The Book of Ahania
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Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in the Four Zoas
Colby Quarterly Volume 19 Issue 4 December Article 3 December 1983 Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in The Four Zoas Michael Ackland Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/cq Recommended Citation Colby Library Quarterly, Volume 19, no.4, December 1983, p.173-189 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Colby Quarterly by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Colby. Ackland: Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in The Four Zoas Blake's Critique of Enlightenment Reason in The Four Zoas by MICHAEL ACKLAND RIZEN is at once one of Blake's most easily recognizable characters U and one of his most elusive. Pictured often as a grey, stern, hover ing eminence, his wide-outspread arms suggest oppression, stultifica tion, and limitation. He is the cruel, jealous patriarch of this world, the Nobodaddy-boogey man-god evoked to quieten the child, to still the rabble, to repress the questing intellect. At other times in Blake's evolv ing mythology he is an inferior demiurge, responsible for this botched and fallen creation. In political terms, he can project the repressive, warmongering spirit of Pitt's England, or the collective forces of social tyranny. More fundamentally, he is a personal attribute: nobody's daddy because everyone creates him. As one possible derivation of his name suggests, he is "your horizon," or those impulses in each of us which, through their falsely assumed authority, limit all man's other capabilities. Yet Urizen can, at times, earn our grudging admiration. -
The Symbol of Christ in the Poetry of William Blake
The symbol of Christ in the poetry of William Blake Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Nemanic, Gerald, 1941- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 18:11:13 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/317898 THE SYMBOL OF CHRIST IN THE POETRY OF WILLIAM BLAKE Gerald Carl Neman!e A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the 3 DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1965 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the. Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. APPROVAL. BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: TABLE OF COITENTS INTRODUCTION. -
William Blake 1 William Blake
William Blake 1 William Blake William Blake William Blake in a portrait by Thomas Phillips (1807) Born 28 November 1757 London, England Died 12 August 1827 (aged 69) London, England Occupation Poet, painter, printmaker Genres Visionary, poetry Literary Romanticism movement Notable work(s) Songs of Innocence and of Experience, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, The Four Zoas, Jerusalem, Milton a Poem, And did those feet in ancient time Spouse(s) Catherine Blake (1782–1827) Signature William Blake (28 November 1757 – 12 August 1827) was an English poet, painter, and printmaker. Largely unrecognised during his lifetime, Blake is now considered a seminal figure in the history of the poetry and visual arts of the Romantic Age. His prophetic poetry has been said to form "what is in proportion to its merits the least read body of poetry in the English language".[1] His visual artistry led one contemporary art critic to proclaim him "far and away the greatest artist Britain has ever produced".[2] In 2002, Blake was placed at number 38 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.[3] Although he lived in London his entire life except for three years spent in Felpham[4] he produced a diverse and symbolically rich corpus, which embraced the imagination as "the body of God",[5] or "Human existence itself".[6] Considered mad by contemporaries for his idiosyncratic views, Blake is held in high regard by later critics for his expressiveness and creativity, and for the philosophical and mystical undercurrents within his work. His paintings William Blake 2 and poetry have been characterised as part of the Romantic movement and "Pre-Romantic",[7] for its large appearance in the 18th century. -
Blake's Debt to Wollstonecraft in the Four Zoas
ARTICLE The Embattled Sexes: Blake’s Debt to Wollstonecraft in The Four Zoas Michael Ackland Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 16, Issue 3, Winter 1982/1983, pp. 172-183 PAGE 172 BLAKE AS ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY WINTER 1982-83 The Embattled Sexes: Blake's Debt to Wollstonecraft in The Four Zoas BY MICHAEL ACKLAND Our knowledge of Blake's acquaintance with the writings of with them to Wollstonecraft's conception of female poten- Mary Wollstonecraft is at once precise and frustratingly in- tial. Moreover, these ideas are further developed in The complete. We know he illustrated, and presumably also Four Zoas, where many crucial conceptual links between the read, her novel Original Stories from Real Life.' We also works of Blake and Wollstonecraft testify to the enduring have evidence in his earlier works, notably in Visions of the impact on him of her impassioned call for harmony, equali- Daughters of Albion, that he was influenced by the doc- ty and true friendship between the sexes. trines she expressed in Vindication of the Rights of Men Visions of the Daughters of Albion offers evidence not (1790) and Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792).2 only of Blake's debt to Wollstonecraft but, more important- Moreover, both writers were frequent visitors at the booksel- ly, of his capacity to assimilate her ideas into his evolving cos- ler and publisher Joseph Johnson in the early 1790s; and mology. As commentators have noted, Oothoon's descrip- would, at the very least, have been known to each through tion of the negative and positive roles open to her sex seems word of mouth. -
William Blake
.,, '•I I I• 1J I I 11~ -· II I It~ I "I 1 rj.. I 1'111 .., l:l111i1l II' I i!1 ".IU - I. I ' 'I l ~ ,11 I ~ ii ·1 ... u",,.11 '"·' I '" 111 lit TH E COMPLETE POET R Y AN D SELECTED PROSE OF John Dorine & TH E COMPLETE POET R Y OF William Blake )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) WITH AN INTRODU C TION BY Robert Silliman Hillyer ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))~~ THE MODERN LIBRARY NEW YORK Contents INTRODVCTION by Robert Silliman Hillyer THE COMPLETE POETRY AND SELECTED PROSE OF JOHN DONNE THE POEMS SONGS AND SONETS The Good-morrow 3 Song 3 Womans Constancy 4 The Undertaking S The Sunne rising 6 The Indifferent 6 Loves Usury 7 The Canonization 8 The Triple Foote 9 Lovers infiniteuesse Io Song II The Legacie I 2 A Feaver I3 Aire and Angells I3 Breake of Day 14 The Anniversarie IS A Valediction: of my name, in the window 16 T wicknam Garden 18 A Valediction: of the booke I9 Communitie 21 Loves Growth 21 Loves Exchange 22 Confined Love 23 The Drearne 24 A Valediction: of weeping 25 Loves Alchymie 26 The Flea 26 v CONTE NTS vii vi CON TENT S S4 The Curse 27 Raderus The Message 28 Mercurius Gallo-Beligicus S4 Ralphius SS A Nocturnall upon S. Lucies Day 29 The Lier SS Witchcraft by a Picture 30 The Baite 30 The Apparition 3I E LEGIES The Broken Heart 32 A Valediction: forbidding mourning 33 I. Jealosie s6 The Extasie 34 II. The Anagram S7 Loves Deitie 36 III. Change s8 Loves Diet 37 IV. -
David Punter, Ed., William Blake: Selected Poetry and Prose
REVIEW Stanley Kunitz, ed., The Essential Blake; Michael Mason, ed., William Blake; David Punter, ed., William Blake: Selected Poetry and Prose E. B. Murray Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 24, Issue 4, Spring 1991, pp. 145-153 Spring 1991 BLAKE/AN ILLUSTRATED QUARTERLY Not so the Oxford Authors and Rout- As we know, and contrary to Mason's ledge Blakes. They do have some pre- implications, Blake felt his illumina- REVIEWS tensions and they may not be tions an integral part of his composite altogether harmless. Michael Mason is art, going so far as to applaud himself initially concerned with telling us what (in the third person) for having in- he does not do in his edition. He does vented "a method of Printing which Stanley Kunitz, ed. The Es not include An Island in the Moon, The combines the Painter and Poet" and, in sential Blake. New York: Book of Ahania, or The FourZoas. He an earlier self-evaluation, he bluntly The Ecco Press, 1987. 92 does not follow a chronological order asserts, through a persona, that those pp. $5.00 paper; Michael in presenting Blake's texts; he does not (pace Mason) who will not accept and Mason, ed. William Blake. provide deleted or alternative read- pay highly for the illuminated writings ings; he does not provide the illumina- he projected "will be ignorant fools Oxford: Oxford University tions or describe them; he does not and will not deserve to live." Ipse dixit. Press, 1988. xxvi + 601 pp. summarize the content of Blake's works The poet/artist is typically seconded $45.00 cloth/$15.95 paper; nor does he explicate Blake's mythol- by his twentieth-century editors, who, David Punter, ed. -
Postgraduate English: Issue 23
Ryan Postgraduate English: Issue 23 Postgraduate English www.dur.ac.uk/postgraduate.english ISSN 1756-9761 Issue 23 September 2011 Editors: Naomi Marklew and Jack Baker ‘Mental Things are alone Real’: The Building of the Labyrinth - William Blake’s Analysis of the Psyche. Mark Ryan * * University of Nottingham ISSN 1756-9761 1 Ryan Postgraduate English: Issue 23 ‘Mental Things are alone Real’: The Building of the Labyrinth - William Blake’s Analysis of the Psyche. Mark Ryan University of Nottingham Postgraduate English, Issue 23, September 2011 This paper will investigate the conceptual influence of three mystical thinkers, Jacob Boehme, Paracelsus and to a lesser extent, Emmanuel Swedenborg upon the works of William Blake and specifically explains the common themes they share with regards to an understanding of psychic growth and disturbance. The reason that this is important is that critics supporting the psychoanalytical thesis have tended to impose their ideas on the works of Blake, without considering theories of the mind that predated and informed Blake’s psychological system. As the article will demonstrate there are other Blake scholars who have investigated, for example, Blake’s apparent echoing of vocabulary from the writings of the mystic philosophers and the themes of social conflict and ideas pertaining to Creation, Fall and Redemption found in Boehme. However, there has not been a full investigation of Blake’s appropriation of Paracelsus’ and Boehme’s ideas with application to his investigation of human psychology. It should -
By William Blake
Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works ftÄx VtàtÄÉzâxá Éy UÄt~x:á jÉÜ~á 1791-2013 A Catalogue Somewhat Raisonné By Toronto Spring 2013 1 Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works \Ç [ÉÅtzx àÉ `tÜà|Ç UâàÄ|Ç 2 Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works Table of Contents Dedication to Martin Butlin 2 Table of Illustrations 4 Introduction 5 Abbreviations and Symbols 7 Catalogues Number 1791-1799 8 9 1800-1809 21 12 1810-1819 29 20 1820-1829 28 29 1830-1839 31 41 1840-1849 21 53 1850-1859 28 62 1860-1869 28 84 1870-1879 25 102 1880-1889 45 113 1890-1899 69 139 1900-1909 77 166 1910-1919 114 193 1920-1929 125 230 1930-1939 92 277 1940-1949 63 319 1950-1959 59 345 1960-1969 50 360 1970-1979 110 371 1980-1989 67 402 1990-1999 64 423 2000-2009 34 445 2010-2013 15 461 1,023 3 Sale Catalogues of Blake's Works Table of Illustrations Illus. 1 Image of Francis Harvey's shop at 4 St James Street from A General Catalogue of Rare and Valuable Engraved Portraits On Sale by Francis Harvey (n.d.). Illus. 2 "??", from "William Blake's Original Sketch Book" reproduced in the catalogue of Stan V. Henkels, 21 November 1921, Lot 15. The sketch book "is probably the most important Blake item offered for sale in this country", with 50 original sketches by William Blake, together with "quite a number" by George Richmond; "all of Blake's sketches have that weird, mystical technique, which has never been even imitated by anybody since his death"; "the most skeptical would hesitate to pass an adverse opinion of them". -
"The Tyger": Genesis & Evolution in the Poetry of William Blake
"The Tyger": Genesis & Evolution in the Poetry of William Blake Author(s): PAUL MINER Source: Criticism, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Winter 1962), pp. 59-73 Published by: Wayne State University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/23091046 Accessed: 20-06-2016 19:39 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wayne State University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Criticism This content downloaded from 128.143.23.241 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 19:39:44 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms PAUL MINER* r" The TygerGenesis & Evolution in the Poetry of William Blake There is the Cave, the Rock, the Tree, the Lake of Udan Adan, The Forest and the Marsh and the Pits of bitumen deadly, The Rocks of solid fire, the Ice valleys, the Plains Of burning sand, the rivers, cataract & Lakes of Fire, The Islands of the fiery Lakes, the Trees of Malice, Revenge And black Anxiety, and the Cities of the Salamandrine men, (But whatever is visible to the Generated Man Is a Creation of mercy & love from the Satanic Void). (Jerusalem) One of the great poetic structures of the eighteenth century is William Blake's "The Tyger," a profound experiment in form and idea. -
William Blake the Book of Urizen London, Ca
® about this book O William Blake The Book of Urizen London, ca. 1818 ➤ Commentary by Nicolas Barker ➤ Binding & Collation ➤ Provenance ©2001 Octavo. All rights reserved. The Book of Urizen Commentary by Nicolas Barker The Book of Urizen, originally entitled The First Book of Urizen, occupies a central place in William Blake’s creation of his “illuminated books,” both chronologically and in the thematic and structural development of the texts. They are not “illuminated” in the sense that medieval manuscripts are illu- minated—that is, with pictures or decoration added to an exist- ing text. In Blake’s books, text and decoration were conceived together and the printing process, making and printing the plates, did not separate them, although he might vary the colors from copy to copy, adding supplemen- tary coloring as well. Like the books themselves, the technique for making them came to Blake by inspiration, connected with his much-loved younger brother Robert, whose early death in 1787 deeply distressed William, though his “visionary eyes beheld the released spirit ascend heaven- ward through the matter-of-fact Plate 26 of The Book of Urizen, copy G (ca. 1818). ceiling, ‘clapping its hands for joy.’” The process was described by his fellow- engraver John Thomas Smith, who had known Robert as a boy: After deeply perplexing himself as to the mode of accomplishing the publication of his illustrated songs, without their being subject to the expense of letter-press, his brother Robert stood before him in one of his visionary imaginations, and so decidedly directed him in the way in which he ought to proceed, that he immediately fol- lowed his advice, by writing his poetry, and drawing his marginal subjects of embellishments in outline upon the copperplate with an impervious liquid, and then eating the plain parts or lights away William Blake The Book of Urizen London, ca. -
William Blake
THE WORKS of WILLIAM BLAKE jSptfrolu, tmir dpritical KDITEO WITH LITHOORAPIIS OF THE ILLUSTRATED “ PROPHETIC BOOKS," AND A M8 M0 IH AND INTERPRETATION EDWIN JOHN ELLIS A ttlh n r n f “Miff »ii A rcatliit,** rfr* Asn WILLIAM BUTLER YEATS Author of ** The JVnnilerinfj* nf Ohin,** " The Crwutesi Kathleen," ifr. “ Hnng nin to the te»t Ami I Lh* m&ttor will iv-wnnl, which nmdnp** Would ftumlml from M Jfauttef /.V TUJIKE VOI.S. VOL 1 LONDON BERNARD QUARITCH, 15 PICCADILLY 1893 \ A lt R ig h t* k *M*rv*ifl & 0 WILLIAM LINNELL THIS WORK IS INSCRIBED. PREFACE. The reader must not expect to find in this account of Blake's myth, or this explanation of his symbolic writings, a substitute for Blake's own works. A paraphrase is given of most of the more difficult poems, but no single thread of interpretation can fully guide the explorer through the intricate paths of a symbolism where most of the figures of speech have a two-fold meaning, and some are employed systematically in a three fold, or even a four-fold sense. " Allegory addressed to the intellectual powers while it is altogether hidden from the corporeal understanding is my definition," writes Blake, "of the most sublime poetry." Letter to Butts from Felpham, July 6th, 1803. Such allegory fills the "Prophetic Books," yet it is not so hiddon from the corporeal understanding as its author supposed. An explanation, continuous throughout, if not complete for side issues, may be obtained from the enigma itself by the aid of ordinary industry. -
Dissertations on William Blake
ARTICLE “The Eternal Wheels of Intellect”: Dissertations on William Blake G. E. Bentley, Jr. Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 12, Issue 4, Spring 1979, pp. 224-243 224 "THE ETERNAL WHEELS OF INTELLECT": DISSERTATIONS ON WILLIAM BLAKE G. E. BENTLEY. JR. illiam Blake has been the subject of doctoral seems likely that there were more dissertations on Wdissertations for over sixty years, and a Blake written in Germany and Japan than are recorded sufficient number have been completed and here. accepted—over two hundred—to make it possible to draw some interesting conclusions about patterns of The national distribution of the universities interest in William Blake and about patterns in higher at which the degrees were awarded is striking: education. In general, the conclusions which these Canada 14 (mostly from Toronto), England 24 (mostly facts make possible, at least to me, confirm what Oxford, Cambridge, and London), Finland 1, France 3 one might have guessed but supply the facts to Germany 4, India 3, Ireland 1, Japan 2, New Zealand' justify one's guesses. 1, Scotland 1, Switzerland 4, the United States 204. I have no record of Blake doctoral dissertations Before one places much weight upon either the in Australia, Italy, or South Africa. About 96% facts or the conclusions based upon them, however, are from the English-speaking world,14 which is not one must recognize the fragmentary nature of our surprising, and about 77% are from the United States evidence and whence it comes. About 60% of those which I suppose is not really surprising either, theses of which I have records are listed in considering that there must be about as many Ph.D.