DOCSLIB.ORG

ABSTRACTS VIII International Conference BIORESOURCES AND

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ABSTRACTS VIII International Conference BIORESOURCES AND ABSTRACTS VIII International conference BIORESOURCES AND VIRUSES September 12-14, 2016 Kyiv, Ukraine Ічня ПП «Формат» 2016 УДК 821.161.2-1 ББК 84.4 (4 Укр=Рос 6-44) ABSTRACTS. VIII International conference. BIORESOURCES AND VIRUSES – м. Ічня: ПП «Формат», 2016 – 262 стор. ISBN 978-966-1567-33-96 УДК 821.161.2-1 ББК 84.4 (4 Укр=Рос 6-44) ISBN 978-966-1567-34-3 © ПП «Формат», 2016 2 PLENARY SESSION 3 4 THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS WORLD Valerian V. Dolja Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA e-mail: [email protected] Viruses and other genetic parasites are associated with virtually all forms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular life. Furthermore, these selfish agents dominate the biosphere, both numerically and in terms of genetic diversity. Phylogenomic analysis of the vast and rapidly growing collection of viral genomes has led to a concept of Virus World. This concept recognizes that selfish elements do not have a single common ancestry, but form a network, nodes of which are connected by viral hallmark genes, those that encode key proteins involved in replication of viral genomes and virion morphogenesis. The hallmark genes are shared by diverse genomes of viruses and selfish elements and have only extremely distant homologs in cellular life forms, except for cases of apparent acquisition from viruses. This pool of ancient, essential genes defines the Virus World that appears to have been continuous since the earliest, pre-cellular stages in the evolution of life that are still understood only in general terms. In contrast, recent analyses of viruses and capsid-less selfish elements of eukaryotes resulted in a coherent evolutionary scenario offering a small number of ancestors among bacterial viruses and selfish elements. In particular, origins of retroviruses including HIV were traced to eukaryotic LTR retrotransposons that, in turn, likely originated from the bacterial group II introns. The most recent events in retrovirus evolution are epitomized by cross-species transmission of SIV from chimpanzee to humans, followed by a burst-like diversification and global dissemination of HIV-1. On a larger scale, the most recent gene and genome network analyses of the dsDNA viruses by Eugene Koonin group revealed robust hierarchical modularity with some modules combining diverse viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. These analyses provided statistical basis for the formal identification of the hallmark genes thus supporting the Virus World concept that was first advanced 10 years ago. 5 PROBLEM ISSUES RELATED WITH THE EMERGENCE INFLUENZA VIRUSES AND PROSPECTS FOR VACCINATION Viktoriia Zadorozhna SI«TheL.V. GromashevskyInstitute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] The relevance of emergent viral infections, including influenza, increases every year. High evolutionary potential of influenza viruses, a wide range of natural hosts cause a large variety of serotypes. Always there is a risk of adaptation of new reassortant viruses in existence in the human population, there is a risk of formation of new parasitic systems [1]. It requires constant analysis of risk (pathogenicity, the ability for pandemic spread, particularly immune response, etc.), related to novel viruses that can cause human disease. At present, special attention should be paid the following human pathogenic influenza viruses that have emerged in recent years: a pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) pdm09 (2009), avian influenza viruses A(H5N1) (1997), A(H9N2) (1998), A(H7N7) (2003), A(H7N3) (2004), A(H7N9), A(H10N8) (2013), A(H5N6) (2015). VirusA(H1N1)pdm09, causing the epidemic in 2009-2010., later was attributed to seasonal influenza viruses. However, studies have shown [8], in fatal cases, etiologically related virus, low levels of CD206+ cells (marker of alternatively activated macrophages marker in lung) were found when compared with seasonal influenza virus (P<0.05), and the ratio of CD206/CD14+ cells was 2.5-fold higher in seasonal and noninfluenza group compared with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (P<0.05). The authors suggest the use of CD206+ cells number for differentiation between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09and seasonal influenza virus in lung tissue of fatal cases. In addition, the rise of the epidemic of influenza in Ukraine in the season 2015-2016, caused by the virus, has shown a tendency to increase its pathogenic potential against the background of the conservation of antigenic properties. The number of cases of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections has exceeded 4 million, and the number of deaths on 02.25.2016 amounted to 338. In this flu season in Ukraine were vaccinated only about 130 thousand persons (0.3% of the population), which could not affect the intensity of the epidemic process. 6 During 2003 - 2016 (on 06.13.2016) in 16 countries registered 851 cases among people, including 450 deaths (52.9%) caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A (H5N1) [10]. The increased incidence (145 cases) and reduced mortality (29.0%) in 2015 compared with previous years can be linked, on the one hand, the expansion of surveillance and detection of light clinical forms, on the other hand, we cannot exclude the existing risk of the viral adaptation to human population. This last assumption requires careful study. Influenza A(H9N2)also is capable of causing disease in humans. It can still be gene donor for other avian influenza viruses, including pathogenic viruses for humans such as А(H7N9) andА(H10N8) [9]. The first cases of flu among the people associated with the virus А (H7N9) (triple reassortant avian viruses), were registered in China in 2013. On 16.02.2016 itreported 729 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 282 deaths (38,7%) [3].According to the assessment of the international group of experts this virus is estimated as dangerous, and this situation needs study and monitoring. There are reports of sporadic probable cases of virus transmission from person to person [2]. There are currently data on 15 cases aware of 15 cases of influenza in humans caused by a new virusA(H5N6)including at least four deaths (on 26.07.2016). Cases of human infection with influenza virusA (H10N8) registered in China in 2013 and 2014 (3 cases, including 2 deaths)[7]. Influenza viruses A (H7N3), A (H7N7) are highly pathogenic for birds. These viruses can cause flu-like symptoms with conjunctivitissn humans, which are observed during poultry outbreaks of this infection [4, 5, 6]. Thus, influenza viruses of people, birds and mammals need constant virological monitoring at both the national level and on a global scale. Such monitoring also provides the selection of candidate strains for production of highly effective vaccines in case one or another virus acquires the ability to a wide transmission from person to person. 1. Фролов А.Ф., Задорожная В.И. Молекулярная эпидемио-логия вирусных и прионныхболезней. – Киев: ДИА, 2010. – 280 с. 2. Fang Ch.-F., MaM.-J., ZhanB.-D.et al Nosocomial transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China: epidemiological investigation // BMJ. – 2015. - 351:h5765: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5765 . 3. H7N9 situation update. – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. – 1 March - 2016: http://www.fao.org/AG/AGAInfo/programmes/en/empres/H7N9/ situation_ update.html . 7 4. Hirst M., Astell C. R., Griffith M. et al. Novel avian influenza H7N3 strain outbreak, British Columbia // Emerg. Infec. Dis. – 2004. – 10 (12). – P. 2192-2195. 5. Koopmans M., Wilbrink B., Conyn M. et al. Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands // Lancet. – 2004. – 363 (9409). – P. 587-593. 6. Lopez-Martinez I., Balish A., Barrera-Badillo G. etal. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N3) virus in poultry workers, Mexico, 2012 // Emerg.Infect.Dis. –. 2013. – 19 (9). – P. 1531-1534. 7. Qi W., Zhou X., Shi W. et al. Genesis of the novel human-infecting influenza A(H10N8) virus and potential genetic diversity of the virus in poultry, China // Euro Surveill. – 2014. - 19 (25). - http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20841. 8. Rodriguez-Ramirez H.G., Salinas-Carmona M.C., Barboza- Quintana O. et al.CD206+ cell number differentiates influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from seasonal influenza A virus in fatal // Mediators of Inflammation/ - 2014. – V. 2014. - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/921054 9. Sun Y., Liu J.H9N2 influenza virus in China: a cause of concern // ProteinCell. – 2015. – 6(1). – Р. 18-25. 10. WHO: Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2016. - http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/2016_06_13 _ tableH5N1. pdf?ua=1 OVERVIEW AND LATEST UPDATES ON ZIKA VIRUS Anders Vahlne Karolinsky Institute, Stokholm, Sweden [email protected] The 1 st of February 1 st of this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) following reports of microcephaly in newborns or Guillain-Barrй syndrome in adults appearing concomitantly with Zika virus outbreaks. Zika virus is an arbovirus transmitted by 8 mosquitos. Zika virus had previously been considered to cause only a mild disease, with symptoms such as fever, rash, arthralgia, muscle pain and conjunctivitis. Before 2007, when an outbreak of the virus affected 70% of the people in the Micronesian Yap State, Zika virus had only been seen in Africa and South-East Asia. Six years later, a Zika virus epidemic occurred in French Polynesia infecting more than 32 000 people. The virus was probably introduced to the Americas two years ago, and the first report of autochthonous transmission in Brazil was as late as May 2015. Zika virus has now spread to 31 countries and territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico and the USA.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Development of a Real-Time Reverse Transcription
    DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION ASSAY FOR EQUINE ENCEPHALOSIS VIRUS by Ntungufhadzeni Maclaughlin Rathogwa Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Veterinary Science (MSc) in the Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria South Africa Supervisor: Prof Moritz van Vuuren Co-supervisor: Dr Melvyn Quan November, 2011 © University of Pretoria TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................................... II DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................................... IV ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................... V LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................................ VII LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ VIII ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................ IX 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus B
    viruses Article A New Orbivirus Isolated from Mosquitoes in North-Western Australia Shows Antigenic and Genetic Similarity to Corriparta Virus but Does Not Replicate in Vertebrate Cells Jessica J. Harrison 1,†, David Warrilow 2,†, Breeanna J. McLean 1, Daniel Watterson 1, Caitlin A. O’Brien 1, Agathe M.G. Colmant 1, Cheryl A. Johansen 3, Ross T. Barnard 1, Sonja Hall-Mendelin 2, Steven S. Davis 4, Roy A. Hall 1 and Jody Hobson-Peters 1,* 1 Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Australia; [email protected] (J.J.H.); [email protected] (B.J.M.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (C.A.O.B.); [email protected] (A.M.G.C.); [email protected] (R.T.B.); [email protected] (R.A.H.) 2 Public Health Virology Laboratory, Department of Health, Queensland Government, P.O. Box 594, Archerfield 4108, Australia; [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (S.H.-M.) 3 School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia; [email protected] 4 Berrimah Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Darwin 0828, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-7-3365-4648 † These authors contributed equally to the work. Academic Editor: Karyn Johnson Received: 19 February 2016; Accepted: 10 May 2016; Published: 20 May 2016 Abstract: The discovery and characterisation of new mosquito-borne viruses provides valuable information on the biodiversity of vector-borne viruses and important insights into their evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Tibet Orbivirus, a Novel Orbivirus Species Isolated from Anopheles
    Washington University School of Medicine Digital Commons@Becker Open Access Publications 2014 Tibet Orbivirus, a novel Orbivirus species isolated from Anopheles maculatus mosquitoes in Tibet, China Minghua Li Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Yayun Zheng Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing Guoyan Zhao Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis Shihong Fu Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing David Wang Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs Recommended Citation Li, Minghua; Zheng, Yayun; Zhao, Guoyan; Fu, Shihong; Wang, David; Wang, Zhiyu; and Liang, Guodong, ,"Tibet Orbivirus, a novel Orbivirus species isolated from Anopheles maculatus mosquitoes in Tibet, China." PLoS One.9,2. e88738. (2014). https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/3048 This Open Access Publication is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons@Becker. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Becker. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Minghua Li, Yayun Zheng, Guoyan Zhao, Shihong Fu, David Wang, Zhiyu Wang, and Guodong Liang This open access publication is available at Digital Commons@Becker: https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/3048 Tibet Orbivirus, a Novel Orbivirus Species Isolated from Anopheles maculatus Mosquitoes in Tibet, China Minghua Li1., Yayun Zheng1,2., Guoyan Zhao3, Shihong Fu1, David Wang3, Zhiyu Wang2, Guodong Liang1,2* 1 State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China, 2 School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, 3 Washington University, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda Africana Bat Flies in South Africa
    viruses Article Isolation of a Novel Fusogenic Orthoreovirus from Eucampsipoda africana Bat Flies in South Africa Petrus Jansen van Vuren 1,2, Michael Wiley 3, Gustavo Palacios 3, Nadia Storm 1,2, Stewart McCulloch 2, Wanda Markotter 2, Monica Birkhead 1, Alan Kemp 1 and Janusz T. Paweska 1,2,4,* 1 Centre for Emerging and Zoonotic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Sandringham 2131, South Africa; [email protected] (P.J.v.V.); [email protected] (N.S.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (A.K.) 2 Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa; [email protected] (S.M.); [email protected] (W.K.) 3 Center for Genomic Science, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; [email protected] (M.W.); [email protected] (G.P.) 4 Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-11-3866382 Academic Editor: Andrew Mehle Received: 27 November 2015; Accepted: 23 February 2016; Published: 29 February 2016 Abstract: We report on the isolation of a novel fusogenic orthoreovirus from bat flies (Eucampsipoda africana) associated with Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) collected in South Africa. Complete sequences of the ten dsRNA genome segments of the virus, tentatively named Mahlapitsi virus (MAHLV), were determined. Phylogenetic analysis places this virus into a distinct clade with Baboon orthoreovirus, Bush viper reovirus and the bat-associated Broome virus.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 National Veterinary Scholars Symposium 18Th Annual August 4
    2017 National Veterinary Scholars Symposium 18th Annual August – 4 5, 2017 Natcher Conference Center, Building 45 National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland Center for Cancer Research National Cancer Institute with The Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges https://www.cancer.gov/ Table of Contents 2017 National Veterinary Scholars Symposium Program Booklet Welcome .............................................................................................................................. 1 NIH Bethesda Campus Visitor Information and Maps .........................................................2 History of the National Institutes of Health ......................................................................... 4 Sponsors ............................................................................................................................... 5 Symposium Agenda .......................................................................................................6 Bios of Speakers ................................................................................................................. 12 Bios of Award Presenters and Recipients ........................................................................... 27 Training Opportunities at the NIH ...................................................................................... 34 Abstracts Listed Alphabetically .......................................................................................... 41 Symposium Participants by College of Veterinary Medicine
    [Show full text]
  • 18-Hunt-Dengue-Updat
    7/29/2018 Dengue Update Adam C. Hunt, D.O., M.H.S. Covenant Emergency Care Center, Saginaw, MI Disclosures None This lecture is 99.6% free of any Russian collusion 1 7/29/2018 Goals/Objectives 1. Epidemiology of Dengue 2. Virus and Vectors 3. Transmission 4. Clinical Presentation 5. Labs 6. Treatment 7. Prevention/Vaccine Epidemiology 4 viruses (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4) Positive sense, single stranded RNA Flaviviruses AKA “Breakbone Fever”, “Three Day Fever”, “Dandy Fever” 1/3 of the world’s population at risk ~400 million people infected annually 75% of infections are asymptomatic Epidemics in the tropics Caribbean, Latin America, Southern Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands Rarely in US, but sporadic outbreaks in Florida, Hawaii and Tex-Mex Border Most Cases in the US are imported (tourist/travelers) www.cdc.gov/dengue/index.html 2 7/29/2018 3 7/29/2018 Vector Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus AKA “Yellow Fever Mosquito” AKA “Asian Tiger Mosquito” Urban Associated with thickets and arboreal vegetation Indoor and Outdoor Outdoor or Garden Mosquito Sneaky biter Aggressive biter Humans (almost entirely) Any vertebrate (not picky) Main vector Secondary Uses household containers to lay Treeholes, bamboo internodes, but eggs can use household containers Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow Fever, Zika, Chikungunya, Yellow Fever, Mayaro, Wolbachia* Dirofilaria immitis, Usutu virus, Wolbachia* https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/resources/30jan2012/comparisondenguevectors.pdf Vector 4 7/29/2018 So, let’s dive into Dengue Arbovirus Family: ▪ Bunyaviradae
    [Show full text]
  • (Smrev) Genome Encoding a FAST Protein with a Non-AUG Start Site Fei Ke, Li-Bo He, Chao Pei and Qi-Ya Zhang*
    Ke et al. BMC Genomics 2011, 12:323 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/12/323 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Turbot reovirus (SMReV) genome encoding a FAST protein with a non-AUG start site Fei Ke, Li-Bo He, Chao Pei and Qi-Ya Zhang* Abstract Background: A virus was isolated from diseased turbot Scophthalmus maximus in China. Biophysical and biochemical assays, electron microscopy, and genome electrophoresis revealed that the virus belonged to the genus Aquareovirus, and was named Scophthalmus maximus reovirus (SMReV). To the best of our knowledge, no complete sequence of an aquareovirus from marine fish has been determined. Therefore, the complete characterization and analysis of the genome of this novel aquareovirus will facilitate further understanding of the taxonomic distribution of aquareovirus species and the molecular mechanism of its pathogenesis. Results: The full-length genome sequences of SMReV were determined. It comprises eleven dsRNA segments covering 24,042 base pairs and has the largest S4 genome segment in the sequenced aquareoviruses. Sequence analysis showed that all of the segments contained six conserved nucleotides at the 5’ end and five conserved nucleotides at the 3’ end (5’-GUUUUA —— UCAUC-3’). The encoded amino acid sequences share the highest sequence identities with the respective proteins of aquareoviruses in species group Aquareovirus A. Phylogenetic analysis based on the major outer capsid protein VP7 and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase were performed. Members in Aquareovirus were clustered in two groups, one from fresh water fish and the other from marine fish. Furthermore, a fusion associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein NS22, which is translated from a non-AUG start site, was identified in the S7 segment.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Molecular Targets for Differential Regulation of the Type I and III Interferon Induction and Signalling Pathways by Rotavirus NSP1
    Characterization of molecular targets for differential regulation of the type I and III interferon induction and signalling pathways by rotavirus NSP1 Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Gennaro Iaconis September 2018 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... 1 LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 DECLARATION ....................................................................................................................................... 10 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................................. 11 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Rotavirus ................................................................................................................. 12 1.1.1 Historical Background ......................................................................................... 12 1.1.2 Classification ......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Trans-Acting RNA–RNA Interactions in Segmented RNA Viruses
    viruses Review Trans-Acting RNA–RNA Interactions in Segmented RNA Viruses Laura R. Newburn and K. Andrew White * Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 July 2019; Accepted: 11 August 2019; Published: 14 August 2019 Abstract: RNA viruses represent a large and important group of pathogens that infect a broad range of hosts. Segmented RNA viruses are a subclass of this group that encode their genomes in two or more molecules and package all of their RNA segments in a single virus particle. These divided genomes come in different forms, including double-stranded RNA, coding-sense single-stranded RNA, and noncoding single-stranded RNA. Genera that possess these genome types include, respectively, Orbivirus (e.g., Bluetongue virus), Dianthovirus (e.g., Red clover necrotic mosaic virus) and Alphainfluenzavirus (e.g., Influenza A virus). Despite their distinct genomic features and diverse host ranges (i.e., animals, plants, and humans, respectively) each of these viruses uses trans-acting RNA–RNA interactions (tRRIs) to facilitate co-packaging of their segmented genome. The tRRIs occur between different viral genome segments and direct the selective packaging of a complete genome complement. Here we explore the current state of understanding of tRRI-mediated co-packaging in the abovementioned viruses and examine other known and potential functions for this class of RNA–RNA interaction. Keywords: RNA structure; RNA–RNA interactions; RNA virus; RNA packaging; segmented virus; influenza virus; bluetongue virus; reovirus; red clover necrotic mosaic virus 1. Introduction RNA viruses are important pathogens that infect a wide variety of hosts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Novel Rubi-Like Virus in the Pacific Electric
    viruses Article A Novel Rubi-Like Virus in the Pacific Electric Ray (Tetronarce californica) Reveals the Complex Evolutionary History of the Matonaviridae Rebecca M. Grimwood 1 , Edward C. Holmes 2 and Jemma L. Geoghegan 1,3,* 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; [email protected] 2 Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; [email protected] 3 Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington 5018, New Zealand * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Rubella virus (RuV) is the causative agent of rubella (“German measles”) and remains a global health concern. Until recently, RuV was the only known member of the genus Rubivirus and the only virus species classified within the Matonaviridae family of positive-sense RNA viruses. Recently, two new rubella-like matonaviruses, Rustrela virus and Ruhugu virus, have been identified in several mammalian species, along with more divergent viruses in fish and reptiles. To screen for the presence of additional novel rubella-like viruses, we mined published transcriptome data using genome sequences from Rubella, Rustrela, and Ruhugu viruses as baits. From this, we identified a novel rubella-like virus in a transcriptome of Tetronarce californica—order Torpediniformes (Pacific electric ray)—that is more closely related to mammalian Rustrela virus than to the divergent fish Citation: Grimwood, R.M.; Holmes, matonavirus and indicative of a complex pattern of cross-species virus transmission. Analysis of E.C.; Geoghegan, J.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Eukaryotic Single-Stranded DNA Viruses of the Bidnaviridae Family from Genes of Four Other Groups of Widely Differe
    OPEN Evolution of eukaryotic single-stranded SUBJECT AREAS: DNA viruses of the Bidnaviridae family VIRAL EVOLUTION COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND from genes of four other groups of widely BIOINFORMATICS different viruses Received 1 2 14 March 2014 Mart Krupovic & Eugene V. Koonin Accepted 30 May 2014 1Institut Pasteur, Unite´ Biologie Mole´culaire du Ge`ne chez les Extreˆmophiles, Department of Microbiology, Paris 75015, France, 2National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, Published USA. 18 June 2014 Single-stranded (ss)DNA viruses are extremely widespread, infect diverse hosts from all three domains of life and include important pathogens. Most ssDNA viruses possess small genomes that replicate by the Correspondence and rolling-circle-like mechanism initiated by a distinct virus-encoded endonuclease. However, viruses of the requests for materials family Bidnaviridae, instead of the endonuclease, encode a protein-primed type B DNA polymerase (PolB) should be addressed to and hence break this pattern. We investigated the provenance of all bidnavirus genes and uncover an M.K. (krupovic@ unexpected turbulent evolutionary history of these unique viruses. Our analysis strongly suggests that pasteur.fr) bidnaviruses evolved from a parvovirus ancestor from which they inherit a jelly-roll capsid protein and a superfamily 3 helicase. The radiation of bidnaviruses from parvoviruses was probably triggered by integration of the ancestral parvovirus genome into a large virus-derived DNA transposon of the Polinton (polintovirus) family resulting in the acquisition of the polintovirus PolB gene along with terminal inverted repeats. Bidnavirus genes for a receptor-binding protein and a potential novel antiviral defense modulator are derived from dsRNA viruses (Reoviridae) and dsDNA viruses (Baculoviridae), respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Electron Microscopy in Discovery of Novel and Emerging Viruses from the Collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA)
    viruses Review Electron Microscopy in Discovery of Novel and Emerging Viruses from the Collection of the World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses (WRCEVA) Vsevolod L. Popov 1,2,3,4,5,*, Robert B. Tesh 1,2,3,4,5, Scott C. Weaver 2,3,4,5,6 and Nikos Vasilakis 1,2,3,4,5,* 1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; [email protected] 2 Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; [email protected] 3 Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA 4 Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA 5 World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA 6 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] (V.L.P.); [email protected] (N.V.); Tel.: +1-409-747-2423 (V.L.P.); +1-409-747-0650 (N.V.) Received: 30 April 2019; Accepted: 24 May 2019; Published: 25 May 2019 Abstract: Since the beginning of modern virology in the 1950s, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been an important and widely used technique for discovery, identification and characterization of new viruses. Using TEM, viruses can be differentiated by their ultrastructure: shape, size, intracellular location and for some viruses, by the ultrastructural cytopathic effects and/or specific structures forming in the host cell during their replication.
    [Show full text]