The Role of Nuclear Power and Nuclear Propulsion in the Peaceful
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Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the US
Spent Nuclear Fuel Pools in the U.S.: Reducing the Deadly Risks of Storage front cover WITH SUPPORT FROM: WITH SUPPORT FROM: By Robert Alvarez 1112 16th St. NW, Suite 600, Washington DC 20036 - www.ips-dc.org May 2011 About the Author Robert Alvarez, an Institute for Policy Studies senior scholar, served as a Senior Policy Advisor to the Secre- tary of Energy during the Clinton administration. Institute for Policy Studies (IPS-DC.org) is a community of public scholars and organizers linking peace, justice, and the environment in the U.S. and globally. We work with social movements to promote true democracy and challenge concentrated wealth, corporate influence, and military power. Project On Government Oversight (POGO.org) was founded in 1981 as an independent nonprofit that investigates and exposes corruption and other misconduct in order to achieve a more effective, accountable, open, and ethical federal government. Institute for Policy Studies 1112 16th St. NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 http://www.ips-dc.org © 2011 Institute for Policy Studies [email protected] For additional copies of this report, see www.ips-dc.org Table of Contents Summary ...............................................................................................................................1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................4 Figure 1: Explosion Sequence at Reactor No. 3 ........................................................4 Figure 2: Reactor No. 3 -
Mission to Jupiter
This book attempts to convey the creativity, Project A History of the Galileo Jupiter: To Mission The Galileo mission to Jupiter explored leadership, and vision that were necessary for the an exciting new frontier, had a major impact mission’s success. It is a book about dedicated people on planetary science, and provided invaluable and their scientific and engineering achievements. lessons for the design of spacecraft. This The Galileo mission faced many significant problems. mission amassed so many scientific firsts and Some of the most brilliant accomplishments and key discoveries that it can truly be called one of “work-arounds” of the Galileo staff occurred the most impressive feats of exploration of the precisely when these challenges arose. Throughout 20th century. In the words of John Casani, the the mission, engineers and scientists found ways to original project manager of the mission, “Galileo keep the spacecraft operational from a distance of was a way of demonstrating . just what U.S. nearly half a billion miles, enabling one of the most technology was capable of doing.” An engineer impressive voyages of scientific discovery. on the Galileo team expressed more personal * * * * * sentiments when she said, “I had never been a Michael Meltzer is an environmental part of something with such great scope . To scientist who has been writing about science know that the whole world was watching and and technology for nearly 30 years. His books hoping with us that this would work. We were and articles have investigated topics that include doing something for all mankind.” designing solar houses, preventing pollution in When Galileo lifted off from Kennedy electroplating shops, catching salmon with sonar and Space Center on 18 October 1989, it began an radar, and developing a sensor for examining Space interplanetary voyage that took it to Venus, to Michael Meltzer Michael Shuttle engines. -
SATELLITES at WORK Space in the Seventies
SaLf ILMITRATBONS REPROMhdONkp N BLACK ANd WHiT? SATELLITES AT WORK Space in the Seventies 4 (SPACE IN N72-13 8 6 6 (NASA-EP-8 ) SATELLITES AT WORK THE SEVENTIES) W.R. Corliss (NASA) Jun. 1971 29 p CSCL 22B Unclas Reproduced by G3/31 11470 NATIONAL TECHNICAL u. INFORMATION SERVICE U S Department of Commerce Springfield VA 22151 J National Aeronautics and Space Administration SPACE IN THE SEVENTIES Man has walked on the Moon, made scientific observations there, and brought back to Earth samples of the lunar surface. Unmanned scientific spacecraft have probed for facts about matter, radiation and magnetism in space, and have collected data relating to the Moon, Venus, Mars, the Sun and some of the stars, and reported their findings to ground stations on Earth. Spacecraft have been put into orbit around the Earth as weather observation stations, as communications relay stations for a world-wide telephone and television network, and as aids to navigation. In addition, the space program has accelerated the advance of technology for science and industry, contributing many new ideas, processes and materials. All this took place in the decade of the Sixties. What next? What may be expected of space exploration in the Seventies? NASA has prepared a series of publications and motion pictures to provide a look forward to SPACE IN THE SEVENTIES. The topics covered in this series include: Earth orbital science; planetary exploration; practical applications of satellites; technology utilization; man in space; and aeronautics. SPACE IN THE SEVENTIES presents the planned programs of NASA for the coming decade. -
Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE for RESEARCH in ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
2015 Annual Report COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2015 annual report University of Colorado Boulder UCB 216 Boulder, CO 80309-0216 COOPERATIVE INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES University of Colorado Boulder 216 UCB Boulder, CO 80309-0216 303-492-1143 [email protected] http://cires.colorado.edu CIRES Director Waleed Abdalati Annual Report Staff Katy Human, Director of Communications, Editor Susan Lynds and Karin Vergoth, Editing Robin L. Strelow, Designer Agreement No. NA12OAR4320137 Cover photo: Mt. Cook in the Southern Alps, West Coast of New Zealand’s South Island Birgit Hassler, CIRES/NOAA table of contents Executive summary & research highlights 2 project reports 82 From the Director 2 Air Quality in a Changing Climate 83 CIRES: Science in Service to Society 3 Climate Forcing, Feedbacks, and Analysis 86 This is CIRES 6 Earth System Dynamics, Variability, and Change 94 Organization 7 Management and Exploitation of Geophysical Data 105 Council of Fellows 8 Regional Sciences and Applications 115 Governance 9 Scientific Outreach and Education 117 Finance 10 Space Weather Understanding and Prediction 120 Active NOAA Awards 11 Stratospheric Processes and Trends 124 Systems and Prediction Models Development 129 People & Programs 14 CIRES Starts with People 14 Appendices 136 Fellows 15 Table of Contents 136 CIRES Centers 50 Publications by the Numbers 136 Center for Limnology 50 Publications 137 Center for Science and Technology -
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category
小型飛翔体/海外 [Format 2] Technical Catalog Category Airborne contamination sensor Title Depth Evaluation of Entrained Products (DEEP) Proposed by Create Technologies Ltd & Costain Group PLC 1.DEEP is a sensor analysis software for analysing contamination. DEEP can distinguish between surface contamination and internal / absorbed contamination. The software measures contamination depth by analysing distortions in the gamma spectrum. The method can be applied to data gathered using any spectrometer. Because DEEP provides a means of discriminating surface contamination from other radiation sources, DEEP can be used to provide an estimate of surface contamination without physical sampling. DEEP is a real-time method which enables the user to generate a large number of rapid contamination assessments- this data is complementary to physical samples, providing a sound basis for extrapolation from point samples. It also helps identify anomalies enabling targeted sampling startegies. DEEP is compatible with small airborne spectrometer/ processor combinations, such as that proposed by the ARM-U project – please refer to the ARM-U proposal for more details of the air vehicle. Figure 1: DEEP system core components are small, light, low power and can be integrated via USB, serial or Ethernet interfaces. 小型飛翔体/海外 Figure 2: DEEP prototype software 2.Past experience (plants in Japan, overseas plant, applications in other industries, etc) Create technologies is a specialist R&D firm with a focus on imaging and sensing in the nuclear industry. Createc has developed and delivered several novel nuclear technologies, including the N-Visage gamma camera system. Costainis a leading UK construction and civil engineering firm with almost 150 years of history. -
JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. -
Nuclear Energy: Fission and Fusion
CHAPTER 5 NUCLEAR ENERGY: FISSION AND FUSION Many of the technologies that will help us to meet the new air quality standards in America can also help to address climate change. President Bill Clinton 1 Two distinct processes involving the nuclei of atoms can be harnessed, in principle, for energy production: fission—the splitting of a nucleus—and fusion—the joining together of two nuclei. For any given mass or volume of fuel, nuclear processes generate more energy than can be produced through any other fuel-based approach. Another attractive feature of these energy-producing reactions is that they do not produce greenhouse gases (GHG) or other forms of air pollution directly. In the case of nuclear fission—a mature though controversial energy technology—electricity is generated from the energy released when heavy nuclei break apart. In the case of nuclear fusion, much work remains in the quest to sustain the fusion reactions and then to design and build practical fusion power plants. Fusion’s fuel is abundant, namely, light atoms such as the isotopes of hydrogen, and essentially limitless. The most optimistic timetable for fusion development is half a century, because of the extraordinary scientific and engineering challenges involved, but fusion’s benefits are so globally attractive that fusion R&D is an important component of today’s energy R&D portfolio internationally. Fission power currently provides about 17 percent of the world’s electric power. As of December 1996, 442 nuclear power reactors were operating in 30 countries, and 36 more plants were under construction. If fossil plants were used to produce the amount of electricity generated by these nuclear plants, more than an additional 300 million metric tons of carbon would be emitted each year. -
Information Summaries
TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical -
Exploration of the Moon
Exploration of the Moon The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made an impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959. Prior to that the only available means of exploration had been observation from Earth. The invention of the optical telescope brought about the first leap in the quality of lunar observations. Galileo Galilei is generally credited as the first person to use a telescope for astronomical purposes; having made his own telescope in 1609, the mountains and craters on the lunar surface were among his first observations using it. NASA's Apollo program was the first, and to date only, mission to successfully land humans on the Moon, which it did six times. The first landing took place in 1969, when astronauts placed scientific instruments and returnedlunar samples to Earth. Apollo 12 Lunar Module Intrepid prepares to descend towards the surface of the Moon. NASA photo. Contents Early history Space race Recent exploration Plans Past and future lunar missions See also References External links Early history The ancient Greek philosopher Anaxagoras (d. 428 BC) reasoned that the Sun and Moon were both giant spherical rocks, and that the latter reflected the light of the former. His non-religious view of the heavens was one cause for his imprisonment and eventual exile.[1] In his little book On the Face in the Moon's Orb, Plutarch suggested that the Moon had deep recesses in which the light of the Sun did not reach and that the spots are nothing but the shadows of rivers or deep chasms. -
Worry Over Mistreating Clots Drove Push to Pause J&J Shot
P2JW109000-6-A00100-17FFFF5178F ****** MONDAY,APRIL 19,2021~VOL. CCLXXVII NO.90 WSJ.com HHHH $4.00 Last week: DJIA 34200.67 À 400.07 1.2% NASDAQ 14052.34 À 1.1% STOXX 600 442.49 À 1.2% 10-YR. TREASURY À 27/32 , yield 1.571% OIL $63.13 À $3.81 EURO $1.1982 YEN 108.81 Bull Run What’s News In Stocks Widens, Business&Finance Signaling More stocks have been propelling the U.S. market higher lately,asignal that fur- Strength ther gains could be ahead, but howsmooth the climb might be remains up fordebate. A1 Technical indicators WeWork’s plan to list suggestmoregains, stock by merging with a but some question how blank-check company has echoes of its approach in smooth theywill be 2019,when the shared-office provider’s IPO imploded. A1 BY CAITLIN MCCABE Citigroup plans to scale up its services to wealthy GES Agreater number of stocks entrepreneurs and their IMA have been propelling the U.S. businesses in Asia as the market higher lately,asignal bank refocuses its opera- GETTY that—if historyisany indica- tions in the region. B1 SE/ tor—moregains could be ahead. What remains up forde- A Maryland hotel mag- bate, however, is how smooth natebehind an 11th-hour bid ANCE-PRES FR the climb will be. to acquireTribune Publish- Indicatorsthat point to a ing is working to find new ENCE stronger and moreresilient financing and partnership AG stock market have been hitting options after his partner ON/ LL rare milestones recently as the withdrew from the deal. -
Fuel Geometry Options for a Moderated Low-Enriched Uranium Kilowatt-Class Space Nuclear Reactor T ⁎ Leonardo De Holanda Mencarinia,B,Jeffrey C
Nuclear Engineering and Design 340 (2018) 122–132 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Nuclear Engineering and Design journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/nucengdes Fuel geometry options for a moderated low-enriched uranium kilowatt-class space nuclear reactor T ⁎ Leonardo de Holanda Mencarinia,b,Jeffrey C. Kinga, a Nuclear Science and Engineering Program, Colorado School of Mines (CSM), 1500 Illinois St, Hill Hall, 80401 Golden, CO, USA b Subdivisão de Dados Nucleares - Instituto de Estudos Avançados (IEAv), Trevo Coronel Aviador José Alberto Albano do Amarante, n 1, 12228-001 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil ABSTRACT A LEU-fueled space reactor would avoid the security concerns inherent with Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU) fuel and could be attractive to signatory countries of the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) or commercial interests. The HEU-fueled Kilowatt Reactor Using Stirling Technology (KRUSTY) serves as a basis for a similar reactor fueled with LEU fuel. Based on MCNP6™ neutronics performance estimates, the size of a 5 kWe reactor fueled with 19.75 wt% enriched uranium-10 wt% molybdenum alloy fuel is adjusted to match the excess reactivity of KRUSTY. Then, zirconium hydride moderator is added to the core in four different configurations (a homogeneous fuel/moderator mixture and spherical, disc, and helical fuel geometries) to reduce the mass of uranium required to produce the same excess reactivity, decreasing the size of the reactor. The lowest mass reactor with a given moderator represents a balance between the reflector thickness and core diameter needed to maintain the multiplication factor equal to 1.035, with a H/D ratio of 1.81. -
NETS 2020 Template
بÀƵƧǘȁǞƧƊǶ §ȲȌǐȲƊǿ ƊƧDzɈȌɈǘƵwȌȌȁƊȁƮȌȁ ɈȌwƊȲȺɈǘȲȌɐǐǘƊƮɨƊȁƧǞȁǐ خȁɐƧǶƵƊȲɈƵƧǘȁȌǶȌǐǞƵȺƊȁƮ ǞȁȁȌɨƊɈǞȌȁ ǞȺ ȺȯȌȁȺȌȲƵƮ Ʀɯ ɈǘƵ ƊDz ªǞƮǐƵ yƊɈǞȌȁƊǶ ׁׂ׀ׂ y0À² ÀǘǞȺ ƧȌȁǏƵȲƵȁƧƵ خׁׂ׀ׂ ةɈǘ׀׃ƊȁƮ ɩǞǶǶƦƵ ǘƵǶƮ ǏȲȌǿȯȲǞǶ ׂ׆ɈǘٌةmƊƦȌȲƊɈȌȲɯ ɩǞǶǶ ƦƵ ǘƵǶƮ ɨǞȲɈɐƊǶǶɯ ȺȌ ɈǘƊɈ ɈǘƵ ƵȁɈǞȲƵ y0À² خƧȌǿǿɐȁǞɈɯǿƊɯȯƊȲɈǞƧǞȯƊɈƵǞȁɈǘǞȺƵɮƧǞɈǞȁǐǿƵƵɈǞȁǐ ǐȌɨخȌȲȁǶخخׁׂ׀ȁƵɈȺׂششبǘɈɈȯȺ Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space Sponsored by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, April 26th-30th, 2021. Available online at https://nets2021.ornl.gov Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................................... 1 Thanks to the NETS2021 Sponsors! ...................................................................................................................... 2 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2021 – Schedule at a Glance ................................................. 3 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2021 – Technical Sessions and Panels By Track ............... 6 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2021 – Lightning Talk Final Program ................................... 8 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2021 – Track 1 Final Program ............................................. 11 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2021 – Track 2 Final Program ............................................. 14 Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space 2021 – Track 3 Final Program ............................................. 18