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ABSTRACTS VIII International conference BIORESOURCES AND VIRUSES September 12-14, 2016 Kyiv, Ukraine Ічня ПП «Формат» 2016 УДК 821.161.2-1 ББК 84.4 (4 Укр=Рос 6-44) ABSTRACTS. VIII International conference. BIORESOURCES AND VIRUSES – м. Ічня: ПП «Формат», 2016 – 262 стор. ISBN 978-966-1567-33-96 УДК 821.161.2-1 ББК 84.4 (4 Укр=Рос 6-44) ISBN 978-966-1567-34-3 © ПП «Формат», 2016 2 PLENARY SESSION 3 4 THE ORIGINS AND EVOLUTION OF THE VIRUS WORLD Valerian V. Dolja Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA e-mail: [email protected] Viruses and other genetic parasites are associated with virtually all forms of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular life. Furthermore, these selfish agents dominate the biosphere, both numerically and in terms of genetic diversity. Phylogenomic analysis of the vast and rapidly growing collection of viral genomes has led to a concept of Virus World. This concept recognizes that selfish elements do not have a single common ancestry, but form a network, nodes of which are connected by viral hallmark genes, those that encode key proteins involved in replication of viral genomes and virion morphogenesis. The hallmark genes are shared by diverse genomes of viruses and selfish elements and have only extremely distant homologs in cellular life forms, except for cases of apparent acquisition from viruses. This pool of ancient, essential genes defines the Virus World that appears to have been continuous since the earliest, pre-cellular stages in the evolution of life that are still understood only in general terms. In contrast, recent analyses of viruses and capsid-less selfish elements of eukaryotes resulted in a coherent evolutionary scenario offering a small number of ancestors among bacterial viruses and selfish elements. In particular, origins of retroviruses including HIV were traced to eukaryotic LTR retrotransposons that, in turn, likely originated from the bacterial group II introns. The most recent events in retrovirus evolution are epitomized by cross-species transmission of SIV from chimpanzee to humans, followed by a burst-like diversification and global dissemination of HIV-1. On a larger scale, the most recent gene and genome network analyses of the dsDNA viruses by Eugene Koonin group revealed robust hierarchical modularity with some modules combining diverse viruses infecting bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. These analyses provided statistical basis for the formal identification of the hallmark genes thus supporting the Virus World concept that was first advanced 10 years ago. 5 PROBLEM ISSUES RELATED WITH THE EMERGENCE INFLUENZA VIRUSES AND PROSPECTS FOR VACCINATION Viktoriia Zadorozhna SI«TheL.V. GromashevskyInstitute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases of NAMS of Ukraine», Kyiv, Ukraine e-mail: [email protected] The relevance of emergent viral infections, including influenza, increases every year. High evolutionary potential of influenza viruses, a wide range of natural hosts cause a large variety of serotypes. Always there is a risk of adaptation of new reassortant viruses in existence in the human population, there is a risk of formation of new parasitic systems [1]. It requires constant analysis of risk (pathogenicity, the ability for pandemic spread, particularly immune response, etc.), related to novel viruses that can cause human disease. At present, special attention should be paid the following human pathogenic influenza viruses that have emerged in recent years: a pandemic influenza virus A(H1N1) pdm09 (2009), avian influenza viruses A(H5N1) (1997), A(H9N2) (1998), A(H7N7) (2003), A(H7N3) (2004), A(H7N9), A(H10N8) (2013), A(H5N6) (2015). VirusA(H1N1)pdm09, causing the epidemic in 2009-2010., later was attributed to seasonal influenza viruses. However, studies have shown [8], in fatal cases, etiologically related virus, low levels of CD206+ cells (marker of alternatively activated macrophages marker in lung) were found when compared with seasonal influenza virus (P<0.05), and the ratio of CD206/CD14+ cells was 2.5-fold higher in seasonal and noninfluenza group compared with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (P<0.05). The authors suggest the use of CD206+ cells number for differentiation between influenza A (H1N1)pdm09and seasonal influenza virus in lung tissue of fatal cases. In addition, the rise of the epidemic of influenza in Ukraine in the season 2015-2016, caused by the virus, has shown a tendency to increase its pathogenic potential against the background of the conservation of antigenic properties. The number of cases of influenza and acute respiratory viral infections has exceeded 4 million, and the number of deaths on 02.25.2016 amounted to 338. In this flu season in Ukraine were vaccinated only about 130 thousand persons (0.3% of the population), which could not affect the intensity of the epidemic process. 6 During 2003 - 2016 (on 06.13.2016) in 16 countries registered 851 cases among people, including 450 deaths (52.9%) caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A (H5N1) [10]. The increased incidence (145 cases) and reduced mortality (29.0%) in 2015 compared with previous years can be linked, on the one hand, the expansion of surveillance and detection of light clinical forms, on the other hand, we cannot exclude the existing risk of the viral adaptation to human population. This last assumption requires careful study. Influenza A(H9N2)also is capable of causing disease in humans. It can still be gene donor for other avian influenza viruses, including pathogenic viruses for humans such as А(H7N9) andА(H10N8) [9]. The first cases of flu among the people associated with the virus А (H7N9) (triple reassortant avian viruses), were registered in China in 2013. On 16.02.2016 itreported 729 laboratory-confirmed cases, including 282 deaths (38,7%) [3].According to the assessment of the international group of experts this virus is estimated as dangerous, and this situation needs study and monitoring. There are reports of sporadic probable cases of virus transmission from person to person [2]. There are currently data on 15 cases aware of 15 cases of influenza in humans caused by a new virusA(H5N6)including at least four deaths (on 26.07.2016). Cases of human infection with influenza virusA (H10N8) registered in China in 2013 and 2014 (3 cases, including 2 deaths)[7]. Influenza viruses A (H7N3), A (H7N7) are highly pathogenic for birds. These viruses can cause flu-like symptoms with conjunctivitissn humans, which are observed during poultry outbreaks of this infection [4, 5, 6]. Thus, influenza viruses of people, birds and mammals need constant virological monitoring at both the national level and on a global scale. Such monitoring also provides the selection of candidate strains for production of highly effective vaccines in case one or another virus acquires the ability to a wide transmission from person to person. 1. Фролов А.Ф., Задорожная В.И. Молекулярная эпидемио-логия вирусных и прионныхболезней. – Киев: ДИА, 2010. – 280 с. 2. Fang Ch.-F., MaM.-J., ZhanB.-D.et al Nosocomial transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in China: epidemiological investigation // BMJ. – 2015. - 351:h5765: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h5765 . 3. H7N9 situation update. – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. – 1 March - 2016: http://www.fao.org/AG/AGAInfo/programmes/en/empres/H7N9/ situation_ update.html . 7 4. Hirst M., Astell C. R., Griffith M. et al. Novel avian influenza H7N3 strain outbreak, British Columbia // Emerg. Infec. Dis. – 2004. – 10 (12). – P. 2192-2195. 5. Koopmans M., Wilbrink B., Conyn M. et al. Transmission of H7N7 avian influenza A virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the Netherlands // Lancet. – 2004. – 363 (9409). – P. 587-593. 6. Lopez-Martinez I., Balish A., Barrera-Badillo G. etal. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N3) virus in poultry workers, Mexico, 2012 // Emerg.Infect.Dis. –. 2013. – 19 (9). – P. 1531-1534. 7. Qi W., Zhou X., Shi W. et al. Genesis of the novel human-infecting influenza A(H10N8) virus and potential genetic diversity of the virus in poultry, China // Euro Surveill. – 2014. - 19 (25). - http://www.eurosurveillance.org/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=20841. 8. Rodriguez-Ramirez H.G., Salinas-Carmona M.C., Barboza- Quintana O. et al.CD206+ cell number differentiates influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 from seasonal influenza A virus in fatal // Mediators of Inflammation/ - 2014. – V. 2014. - http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/921054 9. Sun Y., Liu J.H9N2 influenza virus in China: a cause of concern // ProteinCell. – 2015. – 6(1). – Р. 18-25. 10. WHO: Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2016. - http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/2016_06_13 _ tableH5N1. pdf?ua=1 OVERVIEW AND LATEST UPDATES ON ZIKA VIRUS Anders Vahlne Karolinsky Institute, Stokholm, Sweden [email protected] The 1 st of February 1 st of this year, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared Zika virus to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) following reports of microcephaly in newborns or Guillain-Barrй syndrome in adults appearing concomitantly with Zika virus outbreaks. Zika virus is an arbovirus transmitted by 8 mosquitos. Zika virus had previously been considered to cause only a mild disease, with symptoms such as fever, rash, arthralgia, muscle pain and conjunctivitis. Before 2007, when an outbreak of the virus affected 70% of the people in the Micronesian Yap State, Zika virus had only been seen in Africa and South-East Asia. Six years later, a Zika virus epidemic occurred in French Polynesia infecting more than 32 000 people. The virus was probably introduced to the Americas two years ago, and the first report of autochthonous transmission in Brazil was as late as May 2015. Zika virus has now spread to 31 countries and territories in the Americas, including Puerto Rico and the USA.
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