Hydrogen gets things moving 5 HYDROGEN – CLEAN ENERGY 7 THE MISSING LINK OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION 9 HYDROGEN – A PROVEN SOLUTION 11 FOCUS: INFRASTRUCTURE FOR GERMANY 13 THE INTERNATIONAL ROLL-OUT 14 AIR LIQUIDE H2 STATIONS – A WORLDWIDE PRESENCE 2 3 Number one in the Hydrogen periodic table Clean energy Hydrogen (H2) is element number one in the periodic table, Air Liquide is actively involved in setting up a hydrogen and for a good reason: In our universe, no other element is industry and allowing the widespread use of hydrogen as as plentiful as hydrogen. a clean energy. As the world leader in gases, technologies and services for Industry and Health, Air Liquide has built On Earth, hydrogen always exists in chemical compounds up unique expertise in managing the entire hydrogen such as water, hydrocarbons and other organic com- chain, covering not only production, distribution, and pounds, from which it can be extracted using energy. high-pressure storage but also hydrogen refuelling Hydrogen is a very light gas, which quickly mixes with the stations. surrounding air. The world of energy is in the midst of deep change and Used in the fuel cell, hydrogen combines with oxygen hydrogen is one of the solutions that offer a response to from the air to produce electricity, with water as the only the challenges of clean transportation: reducing green- byproduct. Hydrogen can be produced from a various house gases, pollution in our cities and dependency on range of energy sources, in particular from renewable oil-based fuels. ones. Hydrogen thus has great potential to provide clean energy and to substitute fossil fuels. The transport sector is responsible for a large share of carbon dioxide and particle emissions. Reducing vehicles’ carbon footprint is crucial to make our cities a better place to live in. CARBON 0 EMISSIONS ARE CAUSED BY FUEL CELL ELECTRIC VEHICLES CARBON MOBILITY HYDROGENFREE IS A KEY ENABLER FOR THE TRANSITION TO A LOW CARBON SOCIETY 4 5 Hydrogen from The missing link renewable sources of the energy transition With Blue Hydrogen, Air Liquide is firmly moving towards a Hydrogen extracted by electrolysis is completely emission- gradual decarbonization of its hydrogen production dedi- free if the electricity used originates from renewable cated to energy applications. In practical terms, Air Liquide sources, such as wind, solar energy or water power. has made a commitment to produce at least 50% of the hydrogen required for these applications through carbon- Hydrogen can be used as a storage medium for sustainably free processes by 2020, combining: generated electricity. Hydrogen can carry large amounts of • biogas reforming, energy for a long period of time to be reconverted using fuel • the use of renewable energies during water electrolysis, cells when required. It is thus able to offset network instabi- • the use of technologies for the capture and upgrading of lities. At the same time hydrogen can also provide clean carbon emitted during the process of producing hydrogen fuel to power vehicles, or energy for other applications from natural gas. where electicity is needed. The potential to build a bridge between energy, transport and industry is what makes Even when produced from natural gas, hydrogen is a hydrogen unique. It is the missing link to complete the virtuous energy: for equal distances travelled, hydrogen energy transition. cars allow to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at 50% least 20% compared with internal combustion vehicles. BLUE HYDROGEN FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS BY 2020 AS A COMMITMENT BY AIR LIQUIDE Water electrolysis During electrolysis, water is split into its components hydrogen and oxygen. The electrical energy used is converted into chemical energy and stored in the ANODE CATHODE form of hydrogen. 6 7 Emission-free mobility Hydrogen with a range A proven solution you are used to Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) offer emission-free To release the required energy to power a car, several mobility with a range we are used to. cells are arranged in a ‘stack’. The construction of a fuel cell is similar to that of a car The hydrogen tanks consist of a plastic core that is insulated battery. Every cell contains two plate-shaped electrodes by a carbon fibre composite. The tanks are designed for a (anode and cathode) with a polymer electrolyte membrane high operating pressure. Before filling up, the tightness of (PEM) separated from each other by an electro lyte. This the connection between the vehicle and the pump is electrolyte can conduct ions but it is gas-opaque. checked – only then gaseous hydrogen does flow into the tank. The connector coupling has been standardized The catalyst materials (normally platinum) are located on worldwide since 2007. the electrodes and ensure that the gaseous hydrogen supplied releases ions as charge carriers. The hydrogen molecules decompose into hydrogen atoms at the anode which in turn become positively charged hydrogen ions by releasing electrons. The free electrons flow to the cathode A RANGE OF MORE THAN via a conductor and can now be used as electricity that KILOMETRES powers the electric motor. 500 SIMILAR TO TODAY´S CONVENTIONAL VEHICLES TO MINUTES 3 REFUELLING5 TIME Fuel cell stack High volt battery Hydrogen tanks Power electronics Electric motor 8 9 Hydrogen Rostock Focus: Infrastructure Hamburg for Germany Bremen Neuruppin In Germany, Air Liquide has been a member of the Clean H2 MOBILITY will expand the existing network of hydrogen Berlin Energy Partnership (CEP) since 2011. With its ”50 Refuel- stations in Germany to up to 400. First interim goal is to Wolfsburg ling Stations“ programme, funded by the German Federal operate 100 H2 stations in metropolitan areas and along Potsdam Hanover Laatzen Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) the connecting arterial roads and motorways by 2019. This Magdeburg within the framework of the National Innovation Pro- will be followed by another 300 as the vehicle numbers are Münster gramme Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NIP), CEP ramped up. initiated the construction and operation of a nationwide H2 Kamen refuelling infrastructure for passenger cars. Air Liquide The hydrogen stations are preferably integrated into exis- Duisburg Dortmund Ratingen Mülheim contributed ten stations. ting conventional service stations. Their design is com pact Mönchen- Düsseldorf-Höherweg Leipzig gladbach Düsseldorf-South and mainly relies on standard components for the fuel Lohfelden Leverkusen Dresden Today, the CEP partners – Air Liquide, Audi, BMW, Daimler, pumps, the hydrogen storage, and the compression. Cologne-Frechen Erfurt H2 MOBILITY, Honda, Hyundai, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total, Toyota and Westfalen – are working on the market estab- H2 MOBILITY receives funding from the German Federal lishment and systems compatibility of hydrogen and fuel- Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (BMVI) as Limburg Coblence Berg bei Hof cell mobility, in the interests of a sustainable energy shift. part of the National Innovation Programme for Hydrogen Bad Homburg The industry partnership is opening itself to new modes of and Fuel Cell Technology (NIP) as well as from the Euro- Wiesbaden Frankfurt O­enbach transport, accelerating interconnection between sectors, pean Commission in the Hydrogen Mobility Europe project, Bayreuth Weiterstadt and developing business models for H2 production using which receives funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen renewable energy. 2 Joint Undertaking (FCH 2 JU, grant agreement no. 671438). Hirschberg Fürth Nuremberg The FCH JU is supported by the European Union Frame- Heidelberg In 2014, Air Liquide joined forces together with its partners work Programme for Research and Innovation (Horizon Bad Rappenau Schnelldorf Daimler, Linde, OMV, Shell and Total and founded the joint 2020), Hydrogen Europe and the Hydrogen Europe Karlsruhe Ludwigsburg venture H2 MOBILITY Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG. Its Research Association. Stuttgart Ingolstadt mission: establishing a nationwide hydrogen infrastructure Passau Wendlingen to supply cars with fuel-cell drives in Germany. Or in other words: building a mobile future of rapid refuelling, long ranges, clean and quiet mobility. Munich Freiburg The six shareholders are pushing for the swifter intro- duction of national and international standards, and thus making a major contribution to decoupling mobility from Sponsored by Air Liquide stations / Stations with Air Liquide technology CO2 emissions. In order to dovetail progress as closely as in operation possible with the automotive industry, BMW, Honda, Up-to-date status: Air Liquide stations / Stations with Air Liquide technology Hyundai, Toyota and Volkswagen are on board as associ- https://h2.live under execution ated partners. Other stations in operation 10 11 Other stations under execution Status: 08/2018 Meeting Hydrogen the challenges The international roll-out of clean Even beyond Germany, Air Liquide is actively involved in In Japan, the government sees hydrogen as a major setting up a hydrogen industry and developing alternative energy with great promise for the future of the automotive energy solutions for clean mobility, allowing the wide- industry. There are already 100 H2 stations in the country mobility spread use of hydrogen as a clean energy. and the government intends to triple this figure in the coming years. A new joint venture of 11 companies called In France, Air Liquide opened a hydrogen station in “Japan H2 Mobility”, including Air Liquide Japan, was Saint Lô (Manche)