerns for the sustainable Eunis dynamics of reptilian fauna, relatively rich and different European nature information system habitat types provide basic survival conditions for reptilian fauna in the province. 1. INTRODUCTION Turkey is the only country that almost entirely includes three of the world’s 34 biodiversity hotspots: the Caucasus, Irano-Anatolian, and Mediterranean [1].
    [Show full text]