STATE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

REPORT FOR 2019

www.oprf.ru STATE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

REPORT FOR 2019 UDK [324/324+338]:328.181(470+571)’’2019’’ BBK 65.9(2Рос)+66.3(2Рос)+67.400.6(2Рос) Contents Д63 INTRODUCTION 4 D63 Report on the state of civil society in the Russian Federation for 2019 — М., 1. INSTITUTIONS OF PUBLIC CONTROL AND FORMATION OF the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 2019. “PEOPLE’S AGENDA” 6

ISBN 978-5-89644-136-6 Citizens’ petitions as a tool to understand the “people’s agenda” 8 Regional civic chambers as public-state dialog sites 12 Public councils: new role in the work of authorities 21 Inter-commission working group to prepare the report L.Y. Mikheeva, Civil society activists in the field of public control 27 V.A. Fadeev, M.S. Anichkin, V.I. Vinnitsky, V.V. Grib, N.A. Daikhes, N.M. Ignatenko, E.A. Istyagina-Yeliseeva, A.N. Kovalchuk, S.A. Kuznetsova, A.N. Maksimov, M.A. Pogosyan, Public Monitoring Committees (PMCs): humanitarian and social tasks 32 N.B. Pochinok, A.A. Malkevich, A.V. Razbrodin, S.I. Rybalchenko, E.V. Sutormina, Public expertise: contribution of civil society to the quality E.A. Topoleva-Soldunova, E.M. Tsunaeva, I.E. Chestin, A.V. Shipulin, I.L. Shpektor. of institutional environment 35 Local and territorial self-governments as an environment for forming The working group expresses its gratitude for taking part in the work and the civic engagement 44 materials provided to members of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation V.A. Bocharov, I.E. Diskin, A.E. Dudareva, Y.K. Zimova, K.A. Komkov, A.R. Krganov, Media environment and challenges of information society 49 E.Sh. Kurbangaleyeva, Y.V. Ogloblina, V.V. Okrepilov, S.V. Razvorotneva, S.I. Rybalchenko, 2. THE THIRD SECTOR DYNAMICS: PROGRESS OF VOLUNTEERING, CHARITY AND A.E. Tkachenko, L.A. Shafirov, A.Y. Shutov, as well as the head of the FSU “Office INFRASTRUCTURE FOR NPO SUPPORT 54 of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation” P.V. Andreev, Professor in Development of volunteering and promotion of patriotic the Department of Philosophy at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University education as tasks of civil society 56 F.Y. Albakova, Associate Professor at the Institute of Civil Service and Management in the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Measures to develop charity and increase credibility in non-profit organizations 61 Public Administration O.V. Koroteeva, Director of the Institute for Socio-Economic Non-profit sector as a new branch of socially responsible economy 66 Studies of Population of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.V. Lokosov, Research Government support of non-profit sector 76 Director of the Public Opinion Fund E.S. Petrenko, Professor in the Department of 3. SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS WITHIN NATIONAL PROJECTS: CIVIL SOCIETY Philosophy at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University G.M. Ponomareva. PERSPECTIVE 80 The report was approved for publication by a decision of the plenary session of Challenges of social policy 83 the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation on December 9, 2019. Ecology and quality of living environment 86 Demography needs breakthrough solutions 92 Editors: T.G. Nasriddinov, T.S. Ilarionova, G.N. Bibikov, A.I. Kudryavtsev, F.V. Nitochkin, A.K. Nozadze, A.D. Tretyakov, A.M. Khryastunova, with the assistance of V.A. Vanin, Health of the nation: contribution of social initiatives 96 P.I. Zolotov, E.G. Orlova, V.I. Orlov, O.G. Prosypkin, A.M. Severinchik, G.A. Seiranyan, How ensure accessibility and quality of healthcare 100 E.V. Falevich, A.S. Yukhno. Accessible environment for everyone — imperative 102 Care for those in need: improvement of the PBS system 105 Photo materials: press service of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, Stock Photos Lori and Shutterstock. Where we will live: housing and comfortable urban environment 107 Public control of spatial development: the National Program for the Far East 112 Layout, pattern, pictures — FID “DELOVOY EXPRESS”. Public activity and development of rural territories 114 Intellectual heritage for future generations: development of education and science 117 Cultural sphere in focus of civil society 123 © Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 2019. 4. PUBLIC DIPLOMACY SPHERE: RUSSIA’S SOFT POWER 126 CONCLUSION 136 FOOTNOTES 138 Introduction

The Annual Report on the state of civil discussions strongly reflect the current society reflects the results of discussions state of civil society, estimate the most and expert work of members of the acute social problems, and ways to solve current composition of the Civic Chamber. them. Considering that the Civic Chamber is a collective public body, composed of 168 “Community” forums held annually by the members working on equal terms, with Civic Chamber have proven themselves to be their own experience in public activities one of the leading sites for discussing such and understanding of the tasks in the problems, as well as the most important development of civil society, various matters of national socio-economic matters and positions are often viewed development. The main participants in differently or even oppositely. forums are representatives of non-profit organizations, civic chambers and councils, { monitoring of regional legislation that its promotion would have been much The Civic Chamber, as the central institution experts, and representatives of federal determines the formation of procedures more difficult without the active, dynamic of organized national society is eager to and regional authorities. In 2019, forums and principles of organizing activities contribution to the discussion by the give a quick response to the current public were held in the North Caucasus, Far East, of public councils in government bodies projects’ authors, i.e. winners of the annual agenda, and conduct long-term systemic North-West, and Central Federal Districts. of constituent entities of the Russian contest for socially significant projects “My projects in the field of public control. Each of these forums was dedicated to Federation, civic chambers (councils) of project is for my country!” considerating one relevant topic in the municipalities; The most important component of development of civil society. In addition, one cannot but note the “feedback” with society is citizens’ { monitoring the level and quality of the contribution to the results achieved in the petitions. Annually the Chamber receives The final forum in Moscow attracted more non-profit sector’s development in new work format successfully launched by up to 30,000 petitions, and all of them than 3,000 people, and made it possible to the constituent entities of the Russian the Chamber in 2019. What is involved here are taken into consideration in relevant examine the entire field of civil activities Federation; is the preparation of special reports on the commissions. In some cases, results are and go through in detail new priorities for analysis of various problems and matters of achieved immediately by sending a request a dialog between society, government, and { search for new mechanisms to support social and economic policies: “Ten years of to the authority and indicating the level of business in 2020: socially significant initiatives and activity by public monitoring commissions public attention to the problem, in others projects within corporate programs of in the constituent entities of the Russian 1 it’s necessary to carry out additional { public control of the implementation of social responsibility; Federation”; “Demography-2024: how to monitoring and discussions. national projects and programs; ensure sustainable natural growth in the { improvement of the procedure for population of the Russian Federation”;2 Public hearings on the country’s most forming and ensuring public monitoring “Participation of NPOs in the implementation { improvement of legislation and law 3 significant matters and expertise of the enforcement practice in the field of commissions in places of detention. of social services”; “‘Russian breakthrough’ 4 most important bills held by the Chamber regulating non-profit organizations; and the tasks of civil society”; “Family policy: are practical and action-oriented. Such The listed field of works was discussed and support measures as viewed by families”;5 public events, being a form of public supported at a meeting of members of the “How to save the village: employment control by law, are aimed at preparing { breaking down administrative and Civic Chamber and civil society activists issues”.6 regulatory barriers for socially- recommendations for the responsible with the First Deputy Chief of Staff of the oriented NPOs to participate in socially authorities; and a systematic approach of useful activities; Presidential Executive Office S.V. Kirienko, Materials for special reports and public issues at the legislative or law enforcement held on November 1; the final day of the discussions at the Civic Chamber, or during level. A systematic solution is always “Community” forum in Moscow. field sessions and “Community” forums, the result of efforts of many people and { improving the procedure for conducting monitoring, expert surveys, and public organizations, and painstaking work with public discussions and public hearings It should be noted that the formation of expertise constitute the problematic basis regulatory documents. The results of these in implementing urban planning; an expert position on these issues and of this Annual Report.

4 5 01 #INSTITUTIONS OF PUBLIC CONTROL AND FORMATION OF THE PEOPLE’S AGENDA

7 The main task in the development of public This work has been substantially built The number of petitions received by the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation control is to increase the transparency of up in several directions: work with in terms of federal districts (relative population of districts), per 100,000 the decision-making process by officials, citizens’ petitions, activization of regional strengthen feedback between state and civic chambers and public councils, 17 municipal authorities and the population, methodological assistance of PMCs, and 13 and, as a result, increase the level of public expertise of the most important 12 public credibility in the state in general. legislative initiatives. 9 9 9 9

4 #Citizens’ petitions

Central Siberian Southern Northwestern Volga Ural North Far Eastern as a tool to Caucasus Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal District District District District District District Federal District understand the District “people’s agenda” Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation The main portion of petitions concerns the governments, , and supervisory and control judicial and law enforcement system, social organizations. As a whole a series of cases sphere, and housing and communal services. have achieved results. In 2019 (as of December 1, 2019), the Civic The Central Federal District (CFD) remains Matters of housing and communal services Chamber of the Russian Federation received the leader in the number of petitions. are traditionally the most frequently topic For example, in March, the Civic Chamber 17,042 citizens’ petitions. The source of In absolute terms, 6,636 requests were come across in citizens’ petitions. Hundreds received a collective petition signed by more petitions is via both the Russian Post and received from this district. The Far Eastern of petitions are sent annually to the state than 4,500 residents of the city of Pokrov and other channels: through the personal Federal District is where the least number authorities in constituent entities, local self- the Petushinsky district in the Vladimir Region, reception of citizens in the Chamber’s of petitions come from. building, via a special form for electronic petitions on the Chamber’s website — oprf. Topics of citizens’ petitions received by the Civic Chamber of Russia, % ru, and through the hotline (call center).

The number of petitions received by the Civic Chamber 11 of the Russian Federation, in terms of federal districts 20 State, society and politics 6,636 (39%) Social sphere

Economy 30 2,551 (15%) 2,295 (14%) 2,022 (12%) 26 National defense, security and law 1,205 (7%) 1,051 (6%) 855 (5%) 308 (2%) Housing and communal services 13 Central Volga Siberian Southern Northwestern Ural Federal North Far Eastern Federal Federal Federal Federal Federal District Caucasus Federal District District District District District Federal District District

Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation

8 9 Gurtskaya, resulted in two administrative conditions for living and educating children cases against the airline under two articles: in the family were created. After an address “Sale of goods, performance of work or by the Chamber to the governor of Karelia, provision of services in the absence of the situation became highly publicized. In established information” and “Deception May 2019, the court quashed the restriction of consumers” of the Administrative Code and immediately returned the children of the Russian Federation. back home.

For several months, members of the Civic Working with citizens’ petitions is a high Chamber of the Russian Federation dealt priority and will continue. New formats are with a problem in the city of Kostomuksha being developed. The practice of having in the Republic of Karelia, where, based on a “zero day” before each “Community” a lawsuit by the city administration, a court forum has proven itself — members of the decided to limit the parental rights of a Chamber, arriving for the forum, conduct family with multiple children; six children excursions according to citizens’ petition were taken away from their parents. The suit from that region, helping to resolve local against the family included inadequate living issues. Methodological work with regional conditions, lack of sleeping and working chambers to organize work with citizens’ places for lessons, etc., while the necessary petition is being conducted.

who were protesting against a project to build project’s implementation until a mutually a section of the Moscow-Kazan high-speed acceptable solution has been reached is railway through a residential development under consideration.8 of the city of Pokrov. The results of the audit carried out by members of the Chamber Members of the Civic Chamber often have were sent to the President of the Russian to deal with the level of competence and Federation V.V. Putin with a request to give an the negligence of local self-governments order to construct the route of the highway functionaries. For example, a citizen living without affecting the existing populated in the city of Kovrov, Vladimir Region, turned areas. At present a decision has been taken to the Civic Chamber hotline on issues to halt the highway’s construction.7 related to the activities of medical and social examination institutions. The MSA bureau Another collective petition from the city of requested control documents for his case at Pokrov, contained a protest against a capital the behest of the Chamber. After that, the repair of the Volga federal highway M-7 local MSA suddenly revised its own decision within the city. According to the capital repair and changed the disability group from project, the road passing through the city second to first. In another case, an airline and its historic center has been upgraded ordered a single mother of two disabled to a highway and practically divides the city children to buy 13 tickets to transport them into two isolated sections. Based on the after an operation from the city of Kurgan results of a field meeting held in the city back home via a flight through Moscow. of Pokrov, and a meeting that followed at An inspection conducted at the request of Rosavtodor, the possibility of rejecting the a member of the Civic Chamber, Diana

10 11 The total number of members of regional Civic chambers cooperate with the full #Regional civic civic chambers exceeds 3,500. The activities range of non-profit organizations — of most chambers are organized within the veteran, youth, trade unions, educational framework of relevant commissions. To and environmental, societies for the chambers as date, 83 civic chambers in the constituent protection of historical and cultural entities of the Russian Federation have 646 monuments, but analysis shows that non- commissions acting in various areas. As a official civic initiatives still lack proper public-state rule, the main commissions deal with social support. According to a Civic Chamber issues, e.g. healthcare, education, housing survey during the “Community” forum,11 dialog sites and public utilities, demography, public the number of NPO employees and civil control, etc. The name of the commissions society activists engaged in the work of reflects regional specifics. For example, civic chambers is growing annually, but up the Civic Chamber of Moscow has a to half of the representatives of the third commission on “Smart City” technology. sector do not participate in their activities. In regions civic chambers are first and civic chambers were created in all regions The civic chambers of the Khanty-Mansiysk Hence, we need to improve feedback foremost sites for public dialogue. According of Russia to protect the rights and freedoms, Autonomous District — Yugra, the Yamal- channels and support mechanisms here. to Federal Law No. 183-FZ from June 23, 2016 to concern the needs and interests of Nenets Autonomous District and the “On General Principles of Organization and citizens and non-profit organizations in Krasnoyarsk Territory, have commissions Approximately half of the survey’s Activity of Civic Chambers of the Constituent the formation and implementation of state that deal with matters of the indigenous respondents during the “Community” Entities of the Russian Federation”9 and the policy, and to ensure public supervision of peoples of the North.10 forum believe that the civic chamber relevant laws of the constituent entities, authorities’ activities.

Have you personally participated in the activities of a regional Civic Chamber?

Yes, many times 28%

Yes, once or twice

No, never 48%

24%

Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation12

12 13 How do you evaluate your experience in communicating Do you think the Civic Chamber of your region carries out its functions with a regional Civic Chamber? as a platform for interaction between the non-profit sector, civil society activists, business, and government?

24% Mostly positive Mainly carries out its work 27%

Mostly negative Doesn’t carry out its work

No experience 49% Not sure 11%

65% 24%

Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation13 Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation16 of their region acts as a platform for for by law, and the rules of the chamber have of the Civic Chamber of the Komi Republic across all regions of the country took interaction between the non-profit not been adopted.14 was among the leaders.17 part in public control of the presidential sector, civil society activists, business, election. In 2019, the practice of public and government. The other half of the Meanwhile, an increase in the activity The civic chamber of any region as a observation was continued and developed. respondents believe that the chamber is of regional chambers is indicated by platform for a dialogue primarily depends The necessary amendments to legislation not a successful platform for interaction, monitoring data on the openness and on the position of the members themselves, of the constituent entities of the Russian or they do not have a definite answer to transparency of their websites.15 The but also on the resources available, and Federation made it possible to attract this question. In general, the potential for most common format for reporting on the attitude of regional governments: almost 40,000 watchdogs to public control regional civic chambers as institutions to the activities of civic chambers is the where governments are more engaged in in regional elections. At the same time, organize civil society at the local level is news: all 83 websites have this section. the discussion of current problems, the working groups that monitored the election quite high. At the same time, the goal for Announcements about upcoming events better the conditions for dialogue and the process in the most difficult regions in both the Federal Chamber and regional are published by 48 websites of regional search for acceptable solutions. terms of possible violations were formed chambers should be an assessment of chambers. Thirty websites have a special in close cooperation with the Presidential their work, when the absolute majority section dedicated to the examination of In this context, it is gratifying to see that Council for Civil Society and Human Rights of respondents recognize the chambers’ bills, 18 websites have reports directed in recent years the greatest achievements and non-governmental human rights active influence on the dynamics of public toward the authorities. Fifteen websites of the chambers are related to the organizations. opinion and the promotion of public have texts of legal acts regulating the development of public control. Back in initiatives. issues of working with citizens’ petitions. 2018, the chambers were actively involved The second most important direction to None of these websites have information in the organization of public watchdogs enhance public control in 2018–2019 is the Against this backdrop, it is disappointing to on the chamber’s budget performance. in elections. The Civic Chamber of the implementation of national projects and the see the situation in Sevastopol, where the Russian Federation, together with the CEC achievement of targets of the presidential civic chamber did not hold a single meeting Based on the set of criteria (functionality, of Russia, developed a gold standard for decree from May 7, 2018. Many regional in 2019 due to the lack of a quorum. This relevance, and interactivity), the monitoring observing the enforcement of citizens’ civic chambers created working groups raises the question about the need to form leaders in 2019 remain the websites of electoral rights. And this standard was on public control of the implementation a new composition of the chamber after the civic chambers in the Kirov, Yaroslavl, used by public watchdogs to assess the of national projects as part of this work. the dissolution of the current composition, and Chelyabinsk Regions, as well as the situation in specific polling stations. For example, the Civic Chamber of the however, such a mechanism is not provided Krasnodar Territory. In 2019, the website In 2018, more than 150,000 watchdogs Republic of Khakassia formed such­­­

14 15 resolving the problems of defrauded home Associations”. Today, this new legislation buyers and performs public control of allows public organizations to receive housing construction.21 financial resources even prior to the start of a project. The proposals by the St. Petersburg The Ulyanovsk Region has a broad network Civic Chamber were also included in “The of municipal councils on public control Plan for the Implementation of the Strategy in the field of medicinal supply, road of Action for Women” and in “The Program maintenance, the availability and condition for Improving Comprehensive Medical and of sports facilities, and the availability of Social Assistance to Elderly Citizens”.22 medical and cultural facilities under the program “Accessible Environment”. More The results of monitoring made by the than 2,500 people participate in the work Civic Chamber of Russia have shown that of such councils. Launched in 2014, the 10 regional civic chambers have been practice of hearing reports by members of vested with the right to make legislative the Government of the Ulyanovsk Region initiatives.23 The Civic Chamber of the on their activities and the activities of Kaliningrad Region actively implements subordinate institutions successfully this opportunity. In particular, such an distinguished itself. Public activists have initiative helped Kaliningrad Region law No. the opportunity to communicate directly 304 from July 1, 2019 “On Public Councils with the heads of ministries; questions and under the Government of the Kaliningrad topics for discussion are then referred to Region” to be adopted.24 In 2019, the Civic the authorities. Chamber of the Kursk Region prepared a regional bill “On Patrons and Patronage In the Sakhalin Region, regional and Activities”. This bill is included in the rule- municipal civic chambers took part in the making plan of the Kursk Regional Duma.25 a group, which in addition to members of public controllers.20 The Civic Chamber implementation of the project “Special The experience of granting the legislative the regional chamber, includes chairmen of the Russian Federation, together with Child’s Opportunities Map”. More than initiative to the subjects of public control of municipal civic chambers and public colleagues from the regions, summarize 1,500 people took part in a survey on health seems to be an important area for expert councils under executive authorities. best practices in this area and facilitate problems in the region. It helped to identify study at a platfrom of the Federal Civic Following the studying of the passports of their spread. the main issues: staffing and health Chamber and within the framework of the regional projects, “road maps” for public services accessibility (some services can “Community” forum in 2020. monitoring were compiled. The head of The specific agenda of public control in the be given only in medical institutions located the republic and the heads of regional regions is diverse. However, as a rule, it in the central regions of Russia or abroad, The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation ministries took part in a plenary meeting of focuses on people’s everyday problems. which, in turn, leads to large and sometimes is not the governing body for the regional the republican Civic Chamber in September For example, after the intervention of enormous financial costs). chambers. While at the same time, the 2019.18 The Civic Chamber of the Volgograd the St. Petersburg Civic Chamber, it was Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation Region implemented a working group possible to help home buyers who asked In St. Petersburg, the attention of the Civic does provide methodological support for to supervise the execution of the May public activists to monitor the construction Chamber helped to speed up the process regional civic chambers. Such support is Decrees; members of the Chamber are of several residential complexes and of combining social and medical services. aimed at consolidating the principles of also members of the project committees verify the quality of the work being carried Public activists have repeatedly reported self-government, independence, openness, involved in the implementation of national out at the facilities. Thanks to the Civic about the need not only for one-time, but and transparency in their everyday projects in the region.19 The Civic Chamber Chamber defrauded home buyers were comprehensive and long-term assistance activities. Despite the representatives of all of the Vologda Region developed a system able to sit down at the negotiating table for to citizens, especially the elderly. On July regional chambers having the opportunity of public control for the national project the first time and ask questions. Based on 1, the city opened a Social Service Center to interact at plenary meetings of the “Safe and High-Quality Roads” to monitor the consultations, participants in shared and a social neighborhood physician. The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, the formation and use of road funds at all construction received assurances that it new structure keeps records of citizens in order to ensure constant interregional levels. Joint work with the Department of planned to complete the construction and who need various types of social and interaction on public control, the Council of Public Road Administration and Transport put into operation 21 “problem” residential medical assistance. The St. Petersburg Civic Civic Chambers of the constituent entities of the Government of the Vologda Region buildings. The Civic Chamber of the Chamber also initiated amendments to the of the Russian Federation coordinates the resulted in a photo illustrated memo for Republic of Tatarstan is also involved in Law “On Grants of St. Petersburg for Public activities of regional chambers in terms

16 17 of implementing new prioritized initiatives attended by 49 leaders of public activists Have you personally participated in municipal (city or district) and interregional projects, and facilitates from different regions of the country, some civic chamber events? the interchange of experience and best of whom were selected at previous sessions practices. The monitoring conducted of the Civic Chamber’s University, the rest by the Council shows that regional civic passed competitive selection. As part of the chambers still have many organizational project, young leaders are taught to find problems. Often such problems include resources through which social change can Yes, many times the weak activity of the chambers, lack of be launched in the regions. 23% competencies for establishing constructive interaction with the authorities, the media, The experience of 2019 showed that in Yes, once or twice NPOs, and organization of activities on a number of socially significant conflict public control. These problems can be situations at the local level, the role of No, never solved with more coordination between civic chambers as an organized institution 50% the chambers for an intensive exchange of of civic dialog was not quite in line with positive experiences. their potential. In the scheme of things, we can talk about the shortcomings of the 27% As a response to this problem, in November mechanism to form civic chambers, which 2019, members of regional civic chambers often make them dependent on the regional could attend a series of training seminars political situation. In light of this, the Civic held as part of the project “The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation is Chamber’s University”. The module was discussing legislative changes aimed at

Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation26

improving the mechanisms to form civic from 5 to 10 million rubles, and 20 have chambers. from 1 to 5 million rubles. The Budget Law of other constituent entities has no As has been repeatedly highlighted, separate budget line for the activities the implementation of the principles on of the Civic Chamber, and funds may be which the chambers’ activities shall be received from the budgets of regional based is currently hindered by legislative ministries and departments, for example gaps in establishing a minimum level of from a ministry of labor and social security. financial support for their activities. The The perennial lack of funding for ongoing issue of financial support often mitigates work significantly reduces the quality of the high-quality organization of current work in public control, and independence work, for example preparation of events, in discussing various problems. The materials for public expertise reviews, Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation results of public control, etc. At present, suggests that it is necessary to add a rule 44 regional budget laws have a separate in regional legislation on the mandatory line for ensuring the activities of the Civic financing of the current activities of civic Chamber. Each constituent entity decides chambers. on the issue of ensuring the activities of the civic chamber based on its capabilities; Municipalities in many regions have therefore, the level of financial support for created civic chambers. According the chambers’ activities varies significantly: to a survey conducted as part of the 8 chambers have financing exceeding 10 “Community” forum, nearly half of its million rubles per year, another 10 have participants already have experience of

18 19 #Public councils: new role in the work of authorities

Public councils are permanently acting Russian Federation”, public councils consultative and advisory bodies of public under federal executive bodies are control under federal executive bodies. formed on a competitive basis.27 In The Public Council is intended to ensure recent years the principles of autonomy that the needs and interests, and the and independence of public councils rights and freedoms of citizens and public from public authorities have become associations are protected and taken a universally recognized norm. These into account during the implementation criteria were developed with the of state policy, as well as to monitor the participation of the Civic Chamber of the activities of federal bodies; for example, to Russian Federation, and were reflected consider bills, participate in monitoring of in a resolution of the Government of the quality of public services, evaluate the the Russian Federation adopted in June effectiveness of public procurement, etc. 2019.28 The organizer of competitions interacting with municipal civic chambers. there are no municipal civic chambers at to fill the vacancy in public councils The Moscow Region has civic chambers in all. Besides civic chambers and councils, According to the Federal Law “On the is the Civic Chamber of the Russian all municipalities, and their activities are many regions have other advisory bodies of Foundations of Public Control in the Federation. coordinated by the Civic Chamber of the social activists under the head of the region Moscow Region. The Irkutsk Region has 14 or mayor. And at the same time, the status municipal civic chambers (there are a total of some public structures under regional of 43 municipalities in the region). Some authorities (councils on interacting with regions have such a network of public business entities and expert councils) is control at the local level. often not defined.

At the final “Community” forum in Moscow, It is obvious that at the legislative level, a scheme where operating both branch and the activities of municipal civic chambers rural public councils was introduced using are not sufficiently regulated. And in fact, the Ivanovo district of the Amur Region as they are only mentioned in the Federal law an example. Out of a total population of on public control. This situation creates an 23,000 people in the district, more than overlap regarding powers and jurisdiction 200 residents are members of various of these institutions. The Civic Chamber public councils. of the Russian Federation plans to launch an expert discussion on the legislative At the same time, in a number of the regulation of the activities of municipal Russian Federation’s constituent entities civic chambers (councils).

20 21 Such instances are out there. The Public budget, and spotted the non-execution of Council under the Ministry of Natural powers by responsible structures and the Resources of Russia recorded the ineffective misallocation of funds. The Public Council implementation of the federal target under the Ministry of Natural Resources of public public 51 31 program “Lake Baikal Protection”. It is Russia were provided with documents on councils councils extremely difficult to implement the federal the proposed changes in the federal target formed formed during the current target program’s key event - the elimination program to harmonize financial assistance composition of the Civic of the negative impact of waste accumulated to the region. Members of the Public Council by the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill. In as part of a Civic Chamber delegation visited Chamber people 2018, the Audit Chamber of the Russian the city of Baikalsk to assess the practicality 1,287 (since June 2017) Federation conducted an audit that showed of the amendments. Public activists were in councils an inefficient spending of funds, in particular, able to monitor the progress of the project about 4 billion rubles were diverted from the to eliminate waste from the BPPM on the 15 councils 18 of them is checking candidate operate according to a new Activity profiles Standard for public councils PUBLIC EXPERTISE Federal Target Program “Baikal Lake Protection” 2012-2020

replaced outgoing members 1 earlier formed TAKEN UNDER council PUBLIC CONTROL in 21 councils totally “reset”

The Civic Chamber establishes the basic public councils have held competitions requirements for candidates; candidates to replace outgoing members, and one for the post of chairman of a public council previously formed council was totally are nominated by the Civic Chamber of the “reset”. Russian Federation. The term of office for the composition of public councils may not Members of public councils discuss NO TECHNOLOGIES FOUND exceed 3 years from the day of the first in- departments’ current initiatives, consider person meeting of the composition of the socially significant bills, and supervise public council. Today, there are 51 public their implementation. They also monitor councils formed under federal executive the quality of public services. Members bodies comprised of 1,287 people. During of public councils have significant billion the work of the current composition of powers and expert competencies that rubles the Civic Chamber (since June 2017), allow them to influence the agenda of out of budget 31 public councils were formed, 18 of departments, and most importantly, and stay idle them work according to a new Activity they have the opportunity to know all the Standard for public councils adopted in ropes of the department, without diving PUBLIC COUNCIL UNDER THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL 2018. The submission of documents has into the bureaucratic routine; and that been closed in 15 councils and the stage is why councils can be quite useful for RESOURCES OF RUSSIA of verifying candidate profiles is currently both government departments and civil revealed ine ective expenditure of funds in terms underway. And also, since June 2017, 21 society. of the BPPM and o ered another concept

22 23 are moderated by government officials. Do you know about the activities of public councils under executive Often the councils are slow in reacting to bodies in your region? social injustices appearing in the media, the legitimate claims of our citizens to the activities of state institutions, which has obvious consequences on the level of 12% credibility and interest in them on the part of I have experience of working the population. Sometimes public councils with public councils have heated discussions, but their results 37% remain unknown to the media and the public. Received information on the activities of public councils One of the most important tasks of 27% public councils in the coming years will I heard something about these be to discuss and publicly monitor the councils implementation of national projects. Public councils shall become a platform for

Never heard about them open and heated discussions on national projects: If there is any doubt that the 24% stated goals will be completed on time, and the goals themselves need to be adjusted, ground; the body implementing the project this should be spoken about directly. This is “Rosgeologiya”. During this event, it is an important format for civil society Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation29 became clear that the start of the project had to participate in the implementation of been delayed due to a lack of technological national projects. solutions. The Public Council gave specific proposals for changing this situation.30 In Regions, along with civic chambers, are some instances, if the issue is related to a forming public councils under executive hyped up newsworthy event the media sparks bodies, and in some cases this is already lively discussions with the participation of a large-scale network of public control. media personalities. This was the case, Technically, this work involves tens of when there was a discussion about a thousands of social activists throughout proposal by the Public Council under the the country. Most respondents of a survey, Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia on conducted during the “Community” forums, the introduction of the subject “Ecology for already have experience in interacting Sustainable Development”. This topic was with community councils in the regions or covered in 234 messages in the media, 2 receive information about their activities. clips on TV channels, and 726 messages on social networks. In some state institutions, the activities of the capital and regional public councils Such a proactive approach is inculcated are coordinated. For instance, members slowly and is rather an exception than a of public councils under the Federal Anti- tendency; today the potential of public Monopoly Service hold regular online councils is far from being fully realized. meetings, as well as joint meetings in A public council can also discuss the Moscow. In addition to interregional organization’s HR policy, including interaction assisted by public councils, explicitly addressing the resignation of any interinstitutional interaction can also be official, but so far such precedents have organized. For this purpose, a Coordination yet to happen. Public councils often form Council under the Civic Chamber on the an agenda based solely on departmental environmental safety of Russian citizens topics. There are public councils that was created.

24 25 An interesting initiative to form an entities (Voronezh, Amur, Tambov, and Assembly of regional public councils under Chelyabinsk Regions) have regional #Civil society relevant authorities was implemented by chambers that may participate in the the Ministry of Construction of Russia. formation of public councils. As a result an expanded public council activists in the field that helps the federal institution receive In July 2019, the Kaliningrad Region feedback from the regions appeared.31 The adopted the Law “On Public Councils first in-person meeting of the Assembly of Under State Authorities”. This legal act of public control Regional Public Councils in the areas of regulates the activities of public councils, construction and housing and communal the composition of which will now be services were held in July 2019 at the Civic in the hands of the Kaliningrad Region Chamber of the Russian Federation. The Civic Chamber, rather than of specialized The year 2019 marks five years since the Some regions of the country have a unified key topic of the meeting was the national ministries. Such a decision came from the entry into force of Federal Law No. 212- system of public control with clear rules project “Housing and Urban Environment” local legislative body for the first time, and FZ “On the Basics of Public Control in of the game and the ability to quickly and and the contribution of public councils to its in some way it is an unexpected decision the Russian Federation”. Despite the law effectively join in the work. For example, implementation. that creates a precedent, which could set clearly defining the structure of subjects active public control was created in the an example for other regions.33 Moreover, of public control, the actual quality of housing and communal services system, The dependence of public councils on the Kirov Region adopted amendments its enforcement depends on the activity initiated by the Civic Chamber of the Russian regional authorities is gradually decreasing; to the legislation, according to which and competence of ordinary members in Federation. Non-profit organizations served the practice of appointing civil servants the regional Civic Chamber forms 2/3 of local public control, namely housing and as a basis for creating resource centers for to public councils is almost history. For public councils under regional executive environmental inspectors, members of active housing owners, and the national example, in 2014, the Civic Chamber of authorities, coordinates the final civic chambers and councils, members of project “Housing and Communal Services the Stavropol Territory monitored the civic composition of public councils that should public monitoring commissions, leaders of Control” is a methodological center for councils of municipalities. At that time provide the chamber with the results of non-profit organizations, etc. regional NPOs. Public inspectors monitor 62% of the councils were led by heads of their activities. administrations or municipalities or their deputies; the councils included state In some cases, the streamlining of officials from various levels. Today, such the activities of public councils under tendencies have completely vanished.32 regional executive bodies is carried out on an institutional basis. For instance, The activities of public councils in the the system of public councils under the regions are weakly structured and largely territorial bodies of the Federal Anti- depend on the position of local authorities Monopoly Service is conducted with the and their desire to hear the voice of civil participation of regional civic chambers society. To evaluate the contribution of these and with the coordinated support of the civil society institutions to the development Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. of regions, solving local problems is quite difficult due to a few vivid examples of Most laws in the regions still do not such councils’ activities. The activities of indicate powers of civic chambers to public councils are regulated by regional form public councils under territorial legislation, which usually assigns them a executive bodies. The participation of civic role in the field of public control. If at the chambers in the composition of public federal level the role of the Civic Chamber councils is an important tool for ensuring in the formation of the composition and the independence and productive work of coordination of the activities of public these institutions. To resolve this issue, it councils under federal executive bodies is is necessary to amend regional laws on clearly provided in normative acts, then the public control, which enable regional civic regions do not have such certainties. Some chambers to participate in the formation of the Russian Federation’s constituent of public councils.

26 27 for this. The main activities in monitoring Children’s Hospice, budgetary federal the status of monuments and grave sites are and regional funding for palliative care carried out by public organizations.34 The for children was set. At the federal Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, level, 4.6 billion rubles were allocated, regional chambers, together with search and each region should add 20% to this NPOs, participated in the development of money and create a regional development the federal target program “Creation and program for this sector. The Children’s Restoration of Military Memorial Objects in Rights Commissioner for the President 2019–2024”.35 The relevance of the program of the Russian Federation, Anna was confirmed by a public inspection of Kuznetsova, together with the chairman military grave sites in the Leninsky district of of the Commission of the Civic Chamber the Republic of Crimea and the city of Kerch, of the Russian Federation on Charity, which did not always demonstrate a decent Civic Education and Social Responsibility, level of preservation and improvement, Alexander Tkachenko, launched the as well as the lack of passports for state monitoring of the organization of palliative registration of military grave sites in the care for children in the regions.38 On “Memorial” unified database. August 29, the first children’s hospice was opened in the Moscow Region with the A monitoring system concerning participation of Alexander Tkachenko in the orphanages is being developed to bring city of Domodedovo.39 their activities in line with Decree No. 481 of the Government of the Russian Federation One of the most important forms of public from May 24, 2014, which acts as the basis control is an independent assessment information about the quality of the the activities of homeowners associations, for reform in this sphere. According to data of the quality of services provided by conditions for the provision of services by the quality of capital repairs, and collect for 2018, the total number of individuals cultural, social care, health and educational organizations is facing problems. In light of the opinion of residents about the quality in orphanages is about 71,500 children. organizations. According to Federal Law this, it is necessary to consider the scope of improvement of the outdoor space. A Almost 29,000 of them are children placed No. 392-FZ dated December 5, 2017, public of powers of the Civic Chamber and civic successful example is the experience of the in these institutions by parents or other councils for an independent assessment chambers of the constituent entities of Kirov Region where, since 2018, with the legal representatives. At the end of the last of the quality of social services were the Russian Federation related to public participation of the regional Civic Chamber, year, the number of orphanages reached established under the Ministry of Culture of councils for an independent assessment control has been established over the more than 1,300, more than 90% of them Russia, the Ministry of Health of Russia, the of the quality of social services, including formation and approval of tariffs for housing are state-owned.36 The general task of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, participation in monitoring the results of and communal services. The final act, state and society is that a large number of the Ministry of Education of Russia, and the the assessment and following measures based on the results of complex monitoring children be brought up in families, preferably Ministry of Labor of Russia. These councils on their results. of housing and communal service tariffs for birth families. It is also necessary to reduce are formed by the Civic Chamber of the 2018, it was noted that the requirements the time spent by children in orphanages, Russian Federation from representatives Since January 1, 2014, bills of acts of to limit the growth of tariffs has not been and stimulate orphanages to organize the of all-Russian public organizations. They the Russian Federation’s constituent met and residents are paying an additional family setting for their pupils. assess not the quality of services themselves, entities concerning the implementation of comparable amount through taxes. but the availability of conditions for their entrepreneurial and investment activities The Civic Chamber also evaluates the provision, i.e. openness and accessibility of must pass a mandatory procedure on the At present, a system of public control provision of the services “Nannies for information, comfortable conditions for the assessment of regulatory impact. The around the implementation of the Law “On Orphans in Hospitals” according to provision of social services, including waiting business community, empowered by the Immortalizing the Memory of the Fallen Paragraph 88 of the action plan for the time, friendliness, politeness of employees at rights of entrepreneurs in the regions, is in the Defense of the Fatherland” is being Decade of Childhood. It is necessary to social care organizations, and accessibility of actively involved in this activity. developed. Today, according to the Russian improve the legal framework and expand services for people with disabilities. Ministry of Defense, out of 31,078 military the access of NPOs to the provision of social Since 2017, the Vologda Region has graves, the preservation level of 31% of services to children.37 To date, the activities of these public implemented the routine practice of graves has been rated as “unsatisfactory”. councils are developing quite actively, but conducting public control of road repairs. The maintenance of grave sites is managed This year, after a visit by the President of the the involvement of contractors on public The region has allocated budgetary funds by municipalities, which often lack the funds Russian Federation to the St.­­­­ Petersburg contracts who collect and summarize to launch a public control training program

28 29 for municipal employees. The Kursk procedural rights to apply to the court with Examples of legislative regulation of citizen participation Region opened a free resource center for a statement in protection of the interests of in public control representatives of civil society and NPOs an indefinite number of people. working in the field of public control, where they are provided with accounting and legal Today, the vast majority of regions have services for the whole year. adopted laws on public control, but there Public inspectors, What regulates the status are no laws on public control in the largest public experts of public inspector, public expert The development of a food quality control constituent entities of Russia, namely and public watchdog and public watchdog system is in process. The Komi Republic Moscow and St. Petersburg. The quality Civic Chamber, under the framework of of regional laws varies widely: Some acts Decree No. 403 of the Ministry of Natural the “Days of Control”, together with the successfully detail and develop the norms Public environmental inspectors Resources of Russia dated July 12, 2017 “On Ministry of Agriculture and the consumer of federal legislation, which makes the law Approving the Procedure for Organizing the market of the republic, assesses the a working instrument. The Kirov Region, Activities of Public Environmental Inspectors” quality of dairy products.40 The project by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Semyon Volchek, a contestant in the Civic and the Tyumen Region are good examples Rostekhnadzor Decree No. 293 dated August Chamber “My Project is for My Country!”, of laws on public control. In other cases, Public industrial safety inspectors 2, 2017 “On Approval of the Procedure for “Interregional System for Monitoring the lawmakers simply reproduced the norms Attracting Public Inspectors in the Field Safety and Quality of Food by Non-Profit of the federal law. of Industrial Safety by the Federal Service Organizations as an Institution of Civil for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Society in the Field of Consumer Protection” A negative practice of public control exists, Supervision and Qualification Requirements operates in 20 regions. During the course which has become widespread during for These Inspectors” of the project, they managed to significantly inspections of business entities by public change the attitude of the public to the organizations according to Article 45 of the problem of counterfeit food products and Federal Law “On Protection of Consumer Art. 20 of Federal Law No. 498-FZ dated Public animal inspectors December 27, 2018 “On Responsible Animals its ingredients. Rights”, which, in particular, gives the right Handling and on Amending Certain Legislative to conduct independent expert examination Acts of the Russian Federation” At the same time, many gaps remain in of goods, works and services, to carry out the sphere of legislative regulation and public monitoring of compliance with the law the organization of citizen participation in and, if violations are discovered, transmit this Decree No. 1491 of the Government of the public control. According to the legislation, information to the competent authorities. Public inspectors and public Russian Federation dated December 26, 2016 experts in housing control individual citizens and public associations Taking advantage of the legal illiteracy of “On the Procedure for Implementing Public Housing Control” are not subjects of public control, but business owners, dishonest employees of they have the right to participate in public organizations conduct raids among its implementation. In order to do so small and medium-sized businesses for Resolution No. 491 of the Ministry of Education they must have special knowledge and personal gain. Similar violations exist in the Public watchdogs during the state and Science of Russia dated June 28, 2013 “On final certification of educational the Approval of the Procedure for Accrediting experience in the relevant field, as well system of public control in places of detention. programs Citizens as Public Watchdogs During the State as be officially approved as participants Final Certification of Educational Programs in public control (public inspectors, public Additionally, legislation does not establish of Basic General and Secondary General experts, and public watchdogs). However, the responsibility of subjects of public Education, the All-Russian Olympiad of School the procedure for empowering public control for distorted or inaccurate Students and Other Olympiad of School inspectors, experts, and watchdogs are information, and the responsibility of Students” approved not in all areas of public control. persons who impede the implementation of public control. Further institutionalization Federal Law No. 67-FZ dated June 12, 2002 In light of this, the quality of sectoral of public control is necessary, including Public election watchdogs “On Basic Guarantees of Electoral Rights and laws in the field of public control should the requirements for the subjects of public the Right of Citizens of the Russian Federation to Participate in a Referendum” be improved. There are suggestions to control in the preparation and conduct of provide subjects of public control with the public inspections.

30 31 and painstaking work on the selection of The Civic Chamber strives to attract as #Public Monitoring candidates, requiring a responsible and many active citizens as possible to work balanced approach. Since the adoption of in the PMCs. The Civic Chamber prepared the law, public monitoring commissions a guidance manual to help a candidate for Committees (PMCs): in most regions have already replaced its the PMCs to understand the requirements their fourth composition of members. In of regulatory documents.43 The priority total 367 compositions of PMCs members for the Civic Chamber is to increase the humanitarian and have been formed, 6,988 documents representation of candidates for PMCs for candidates have been considered, of from socially oriented NPOs, which could social tasks which 4,344 people have been appointed strengthen the work on social rehabilitation as members of PMCs. Sometimes there is and social integration of prisoners. We criticism of the Chamber related to the fact should support the thesis expressed by that certain candidates were not supported. public activists at the final “Community” A special place in the system of public make sure that those who break the law are In this regard, it should be noted that the forum that flawed members of society control is held by the institute of public held in conditions that meet established foundation of decisions is based on several need support in difficult life situations and monitoring commissions for public control requirements, and the rights guaranteed by criteria: the need for regular rotation of PMC that they often have to start life over from to ensure human rights in places of the Constitution are strictly observed. members, the professional experience and scratch. detention (PMC). reputation of candidates, and the quality of A feature of the activities of the PMCs work of current members; the total score is According to data obtained in consultations The history of the existence of public in the Russian Federation is that, unlike based on the reports received by the Civic with the Presidential Grants Fund, in 2019, monitoring commissions began in June other world analogues (“visitors” in the Chamber of the Russian Federation. the Fund supported 42 projects in the sum 2008, when the law “On Public Control UK or France), members of a PMC in the of 91.1 million rubles in support of the rights of Ensuring Human Rights in Places of Russian Federation are approved directly In 2019, the work of the Civic Chamber of convicts and the work of PMCs. In 2018, Detention and on Assistance to People by one of the institutions of organized civil on the formation of new compositions 27 projects in the sum of 65 million rubles in Places of Detention” was adopted.41 society — the Council of the Civic Chamber for PMCs was distinguished by a special were supported. In 2017, 37 projects in the Members of PMCs carry out inspections on a of the Russian Federation. In this regard, scale: 45 regions of Russia completed the sum of 100 million rubles were supported. voluntary basis, outside their main working the Council of the Civil Chamber of the procedure of forming new PMCs. As part There are organizations that are subsidized hours. The main purpose of control is to Russian Federation bears a quite serious of the campaign, 1,165 applications were by the Russian Ministry of Labor. But this submitted, of which 971 were recognized as is still not enough. The Civic Chamber will complying with the requirements of the law. make every effort to facilitate the financing As a result of the competition, 709 people, of the activities of non-profit organizations or 60.8% of the total number of candidates, and foundations involved in the social entered 45 PMCs. New PMCs were formed reintegration of prisoners. in the Nenets and Chukotka Autonomous Districts (they could not be formed earlier, In 2019, as part of methodological support because there wasn’t enough applications for PMC members, the members of the from candidates). The composition of PMCs profile commission of the Civic Chamber have outstanding members: Well-known of the Russian Federation conducted 15 activists from the human rights movement, events, carried out more than 30 visits to and professionals who are deeply involved in places of detention (mainly jointly with the topic.42 The maximum composition of the PMCs) in 19 constituent entities of the PMCs of 40 people was immediately formed Russian Federation. A significant event in four constituent entities of the Russian for the participants in the human rights Federation: Moscow, St. Petersburg, the movement dealing with the problems of Krasnodar Territory, and the Sverdlovsk prisoners was the preparation of a special Region. The number of PMCs members report by the Civic Chamber of the Russian increased in another 17 regions where the Federation called “Ten Years of Activities rotation took place (in the Rostov Region, of Public Monitoring Commissions in the Nizhny Novgorod Region, the Vladimir the Constituent Entities of the Russian Region, the Komi Republic, etc.). Federation”.

32 33 Regular contact with the problematic the legislation that clearly establishes the agenda of public control in places of duty of the PMCs to regularly report on the #Public expertise: detention allows the Chamber to take an results of its work. active role in improving the regulatory framework of PMCs activities. In 2018– A key problem is the material and contribution of 2019, joint work with the Civic Chamber, technical and financial support of the allowed us to eliminate the following PMCs activities. This is not about paying gaps in regulatory support and the salaries to the PMCs’ members, as they the civil society to organization activities: Members of the work on a voluntary basis, but about PMCs were given the right to film, video, compensating them for the travel costs to the quality of institutional and photograph, measure temperature, the place of inspection, communication, humidity, and light in the places of the purchase of consumables, and other detention facilities in order to record operating expenses: today, members of the environment violations of the rights of detainees. PMCs pay their costs themselves. In some The increase in transparency and the regions, places of detention are hundreds prevention of violations was facilitated of kilometers away from the administrative by the withdrawal of medical service of center, which makes such trips very costly. the Federal Penal Service from direct In this regard, it is necessary to actively An important instrument of public control and public organizations than the original subordination to the heads of institutions promote the issue of reimbursing the is public expertise. The task of public version. In fact, it was public organizations and territorial bodies of the penitentiary costs of implementing the PMCs activities expertise is to hold a dialogue and coordinate that set the structure of the bill and the system; now they are directly subordinate from regional budgets. socially significant interests of various direction vector for state institutions. After to the Health Care Department of the communities, authorities and business. the adoption of amendments to federal law, Federal Penal Service of Russia. Such a sensitive topic as the protection The preliminary readings (“zero readings”) the concept of palliative care was expanded: of the rights of prisoners, the highest conducted by the Civic Chamber, actually In addition to medical services, palliative Obviously, many issues in the activities of requirements for transparency, and the give independent public assessment of care should include socio-psychological and PMCs require further improvement both ethics of public control must be respected. the impact of the proposed decisions on spiritual care. in terms of legislative support for their During the functioning of the PMCs, there the sphere of legislative regulation, the activities, and in terms of methodology. are cases of abuse committed by their forecast of improvement or deterioration of In 2019, the Ministry of Economic The level of work by commissions in members; several former members of the position of people, social groups, and Development of Russia developed a bill “On different regions varies significantly. PMCs have been convicted of bribery. At conditions for entrepreneurial or public Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the There is a big gap in the ratio of the the same time, the Civic Chamber today activities. Russian Federation in Part of Improving number of members of PMCs and the does not have legislatively fixed levers of the Regulation of the Activities of Socially- number of places of detention in some influence on the activities of the already For 2019 (as of November 26, 2019), the Oriented Non-Profit Organizations”, which regions. The legislation does not actually formed PMCs and their members; there Civic Chamber conducted expertise of 21 provides for norms aimed at systematizing reflect the duty of the PMCs to report to is no procedure for removing members of bills, of which 14 were in the format of information on the provision by authorities the Civic Chamber: There is a norm that the PMCs. In this regard, the Civic Chamber preliminary readings, i.e. before the first of all levels of financial support to SO NPOs PMCs should send materials following the of the Russian Federation proposes to reading in the State Duma. (socially-oriented non-profit organizations) results of public control, however, neither consider amending the legislation, which through their listing in the Single portal the dates, nor the frequency of provision would provide the Council of the Civic The most important example of work in this of the budget system of the Russian of these materials, nor their contents Chamber with the right to remove members area is the law on palliative care.44 The Civic Federation, improving the reporting system have been indicated. In light of this, the of the PMCs. Chamber held discussions in the regions. of NPOs, inspections cycle, provision of SO final “Community” forum demonstrated Meetings with experts from medicine and NPOs individual state support measures opinions on the need to strengthen There is no doubt that the PMCs system has representatives of patient organizations, established for small and medium-sized feedback between the Council of the Civic already made a significant contribution to allowed to discuss the expanding of the concept businesses with the same number of Chamber of the Russian Federation and improving the penal system in our country, of palliative care, the availability of pain relief, employees and the size of income, as well the existing members of the PMCs. In and further progress in this area depends and various aspects of accompanying palliative as special conditions for participation of general, support was given to the idea on our common efforts, perseverance, and patients at home. By the third reading, this SO NPOs in the privatization of the leased that it would be reasonable to amend adherence to the principle of civil society. legislative initiative passed a row of serious state and municipal property. According to public discussions and to a greater degree the results of public expertise held by the reflected the opinion of the expert community Civic Chamber prepared a report containing

34 35 the consumer’s safety and increase the on June 5, 2018, and was adopted in first reading on December 13, 2018. The corresponding bill No. mobility and accessibility of the distribution 428641-7 was sent to the State Duma of the Federal network. Assembly of the Russian Federation on March 29, The bill was submitted to the State Duma of the 2018, adopted on first reading on October 17, 2018. Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation on As of November 25, 2019, the date of consideration of December 5, 2018. As of November 25, 2019, the both bills in the second reading was not determined. date of consideration of the bill in the first reading was not determined. The bill regulating the work of cultural professionals was harshly criticized by Following the results of public hearings on them regarding the introduction of regular a package of bills regulating taxi services, (not more than once every three years) the Civic Chamber drew attention to the competitions to confirm the qualifications need for conceptual revision of the bill. of cultural professionals with whom labor Supporting the introduction of compulsory contracts were concluded for an indefinite insurance of civil liability of transport period. An amendment to the Labor Code of operators, the Civic Chamber proposed the Russian Federation provides employers to detail the responsibility of all market with the right to terminate a labor contract players (representatives of aggregators, based on the results of a competition or if a taxi-booking services, authorized bodies, cultural professional refuses to participate drivers), and develop and consolidate a in it. The Civic Chamber suggests that the detailed procedure for such liability.46 novation does not fully take into account the Bill No. 481004-7 was submitted to the State Duma specifics of the work cultural professional, of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation and the criteria for confirming qualifications commentaries and suggestions to the As of November 25, 2019, the bill was not submitted bill. In particular, it was noted practical to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the problems that need to clarify the projected Russian Federation. provisions to solve problems that facing SO NPOs during the formation and submission The bill on non-stationary and retail of reports to the Ministry of Justice of delivery trade, which was also discussed Russia. as part of a public expertise at the site of the Civic Chamber, affects both the interests of Criticism was sparked by provisions business and consumer rights. In particular, establishing quantitative characteristics of it introduces uniform approaches and the average number of employees (“from basic principles for registering the right to 101 to 250 people”) and income level (“from place non-stationary trading facilities and 800 thousand rubles to 2 billion rubles”) as a reflects such key points as the conclusion condition that will be taken into account when of contracts for retail trade for a period of deciding on providing SO NPOs with support by five to seven years, a one-time extension of organizations forming support infrastructure the contract without bidding, priority retail for small and medium-sized enterprises place and a number of other provisions. It (borrowing, guarantees and sureties). Given is assumed that the municipal authorities this condition, new types of support will be will introduce amendments to the layout able to use only large NPOs. At the same of objects of non-stationary trade for time, credit provisions and independent public discussions involving residents and guarantees are being desperately sought by business entities interested in placing small NPOs that implement social projects these non-stationary or mobile retail (providing services in the social sphere) and facilities.45 Supporting the bill as a whole, do not have other stable sources of financing the Chamber in its conclusion proposed their activities. a number of clarifications to balance

36 37 do not indicate their professional skill and As of November 25, 2019, the bill was not submitted legal regulation of the quality of food products” was As of November 25, 2019, the bill was not submitted quality of work, but only come down to to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the adopted by the State Duma in the first reading. As of to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the quantitative indicators.47 Russian Federation. November 29, 2019, the date of consideration of the Russian Federation. bill in the second reading was not determined. As of November 25, 2019, the bill was not been submitted to the State Duma of the Federal Participants of the hearings in the The Civic Chamber supported the bill Assembly of the Russian Federation. Civic Chamber pointed out significant Following a public expertise a bill banning “booze shops” in residential shortcomings of the bill on the quality and elaborated by the Ministry of Economic buildings. Participants of the public The discussion of the bill on “cyberdruzhina” safety of food products and amendments Development of Russia “On Amendments expertise emphasized that the quality of (cybersquad) whipped up public talks. The bill to article 37 of the Federal Law “On to the Labor Code of the Russian life and the safety of citizens should be the prescribes the cooperation of volunteers who Education in the Russian Federation” (on Federation Regarding the Establishment highest priority of the state policy. Thus, the spot extremist information on the Internet school meals). In particular, it was pointed of the Specifics of Labor Regulation bill proposes to provide state authorities with law enforcement agencies. It is assumed out that the basic terms of the law are not of Persons Working with Employers of the constituent entities of the Russian that cyberdruzhina will struggle with posting unambiguous and have loopholes. Who are Non-Profit Organizations” was Federation with the right to establish information prohibited in Russia on the supported. The bill is aimed at reducing additional conditions for the retail of liquor Internet, including that aimed at promoting For example, the term “healthy nutrition” the additional resource burden for NPOs on in catering services in apartment buildings, war, inciting ethnic, racial or religious hatred does not take into account the age-related, the development, approval and amendment including a complete ban on the retail of and hostility, as well as information which physiological characteristics of the body, of personnel documentation. For this liquor products, based on a decision of the dissemination is punishable by criminal including mental and physical stress. The purpose, the document provides NPOs general meeting of premises owners in an or administrative law. The main fears of terms “food safety” and “unacceptable with the features of labor regulations of apartment building made according to the those opposed to the bill are related to the risk” have evaluative categories; “food employees working for small business Housing Code of the Russian Federation. censorship on the Internet, transformation of products for baby nutrition” does not entities, namely, it is proposed to establish The bill also plans amendments aimed at the new law into an instrument of pressure contain requirements for differentiation the possibility of concluding, by agreement establishing restrictions on the minimum on freedom of speech and settling personal depending on the age and physiological of the parties, a fixed-term labor contract area of the customer area (with a total scores. And at the same time, the hearings characteristics of children; “hot meals” by persons entering into work relations space at least 20 square meters) and in the Chamber had comments that the is defined as “a product that is brought with NPOs, as well as the right of NPOs requirements for compliance with regional bill should regulate the existing practice of to culinary readiness”, but it is clear that as employers to refuse local regulations legislation on ensuring peace and quiet of working with cyberdruzhina, including such temperature and culinary readiness are not containing labor norms. citizens. According to the participants of the controversial as, for example, provoking identical concepts. public expertise, the changes proposed in pedophiles.48 the bill are aimed at eliminating the existing As of November 25, 2019, the bill was not submitted Among the significant shortcomings of the negative consequences and reducing social to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the bill, the participants of the hearings noted tension in the field of public relations under Russian Federation. a too broad interpretation of the concept consideration. Moreover, participants of of “food product turnover”; the absence the public expertise suggested that the Of course, the teaching community among 18 well-developed GOSTs for the proposed restrictions in the bill extend to supported amendments to the Law on organization of public catering a separate low-alcohol drinks as well. Education, aimed at reducing the paper standard for the nutrition of children in The bill was submitted to the State Duma of the reporting of teachers. The bill, which was pre-school, school and social children Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation considered as part of the preliminary institutions; the inability to track down the on March 29, 2018, adopted in first reading on readings in the Civic Chamber, provided monitoring of GMOs; the need to develop September 24, 2019. As of November 25, 2019, the date of consideration of the bill in the second a limitation of the list of documents a GOST on the control of non-dairy fats reading was not determined. which pedagogical workers should and other components associated with prepare. Often, the administrations of dairy products; the blurring of the concept a number of educational organizations “authenticity of food products”. A particular interest among the public and shift their responsibility for the formation Bill No. 797249-7 “On Amendments to the Federal the professional community was sparked by and maintenance of reporting onto the Law ‘On Quality and Safety of Food Products’” and the bill “On Amending Certain Legislative shoulders of teachers, which affects the article 37 of the Federal Law “On Education in the Acts of the Russian Federation (Regarding quality of their basic duties.49 Russian Federation” regarding the improvement of the Ban on the Creation and Operation of Unitary Enterprises)”, elaborated by the Federal Antimonopoly Service in order to protect competition in local markets.

38 39 The Civic Chamber considered with State Authorities of the Constituent simultaneously within the public expertise Entities of the Russian Federation, Local of a bill banning the creation and Government and Public Organizations implementation of unitary enterprises and on the Issues of Immortalizing those a bill of the Government of the Russian Who Died During the Defense of the Federation “On the Implementation of the Motherland, the Procedure for Verifying Activities of State Unitary Enterprises” the Information Contained in the Names of aimed at preserving certain types of unitary Persons who Died During the Defense of enterprises. the Motherland, and Used When Inscribing Memorials and Objects, as well as the List The Civic Chamber drew attention to the of Information on Persons Died during the premature development of this bill prior Defense of the Motherland Indicated on to the adoption of the bill “On Amending Memorials’”, proposing to expand the list of Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian powers granted by the bill to the constituent Federation (regarding the ban on the entities of the Russian Federation to creation and implementation of the immortalize those who died in the defense activities of unitary enterprises)”, and at of the Motherland and the maintenance of the same time formulated proposals for military gravesites within their territories, the refinement of the list of activities for as well as formulating proposals to detail the implementation of which state unitary the procedure for verifying the information enterprises can be created with activities contained in the name lists of those who aimed at ensuring socially significant died during the defense of the Motherland, functions such as, e.g. drinking water and and to make inscriptions (changes in them) food supply of settlements in remote and on memorials.52 inaccessible areas; the activities of housing As of November 25, 2019, the bill was not submitted The Civic Chamber considers that the issues for the population can lead to and communal services (communal to the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the provisions of the bill do not take into account social tension and a deterioration in services, operability of boiler houses, etc.); Russian Federation. No further information on the the consequences of the withdrawal of the quality of life. The discussions in street and road maintenance services progress of the bill. unitary enterprises working with socially the Chamber demonstrated opinions in (outdoor space cleaning and watering, significant markets (in which there are favor of differentiated approach, taking snow and ice removal, maintenance of the The Civic Chamber annually holds a practically no private enterprises) and into account the state of competition in territory) and others.51 preliminary reading of the draft of the operating in underpopulated remote urban socially important sectors in remote, As of November 25, 2019, there was no information federal budget, and stands for the priorities districts and settlements where competition inaccessible settlements, i.e. in areas on the further progress of the bill. of modernization of the social sphere and is completely absent or at a very low with low investment attractiveness and national development objectives reflected in level. In this case, this is the reference to low profitability. In addition to issues Issues of immortalizing those who died this highly important financial document for socially significant areas of activity where related to attracting business entities defending the Motherland and improving the the country. According to the participants of daily maintenance of the proper level of to work in those segments occupied by legislation in this area are under constant the hearings, while the state budget revenues ensuring the needs of the population is SUEs (state unitary enterprise) and MUEs focus of the Civic Chamber. Thus, the Civic are increasing (only this year they grew by necessary in order to create comfortable (municipal unitary enterprise), there will Chamber, as part of a public appraisal, 10–11%), the draft of the federal budget in living conditions for people. Among them, be an acute problem of employing people took an active part in the refinement of the 2019 includes an increase in expenditures in particular, include transport services, released from these unitary enterprises. bill “On Amending the Law of the Russian only by 0.7% of GDP (up to 16.8% GDP), and removal of domestic waste and refuse, If a unitary enterprise is a city-forming Federation ‘On Immortalizing the Memory in 2020 by 0.5% of GDP (up to 17.3% of GDP). supply of utility services, cleaning of streets enterprise, then its reorganization can of the Victims in the Defense of the At the same time, in 2019, citizens’ incomes and roads, pharmacy, etc. have serious negative consequences for Motherland’ (hereinafter referred to as shrunk by 1.5%. the territory.50 “the bill, the draft of federal law”) and the The liquidation of unitary enterprises in The bill was adopted in first reading on December draft order of the Ministry of Defense of the The Ministry of Finance of Russia, considers socially significant areas in the absence 11, 2018. As of November 25, 2019, the date of Russian Federation ‘On Establishing the the document as balanced and verified. of legislative consolidation of alternative consideration of the bill in the second reading was Procedure for Interaction of the Ministry However, according to the members of the effective mechanisms for resolving vital not determined. of Defense of the Russian Federation Civic Chamber, the project developers lack

40 41 an understanding of the wide social context Other legislative initiatives that were also As of November 25, 2019, the law was under the time period established by law, by in which the Russian economy is immersed. discussed in the Civic Chamber include consideration by the Council of Federation of the posting the current editions of such headline-making bills on the prevention Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. The regulatory acts on the “Official Website Among the main problems is the of domestic violence, animal cruelty, conceptual proposals of the Civic Chamber were for Posting Information on the Drafting brushed off. effectiveness of budget spending. An distributed custody, requirements for the by Federal Executive Bodies Regulatory adoption of the budget at the end of the alcohol advertising, improvement of the Based on the experience of conducting Acts and the Results of Their Public current year has become a common state cadastral valuation, improvement public expertise by the federal and regional Discussion” (https://regulation.gov.ru); practice, and budgetary funds, are legislative mechanisms governing civic chambers in 2019, it seems advisable received no earlier than July — August, children’s access to cultural values and to promote the following initiatives aimed { to amend the legislation which defines after the completion of all necessary cultural goods, on enabling students’ at increasing attention to the institute of obligation of the subject of legislative procedures, in particular tenders for admission to educational activities and public expertise and its effectiveness: initiative to send a reasonable response public procurement, and the work must others. to the conclusions of the Civic Chamber be completed before the end of the year. { routinely recommend subjects of public of the Russian Federation and civic The weak efficiency of the Law on Public At the regional level, an agenda of public control to use the “Official Website for chambers of the constituent entities Procurement (44-FZ) is due to the fact expertise is formed around legislative Posting Information on the Drafting by of the Russian Federation based on that tenders attract companies of a poor initiatives that are of fundamental and Federal Executive Bodies Regulatory the results of a public expertise of understanding of the subject area, and the strategic importance for the development Acts and the Results of Their Public regulatory acts; main criterion remains the price of goods of a particular region and the quality of Discussion” (https://regulation.gov.ru) and work (services). life. For example, the Civic Chamber of the when conducting a public expertise of { oblige the federal executive authority Stavropol Region held a discussion on a bill the regulatory acts; developing a bill, to delegate their Participants once again noted the need on Caucasian Mineral Waters elaborated by representatives to attend public for a wide expert discussion of the the Ministry of North Caucasus Affairs. The { oblige responsible federal executive hearings at the Civic Chamber of the draft of the budget at an early stage, Chamber stated that the proposed initiatives bodies to update timely information Russian Federation on the expertise of when considering its main conceptual lead to the emasculation of the legal status on public discussion of bills within the regulatory act. provisions, macroeconomic forecast and of a specially protected ecological-resort key indicators. region of federal significance.53

42 43 The Civic Chamber formulated a number modeling the urban environment and #Local and territorial of proposals and comments, in particular, developing the transport system of on the unlimited shift from a two-tier the regions. Today, there are many system of local self-government to a successful examples of the participation self-governments single-tier, which risks a concentration of civil society in the development of urban of municipal authorities at the “district” space; projects are often implemented level and conflicts with constitutional in new interesting formats. Specifically, as an environment norms (Chapter 8 of the Constitution of transport infrastructure and accessibility the Russian Federation) and the general are the most important condition for for forming civic concept of the Federal Law of October 6, the development of small cities. A key 2003 No. 131-FZ “On General Principles of advantage is made up of the connection of the Organization of Local Self-Government the place both with the outside world and engagement in the Russian Federation”. with the surrounding settlements. There are already successful practices where As practice shows, it is necessary to make residents determine themselves buses’ broader use of mediation mechanisms in routes. An example is the city of Tutaev public hearings, which would imply the in the Yaroslavl Region, whose residents Local self-government is one of the key areas of the draft of the Federal Law No. 631751-7 the participation of a reputable independent designed the city transport system with in the activities of the Civic Chamber of the Federal Law No. 631751-7 “On Amendments mediator in the dispute settlement process. their own efforts.54 Russian Federation in 2019. The Chamber to the Federal Law ‘On General Principles of During the “Community” forums, the idea stands for removing barriers and improving the Organization of Local Self-Government of creating a unified electronic register of Great hopes are associated with the interaction between civil society in the regions, in the Russian Federation’” regarding the public hearings, the maintenance of which development of proactive budgeting, when local self-government and regional authorities. improvement of issues of the territorial could be undertaken by the Civic Chamber of the residents of the territories are directly This was addressed through a public expertise organization of local self-government. the Russian Federation repeatedly appeared. involved in determining priority problems of local importance and the distribution of The strategic goal is to reformat the part of the budget funds, and in addition, institution of public hearings in a way connected to public control of the projects allowing to create working groups of implementation. public representatives, public councils on urban planning and architecture issues The Komi Republic allocated 90 million under municipal administrations and rubles within the framework of the project under district administrations, which “People’s Budget” to implement local will be involved in projects at the earliest initiatives, with a focus on improving stages of planning any object, and to settlements.55 In 2019, the Primorsky assign to public hearings a role of a real Territory, for the first time held a barrier through which one cannot drag any competition of projects initiated by groups society-unfavorable decision. of citizens, and TSGs (territorial self- governments). The winners among rural To this end, in 2020, the Civic Chamber of settlements received 100 thousand rubles, the Russian Federation intends to analyze the winners from urban settlements 200 the regulatory legal sources governing thousand rubles, and from urban districts public hearings during urban planning in the 500 thousand rubles.56 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and prepare proposals for amending the The Bryansk Region allocated 100 million legislation in order to implement the rubles for the implementation of 89 procedure for carrying out these procedures. proactive budgeting projects.57 A discussion of the initiative “Interactive Budget for For example, it is necessary to involve Citizens”58 which is underway at the Civic residents of cities and villages in Chamber of the Russian Federation, allows

44 45 residents to participate independently implement completely extraordinary and in the formation of the municipal budget unique initiatives and projects. and propose their initiatives to local authorities. In the future, this project could The Voronezh Region created about two be a real breakthrough in the organization thousand TGSs and launched a special of local self-government in Russia. regional grant program for TGSs. In Buryatia, the TGSs movement began to develop in An important format for discussing and 2010, and currently more than two thousand solving local problems is the territorial TGSs operates in the region, and since bodies of territorial self-government 2012, holds annual republican contest “The (TSGs), which were widely developed in Best Territorial-Public Self-Government”.59 some regions. In June 2019, the Civic The Bryansk Region has 605 TGSs, which Chamber held one of the “Community” address issues of improvement, fundraising forums, which cover the topic “Citizens’ for self-taxation, help with paperwork and Self-Organization and Local Government” are actually voluntary assistants to heads of in the Arkhangelsk Region, a region where rural settlements.60 Often, it is a territorial TSGs have long and active experience of self-government that is the most development. The TGSs movement provides understandable way of co-organization serious support in solving local problems for people to solve specific problems. In and allows reaching a qualitatively new many cases, territories are developing level of territory development. Often TGSs exactly where TGSs are created.

There are other interesting examples. comments. In total, over 8,000 responses, In 2019, the Primorsky Territory for the initiatives, and solutions to various first time held a projects competition problems were received. The contest initiated by residents of municipalities of helped to reveal objective results of the the Primorsky Territory to resolve local work of the city district administrations, issues. Projects could be submitted by which helped to establish a dialog between initiative groups of citizens and TGS.61 society and the authorities. The Ulyanovsk Region holds the Festival of Local Communities, a platform for the A serious resource for the formation of an “collection” of public initiatives to develop active civil society is the development of settlements, improve infrastructure, and housing self-government. According to mapping of problem fields and growth the Housing Code, owners of apartment points on the territory of municipalities. buildings are responsible for the maintenance of common property, they The Civic Chamber of St. Petersburg are obliged to participate in general supported the project “Open Petersburg”, meetings and make decisions regarding the main idea of which is to build the life of the house. Each house must credibility between the state and society. have a Council of an apartment building Interactive maps of St. Petersburg and the (the only exception is the house in which Leningrad Region were presented on the the homeowner association is created). developed website, where residents could Housing activists groups and apartment choose the district and municipality, vote building councils, working mostly for for a particular project and leave their free, are the most massive volunteer

46 47 detachment in this country, performing a particularly declared as a priority in the huge amount of work. development strategy of the housing and #Media communal services until 2020), specific Among the leading topics in the citizens’ decisions made by the authorities petitions to the contact networks of contribute to a decrease of owners environment and public control in the field of housing and activity. In particular, the role of general communal services are charging fees meetings in deciding the selection (re- for housing and communal services and election) of homeowners association was challenges of complaints against the management of seriously reduced. Currently, to change apartment buildings and inappropriate management of an apartment building, information society management. A paradoxical situation takes changes to the register of licenses must place: The government keeps on adopting be made first. In this case, from the new regulations; licensing of homeowners moment of the meeting to the moment association has been introduced, but the record is changed, several years may the house management is downgrading. pass, which makes the owners doubt that The mass media is the most important third place in the rating of credibility after This is because the owners do not have they can really control the situation in the institution of civil society, which is a the army and the church.62 The information mechanisms to control the situation. apartment building. feedback channel between citizens and the environment in this country has been authorities, and it serves as an instrument developing very dynamically in recent years, Today, citizens play a passive role in the The owners have no real advantage for of public control, and broadcasts common and rather than based on the traditional sphere of management of apartment the financial impact on the management and shared semantic values that unite the mass media, but through an increase in the building. As a rule, in practice, owners organization. Regardless of the quality society. segment of electronic communications, and neither participate in meetings, nor of work of this organization, owners’ the development of the Runet. The Internet make important decisions on house money continues to be credited to the Surveys show that the mass media still has has already dramatically changed the management, nor choose councils of organization’s account. Often, owners credibility of Russian citizens and holds structure of the information consumption apartment buildings, nor control the are deprived of the opportunity to use work of homeowners association. At and dispose of the common property the same time, instead of fulfilling of apartment buildings, which by law their duties and exercising rights to they own together. However, in fact, the manage the house, many prefer to common property of apartment buildings solve problems by complaints to the (attics, cellars, prams, and elevators) is supervisory or regulatory authorities. alienated in favor of certain legal entities Such a paternalistic position is largely and individuals or transferred “to the generated by the authorities themselves. balance sheet” of municipalities. The Civic Despite constant statements that the Chamber is currently actively working to most important task is the formation of protect the rights of owners of common a class of active and responsible owners property and considers this direction one of apartment buildings (this task was of the most desirable among citizens.

48 49 of millions of Russians, and this trend will publication of inaccurate socially significant only increase. information disseminated under the fall pretense of truthful messages if it threatens And at the same time, the latter trend the life, health, and property of citizens or also carries certain dangers associated undermines public order or security. This with the absence of any filtering system law is supported by a fine of 30 thousand and verification of the information rubles to one and a half million rubles. The distributed on the network, which opens Civic Chamber believes that there is a need wide opportunities for misinformation and for a law that will oblige social networks manipulation of public consciousness. to monitor independently illegal content on Not less important matter is the general their websites. regulation of the Internet space. It is no secret that for public insults in the press On May 1, 2019, the President of Russia a person may be brought before court. V.V. Putin signed the so-called Law on the Meanwhile, the Internet space until recent Sovereign Internet.66 The essence of the times has remained out of any control. This innovations is that Internet providers have problem is one of the most pressing; it to transfer to the disposal of Roskomnadzor attracts attention of the state and the civil technical equipment, which, if the Russian society and is constantly on the discussion Federation is disconnected from the World agenda of the Civic Chamber. Wide Web, will manage the domestic segment of the Network.67 The law entered On March 18, 2019, the Federal Law into force on November 1, 2019, and a “On Introducing Amendments to the number of its provisions will come into Federal Law ‘On Information, Information force only in 2021. Technologies and the Protection of Information’” was signed.63 This legislative Recent years have been followed by a As known, according to the requirements audiences are facing increasing pressure. act empowers the Prosecutor General of dynamic transformation of the mass of the law the day preceding the In August, RT was fined £200,000 by a the Russian Federation and his deputy media. Social networks as a source of voting, political propaganda cannot British mass media regulator “Ofcom”, to identify websites on the Internet that news is used by 37% of Russians. At the be disseminated. Despite the timely for “failing to preserve due impartiality”. contain information that offends human same time, the main news distributors notification of Google and Facebook about In recent years, numerous violations dignity and public morality, obvious are generally foreign social networks the day of silence, this did not work: against Russian journalists and Russian- disrespect for society, the state, official such as Instagram, Facebook, and On September 7 and 8, Facebook was language mass media in the Baltic state symbols of the Russian Federation, YouTube.68 Literally today the dominance spreading advertisements and political countries have been recorded: Russian and the Constitution of the Russian of Western mass media in the Russian materials but the head of the social journalists were not allowed to attend a Federation. information space is an evident problem network shifted the responsibility on trial on the events of 1991; the Lithuanian with elements of censorship and advertisers. company “Init” was fined €150 thousand Upon detecting information, that offends prohibitions. For example, this year for refusing to suspend the relay of the state or society, the prosecutor general Instagram owned by Facebook deleted The inevitable conclusion that it is the Russian TV channel “RTR Planet”; or his deputies contact Roskomnadzor, the account of the TV channel “Arkhyz necessary to oblige foreign mass media VGTRK correspondent Olga Kurlaeva which must ensure the removal or block 24” from Karachay-Cherkessia, which structures (mass media and Internet was deported, then she was accused of of this web-resource. It is proposed to had 100 thousand subscribers, without companies) operating in the Russian “a threat to the national security”; with introduce administrative liability for such any explanation, and then the account market to register legal entities in the the same wording the editor-in-chief of violations, i.e. fines from 30 to 100 thousand of the TV company “Dagestan” was also Russian Federation that will operate under “Sputnik Lithuania” Marat Kasem, was rubles. The Law defines the procedure for deleted without explanation. Also, the Russian laws. In this case, they will be fully detained at the end of May, etc.69 removing such information from the web.64 Google administration, which owns the responsible for their actions, including video hosting YouTube, blocked without financial responsibility. Remarkably, most Western countries On March 29, the so-called fake news explanation access to the publication have the legislation that severely limits law came into force.65 It prohibits the channel “Ridus”. Unfortunately, we have to admit that the a foreign influence on the national mass Russian mass media focused on foreign media environment.

50 51 increased in recent years. However, the conditions for placing social advertising in 5% quota for social advertizing in the mass the media, i.e. allowed both paid and free media established in part 3 of article 10 of the placement of social advertising. SO NPOs Federal Law of March 13, 2006 No. 38-FZ “On that do not have significant funds, and in Advertising” is not met. And according to the some cases carry out activities mainly Coordination Council for Social Advertising depending on the state support (subsidies, and Social Communications under the grants), in most cases do not have the ability Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, to pay for the placement of social advertising. the real share of social advertising on federal channels does not exceed 2%. There are frequent cases when the Non-profit organizations complain about names of these organizations are not non-transparent procedures used by the mentioned in the plots of TV channels mass media, especially TV channels, when indicating the work of various SO NPOs, making decisions on the placement or non- or in the materials prepared with their placement of social advertising, as well as participation, do not mention positions its payment status. To increase openness, of employees out of concern that such understandability and transparency of mention in free advertising will be making such decisions, the instructions of interpreted by regulation authorities as the President of the Russian Federation, and unlawful, especially when it comes to SO the active assistance of the Civic Chamber NPOs that provide services payable by of the Russian Federation and the Ministry citizens, or receive subsidies from the of Communications of Russia, allowed to budget. There is a need for a more thorough create commissions on social advertising regulation of this matter. 29 regions under the Public Television of Russia, CTC have measures to provide SO NPOs with In September, the Civic Chamber launched the past year, but 22% saw it, saw or heard, Media, “Krasnaya Zvezda” media holding, preferential terms for advertising spaces its public control working group on 21% do not remember. If respondents saw “Gazprom-Media Holding”, VGTRK holding, owned by the constituent entities of the Internet. The key task of which will be to such advertisement, then it was devoted and Channel One. Information about the work Russian Federation. The vast majority analyze Western practices of regulating to compliance with traffic rules (7%), the of the commissions and their approaches to of municipalities have no transparent the Internet, as well as to develop anti-alcoholism (6%), healthy lifestyle place social advertising is available on the procedures for placing outdoor social measures that will help to counter the (4%), according to the survey. As indicated websites of these media. advertising.71 These and other issues monopolization of the web mass media. in the survey, most often respondents saw remain in the field of view of the During the discussions in the Chamber or heard social advertising on TV (56%), on The following remaining problems can be Coordinating Council on Social Advertising and at the “Community” forum, various the street — 46%, on the Internet — 31%, noted; the legislation does not regulate the and Social Communications. positions were expressed. Including that in clinics, schools, and universities — 23%. we need analogues of such Internet sites Almost half of Russians (44%) believe that as YouTube or Wikipedia. We must engage social advertising should primarily be in the development of our own IT platforms against domestic violence, 42% — anti- that will help guarantee a sovereign drug, and 38% — anti-corruption, 34% are Internet and ensure the information sure that such advertising should motivate security of society. responsible behavior on the roads, another 32% — anti-alcoholism.70 The Civic Chamber pays special attention to the development of social advertising. The Civic Chamber has a Coordinating In 2019, the All-Russian Public Opinion Council on Social Advertising and Social Research Centre indicated new data on the Communications, whose activities are attitude of Russians to social advertizing aimed at improving the quality and in the media. 71% of Russians believe that effectiveness of social advertising, and social advertising is needed, 24% are of enabling services for its distribution. The the opposite opinion. In general, 47% of number of references to SO NPOs in the citizens did not see social advertising over mass media and social advertising has

52 53 02 #THE THIRD SECTOR DYNAMICS: PROGRESS OF VOLUNTEERING, CHARITY AND INFRASTRUCTURE FOR NPO SUPPORT

54 55 Another measure of supporting volunteering. For example rescue- #Development of volunteering in the Civic Chamber of volunteers are involved in supporting the Russian Federation is the contest rescue and humanitarian operations “Volunteer of Russia — 2019”, the abroad. They face such a serious volunteering and application campaign ended on June 30. The problem of an urgent visa. Volunteers main volunteering event received a record need to arrive at the emergency scene number of applications — 28,144 projects as soon as possible. The Civic Chamber promotion of patriotic from activists from all over the country. This considers it necessary to establish year the grant fund of the competition is 45 mechanisms for obtaining visas for education as tasks of million rubles. rescue-volunteers and to regulate the legislative framework of this matter. The regions demonstrate not only the Russian volunteer organizations require civil society increase of interest in volunteering, but legal support to avoid preoccupation to the development of volunteering resource fall under the status of NPO as foreign centers, the most popular services of which agent. The Civic Chamber proposes to are financial support, training, information increase the duration of Russian visas for support in the mass media and the Internet, foreign volunteers working in Russia for An important indicator of civic activity until 2025, as well as an action plan to and the sharing of premises for volunteers.73 1 year. Such people, voluntarily helping and people’s desire to participate in promote volunteering activities of socially and free helping Russian citizens, can joint projects is the development of oriented non-profit organizations (SO Our country is being done a great apply for benefits in obtaining Russian volunteering, i.e. selfless individual NPOs) and charity.72 deal of work to develop international citizenship. or collective activity for socially useful purposes for the benefit of other people The Civic Chamber played an active role or society as a whole. in the development and discussion of the document, primarily acting on the basis of In this area, we are witnessing a radical the Volunteer Coordination Council under change in social stereotypes. If in 2013 only the Civic Chamber. Most of the proposals Do you know about the activities of resource centers for 3% of Russians considered themselves of the Civic Chamber were taken into NPOs in your region? as volunteers, to date, after only six account. years, already 17% of Russians say that 451 (39%) they are volunteers, and one in three The document defines 95 steps (points) has experience in volunteering. Almost for the analysis and removal of barriers the entire population of this country that hinder the activities of volunteering, 280 (25%) 257 (22%) approves of volunteering — 88%. In 2018 the launch of educational programs 156 (14%) Russia celebrated The Year of Volunteer and programs to support industry- that allowed the volunteer movement to volunteering in healthcare, social care, consolidate its status at the state level culture, ecology, and other areas. During and involve even more citizens. To date the discussions, representatives of Yes, I know, and I know, we turned I know, but I never volunteering organizations actively interact the volunteer community stated that we regularly use the to this resource center turned to the resource Never heard services of the resource with federal and regional authorities. all was not well with the admission of 1-2 times center volunteers to various organizations, and center The end of 2018 is marked by the the achievement of mutual understanding adoption of the Concept of promoting between the administration of various the development of volunteering in the social institutions and volunteers. The key Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation74 Russian Federation until 2025 and the to solve this issue is the development of summer of 2019, is marked by the approval methodological recommendations and Information on the awareness of the participants of the “Community” forum about the activities of the action plan for implementing the standard documents for employees of of resource centers75 Concept of promoting the development state institutions so that they understand of volunteering in the Russian Federation how to build interaction with volunteers.

56 57 Russian Federation. And, in fact, it confirms collection of scientific articles “Munich the effectiveness of state policy in this area. Betrayal: lessons for the modern world” based on the materials of the conference In connection with the deadline for the held by the Chamber. Round table “The implementation of the state program evolution of relations with Western allies: “Patriotic Education of Citizens of the from Normandy 1944 to the Cold War”, Russian Federation for 2016–2020”, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the approved by Resolution of the Government of opening of the second front in Western the Russian Federation dated December 30, Europe, allowed to bring together historians, 2015 No. 1493, the Civic Chamber conducted political scientists, public figures, and a survey on the implementation of the state representatives of state institutions. The policy of patriotic education of citizens in speakers of the roundtable emphasized the Russian Federation. The survey showed that today the targeted policy of a number that the most popular and effective forms of Western countries to distort history of patriotic education are the activities of is obvious. In particular, the landing of patriotic centers (clubs), military sports the allied forces in Normandy is of great games, festivals and contests of a patriotic importance, as likely it seems to be the key orientation, as well as a personal example moment of the Second World War. At the and meetings with veterans of the Great same time, the heroic contribution of the Patriotic War. To continue effective work on people of the USSR to the capitulation of the the formation of a patriotic consciousness fascist military machine is blurring. of citizens, the Civic Chamber proposes to extend the state program for 2021– The Civic Chamber is implementing the 2025, while ensuring public control on its project “Never Expire”.77 It was launched implementation and appropriate spending on the platform of the Civic Chamber of the of budget funds. Russian Federation on February 22 at a round table on the topic “Never expire. Problems In preparation for the celebration of the Year of studying and preserving the memory of Corporate volunteering is one of the This is a kind of “menu” of the measures of Memory and Glory, a special attention was the victims of the genocide of the peoples forms of business participation in solving that a company can take to for successful paid to preserve the historical memory of of the USSR in the temporarily occupied social problems, including those aimed implementation of corporate volunteering. the exploit of the Soviet people, their role in territories during the Great Patriotic War”. at reducing inequality in society. This the Victory over fascism, and to countering Moreover, the conference “Never Expire” sphere is quite diverse. Companies can According to members of the Civic the falsification of history. was held in the city of Veliky Novgorod, and work with a specific fund or participate in Chamber, patriotic education, along with the presentation of the project was held as individual charity events; charity races and the development of voluntary practices, Taking into account the dissemination of a part of youth forums in the North-West marathons, which are now popular, also remains one of the most important areas of examples of distortion of history for the last and Volga Federal Districts. constitute a form of corporate volunteering. state-public dialogue. The Commission of years by a number of foreign countries, the Volunteering is the participation of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation substitution of basic concepts, the pushing In 2019, the Civic Chamber conducted a company employees in educational work on Public Diplomacy, Humanitarian of anti-Russian historical concepts, the study on the situation of veterans who and targeted assistance to those in need. Cooperation and Maintenance of Traditional relevant commissions of the Civic Chamber fought in the ranks of the Red Army during To date, this area is developed mainly in Values conducted a series of surveys of the Russian Federation constantly carry the World War II and live in countries with large enterprises, but there is a potential that showed that our citizens consider out explanatory work, publish books and anti-Russian trends in diplomacy and for small and medium-sized companies. “patriotism as love for the Motherland”, brochures, organize round tables with the politics.78 European countries and the USA, An important area of work of the Civic “a sense of duty to oneself, family and the participation of historians and attracting regardless of their attitude to Russia and Chamber in this area is the development Homeland”, “philanthropy and justice”. Russian youth and foreign representatives. foreign policy rhetoric, provide veterans of the Corporate Volunteering Standard,76 This distribution correlates with the basis of the Soviet Army who participated in which is designed to help volunteers in of the system of traditional values embodied For example, the Civic Chamber of the the World War II with a decent standard small and medium-sized enterprises. in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation has published a of living, additional benefits and social

58 59 #Measures to develop charity and increase credibility in non-profit organizations

More and more people in Russia take { to simplify the procedure for obtaining part in volunteering activities; the tax deductions for citizens who donate business is developing its own corporate to non-profit organizations; social responsibility programs, and the importance of partnership between the { to strengthen tax incentives for legal state and NPOs is growing. According entities involved in charitable activities; to the monitoring of the state of civil society conducted by the Higher School of { to promote the development of Economics, 35% of adult citizens said that corporate charity and the involvement they voluntarily, without remuneration, had of NPOs in the development and participated in a socially useful activity over implementation of social business protection. In the meantime, the position The Civic Chamber of the Russian the past year (not to help family members programs on a competitive basis; of veterans in the former republics of the Federation, regional chambers, or close relatives). At the same time, 31% USSR is worse, the attitude to the veterans together with NPOs of search teams, of them did this within organizations, and { to expand the list of legal forms there varies depending on their attitude to participated in the development of 69% did it on their own.79 which is possible to create charitable Russia. For example, Ukraine showed facts the federal target program “Creation organizations; of mockery of the Victory Day on May 9, and and Restoration of Military Memorial Increasing interest in charity must be intolerant behavior and physical violence Objects in 2019–2024”. The federal encouraged and regulated, protecting from { to involve participants in charitable against the veterans. The Baltic countries target program “Immortalizing Those fraudsters. To this end, the Ministry of activities in various public councils under cling a state policy for the rehabilitation of Who Died Protecting the Motherland Economic Development, together with the state authorities and local governments, fascism is being implemented. The veterans for 2019–2024” was approved by Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, as well as in the development of various do not have any bonuses and benefits, while Resolution of the Government of adopted the Concept of Promoting the regulatory legal acts; the “forest brothers”, along with the Nazis the Russian Federation of August 9, Development of Charitable Activities who fought against the Red Army, receive 2019 No. 1036. The suggestions and in the Russian Federation until 2025. { to amend the Code of Administrative monthly payments. The situation with the comments of the Civic Chamber were The implementation of this document Offenses to combat fraudsters that provision of veterans of the Red Army in taken into account. It should be noted should make public support for charitable discredit charity in general. neighboring countries and attempts to that in practice, the main activities activities more active, lead to an increase falsify the history of the Second World War in the field of monitoring the status in donations, increase in the effectiveness Anti-Fraud activities are a particularly are of great concern to Russian civil society of monuments and gravesites are of charitable programs, and finally improve important issue for the image of charitable and require close attention of the state. conducted by public organizations. the quality of life of Russian citizens. As activities. A lot of unscrupulous businessmen part of the concept, it is planned: “play” on this field, and it is not always

60 61 Fields of activity of social entrepreneurs, %*

Children: pre-school institutions 6 4 Employment of socially vulnerable 19 groups at production 5 Children: developing programs

5 Healthcare 6 Recreation 14 Services for socially vulnerable groups

9 Geriatrics

Goods for the disabled

9 13 Culture, art 10 Ecology

Other

* According to the statistics of the All-Russian contest “Social Entrepreneur“.

#Good people2019|Civil Society Festival easy for people to understand whether Important progress has been achieved in #foryourself! #forothers! #forall they are dealing with honest benefactors or the field of social entrepreneurship. The July scammers. Each such case is dramatically 26, 2019 was marked by the amendments toxic, as it reduces credibility to real funds to Federal Law No. 209-FZ,80 which secured and discredits the charitable system itself. the concepts of “social entrepreneurship“ and “social enterprise”. The law defines the In 2019, the Civic Chamber enhanced anti- conditions for classifying the activities of 9 days Up to 500 ths. fraud activities in the field of charity and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) social advertising, initiating the development as social entrepreneurship, reflecting the festival guests of a Memorandum of Cooperation in order status of a social entrepreneur in a single to prevent the risks of fraud fundraising register of SMEs, and also securing possible through disseminating social advertising. special forms and types of support for social The need for its development is caused by entrepreneurship. There are four basic criteria repeated cases of fraudulent social advertising for classifying enterprise as social: The 6 theme zones More than 150 ths. and other forms of social communication, SME subject gives employment for socially master-classes which broadcast calls for the collection of unprotected groups of citizens, ensures the private donations and which are either not sale of goods (work, services) produced by exactly scammers or genuine scammers, or these citizens, itself produces goods (work, organizations. Also the Memorandum needs services) intended for such citizens, and/ to reduce risks both for the mass media, or carries out activities aimed at achieving which does not always understand that socially useful goals and contributing to the 45 charitable More than 120 ths. such messages can source from a scammer solution of social problems of society. The Civic performers transmitting intentionally false information, Chamber of the Russian Federation conducted foundations and for citizens who respond to emotional a series of public expertise of the editions calls and transfer their funds to scammers. of bills at various stages of its development

62 63 and approval; the main provisions were of development of social entrepreneurship supported by public figures, and received and existing practices in the regions are individual recommendations. Almost all regularly reviewed at all platforms of recommendations of the Civic Chamber are the “Community” forum dedicated to the reflected after the adoption of the law. progress of the system of rendering services in the social sphere. Within the project of the The issues related to the development Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation of social entrepreneurship are ranked #RegionNPO, the constituent entities of the high in the agenda of the Civic Chamber. Russian Federation, along with measures to The May 31, 2019 was marked by the All- support SO NPOs as providers of services Russian Forum “Social Entrepreneurship: in the social sphere, provide work on the Time to Act”. The main initiative stated at development of social entrepreneurship. the forum is the need to create a unified communication and practice-oriented The interest of people in the problems of platform for social entrepreneurs. The charity and the development of civil society is development of social entrepreneurship shown by the festival “Good People” held by were also discussed on special discussion the Civic Chamber. The festival is the venue platforms at the “Community” forum in for the presentation of various projects Ulan-Ude on May 30 and at the final forum implemented by charitable foundations, in Moscow on November 1, 2019. The issues public associations and civil society activists, and states social problems and involves foundations. Everyone could become their citizens to solve them. The festival is held volunteer or make any donation. annually in significant places of Moscow, highlighting the importance of civil society in The importance of charity for the the development of the country. The number development of civil society can hardly of festival participants is growing year after be overestimated, because selfless year. If in 2017 the festival was attended by assistance to others is a universal value less than 7 thousand people, then in 2019, for all civilizations, cultures and religions. up to 500 thousand people became guests of Therefore, the Civic Chamber of the the event held in the Gorky Park. Russian Federation proposes to include the topic of charity and mercy in the “Good people” is in partnership with the schools curriculum.81 A good illustrative largest charitable foundations and public example can be found in St. Petersburg, organizations; 45 charitable organizations where all schools of the city participate took part in the fair of funds. The festival in the “White Flower” charity event, that introduced the results of successful involves “Lessons of Kindness” when public projects that help solve critical elementary school students produce about social problems to residents and guests 70 thousand white flowers in support of of the capital. The motto of the festival: seriously ill peers. The Civic Chamber of “#foryourself! #forothers! #forall!”. Dozens the Russian Federation together with the of master classes and activities took place Ministry of Science and Higher Education in six thematic zones. Products created and the Ministry of Education will be in the creative studios of the festival were able to systematize the experience of the sent to care recipients of various social regions and, following the results, prepare institutions in Russia. The fair of the festival recommendations for schools on involving “Good People” represented 45 charitable children in charity and community service.

64 65 non-profit sector. Likewise, it is necessary foundations for the implementation of #Non-profit sector to change approaches to the statistical social services by the SO NPOs, and secured recording of NPOs, taking into account the concepts of “social service”, “recipient information on the number of full-time of social services” and “social services as a new branch of employees and volunteers to the real areas provider”. Regions prepare registers of of activity and financial indicators. The social service providers, and implement generalized data collected today say little phased programs of accessing NPOs to socially responsible about the situation and dynamics of the budget funds for the provision of services economy non-profit sector. to citizens in the social sphere. An important area in which the potential In 2016, a set of measures was approved. of civil society and NPOs can be involved is It aimed at ensuring access of SO NPOs social services. In 2019, the Civic Chamber operating in the social sphere to budget of the Russian Federation prepared a funds allocated for the provision of social The development of the non-profit sector in in their areas of activity, namely including special report entitled “Participation of services to the population. Federal Law No. Russia in recent years has been marked by religious organizations, trade unions, and NPOs in Services of the Social Sphere”, 44-FZ86 for SO NPOs establishes the benefits competing trends. The total number of non- sports clubs. It is clear that the measures of which allowed to highlight both the provided when procuring social services. profit organizations is decreasing, while the state regulation and support of such various achievements in this field in recent years role of NPOs in the economy is gradually organizations should be different (as for and the barriers that stand in the way of The state allocates significant funds to growing due to the expansion of the field commercial organizations). However, this further development of the sector.84 this area. At the beginning of 2019, 76 (72 of the NPOs’ participation in services to the approach comes in the practice of public in 2018) constituent entities of the Russian population of the social sphere. administration slowly, which may impede The advantages of NPOs are that they see Federation fund SO NPOs in the social the activities of single organizations. When specific problems of a person, are closer to sphere; 66 constituent entities have such According to the register of the Ministry of adopting many regulatory acts relating to people, often offer an individual approach support at the municipal level. In 2018, Justice of the Russian Federation, more business entities, the features of NPOs are and unique methods that are not available more than 31 billion rubles (in 2017 — than 218 thousand NPOs are registered in not taken into account, provided that many anywhere else. NPOs are not limited by 24 billion) were transferred to support Russia (223 ths. in 2016). According to the of them have a staff of 1–2 people and do branch and departmental affiliation, which socially oriented non-profit organizations regional civic chambers, the number of not receive ongoing funding. For example, allows them to respond quickly to changes in 83 regions, the financing was distributed working, active NPOs does not exceed 15– there is a legislative norm that the director in public life, respond more quickly to between 4.4 thousand SO NPOs, 22 mln 20% of their total number. The Primorsky of an NPO cannot be a volunteer. As a result, changes in demand, and new requests received services. This funds were spent Territory has about 3,000 NPOs registered, heads of small NPOs among pensioners and needs of service recipients. There on social protection and social services, of which about 250 are active and really automatically lose their status of non- are spheres where it is simply impossible education, culture, healthcare, physical work.82 The Stavropol Territory has about working pensioners, the indexation of to achieve significant changes without education and sports. 3,000 of registered NPOs of which about 90 pensions stop, although they work for free involving non-profit organizations, e.g. organizations work on a permanent basis, in their NPOs and do not receive salaries. prevention of socially dangerous diseases, At the same time, these impressive figures including disabled and veteran associations, There are cases when pensioners pay introduction healthy lifestyle and physical do not fully reflect the development of the women’s councils, monuments preservation themselves their own salaries, then deduct education to citizens, assisted living and non-profit sector itself. In some cases, society, and trade unions.83 taxes in order not to violate the law. employment of persons wth disabilities, the providers of these services are NPOs organizing recreation for children with reorganized from former budgetary The staff of the main part of NPOs does not There is a need in a delicate adjustment disabilities, etc. institutions. For example, according to exceed five people, but, for example, the of legislation that would take into account the Civic Chamber of the Trans-Baikal largest NPO of the Primorsky Territory is the features of the non-profit sector and In Russia, the state has taken a course Territory, the majority of the region’s regional council of veterans that unites 38 individual NPOs. The current law on non- towards active involving of non-profit organizations that received subsidies are cities and district organizations, about 700 profit organizations, adopted in 1996, organizations in providing the population state institutions that have changed the primary organizations with a total number with all amendments, turnes into a kind with social services at the budget expense. legal status of SO NPOs; the same practice of over 450 thousand people. The regional of “patchwork quilt” and conflicts with Federal Law No. 442-FZ85 laid the legal exists in the Republic of Bashkortostan. organization of the All-Russian Society the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. of Disabled Persons consists of about 25 Obviously, today there is a need to develop thousand people. NPOs vary significantly new comprehensive legislation on the

66 67 social services is more complicated and { lack of effectiveness of mechanisms DEVELOPMENT OF THE NON-PROFIT ECONOMIC SECTOR costly than for budgetary organizations for of interinstitutional, interlevel and We eager to ensure that the contribution of the non-profit sector of our country to the economic, which this process is digitalized. intersectoral interaction on the social and spiritual development of Russia is constantly growing participation of SO NPOs in the provision An equally difficult problem is the accurate of services in the social sphere; PUBLIC MONITORING OF THE ENTER PROJECT #REGION NPO and competent qualification of the OF SO NPOs INTO THE SOCIAL service that NPOs provide. Sometimes { lack of mechanisms for regular SERVICES MARKET the respective registers do not have many review of existing lists of services #RegionNPO unique NPOs services, which means that and standards for services that are they cannot demand to be provided at the not provided by state (municipal) expense of budget funds. Narrowly targeted institutions; 46 190 small organizations that provide only a few CIVIC CHAMBERS NPO OF RUSSIA CREATED AGREEMENT services cannot be recorded into the register { the imperfection of the tender took part in the 190 NPOs of Russia FEDERAL on interaction between of social service providers. Large and diverse procedures in the procurement of goods, monitoring sent their data PLATFORM and report for the report the Federation Council organizations are usually selectable. This works, services for state (municipal) for presentation and the Civic Chamber of the best regional of the Russian Federation deprives the possibility of competitive needs (Federal Law No. 44 — FZ), experience in supporting within the project "NPOs Region access and the use of the potential of NPOs which substantially complicates the The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation SO NPOs (Gallery of Regions)" prepared a special report “The participation of NPOs in particular cases. Positive is the practice participation of SO NPOs in such tenders; in the Services of Social Sphere” of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation to adapt the regulatory { excessive reporting of SO NPOs for 13 framework in the field of social services to rendered services and lack of access by REGIONS provide SO NPOs with a competitive access SO NPOs to information systems that shared their best to the provision of social services. For simplify the submission of such reports. practices and received COORDINATION COUNCIL experts feedback example lists of social services have been ON SOCIAL ADVERTISING AND updated in the Sakhalin and Tula Region. According to the Civic Chamber, in order to SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS increase the effectiveness of the participation The stable operation of SO NPOs in the of SO NPOs in the provision of social services, provision of services is also significantly it is necessary: complicated by months-long delays in CREATED "NPO-PROFI" PROJECT COMMISSIONS paying for the services rendered by them. 1. To ensure the formation of mechanisms on the placement of social AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS This is due to the assessment of the for coordinating the activities of federal advertising with leading IMPLEMENTED TOGETHER required amount of funds from regional Russian television and and regional authorities, local authorities radio broadcasters: WITH RANEPA, RGSU AND and municipal budgets for provisioning of on the development of the market of social VGTRK "TV channel OTHER UNIVERSITIES services in the social sphere is carried out, services with the involvement of NPOs and "Russia" as a rule, based on the data of the previous civic chambers of various levels. AO "Perviy kanal", Trained 325 representatives of relevant authorities and NPOs year taking into account the existing ANO "OTR", from 66 constituent entities demand for services of state and municipal 2. To consider the need to empower sectoral of the Russian Federation 23 АО "Gazprom-media "CTC Media", institutions. NPOs providing services using federal authorities of the social sphere Issued 477 upgrade TRAINING COURSES Holding", ОАО "TRK VS RF "Zvezda". qualifications certificates new technologies lead to an unpredictable with additional administrative functions in growth in demand, which is not provided in the development of mechanisms for the budget planning. participation of SO NPOs in the provision of services. Other institutional barriers preventing SO NPOs providers of social services are facing the Russian Federation have the amount NPOs from provisioning social services are 3. To ensure methodological support on certain difficulties. One of the them is tariffs of compensation that does not correspond the following: the part of specialized sectoral federal and reimbursement of expenses incurred to the complexity of services and does authorities for the activities of regional by NPOs, which are often unreasonably low. not correlate with the remuneration of Tariffs vary in different regions. In some employees providing services and they cases, there are delays in payment and even do not include administrative expenses. non-payment. Many constituent entities of Reporting by NPOs on the provision of

68 69 authorities on the development of the 5. To ensure regular review of existing The results of the implementation of measures to ensure access by SO NPOs social services market, involvement of lists of services, taking into account the to the provision of services in the social sphere, in 2018, by branches non-governmental organizations in their occurrence of new services demanded by provision at the expense of the budget recipients of the services provided by SO system of the Russian Federation. NPOs.

4. To develop methods for assessing the 6. To develop guidelines for standardization needs for services provided at the expense and tariffing of services provided by SO of budgetary funds, in the context of NPOs and not provided by state (municipal) services and categories of recipients. institutions. Social care Moscow, Samara Region, Moscow and social 929 11,212.4 Region, St. Petersburg, Republic of services Bashkortostan

THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF FUNDS TRANSFERRED BY CONSTITUENT ENTITIES OF THE RUSSIAN Moscow, Samara Region, Sakha FEDERATION TO SO NPOs Republic (Yakutia), Sverdlovsk Region, Education 1,316 8,117.1 St. Petersburg The total amount of funds transferred by (over 24 billion rubles). These funds the constituent entities of the Russian were distributed between 4.4 thousand Federation to SO NPOs for the provision of SO NPOs (growth by 7%), provided that, St. Petersburg, Republic of Tatarstan, social services to the population in 2018 these services were used by more than Culture 823 2,867.4 Moscow, Republic of Bashkortostan, amounted to 31.3 billion rubles. This more 22 million people, which is 3.6 times more Republic of Mordovia than by 30% exceeded the results of 2017 than in 2017. Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District, Healthcare 123 353.0 Moscow, Republic of Tatarstan, The total amount of budget funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Krasnoyarsk Territory, Perm Territory Federation actually transferred to SO NPOs for the provision of social services, %

Physical Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khanty- activity and 585 7,759.1 Mansi Autonomous District, Chechen mass sports Republic, Orenburg Region, St. Petersburg 3 Social care Moscow, Republic of Tatarstan, 25 36 Youth policy 654 1,008.9 St. Petersburg, Primorsky Territory, Culture Volgograd Region

Physical activity and mass sports TOTAL 4,430 31.317.9 1 Education 9 Branches of social sphere Healthcare The number of SO NPOs, which were assigned with services, funded from the budget, 26 units (for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation) Youth policy

The total amount of budget funds of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation actually transferred to SO NPOs for the provision of services by branches, mln. rubles

Information is given on 83 constituent entities, with the exception of the Ulyanovsk Region and the Republic of Khakassia. Constituent entities of the Russian Federation are leaders in the assignment of services to SO NPOs (in terms of the budget funds of the constituent entities of Information on the total amount of funds transferred by the regions to SO NPOs for the the Russian Federation actually transferred to SO NPOs for the provision of social provision of social services87 services) (on all analyzed constituent entities)

70 71 7. To strengthen control of untimely To this end, the Ministry of Finance of the difficulties that appear both before the of a contractor of socially useful services, transfers of funds from the budget Russian Federation has prepared a bill “On SO NPOs, which are faced with the task of the lack of clear systemic mechanisms of system of the Russian Federation the State (Municipal) Social Order for the proving their integrity and substantiating benefits for SO NPOs — contractors of to NPOs as part of obligations and Provision of State (Municipal) Services in the quality of SUSs (socially useful services), SUSs. As a result, many NPOs question according to the concluded agreements the Social Sphere”, which allows solving and before the authorities evaluating these the practicability of applying for a status, on the provision of subsidies. a number of problems. Firstly, this is services. In particular, a prerequisite for an given the complexity and imperfection of the introduction of the concept of “state NPO to acquire a status of SUSs contractor is the procedure for recognizing NPOs as 8. To urge federal and regional authorities (municipal) social order” (the volume and to obtain a conclusion on the compliance of contractors of SUSs, which are associated ensure digitalization of interaction with quality of state-guaranteed social services the quality of the provision of the SUSs with with the insignificance of specific NPOs that provide services in the social free for citizens). Secondly, the obligation the established quality criteria in authorized preferences for organizations with such sphere, and the possibility of submitting of the executive authorities to determine federal and regional executive bodies. In status. digital reports using the Internet. annually the volume of the state (municipal) practice, there is an application variability in social order for specific services and the hands of authorities evaluating services of A number of regions, adopted legal acts 9. To promote the development of the method of its implementation. Thirdly, the criteria for assessing the quality of socially that provide SO NPOs — contractor of SUSs competencies of employees of SO NPOs document guarantees the conditions for useful services. with subsidies from the regional budgets. involved in the provision of services in competitive access of state and non-state For example in the Moscow Region, such the social sphere, including by providing organizations to the performance of state In 2019, the Ministry of Justice of Russia organizations can receive support for them with free access to continuing social orders. Fourth, the bill defines the developed a bill “On Amendments to the activities in the field of social protection education programs for employees of obligations and responsibilities of executive Federal Law ‘On Non-Profit Organizations’ and employment, the Saratov Region state (municipal) institutions. authorities and service providers. in Terms of Improving the Procedure for has a regulatory rule on the provision of Including a Socially Oriented Non-Profit subsidies from the regional budget to SO 10. To consider changing of the methodology On January 1, 2017, the Law on Non-Profit Organizations in the Register of Non-Profit NPOs — contractor of healthcare SUSs. for preparing by the regions a report Organizations — Contractors of Publicly Organizations Performing Socially Useful The Chuvash Republic subsidise SO NPOs on the implementation of measures Useful Services came into force.88 Its main Services”. The bill proposes to simplify the having a status of SUSs contractors from to ensure access by SO NPOs to the meaning is that those NPOs that provide current procedure for acquiring the status the republican budget, if they carry out provision of services in the social socially useful services of appropriate of an SUS contractor for those SO NPOs that activities in two directions — healthcare sphere, where delineate services and quality may be granted the right to receive have implemented properly the project using and free legal assistance. work. priority state support and access to a grant from the President of the Russian budget funds. The register of SO NPOs — Federation provided for the development SO NPOs as social services providers can 11. To raise the public awareness of the contractors of publicly useful services has of civil society. Based on the results of a and should play an important role in the implementation of national projects, been maintained by the Ministry of Justice public expertise at the Civic Chamber, the implementation of national projects. At as well as to ensure openness of Russia since January 1, 2017. Currently, it concept of the bill was supported; submitted the same time, their involvement in this and accessibility of information includes information on 341 organizations. proposals to eliminate the uncertainty of its work in one form or another is expressly on the possibilities and ways of Since January 1, 2019, 29 organizations specific provisions regarding the procedure indicated only in 5 out of 12 national NPOs participation; on the ongoing have been excluded from the register. Since and criteria for evaluating the results of the projects — “Demography”, “Education”, competitions for the provision of 2018, the executive bodies of the constituent implementation of SO NPOs projects using “Housing and Urban Environment”, subsidies (grants), participation entities of the Russian Federation have a grant from the President of the Russian “Ecology”, and “Culture”. The passports conditions, results and winners of been empowered to evaluate the quality Federation in order to assign them the status of national projects which include the competitive selections. of services rendered by SO NPOs, and the of an contractor of publicly useful services. federal ones do not contain specific territorial bodies of the Ministry of Justice On October 21, 2019, the bill was sent by the proposals on the format for participation The constituent entities of the Russian of Russia in the constituent entities of the Government of the Russian Federation to of SO NPOs in achieving national goals. Federation independently develop and Russian Federation have been empowered the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of implement mechanisms for attracting non- to make the final decision. In 2019, the the Russian Federation. The version of the SO NPOs are actively engaged in the governmental organizations to the provision procedure to receive by NPOs a status bill sent to the State Duma of the Federal implementation of the NP “Culture”. of services in the social sphere. However, of providers of socially useful services Assembly of the Russian Federation, did not Specifically, 43 regions have already there is a need for a single legislative act was facilitated, however, it still remains containg comments and suggestions included involved SO NPOs in the implementation of at the federal level that would ensure legal laborious, as NPOs often do not have a in the conclusion of the Civic Chamber. certain areas of regional projects “Creating regulation of existing practices, the rules clear idea of what information should be the Conditions for Implementing the for the use of budget funds and guarantee submitted to authorities in order to confirm The main problem remains the uncertainty Creative Potential of the Nation” (“Creative a uniform law enforcement practice. the quality of the service.89 There are still of preferences that gives NPOs the status People”), and provide them with subsidies

72 73 and grants from regional budgets on a characterized as non-cost evaluation competitive basis. This year, 19 SO NPOs criteria, including: qualifications, received subsidies for the implementation goodwill, similar experience of successful of certain areas of the national project procurement of services of a comparable following the competitive selection nature and scope. organised by the Ministry of Education of Russia and the Federal Youth Agency. At the Since 2018, to draw attention to the best same time, in the implementation of the NP practices of non-profit organizations, the “Healthcare”, “Science” and “Ecology”, has Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation an insignificant participation of SO NPOs. has been implementing the project #RegionNPO, in the framework of which The issue of access of socially oriented non-profit organizations and the business organizations to the state and social order community provisioning social services during socially significant events requires a have been representing. On June 19, the III particular attention. Such events are created Forum of Social Innovations of the Regions for the public good, they do not require evidenced a conclusion of the Agreement income, tickets for such events are free. And On Interaction etween the Council for since this is a public good, then why the law the Development of Social Innovations of identifies the price of the contract as the the Constituent Entities of the Russian main criterion in evaluating applications?90 Federation under the Council of the There is a need in amendments to the Federation of the Federal Assembly of the law by establishing that the priority for Russian Federation and the Civic Chamber fulfilling the tasks of conducting socially of the Russian Federation in the Framework supporting socially oriented NPOs, their 43 educational programs on the subject significant events is applications from of the Project #RegionNPO (“Gallery of involvement in the development of social of NPOs, then today their number has socially oriented organizations. The main Regions”). The Agreement envisages the services, the introduction of innovative social increased to 66. Moreover, 24 constituent selection criteria for applications for creation of a federal presentation platform technologies, the distribution of information entities of the Russian Federation (37 such events should be criteria that are for sharing experience and practice in on the best practices and their promotion.91 universities) have been implementing 69 programs of extended education.92 The Law An important partner of NPOs in the regions “On Free Legal Aid” regulates, among other are universities as centres of expertise and things, the participation of universities in competencies. The so-called “third mission” the free support of vulnerable groups of the of the university involves the shift from population. Consideration should be given to the image of a closed corporation to active develop at the legislative level of the tools of interaction with authorities, NPOs and civil implementing the same approach to support society activists. Such interaction often gives SO NPOs and socially responsible business. a positive result. Universities can become a In this regard, it is worth to mention the platform for advanced training of NPOs staff, experience of the Yaroslavl Region, where as well as the main resource for attracting the formation of the NPOs resource center volunteers. For its part, NPOs provide their took place at the platform of the regional own platform for student internships. university; NPOs resource support centers were also created on the basis of the South Recent years have demonstrated an active Russian Institute of Management (a branch development of educational programs of the RANEPA (YURIU RANEPA)), Kursk on the topics of civil society and the non- State University, Kazan (Privolzhsky) Federal profit sector. If at the beginning of 2019, 19 University, and Lipetsk State Pedagogical constituent entities of the Russian Federation University named after P.P. Semenov-Tyan- (25 universities) have been implementing Shansky.

74 75 a significant support for NPOs. For example, The general tendency is to increase #Government in 2016-2018 the Volgograd Region funding for NPOs both through allocated from its budget 900 million rubles presidential grants and from regional to support non-profit organizations.98 The budgets. And at the same time, the support of non- Arkhangelsk Region, developed a uniform structure of budget support for NPOs form for applications of public initiatives varies from region to region. For project, which is unified with the application example, in 2018, the Penza Region, in profit sector of the Presidential Grants Fund. This year it terms of a part of a regional competition, is planned to launch an online platform for provided 74 NPOs with subsidies in the submitting applications for regional grant amount of 9.5 million rubles. And at competitions through the website of socially the same time, regional NPOs received oriented NPOs of the Arkhangelsk Region.99 subsidies through presidential grants of Recent years have been marked by an Third place — “Support for science and Since 2019, St. Petersburg provides grants 31 million rubles. In 2018 the Primorsky increase in state support of the third education” with 15% of projects.95 advances for NPOs.100 Since 2019, the Territory, received 146 applications for sector. The main form of state support Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous District, the presidential grant competition, of for socially oriented NPOs is budget Competitions for NPOs are held by federal launched a unified system of supporting which 46 received support in the amount subsidies (grants). During 2017–2018, the agencies. For example, the Ministry of SO NPOs implementing socially significant of 90 million rubles. In recent years Presidential Grants Fund organized four Education of the Russian Federation projects, i.e. a grant from the Governor of regional subsidies were within the range contests for the provision of grants of the provides grants to create conditions for the the Autonomous District, which is created of 5 million, but in 2019, 65 million were President of the Russian Federation for early development of preschool children, similarly with the granting system of the allocated to the regional competition, the development of civil society, in which to implement a program of psychological, President of the Russian Federation for the while only 81 applications were submitted 16,814 NPOs took part. In total there were pedagogical, methodological and advisory development of civil society. for the competition.101 19,414 applications for the implementation assistance to parents of children who of 35,184 socially significant projects, receiving preschool education in the family. 6,786 projects were supported for a total The competition is a part of the project amount of 14.5 billion rubles. The number “State support of non-profit organizations of regional NPOs is 87% of the total for the provision of psychological, number of applications.93 pedagogical, methodological and advisory assistance to citizens with children”, which In 2019, the Presidential Grants Fund is a part of the federal project “Support received 8 billion rubles from the federal for Families with Children” and the budget for the provision of NPOs with national project “Education”.96 The grant grants.94 In 2019, the fund received more competition of the Ministry of Sports of the than 27 thousand applications, including Russian Federation is intended for non- 2,443 NPOs submitted applications for the profit organizations implementing projects first time. The most active region in terms in the field of physical education, mass of the number of submitted projects, sports and sports reservs.97 The Ministry excluding Moscow and St. Petersburg, of Culture of Russia allocates 300 million was the Republic of Bashkortostan — 386 rubles annually to support the creative submitted projects. Second place went projects of NPOs aimed at strengthening to Volgograd Region with 378 projects civic identity based on spiritual, moral and submitted, and third place goes to Belgorod cultural values of the peoples of Russia, Region, which sent 349 initiatives. And popularising the Russian language and again the most popular grant direction literature, folk crafts. among the contest participants was “Protecting the health of citizens, Executive bodies of the constituent promoting a healthy lifestyle” — 17% of entities of the Russian Federation and projects. Second place — “Preservation of local governments also provide NPOs historical memory” with 15% of projects. with financial support. Some regions sent

76 77

In 2017 and 2018 the Stavropol Territiry organizations, since the total number of What form of government support for the NPOs sector allocated from the regional budget active NPOs participating in competitions is should be a priority? subsidies for supporting SO NPOs in the very small. As noted in the materials of the amount about 40 million rubles, and in Civic Chamber of the Stavropol Territory, 2019 about 80 million rubles. In 2018, “traditionally the regional support from as part of the presidential grants, the the Stavropol Territory Council of Veterans, 8% winners were 14 organizations from antidrug groups of public organizations, Project (grant) support Stavropol, which received about 32 million disabilities associations, a number of rubles.102 The Ulyanovsk Region launches creative, environmental, cossack and Financing current activities a competitive selection among SO NPOs patriotic nonprofit organizations”.106 for the provision of subsidies from the No answer regional budget, e.g. in 2018 12 million In some regions, the involvement of NPOs 48% rubles allocated, and subsidies for the in the provision of public services and the NPOs within the presidential grants implementation of national projects is 44% amounted to about 32 million rubles.103 systematic. The Volgograd Region, within the framework of the regional project “The Older The things are different in the Yamalo- Generation”, and with the participation of Nenets Autonomous District, where in specialised NPOs, creates a system of long- 2019, 115 organizations received support term care for elderly citizens and persons in the amount of 131 million rubles, with disabilities. To date, 9 SO NPOs are namely the regional budget allocated 77 participating in the creation of the LTCSs million rubles, and the municipal budget (long-term care systems), namely 8 SO NPOs allocated 54 million rubles, consequently. providing socially useful services at home, Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation108 At the same time, in 2018, only 4 NPOs with and one SO NPO providing stationary services. funding of about 4 million became winners NPOs of the Volgograd Region take part in in the presidential grant competition, the organization of temporary employment despite 130 submitted applications.104 of minor citizens aged 14 to 18 during their the perception of the general situation with for the activities of NPOs in Russia have free time. NPOs conclude an agreement with the third sector in this country. Thus, the vast improved in general. In many regions, subsidies for supporting the employment centre and receive subsidies majority of participants in the “Community” NPOs are also allocated from municipal from the regional budget for the payment of forums (NPOs employees and civic activists) The experience gained by the Civic Chamber (primarily city) budgets. Since 2015, the labour of minors employed for temporary agreed that in recent years the conditions of the Russian Federation in interacting Ulyanovsk Region, launches competitions work. In January — August 2019, 25 NPOs with regional civil society activistst during in all municipalities for the allocation of employed about 500 minors for temporary the preparation of a special report on the subsidies to SO NPOs. In 2017–2018, the works. A financial support was provided from Conditions for NPOs activities access of SO NPOs to the social services total annual amount of funds for tenders the regional budget in the form of subsidies in Russia over the past 5 years: market led to the idea of the need to amounted to about 6 million rubles. The in the amount of more than 2 million rubles develop and implement a methodology for 69% administration of each municipality of for salaries of minors.107 creating a rating of regions according to the Ulyanovsk Region has a specialist to the level and quality of development of the work with the non-profit sector. Some Along with grant competitions, the main non-profit sector. The Chamber devotes regions have special awards for NPOs and form of supporting the NPOs is financing of its work in 2020 to the development of this public figures. For example, such prize the current activities of organizations. NPOs 22% project. The Civic Chamber of the Russian is awarded annually in the Republic of employees and civil society activists who took 9% Federation considers this work not only as Tatarstan. 5 prizes from 250 thousand to part in the survey within the “Community” an instrument of an objective diagnostic of 400 thousand rubles each were awarded forums are closely divided in answering the the quality development of the non-profit 105 in 2018. question of which of these forms of support Unchanged Worsened Improved sector in the regions, but also as a factor should be a priority. of “soft power” that will allow influencing As a rule, the pool of winners of the policy of regional authorities regarding regional competitions for NPOs The state’s attention to the development of a support of NPOs. includes approximately the same set of NPOs is obviously reflected in the change of Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation109

78 79 03 #SOLVING SOCIAL PROBLEMS WITHIN NATIONAL PROJECTS: CIVIL SOCIETY PERSPECTIVE

81 “Please note that, our projects are not #Challenges of social federal, not regional, but national. It means a consolidation effort of policy all levels and branches of power, representatives of civil society and, of course, business.” the President of the For the Civic Chamber of the Russian The hearings had proposals to make wider Russian Federation Vladimir Putin.110 Federation, the fight against the poverty use of public debt as a financial instrument, in the country remains one of the highest an instrument of development. For example, priority areas. This task is complicated regional bonds and municipal bonds should by the serious structural problems of the become a tool for the development of the Russian economy. municipal economy.

On May 23, the Civic Chamber of the Russian As is well known, active business activity Federation held a round table on the topic makes a significant contribution to the “National capital market: Problems and sustainable development of the country’s Opportunities”, where discussed the economy. However, sociological surveys opportunities and prospects for the effective state that 71% of businesspersons consider development of the domestic capital market. the business environment in Russia as It was noted that Russia still lacks a clear unfavorable.114 This is associated with the For the coming years, the implementation national projects and the status of their understading of the characteristics of the risk of criminal punishment for economic of national projects is the priority of the transparency. Russian financial market and its economy crimes (Chapter 22 of the Criminal Code Russian state and society. National projects looks more like the economy of a giant kiosk: of the Russian Federation). Up to 30.5% of are not just a technical instrument and a list More than half of Russian citizens have all you earn shall you spend. Moreover, most petitions to the Commissioner under the of growth indicators, they are a large-scale not even heard that the state authorities of the money is concentrated in the budget. President of the Russian Federation for the program for the country’s development are implementing some kind of national for years to come, which implementation projects, and, only 7% of Russians defines our future. understand what their meaning is.

As of November 2019, funds allocated for Operational control of the financial the implementation of national projects have implementation of national projects for been disbursed by 64% compared to annual the public is significantly complicated by values.111 Federal projects still have 6 out of the decision of the Government to exclude 76 projects not implemented.112 Why was information on intermediate tasks from the implementation of such fundamentally the passports of national projects, leaving important tasks for Russian society and the only goals for 2024 and, accordingly, state so difficult? information on budget allocations in terms of federal projects.113 For the success of Among the main problems are the lack national projects, civil society should be of resources and budget funds for the directly involved in their implementation. implementation of investment projects in Active involvement requires common the framework of national projects, which ground and public-state approaches. The is primarily due to the fact that the state Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, continues to apply a monetarist policy, together with regional civic chambers, is guided by the principle of “low inflation at working on collecting proposals on the all costs.” Such situation hardly justifies the implementation of national projects and reliance on fully required state investments federal programs at the local level to model in national projects. Another problem is and evaluate the consequences of the the low awareness of the population about proposed solutions.

82 83 Protection of the Rights of Entrepreneurs The Civic Chamber of the Russian Regions with the highest income disparity related to the criminal prosecution of Federation is seeking ways to overcome businessmen.115 poverty in this country. For example, the April 2019 Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation Ratio of the median wage to average wage. The lower, the more a salary gap of the On April 18, the capital of the Republic of supports the initiative to pay families a region’s residents, % Dagestan, Makhachkala, held a forum of the minimum living wage of a child, which Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. should help to reduce the poverty of Mur The topic was “Labor economy. Work places. families raising children under the age Employment”. It was observed that one of of three. Moreover, in 2017, according to Spb Kar Nen Chuk the ways to solve the employment problem in Rosstat, the income deficit of families Dagestan could be the development of social raising children aged three is 210 billion Kali Len Nov Vol Arkh Komi Yamal Kras Yak Mag Kam entrepreneurship, which is still evolving in the rubles.116 This is actually more than republic. The Civic Chamber of the Russian 30% of the income deficit of all families Psk Tver Yar Ivan Kostr Mari Kir Perm Khant Tyum Tomsk Kem Irk Amur Khab Federation was one of the first organizations with children, i.e. this is a significant that began to talk about a fairer tax system. share. But it is necessary to see that Smol Kalu Msc Mos Vlad Nizh Chuv Tat Udm Sver Kurg Novo Khak Bur Jew Prim The implementation of a progressive taxation this benefit not only actively works to scale has not yet been discussed, but there is support the family, but also can be used Bry Orl Tul Ryz Mord Uly Sam Bashk Chel Omsk Alt. T Tyva Zab already talk about zeroing personal income to hire a babysitter if a mother returns to tax for citizens who receive less than a living work. This will ultimately stimulate the Kursk Lip Tamb Penz Sarat Oren R. Alt Sakh wage. There is also a serious problem with economic employment of the population, 68.8 the employment offices in our country, as the growth of welfare, family incomes and Moscow Bel Vor Volg they need a significant updating of standards work not only to reduce the poverty, but and can no longer provide people with quality also to achieve another goal of national Crim Ady Krd Rost Kalm Astr 85.5 services. Employers do not work with such development, i.e. increasing the income Sev Kchr Stav Chech Dag Penza Region inflexible structures. of families with children.

Kbr Ose Ing

Up to 70 70-75 75-80 80-85 > 85

Russian Federation 72% Source: Rosstat @RBK, 2019

Source: RBK

Members of the Civic Chamber The Civic Chamber has consistently advocated participated in a discussion on the the strengthening of the civil society’s role results of a survey, conducted by the in determining policies to reduce inequality, International Institute of Management promoting this agenda in the international of Entrepreneurs’ Associations, on arena. The international conference “From the problems of employment of pre- Inequality to Justice: International Experience retirement, and employers risks and Solutions for Russia”, held by the Civic associated with this. The members Chamber on December 10, 2019 with the suggested strengthening the role participation of experts and representatives of educational organizations in the of economic and social councils from 43 implementation of the vocational training countries, had wide discussions on the program and additional professional reasons of the high level of inequality in education for citizens of pre-retirement society and proposals for reducing it, taking age. into account the best world practices.117

84 85 The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, #Ecology and together with industry analysts, conducted: quality of living Monitoring of infrastructure Industrial waste facilities and their capacities environment management analysis in the regions

Monitoring of the openness Analysis of information on and accessibility of regional SMW operators, information on government namely company size, websites and regional mass founders, beneficiaries, media about the new system coverage, territorial schemes, for handling SMW etc.

Analysis of industry Analysis of recycling investment attractiveness technologies119

Analysis of payments by population for SMW management services in 2019 (including SMW accumulation standards, single tariffs and SMW density)

Meanwhile, while the implementation of the changed and how it is calculated. In a “waste” reform raises new questions. In number of constituent entities of the 2019, many regions witnessed an increase Russian Federation citizens are shocked in tariffs for households for the removal of with the inclusion in the tariff of an solid municipal waste, although nothing investment component that is funding The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation The main problems that the established has changed in terms of waste sorting and the construction of new landfills, waste took an active part in the formation of the public law company is already facing include recycling, with waste still landfilled. sorting, burning and recycling plants, passport of the “Ecology” national project. the extremely low investment attractiveness which later become the property of One of the main proposals, including the of the industry and lack of public awareness According to 16.2% of utility bills, the business owners (experts from the creation of a public law waste collecting of the decisions and processes associated payment for SMW removal decreased, in Tyumen, Moscow and Kirov regions drew company, has already been implemented as with the construction of SMW processing 15.4% of utility bills the payment for SMW attention to this).121 a part of the national project. The beginning facilities. Low public awareness leads, removal did not change, and in 68.4% the of 2019 marked the creation of the Russian consequently, to social and environmental payment increased.120 For a significant In 2018-2019, there were troublespots environmental operator.118 The main goals conflicts that undermine the credibility of number of citizens, the transition to a new associated with the waste management of such public law company is to perform the reform. Seeking a trade-off on tasks of SMW management system was a surprise. procedures and the activities of social and administrative functions of authorities, investors, developers and the Citizens did not have enough information regional operators to create waste organizing stable systemic work of the waste interests of residents in the construction of about the essence of the changes, the disposal infrastructure. Since 2018, management industry during the reform waste storage and recycling facilities is the goals and objectives of the reform. There within preparation of the report to the period and in the future. main task of the public. was no understanding why the payment President of the Russian Federation

86 87 INSPECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS a landfill were suspended and additional revealed a connection between tariff INSPECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS examinations and public hearings should and technological solutions. The use of INSPECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS be held. When working with the conflict in imported equipment, often outdated, the Arkhangelsk region, the experts of the with low efficiency and manual low- Civic Chamber revealed loopholes in the productivity labor, poses a threat not only legislation regarding public hearings and to economic, but also environmental safety INSPECTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS Federal Law No. 212-FZ “On the Basics of of this country. Home made equipment Public Control in the Russian Federation”, can not only increase productivity, but as well as proposals for their elimination also significantly reduce tariffs for the were prepared. population for SMW services. The expert community insists that the exclusion of The Civic Chamber continues to collect the target indicator “reducing the share proposals for highly efficient technological of imported equipment to 22% by 2024” is solutions as part of the implementation unacceptable. of the reform of solid municipal waste management. In 2019, the Civic Chamber The main result achieved during 2019 was of the Russian Federation published an a change in the industry management “Audit of the Waste Management Industry”. system, and its transparency. Regional TargetTarget indicators indicators of theof the "Ecology" "Ecology" national national project project by by 2024: 2024: operators begin to work openly according Target indicators of the "Ecology" national project by 2024: To date, experts do not see investment to the territorial scheme and can show Target indicators of the "Ecology" national project by 2024: plans and development of waste treatment where and what waste transporting. and disposal facilities. Now there is Members of the Civic Chamber of the an adjustment of territorial schemes Russian Federation hold regularly 36% 60% 22% everywhere, and until this process is over, field meetings in various constituent the design of high-tech facilities will not entities of the Russian Federation with 36%SMW for recycling 60%SMW for processing 22%share of equipment imports 36%36% 60%60%22%22% begin. The investment attractiveness in representatives of the local government, SMW for recycling SMW for processing share of equipment imports SMWSMW forfor recycling SMWSMW for processing for processing share of equipmentshare of imports equipment imports the industry is low, the risks for investors regional operators and the public for an are very high. There is a notorious risk of objective assessment and monitoring of protest activity, low payment discipline, the progress of the reform in the regions, sometimes artificially restraining and provide the regions with expert the Civic Chamber launched the mediation protests began in July 2018, no geological accumulation standards and tariffs, as support in problematic issues. of social and environmental conflicts. One of surveys, environmental project reviews, or well as a large number of amendments to the positive examples the Civic Chamber’s public hearings were held. Some attempts the regulatory framework. One of the growing hotbeds of protest activities in this direction is the resolution of to falsify public discussion by holding activity is the regimes of economic activity the conflict around the landfill in the village fictitious hearings in the village Urdoma And at the same time, the “Ecology” within the boundaries of special protected of Malinki of the Moscow Region. Members were identified. national project set targets indicators: By natural areas (SPNA) or adjacent to them. of the Civic Chamber in a dialogue with 2024, 36% of the waste is to be recycled, residents and authorities, managed not only Only with the intervention of the federal 60% is to be processed. To achieve these Among the identified problems, people to develop a new methodology for resolving authorities in the conflict, and especially after goals, the government should stimulate most often note difficulties with the conflicts, but also to stop the operation of a the comment of the President V.V. Putin at the construction of high-tech facilities. construction and privatization of land and new-created facility. Media Forum of All-Russia People’s Front in real estate, coordination of socio-economic Sochi on May 14-16, 2019, which instructed An equally important indicator is “the and economic activities, construction of Since 2018, the Arkhangelsk Region and the authorities of the Arkhangelsk Region share of imports of equipment for the social and communal facilities, location the Komi Republic have been rumbled with and Moscow to take into account the opinion treatment and disposal of municipal solid of cemeteries, picking of mushrooms, mass rallies, united by the motto “Pomorie of Pomorie’s residents when deciding on the waste”, which is planned to be reduced to berries, and the harvesting of firewood, not a dump!” The main reason for this construction of the landfill. The authorities 22% by 2024. Currently the Government is and even the arrival of relatives subject to conflict was the complete isolation of the of the region, together with contractors, discussing the exclusion of this indicator. restrictions imposed on the area by SPNA. public from the decision-making process procrastinate to work with the mass media For the current year, only the Ministry of on the construction of a SMW landfill near and the public to clarify the position. In mid- During the audit of the waste management Natural Resources of Russia received 1,684 the Shies railway station. By the time the June, preparations for the construction of industry, experts of the Civic Chamber such complaints. According to preliminary

88 89 estimates, SPNAs throughout this country information platform where air quality exchange of experience of environmental (dry) secondary materials, the second for are inhabited by about 2 million people data will be posted, collected from “druzhina” (squad) was introduced in the organic contaminated (wet) waste. Resource (900 settlements), and in the absence of a various sources of relevant departments: Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. saving should be the main principle of constructive dialogue, this issue may cause all atmospheric air sampling that Since 2018, the Civic Chamber has responsible environmental policy. An another social tension.122 comes from the posts of Roshydromet, been working to create a register of important contribution to the formation Rospotrebnadzor, and Rosprirodnadzor, environmental NPOs, during which more of this a policy is made by the All-Russian Implementation of the federal project as well as stationary and mobile stations than 4,500 NPOs have been identified in the contest of best environmental practices “Clean Air” by 2024 should reduce polluting of enterprises of the constituent entities database of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, “Reliable partner — Ecology”. The winner emissions by 20%. There are plans to improve of the Russian Federation. Government and about 1,000 of them participated in of the competition was the printing company the environmental situation and reduce institutions, enterprises and the public contests of the Presidential Grants Fund “Komi Republican Printing House”, which is emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere should be connected to this integrated in the Ecology sphere (for 2017 and 2018). headed by Anna Churakova, member of the in 12 industrial cities: Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, system. The Civic Chamber conducted an When forming the registry, it turned out that Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation Lipetsk, Magnitogorsk, Mednogorsk, analysis of existing sources of information most organizations do not own websites, and the Civic Chamber of the Komi Republic. Nizhny Tagil, Novokuznetsk, Norilsk, Omsk, on the state of the environment and, have outdated contacts, and many NPOs The key publication of the project was the Chelyabinsk, Cherepovets and Chita. The for its part, offered the Ministry of do not conduct any activities. In September new-generation book, “Fascinating Ecology, indicator of citizens’ satisfaction with the Natural Resources of Russia assistance 2019, the “roll call of green NPOs” was or the Boomerang Effect”, published in May state of the environment, which is scheduled in organizing public monitoring of announced, and the main purpose of which 2019 by Natalya Melnikova and Natalya for 2024, is impressive: it should run to 90%. the population’s satisfaction with the is to update contact details and activities Gerasimenko.123 How will it be done? Subjective factors and environmental situation. spheres. Based on the results of this the methodology by which the dynamics work, it is planned to initiate the creation Another area is monitoring the of citizens’ satisfaction with the air will Among the most promising areas of work of a credible public organization uniting implementation of automatic control be studied become of great importance. in the field of public environmental control experts, scientists, activists and volunteers systems for discharges and emissions Experts agree that reliable information are the activities of public environmental in the field of ecology, as well as the creation of industrial facilities of category I, which on the quality of the environment will be inspectors. An information resource of a Code of Ethics for eco-NPOs. have a significant negative impact on the available only when creating a unified created for effective work, coordination and environment, and creating conditions for The success of the reform is impossible the regions population to obtain reliable without the responsible environmental information on the state of the environment. thinking. Civic maturity is tested with the The Civic Chamber regularly monitors introduction of waste sorting (WS) in our the state of engineering infrastructure, cities. including treatment facilities at the local level. To that extent, thanks to the It is assumed that waste sorting in persistent intervention of members of the Russia will be introduced, commencing Civic Chamber, Igor Shpector and Aigun from cities with a population of over one Magomedova, it was possible to allocate million, and the entire system for this funds for the overhaul and modernization initiative will be built from scratch. WS of treatment facilities in Makhachkala and at the first stage will be organized on the the simultaneous construction of the main principle of two containers: one for clean sewer collector.

90 91 first and second children. Birth support of families”. 124 The monitoring goals were to #Demography third and subsequent children is less than identify the effectiveness and accessibility 10%, while in demographically successful of currently existing measures to support countries this level is above 40%. families with children, as well as to collect needs breakthrough comments from citizens on improving Within the framework of the “Demography” family policies and evaluate already national project, it is necessary to develop a proposed initiatives, e.g. All-Russian solutions new federal project “A Multichild Country”, Paternal Capital. In total 10,861 people which should include support measures for took part in anonymous monitoring. multichild families initiated by the President Responses came from 83 constituent of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin in the entities of the Russian Federation. Is it possible to ensure a steady natural From the point of view of the Civic Chamber, framework of the Address to the Federal increase in the country’s population until a radical revision of Russia’s demographic Assembly of the Russian Federation of Less than half of support measures 2024 within the framework of the existing policy is necessary. The birth crisis should February 22, 2019, as well as additional apply to more than 50% of respondents “Demography” national project? Definitely be one of the main priorities for the country. measures based on successful regional and and can be considered successful. not. This is the disappointing conclusion international practice. Basically, monitoring participants do not of the report of the Civic Chamber The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation receive access to benefits due to lack of “Demography-2024. How to ensure in the report Demography-2024. How to The Civic Chamber expects that the public’s information or do not have rights to it due sustainable natural growth of the population Ensure Sustainable Natural Population outcry on this crucial issue will be heard and to the need to have the status of a low- in the Russian Federation”. Growth in the Russian Federation” offers the “Demography” national project will be income family. Respondents consider it new measures aimed at supporting families adjusted to implement the main task of the necessary to establish a unified status The report highlights that the new set of at all stages of the life cycle. However, the sustainable natural growth of this country’s of multichild families throughout Russia measures to support families with children, main condition for a qualitative change in population. providing current regional benefits for which was initiated in early 2018, did not the current situation is the need to focus on residents of the Far East become available fundamentally improve this situation. In multichild families. Even those family support measures to all Russians. After indexing, the survey January 2019, the Federal State Statistics that are currently being implemented in participants suggest the optimal amount Service recorded a decrease in the number But today, the main corpus (90% of Russia are not available to a major part of of maternal capital in the amount of 550 of births by further 11% compared with the investments) are support measures for the families with children. The Civic Chamber thousand rubles. Most of the respondents data for January 2018. The absolute number organized an online monitoring “Family also supported the Paternal Capital project of children born decreased to the level Policy: support measures as viewed by proposed by the Civic Chamber. of 2007, and the total fertility rate to the indicators of 2011.

This situation has an underlying cause All-Russian survey on related to the consequences of the Family policy support measures as viewed by families demographic pit of the 90s and the decline in (10,861 respondents, 83 regions, August — October 2019) population incomes observed in recent years. Nevertheless, the previous success of state New public initiatives Support policy in the field of family support shows that the state is able to have a significant Paternal (family) capital 74% (opposed 18%) impact on the demographic behavior of the population. However, within the framework Flexible parental leave for children under age 1.5 70% of the “Demography” national project, the Family ticket 1 time annually 70% planned 6-year increase in the total fertility rate at 1.6-1.7 means not just stagnation, Benefits for each child in multichild families before reaching 62% but a deliberate weakening of the country’s legal majority reproductive potential in current and in Free higher education for children from multichild families 55% future generations, and the formation of a new “demographic pit” by 2040-2050. Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation

92 93 Results of the monitoring “EVALUATION OF PUBLIC INITIATIVES to care for children (paragraph 88 of the plan). to send their child to spend a summer IN THE SPHERE OF FAMILY POLICY” From the point of view of the Civic Chamber vacation. In the summer of 2019, the Implementation of Federal Paternal Capital of the Russian Federation, these measures navigator included 942 vacation programs are not enough to ensure adequate children implemented both in Russia and abroad. care and supervision. And this is confirmed Also on June 26 the Civic Chamber of the by the monitoring of the Civic Chamber, Russian Federation launched a “hot line” which, among other things, evaluated the to monitor the situation with children’s provision of the service “Nannies for Orphans vacations. In total 638 requests were 74% 453,000 rubles in Hospitals”. It is necessary to improve the received: 563 feedbacks from tourists proposed amount legal framework and expand the access of (66% from Russia, 34% from abroad) NPOs to the provision of social services to and 75 petitions related to children’s support children.125 recreation. This season observed frequent cases of children poisoning in children’s Top-3 popular areas of spending federal paternal capital Also within the framework of the “Decade camps. For example, on July 22 in Crimea, of Childhood” plan, the Civic Chamber is the work of the children’s recreation camp actively involved in the social orphanage “Bereg” located in Alushta was suspended. preventive measures, family social support There were ten children hospitalized due and reducing the number of troubled to poisoning. This case was provoked by families. To see these practices a series of pathogenic staphylococcus, the carrier of online training seminars was organized for which were employees of the food unit. babysitters, childcare providers as part of One of the reasons for such situations is a the project “Professional babysitters for formal approach to personnel verification. 80% 68% 61% children!”126 More than 200 babysitters from seven pilot regions of the Russian Federation The Civic Chamber considers that inter during the five-day training course received interinstitutional commissions that check Purchasing a house, Payment of a mortgage loan Purchasing a family car knowledge and skills from leading experts in the camps before operation should be living accommodation (housing loan) the field of early development and childcare. assisted by medical workers, who will take The project aims to implement the task set the necessary tests from the staff on the in the May decree of the President of Russia, spot in order to give the real health status Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation in terms of creating conditions for the labor and give their opinion and access to the activity of women with children, including work of any employee. achieving 100% accessibility (by 2021) of pre-school education for children under age The Civic Chamber makes proposals In general, the monitoring results revealed Civic Chamber also takes the initiative to three. on introducing amendments to the serious gaps in the implementation of the introduce flexible parental leave. The right legislation of the Russian Federation demographic policy of Russia, while citizens to choose the duration of the vacation and The Civic Chamber actively monitored aimed at consolidating the status of a suggested their improving. adjust the amount of benefits will help to the situation with the organization of “multichild familiy”, as well as on sharing take into account the interests of a working children’s vacations in Russia. The the experience of the Sakhalin Region on Separate federal projects in the framework mother. For example, instead of the current project “Social Navigator”, organized additional social support for multichild of the “Demography” national project year and a half and 40% of the salary, to see by the Administration of State Projects families. These changes are necessary should be reviewed with the engagement a vacation for nine months and double the of the Rossiya Segodnya International to see the Federal Law on Support for of relevant NPOs. To that extent, the bill share of salary. Information Agency and the International Multichild Families, which, with the “Promoting the Employment of Women — Public Fund “Russian Peace Fund” with active participation of civil society, will Creating Conditions for Preschool Education The Civic Chamber pays special attention the support of the Civic Chamber, annually significantly improve the demographic for Children under Age Three”, should to the “Decade of Childhood” plan, the collects data for parents to decide where situation in the country. see an alternative to the construction implementation of which is directly related of a nursery, as certified babysitters, to the success of the demographic policy in family kindergartens, and so-called Russia. Specifically actively discussed the private unlicensed kindergartens. The possibility of volunteers to access hospitals

94 95 #Health of the nation: contribution of social initiatives

For five years, the Civic Chamber of the With the participation of the Civic Russian Federation has supported a public Chamber of the Russian Federation, the initiative in the field of demography and “Regions Anti-Drug Rating — 2019” health care to strengthen and preserve the was prepared and introduced.130 The health of young people, aimed at regulatory document identifies and compares the increasing of the age of alcohol sales in the scale of the negative consequences of Russian Federation to consumers under drug addiction and the drugs trafficking age 21, the so-called Law 21.127 The center in the regions. The Civic Chamber for the consolidation of public proposals noted the growth of such destructive and the creation of Law 21 was the “Sober phenomena as drug advertising on Russia” federal project. social networks and the spread of drugs through the Internet, prescription was held at VDNKh and attracted more The implementation of the instructions of The initiative on “Law 21” has fundamental drug abuse, teenage substance abuse than a thousand of people. The action “10 the President of the Russian Federation support: For five years, the All-Russian (sniffing). On this background, the state thousand steps to life” is based on the WHO on comprehensive improvement of the Public Opinion Research Center has machine is often late with an adequate recommendations to take 6 to 10 thousand legislation on physical education and recorded more than 75% of the citizens who reaction to the emergence of new types steps a day to maintain a minimum of normal sports,133 and the large-scale tasks of are in favor. The attitude to the initiative in of psychoactive and narcotic substances, physical activity. national and federal projects are slowing the responsible authorities is gradually new channels for their distribution. In down. Often there is a lack of attention to changing. In particular even the Ministry of this part, civil society and responsible The Civic Chamber conducts annual public initiatives and the results of public Finance of Russia considers it permissible citizens can greatly help the state, monitoring of the implementation of the control.134 to increase the age for buying any alcohol to pointing out legislation loopholes and RLD complex (RLD — Ready for Labor and age 21, although initially it has not supported the imperfection of law enforcement Defense). This year the analysis focused Following the results of the proposals the corresponding bill of the Ministry of practice in the fight against new threats. on the third stage of the implementation of consideration and recommendations of Health of Russia.128 RLD standards, namely, how this process the Civic Chamber, aimed at implementing An important contribution to the progressing among the population aged 18 the decisions adopted at a meeting of the The Civic Chamber together with the “Sober prevention of alcoholism and drug to 59. At the same time, the volunteers of Presidential Council on the Development of Russia” federal project prepared the Report addiction among young people was the the “Sober Russia” federal project monitor Physical Culture and Sports on March 27, on the Current State of the Anti-Smoking program “Sobriety Lesson”.131 This is a the state of sports facilities in all constituent 2019, the President of the Russian Federation Legislation of the Russian Federation. unique teaching instrument developed entities of the Russian Federation, and how gave instructions to the Government of The document identifies and compares the by the federal project “Sober Russia” and new near the house sports facilities are the Russian Federation and to the heads scale of the negative consequences of drug the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis being built.132 of the constituent entities of the Russian addiction and drug trafficking, and also with the support of the Civic Chamber. Federation.135 assesses the new hobbies of young people, In Russia 39% of population practice sports notorious hookahs and vapes, which are With the support of the Civic Chamber regularly. The state sets the task to run this An important moment in solving the quite popular among adolescents. Among on World Health Day, simultaneously in figure to 55% by 2024. The Civic Chamber problems of implementing national projects the proposals of the Civic Chamber is to more than 150 cities and in all constituent of the Russian Federation monitors the is the preparation of specific action plans. oblige tobacco companies in the Russian entities of the Russian Federation, the implementation of this goal through the federal At the same time, there is still no public Federation to disclose information on the all-Russian action “10 thousand steps project “Sport is a Norm of Life”, including in information on their list related to the federal composition of tobacco in their cigarettes.129 to life” was held. In Moscow, the action the regions of the Russian Federation. project “Sport is a Norm of Life”; there are

96 97 no plans to support existing information reading of the bill and amendments to the networks in the field of physical education corresponding law in 2019.138 and sports that have accumulated sufficient data potential for immediate use for state Throughout a year, the Civic Chamber needs, including for information support, catalysed public discussion on the statistic etc. An example of such network bill of inter interinstitutional program can be an open information platform “Sports “Swimming for All”. This draft involves the Russia”.136 formation of conditions (infrastructural, organizational and economic, scientific, To achieve this main goal of the federal methodological, etc.) for the encouraging in project aimed the so-called Law on Fitness training and systematic swimming as vital Centers.137 To date in Russia, 7 million and health, and as a backbone sport for the do fitness, but the fitness industry has population of the Russian Federation of all problems, namely ensuring the safety of age and social groups. The Civic Chamber the process and specialists who do not have consistently advocates the introduction of the appropriate education. To solve these comprehensive training in swimming and tasks, the bill provided for mechanisms gymnastics. Realization of development for accreditation and the supervision of the goals is impossible without the introduction quality of services. During 2018-2019, the of modern standard projects for sports Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and recreation centers that provide certain held round tables and hearings on this services that can be used by various groups issue, which was resulted in a preliminary of the population, and most importantly

geographically accessible. The Civic Today the physical training and sports section Chamber engaged representatives of or healthcare do not have professional sports federations at the perennial basis, standards for specialists how to provide because their voice is often not taken into wellness services. Their development and account in the design and construction of application will help to set the standard for sports facilities.139 such services and improve their quality.

The Civic Chamber has also made There is a pressing need in staffing of proposals in the field of medical the sports sector: from 2015 to 2017, tourism in Russia and regarding the the number of trainers fell from 98 to 92 capabilities of Russian resorts to solve thousand people, the number of trainers of key national problems in the field of the highest and first categories decreased by physical education, sports, public and 19%, i.e. according to statistics of the Ministry corporate health.140 Many hotels and of Sports, from 35 to 29.8 thousand people. health resorts have facilities for fitness Trainer’s financial support is often passed or wellness centers. But often they are in on to regions that do not always compensate free use, and the working staff there only these additional payments that have been give general advice. The Civic Chamber lost during the transition from education to considers it possible to create and develop sports. In this case, this is also a matter of rehabilitation centers for professional adjusting regulatory support. In particular, athletes and citizens involved in active the preparation of the professional standard sports based on Russian resorts, as “trainer-teacher” was disrupted. It resulted well as develop standards for wellness in non-enrollment of students in this specialty services specialists. for the current academic year.141

98 99 The Civic Chamber discussed in detail the role #How ensure of charitable foundations in solving problems with providing vital and essential medicines, which are included in the list approved by accessibility and quality the Government of the Russian Federation. Providing citizens with such medicines is currently referred to the authority of state of healthcare authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The regional budgets bear a significant for example, the Bakulev center, the patient financial burden, as the cost of medicines is must receive a referral at the place of high, and this limits the regions to comply residence. But constituent entities of the fully with their obligations. Another problem, Russian Federation, due to the difference in which solution requires a dialogue with the the rates of CMI, impose restrictions on the authorities, is connected with the medicine By means of joint effort, the concept of volume of aid; consequently, residents do assistance to orphan patients. It was palliative care in the bill was supplemented not always have the opportunity to receive proposed to expand the system of neonatal by a set of measures, including medical timely high-tech care included in the CMI. screening and the “Seven High-Cost intervention, psychological measures Nosologies” state program (the so-called 7 and care measures.145 The availability of healthcare is also HCN: hemophilia, mucoviscidosis, multiple associated with the development of sclerosis, etc.), which provides the patients In 2019, the Civic Chamber’s activities telemedicine and mobile complex. In this with medicines at the expense of the federal include, a new area of work — the area, the experience of public-state and budget. It is proposed to introduce federal development of bone marrow donation. public-private partnerships play a significant funding for the treatment of such diseases In January 2019, at the open Blood Donor role. The Civic Chamber’s platform and provide federal medical centers with Day in the Civic Chamber of the Russian The Civic Chamber held the round demonstrated mobile complexes based on the right to prescribe this treatment and Federation, employees of the National table named “Insurance principles of the “GAZelle NEXT”. Such complexes help observe its dynamics. Medical Research Center for Hematology compulsory medical insurance are medical professionals conduct large-scale of the Russian Federation of the Ministry the guarantee of the social rights of diagnostic examinations in the regions of The Civic Chamber together with relevant of Health of the Russian Federation Russian citizens” where the report on the Russian Federation.143 experts at the hearings on amendments to collected typing results for entry into the economic efficiency of the insurance the legislation on palliative care strongly the Federal Register of potential bone model titled “Analysis of the status of The Civic Chamber also proposed ways to advocated the expansion of the interpretation marrow donors, which is creating with insurance medicine in Russia and its improve the social and medical support of of palliative healthcare (PHC) by including the support of medical scientific research prospects” was discussed. Participants residents of closed administrative-territorial social, psychological and spiritual care in organizations. of the event recognized that the existing entities (ZATOs).144 this concept. system of compulsory health insurance In addition, the 2019 was marked by is optimal and effective and there can be The Civic Chamber annually hosts within the signing of the memorandum “On no return to the budget model. The main its platform large forums of the patient the Coincidence of the Interests of the direction of its improvement can be an community. The Civic Chamber held the 11th Charitable Foundation ‘Rusfond’, the Civic irreversible movement toward the path on Forum the Movement Against Cancer, where Chamber of the Russian Federation and the development of insurance principles participants declare the fight against cancer Presidential Council for Civil Society and and a phased transition to a risk model. is the most significant component of the Human Rights in Bone Marrow Donation”.146 Additionally, it was proposed to include national project “Healthcare” until 2024. The liability of medical professionals in the forum traditionally resulted in the address The Civic Chamber expects that the compulsory medical insurance (CMI).142 to the President of the Russian Federation creation of a national bone marrow on the program for the implementation of registry will be considered at level of a The Civic Chamber discussed the situation civil monitoring of the oncology service as national task and this task will be solved with the routing of patients to high-tech part of the implementation of the national at the state level. medical care (HTMC). Today, to contact, project to combat cancer.

100 101 This “hotline” was launched for the first time do not travel. For 70% of them, travel is not #Accessible environment for and its activities are assisted by a working financially available.149 group on comprehensive rehabilitation under the Presidential Commission of the The “Community” forum in Makhachkala, everyone — imperative Russian Federation for Disabled Persons. demonstrated the results of a study on problems of employment of disabled Accessibility of the environment for disabled persons. According to the study, the persons should be ensured in any home employment rate among disabled persons Among the “hot lines” of the Civic Chamber Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”, and institution. It is necessary to build in Russia is only 17.2%, while there is a of the Russian Federation, two are working which entitles disabled applicants to the appropriate elevators and ramps, create the high increase in motivation to work, i.e. on the accessibility of higher education budget at a ten percent quota to submit necessary conditions in public places, and 32% of respondents would be willing to for young people with disabilities and documents simultaneously to five universities check the availability of the environment. work under certain conditions and another on the creation of a modern system for three specialties in each. 39% are searching for job. of comprehensive rehabilitation and The Civic Chamber paid attention to the habilitation of people with disabilities The second “hot line” is aimed at helping to problem of organising parking spaces for Among the identified problems: Training in and children with disabilities. ensure the rights of persons with disabilities persons with reduced mobility (HIA). In professions that are no longer in demand on to rehabilitation according to an individual September last year, new rules for the the labor market, as well as various abuses The “hot line” on accessibility of higher rehabilitation and habilitation program issuance of signs “Handicapped” for drivers by employers, such as offering employment education for young persons with (IPRA), the opportunity to find high-quality were introduced. They now indicate the under the book with associated risks; disabilities is aimed at monitoring rehabilitation services in their locality or region, region code, personal number, surname, the creation of special enterprises for the enforcement practice of the and providing timely and appropriate quality name and patronymic of the disabled person, people with disabilities in order to receive implementation of Art. 71 of the Federal rehabilitation equipment (RE) and much more. information from the certificate confirming support from the state and stop activities; the benefit, disability group and the term of preference to pay a fine rather than looking the sign. However, there are still situations for a worker with a disability; formal rather where disabled persons cannot park the car than a real employment with the payment where they can do it under the law. of the lowest salary.150

The Civic Chamber supported the The problem of integrating disabled persons consolidated position of social activists on into society is acute. The activities of the the need to create a universal system and Center for Sociocultural Rehabilitation of an information array on vehicles owned by Diana Gurtskaya, which opened in Moscow disabled persons. This system will allow in 2018, are devoted to solve the problems people with disabilities to ensure their right of socialization of disabled persons by to benefits nationwide.147 means of art.151

The position of the Civic Chamber was Russia has successful experience in supported by the legislator, and the implementing sociocultural projects such problem of accessibility of parking spaces as “White Cane”, “Abilimpix”, Paradelphic for disabled persons was largely resolved Games, “Inclusive Moscow”, “Cinema in the amendments to the Federal Law Without Barriers”, “Ariadne’s Thread”, “Concerning the Social Protection of “Accessible Museum”, “Tactile Zoo”, Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation” inclusive theater. Certainly, there are adopted this year.148 more implemented and required projects. Often, the unique programs and practices To some extent, travel services, which must of socio-cultural rehabilitation of disabled be considered as an intensive form of social persons, implemented in the constituent adaptation of disabled persons, remain entities of the Russian Federation by largely inaccessible to disabled persons. groups of committed professionals, do not There are more than 10 million disabled receive proper media coverage and state persons in Russia. Most of them practically support.

102 103 #Care for those in need: improvement of the PBS system

The Civic Chamber discussed throughout a The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation year initiatives to bring patients of psycho- holds expert workshops on the diagnosis of neurological boarding schools (PBSs) to the mental disorders. For example, a seminar assisted living, and to organize hospital- with international participation “Modern replacing forms of social services for them. diagnosis of mental disorders: ICD-11 (international classification of diseases According to experts, the assisted living of the 11th revision)”, demonstrated the for people staying in psycho-neurological possibilities of practical application of the boarding schools should begin not only by new diagnostic tools.154 Russia is one of studying the work of the PBSs themselves, the first countries to host such educational but also by providing housing, infrastructure, event combining lectures and practical employment, training opportunities etc.152 training on the application of the new classification. An interesting approach to the issues of living with disabled persons was suggested The Civic Chamber discussed effective by Maria Lvova-Belova, a member of the practices of private-public partnerships Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. in the field of organizing the assisted She represented the project “Novie living of children undergoing long-term Berega”: a settlement, which is currently treatment in health facilities at the round In order to share the best practices socio-cultural rehabilitation of disabled being built in the Penza Region, is a town table of the same name. Its participants aimed at promoting the full participation persons. of 12 buildings residential buildings, shop, considered the initiative to build free of disabled persons in society, developing chapel, educational centre, bath-and-health family-run hotels for parents with children their creative and intellectual potential, In the framework of a joint conference complex, cinema and business area with a undergoing treatment in large medical forming a socially active person, a of the Civic Chamber and the Federation car fleet and convenient recreation areas, institutions in Moscow.155 member of the Civic Chamber Diana Council, the role of non-profit paths and squares that correspond to the Gurtskaya organized a competition of organizations in the implementation best practices for equipping houses for living. There is a legal basis for providing quality programs and practices for the social of projects for the socio-cultural All that according to a universal design, assistance to disabled persons in this and cultural rehabilitation of disabled rehabilitation of disabled persons, and everything is adapted for disabled persons. country. At the same time, the system persons. In total, the competition received in particular the problem of access to remains quite outdated and does not meet 250 practices in seven categories, public sports facilities for people with A similar project is a socio-therapeutic the requirements of a social understanding revealing the main tasks in the field of disabilities, was examined. village of the family type “Otradny Sad”. of disability. That is why, children and The project was implemented in the adults with intellectual disabilities being village of Talovka, Pribaikalsky district of in stationary institutions of the social the Republic of Buryatia. The village was protection system, continue to pass from created as an alternative to the traditional a baby nursery to a neuropsychiatric education of children with disabilities and special boarding school, with no chance of neuropsychiatric special boarding school.153 integration into society.

104 105 #Where we will live: housing and comfort urban environment

The target indicators for the national { to increase the number of loans issued project “Housing and Urban Environment” from 1.1 to 2.26 million. are extremely extensive and ambitious. According to the passport of the national How will the citizens be provided with affordable project, it is necessary to achieve the housing? What tools, besides mortgages, following indicators by 2024: can be offered? Apartment buildings (AB) or private housing projects (PHP) — what should { to increase commissioning of new be bet on? Is it possible to reduce the cost housing from 75.3 million square of houses under construction? Finally, what meters in 2018, up to 120 million should be the housing policy in Russia and is square meters per year; it possible to share the successful experience of the “advanced” regions to other regions of { to ensure improved housing conditions the country? for 5 million citizens; The most important condition for { to decrease the average level of implementing the goals of this national mortgage rates up to 7.9%; project is the expansion and differentiation

On behalf of the Deputy Prime Minister of charity fund “I am!”, experts from RBOO the Russian Federation on Social Policy Center for Clinical Pedagogy, charity fund T. A. Golikova to conduct a survey of people “Lifestyle”, and SPb BOO “Perspektiva” living in PBSs, from April to September of monitored quality of life of people living this year, 150 thousand citizens living in 500 in PBSs and other social institutions. The PBSs of the country were examined.156 The goal was to assess the living conditions of Civic Chamber actively supported this work. people in PBSs in terms of all compliance with standard human needs, as well as For two days on the eve of the “Community” from the point of view of further positive forum in Arkhangelsk, Natalya Kiryukhina, development and resources (staff, material, a member of the Civic Chamber of the etc.) which are not enough to create such Russian Federation, representatives of the conditions.

106 107 of satisfaction forms of citizens’ housing information on land plots for PHP, which can needs, including depending on the level be obtained free of charge or for a fee from of the need (mortgage, rental housing, or all regional and municipal authorities.159 NewNew housinghousing polic policy y subsidized rent). According to statistics, the cost of housing According to surveys, at least 70% of construction is only a third; the remaining New housing policy Cost per square meter people want to live in individual houses, two-thirds are interest on loans, taxes, New housingCost per square polic meter y however, the entire construction industry payments for connecting to communications, 2. In one square meter of real estate, only 30% of the cost of construction itself. today is up to build multi-family residential land, etc. An additional cut-cost of housing 2. In one square meter of real estate, only 27 State The most expensive is: 157 Cost per square meter36 30% of the cost of construction itself. buildings. As a result, people dream can be found in allocating of expenses for Banks (prot) ∙ State services (36%); 27 State The most expensive is: 36 Business (prot. tenders)2. In one square meter of real estate, only of having their own home, but are forced the design and construction of engineering Cost per square meter Banks (prot) ∙ Taxes (25%) 19 Persons (salaries,30% % of the∙ Land cost and of ∙construc Statepermissions sertionvices itself(11%); (36%);. to dwell in small-sized apartments. It is infrastructure, preparation of documents 18 27 State BusinessThe (prot. most 2.tenders) expensiveIn one square∙ T axis:es meter (25%) of real estate, only 36 on deposits) ∙ Project nancing (10%); important to note that a small space in a for connecting to infrastructure, to 19 Banks (prot) Persons∙ (salariesState ser30%, %vices of (36%);the∙ Landcost of and construc permissionstion itself (11%);. Mln. sqm. 18 ∙ Infrastructure (8%). 27 Business (prot.State tenders) The most expensive is: multi-storey house limits opportunities government spending, reducing tax burden, 36 on deposits)∙ Taxes (25%) ∙ Project nancing (10%); PHP AB *forecast of national projects19 Persons (salariesBanks (prot), % ∙ Land and∙ State permissions services (36%);(11%); to create a large, multichild family and raising preferential project financing for Mln. sqm. 18 3. Structure of housing in invest-projects∙ Infrastrucwithout ture (8%). on deposits)Business (prot. tenders)∙ Project∙ nancingTaxes (25%) (10%); comfortable conditions for three or more construction work and forming a base of 19 correlation with national goals. To ensure demographic Mln. sqm. PHP AB *forecast of national projects Persons (salaries, ∙% Infrastruc ∙ Landture and (8%). permissions (11%); 18 growth, strengthen the family and create conditions for children. The goals of housing policy are standard projects. 1. Expansive growth provided by 3.on Struc deposits)ture of housing∙ P rojein invct nancingest-projec (10%);ts without PHP AB *forecast of national projects increasing life expectancy is possible only in multi-room Mln. sqm. construction volumes fall correlation with national∙ Infrastruc goals.ture To ensure(8%). demographic correlated in this part with the demographic 3. Structurehousing of housing, which in is ionlynvest-projec 24%. Onets -roomwithout apar tments is 47% growth, strengthen the family and create conditions for goals of national development: a small The Civic Chamber focuses the federal 1.PHP ExpansiveAB growth*forecast ofprovided national projec byts correlationof the with commissioned national goals. housin To ensureg. demographic growth, 3.strengthen Strucincreasingture theof housing family life andexpec in inv createest-projectanc conditionsy is possiblets without for only in multi-room house — a small family, a large house — project “Formation of a Comfortable 1. Expansiveconstruc growthtion provided volumes by fall Bank interest expenses correlation with national goals. To ensure demographic a big family. The development of private Urban Environment”,160 since its target construction volumes fall increasing life expechousingtanc, whichy is possible is only only 24%. in multi-room One-room apartments is 47% 3 2 Bank prot housinggrowth,, which is strengthen only 24%. theOne family-room8,3 and apar createtmentsOn conditionse- isroom 47% for 1. Expansive8,7 growth provided by of the commissioned housing. 24,8 15,9 housing projects can help solve the key indicators include not only an increase in construction volumes fall Bank and developersof tax thees commissionedincreasing life housin expectancg. y is possible onlyTw ino-room multi-room Bank interest expenses 47,1 demographic problem for our country and the share of cities with a favorable urban 11 Bank interest expenses housing, which is only 24%. One-room aparThretmentse-room is 47% Construction and erection workofs the commissioned housin28,7 g. preserve the cultural code of our people. environment, but also an increase in the 3 2 Bank prot 8,3 Four-room andOn more-roome 3 2 8,7 Bank prot 8,3 One-room 8,7 13,8 24,818 BankBank interest personnel expenses and o„ce 40 15,9 Following the discussions, the Civic share of citizens participating in resolving 24,8 Bank and developers taxes 15,9 Two-room Bank and developers taxes Two-room47,1 11 2 Bank prot 80 47,1 11 317,5 Infrastructure and land 8,3 Three-roomOne-room Three-room Chamber considers the following ratio of issues of urban development. Thus, one of 8,7 PHP 24,8 Construction andConstruc erectiontion work ands erection works 28,7 15,9 28,7 Bank and developers taxes Four-roomTw ando-room more Four-room and more commissioned housing to be optimal: 80 the most important goals of the project is Developer prot 50 47,1 50 Council housing 11 Three-room 13,8 13,8 18 Bank personnelBank and personnelo„ce and o„c40 e 40 18 Construction and erection works Relocation of dilapidated and emergency housing mln. sqm. — AB and 40 mln. sqm. — PHP. the formation of an active urban community. Design and site preparation National project 28,7 Four-room and more Infrastructure and land passpor80 t 80 10 10 AB It is very important that this task must be 17,5 17,5 BankInfr personnelastruct andure o„cande land 13,8 18 40 PHP PHP Developer prot Proposals for specific measures of state accomplished, and not turn into profanity or Developer prot 80 50 50 Council housing 17,5 Infrastructure and land 50 50 Council housing 4. Only about 15-20% of citizens can aord a mortgage. More less can RelocationPHP of dilapidated and emergency housing support for private housing are formulated imitation of public participation. take a mortgage for leading a multichildDesign familiy and lifsiteestyle preparation. It is necessary toNational Principles project and objectives of the new housing policy, subordinateRelocation to the implementa of dilapidated- and emergency housing DeveloperDesign prot and site preparation National project 50 provide housing for all, not just the rich. The payment of the "mortgagor"passpor tiont of national goals related10 1050 to housing ABconstruction.Council housing based on public opinion polls, ranking of 1. It is necessarpasspory to reducet the tax, administrative10, rental10 burden on theAB price of housing to the bank only 10% to 20% is the price for theDesign at; others and siteare taxpreparationes, National project Relocation of dilapidated and emergency housing the country’s regions for the development The Civic Chamber of the Russian interests to the bank, developer and bank prot, purchase of land and and limit the bank margin for mortgage transactions. 2. passporWherevert it is allowed by the style10 of10 life, to make theAB priority of the construction of PHP 4. Only aboutinfrastruc 15-20%tur ofe. citizens can aord a mortgage. More less can rather than AB. of PHP, per capita, as well as the results Federation is carrying out a great deal of take a mortgage5. There for are leading feedbacks a multichild on a drop familiy in the lif estylenumber. It ofis necessardevelopersy to in the Principles and objectives of the new housing policy, subordinate to the implementa- 4. Only about 15-20% of citizens can aord a mortgage. More less can 3. To ensure the construction of infrastructures, including o-site engineering networks at of the thematic sections of six forums of work together with the State Corporation provide housingregions for af all,ter notthe justintroduc the rich.tion The of escrow payment accounts of the ."mor Restoringtgagor" the potentialtion of national goalsPrinciples related andto housing objec tivconstruces of thetion. new housing policy, subordinate to the implementa- take4.of Only companies a mor abouttgage 15-20% that f orhave leadingof lefcitizenst the a marketmultichildcan aord will a take familiymor timetgage lif andestyle. More costs .less It. is can necessar 1. It is necessary to the expensey to reduce of the the state tax, administrative. , rental burden on the price of housing to the bank only 10% to 20% is the price for the at; others are taxes, Principlestion and of objec nationaltives ofgoals the new related housing to housing policy, subordinate construction. to the implementa- providetake6. The a mormodel housingtgage of investment f orfor leading all, not construca justmultichild thetion rich. familiy leads The to lif payment estylethe degradation. It is of necessar the "morof theyand totgagor" limit the 4. Tbanko aim margin the mor fortgage mor tgageat the transacincreasetions demand. for PHP and multi-room apartments from all active citizens “Community”, conducted “Fund of assistance to reforming housing interests to the bank, developer and bank prot, purchase of land and tion of national1. It is necessar goals relatedy to reduce to housing the tax, construc administrativetion. , rental burden on the price of housing toprovideurban the bank en housingvironment: only f or10% all, norms tonot 20% justof population theis the rich. price The density paymentfor the increase at; of the others (density "mor aretgagor" above tax2. Whereveres , citizens it is allowed, and not by justthe stylethe rich. of life, to make the priority of the construction of PHP infrastructure. 1. It is necessarand limity to thereduce bank the margin tax, administrative for mortgage, rental transac burdentions on the. price of housing in federal districts by a member of the and communal services”. Thanks to the intereststo300-450 the bank topeople onlythe bankper10% hec to, developer tare20% is is uncomf the andpriceor bank tablefor the prot,for at; life). others purchase Cities are lose tax oftheires land, rather and than 5. AB Create. alternative nancial instruments: development funds, construction cooperatives, 5. There are feedbacks on a drop in the number of developers in the and limit the bank margin for mortgage transactions. interestsunique appearance; to the bank ,disappear developer cour andty bankards prot, that create purchase the social of land and 3. To ensureconstruc the construc2.tion Wherever oftion depar of infrastruc tmentalit is allowed (employer-rentedtures ,by including the style o-site housing) of lif eengineering, to housing make ,the attracnetworks priorityt NPOs at of to thethe construction of PHP 158 regions afinfrastructer the introducture. tion of escrow accounts. Restoring the potential 2. Wherever it is allowed by the style of life, to make the priority of the construction of PHP Civic Chamber Leonid Shafirov. The efforts of members of the Civic Chamber, infrastrucenvironmentture. and the basis for the development of self-government: theythe expensehousing of the ratherstatesecto.r. than AB. of companies5. There that arehave feedbacks left the market on a will drop take in time the numberand costs .of developers in the rather than AB. 5.are There replaced are feedbacks by around on the a drop house in spac the numbere. of developers in the 4. To aim the6. Tmoro ensuretgage3. To development, at ensure the increase the construc implementation demandtion for PHP of andinfrastruc and sharing multi-roomtures of innovations, aparincludingtments cutting o-site from construcall engineering tion networks at following priority measures were proposed: many issues related to emergency housing 6. The modelregions of investment after the construcintroductiontion leads of escrow to the degradation accounts. Restoring of the the potential3. To ensure the construction of infrastructures, including o-site engineering networks at regions7. The costs after of the building introduc infrastruction of escrowtures are accounts borne .by Restoring the cost theof housing potentialcitizens , andcost, not but justthe also the expense increasingrich. of the the quality state., energy eciency and durability of housing. urban environment:of companies norms that of populationhave left the density market increase will take (density time above and costs. the expense of the state. ofand companies make its pricethat have unbearable left the. market will take time and costs. 5. Create alternative7. To develop nancial standard instruments: design and development planning solutions funds, construc that createtion acooperatives comfortable, social co-financing from the federal budget of are resolved quickly and locally. By October 300-450 people6. The permodel hec tareof investment is uncomfor tableconstruc for liftione). Cities leads lose to theirthe degradation of the 4. To aim4. the To mor aimtgage the morat thetgage increase at the demand increase for PHP demand and multi-room for PHP and apar multi-roomtments from aparall tments from all 6.8. The Private model house of investment projects uses construc archaiction construc leads totion the technologies degradation and of the doconstruc tionen vironment.of departmental (employer-rented housing) housing, attract NPOs to the unique appearance; disappear courtyards that create the social citizens, andcitizens not just, and the not rich. just the rich. the best regional, municipal programs 1, 2019, members of the Civic Chamber urbanurbannot adhere environment: to the concept norms norms of ofapopulation house population developing density density increase together increase (density with (densitythe above housing above sec 8.to Tor. ensure state housing construction for council housing, relocation from dilapidated environment and the basis for the development of self-government: they 5. Create5. alternative Create alternative nancial instruments: nancial instruments: development developmentfunds, construc tionfunds cooperatives, construction, cooperatives, 300-450300-450family: W peopleith a x per edper smallhec hectare tarearea is uncomfofis uncomfthe houseortableor, tablea familyfor lif fe).or growth Citieslife). Cities loseleads their loseto it 6. their To ensure and development, emergency implementationhousing, and creation and sharing of special of innovations programs for cutting the Far construc East. tion are replaced by around the house space. construcconstruction of departiontmental of depar (employer-rentedtmental (employer-rented housing) housing housing), attract housing NPOs to ,the attrac t NPOs to the for the development of PHP, the creation within the framework of public control of uniqueuniqueseparation. appearance; disappear disappear cour courtyardstyards that that create create the social the social cost, but also9. T increasingo consolidate the plotsquality for, energyland-use ecienc planningy and of newdurability residential of housing areas. 7. The costs of building infrastructures are borne by the cost of housing housing housingsector. sector. of federal, regional and municipal project the implementation of national projects and makeen enitsvironment vironmentprice unbearable and and the the. basis basis for f orthe the development development of self of-g selfover-gnment:overnment: they7. T o develop they standard design and planning solutions that create a comfortable social are replaced by around the house space. environment.6. To ensure6. T odevelopment, ensure development, implementation implementation and sharing of and innovations sharing cuttingof innovations construction cutting construction 8. Privateare house replaced projects by uses around archaic the construc housetion spac technologiese. and do cost, but also increasing the quality, energy eciency and durability of housing. offices (centers of competence) to provide visited more than 150 settlements in 35 not adhere7.7. toThe The the costscosts concept ofof building building of a house infrastruc infrastruc developingturestures are together areborne borne withby the bythe cost the of cost housing of housing8. To ensure state housingcost, but construc also increasingtion for council the quality housing, energy, relocation ecienc from dilapidatedy and durability of housing. and make its price unbearable. and emergenc7. Toy develop housing7. To standard,develop and creation design standard of andspecial designplanning programs and solutions planning for the that Far solutionscreate East. a comf thator tablecreate social a comf ortable social family: Withand a xmakeed small its price area ofunbearable the house,. a family growth leads to it environment. individual developers with a full range of regions of this country. Meetings are held separation.8. Private house projects uses archaic construction technologies and do9. To consolidate plotsenvironment. for land-use planning of new residential areas. 8.not Private adhere house to the pr conceptojects ofuses a house archaic developing construc togethertion technologies with the and do 8. To ensure state housing construction for council housing, relocation from dilapidated engineering, legal, consulting and other with the participation of senior officials of not adhere to the concept of a house developing together with the and emergenc8. To ensurey housing state, and housing creation construcof special tionprograms for council for the Fhousingar East. , relocation from dilapidated family: With a xed small area of the house, a family growth leads to it and emergency housing, and creation of special programs for the Far East. services, the creation of federal portal the regions, heads of municipalities and familyseparation.: With a xed small area of the house, a family growth leads to it 9. To consolidate plots for land-use planning of new residential areas. separation. 9. To consolidate plots for land-use planning of new residential areas. USIA “Gosuslugi” of super service “Svoi interested non-profit organizations. Each Dom”, as well as the unified federal Internet on-site meeting includes studying of on-site portal (with regional annexes) containing problems related to the operation of heat

108 109 supply systems (thermoelectric power Serious criticism of the public was caused station, hydroelectric power stations, by the methodology for calculating boiler houses), water supply, wastewater, the urban environment quality index, sewage and sewage treatment plants. approved by order of the Government of Also in regions the Civic Chamber checks the Russian Federation in March 2019.163 the implementation of capital repair Despite the modest name, this is the most programs and the work of homeowners important document. Notably this method organization, checks the operation of utility is the tool for assessing the effectiveness metering stations, checks the quality of of the implementation of the federal project newly built housing and gives relevant “Comfortable urban environment”. The recommendations, considers issues document not only allows to determine the related to the construction of railways current state of the urban environment in and highways of federal, regional and a specific municipality, but based on the municipal importance, improvement of given indicators, all-Russian city ratings both public spaces and courtyards, as well will be annually formed. The method has as issues of processing and disposal of 36 criteria, reflecting, according to the plan solid municipal waste, tariff regulation of of the developers, the quality of the urban communal resources.161 For example after infrastructure, the environmental situation, an in-field event of the profile commission the safety of living, etc. The draft of the in the Pskov Region on the demolition of methodology has been criticized by the Civic emergency housing, as well as the status Chamber of the Russian Federation. of the housing and communal services and housing infrastructure, the Chamber The “Methodology” has a lot of controversial addressed to the President of Russia. criteria that can be quite unfit to reflect the Since 2017, members of the Civic Chamber quality of life of citizens. Most importantly, have been communicated with the among the proposed criteria, there is a need 1.04 million citizens were moved from provision of new housing in exchange for Government of St. Petersburg regarding in those that reflect the city’s job status, emergency houses, whose area is almost emergency housing only for those who live the reconstruction of Bogatyrsky Prospekt. social infrastructure status, i.e. number 16 million square meters. During this in dwelling under a contract of social rent. Addressing to G.S. Poltavchenko (Governor of kindergartens, schools, hospitals, as period, 99.4% of housing recognized The owners of an emergency housing, of St. Petersburg until October 2018), then well as the implementation of housing as emergency by January 1, 2012 was are subject only to the redemption to the Acting Governor of St. Petersburg programs and many other things that resettled. It is assumed that by 2024 there price payment mechanism. In addition, A.D. Beglov. As a result, work on this site make the city truly attractive for life. The will be no housing recognized as damaged such price in most cases does not allow was taken under special control, and to Civic Chamber’s experts insisted that the by January 1, 2017. purchasing a new full-functional housing date Bogatyrsky Prospekt, located in the methodology should become an integral instead of an emergency one. districted with population up to 300 ths. of indicator reflecting the implementation Along with it, there are a number of problems Petersburgers, has opened for passage. of various national projects within a that the Civic Chamber of the Russian In order to solve these tasks, the Civic particular territory. When developing the Federation has repeatedly indicated. One Chamber suggest developing and using The Civic Chamber regularly holds events new methodology, some comments of the of the main requirements is to establish of uniform housing standards when on topical problems of the industry, Civic Chamber and other public institutions unambiguous criteria at the federal level recognizing citizens in need of housing such as the introduction of information were taken into account. for the protection of the poor citizens when support (minimum housing standard) technology in the accounting system for relocating from emergency housing. and providing such support (housing communal resources and the regulation Since 2008, this country has been standard) throughout the country, as well of engineering systems of the municipal implementing a large-scale program of Unfortunately, the bill developed by the as centralized personified registration of infrastructure of cities, the shift of heat resettlement of citizens from emergency Government provides guarantees for the such citizens. supply to cities to a closed system, new housing under federal financial support technologies for energy-efficient overhaul provided to the regions by the State and insulation of the facades of apartment Corporation “Fund for the Assistance buildings, the reform of the elevator of Reforming Housing and Communal facilities.162 Services”. Over a 10-year period,

110 111 #Public control of spatial development: the National Program for the Far East

When implementing strategic state tasks and negotiating them with the legislative and national projects, it is important not to body of the region; 2) work in 25 working focus on the development of agglomerations groups in the main areas of economic or large cities, but to find ways, resources and social development, which included and potential for the development of representatives of all regions of the Far PROJECT NATIONAL PROGRAM territories of each type. In February 2019, Eastern Federal District; 3) a synthesis of OF THE FAR EAST the Government of the Russian Federation all proposals by region at the federal level. "MY IDEAS FOR DEVELOPMENT approved the Spatial Development Strategy Along with it, citizens may make proposals THE FAR EAST" of the Russian Federation for the period until via a special website http://www.dv2025.ru/, IMPROVING THE QUALITY 2025. The bill of the strategy was discussed by where registered about 17 ths. proposals.164 MORE THAN OF LIFE TO A LEVEL ABOVE 200 EVENTS THE MID-RUSSIAN the Civic Chamber in 2018 and was criticized on discussing regions development for containing an unreasonable emphasis The Council of the Federation, the State COLLECTED MORE on the development of only large cities. Civil Duma, business communities and public THAN 1,100 PROPOSALS society activists insisted on the mechanisms associations also actively participated in the from activists ACCELERATION OF THE that ensure social, infrastructural and preparation of the national program. At the RATES OF ECONOMIC CREATED COUNCIL RECEIVED 16,524 PROPOSALS GROWTH BY 1.5 TIMES economic development of small towns and same time, the Civic Chamber of the Amur of Regional Civic Chambers on the website www.DV2025.ru ABOVE THE MID-RUSSIAN villages. Small towns should be considered Region implemented its initiative to launch of the Far East as resource centers for the development an interactive resource “Map of Problems”. CIVIC CHAMBERS WILL PARTICIPATE of the surrounding countryside, as a key This map can systematize local problems IN THE IMPLEMENTATION FAR EAST BUT NOT FAR infrastructure node. reported by citizens. The solution to such OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR problems, which amounted to about 14 ths. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAR EAST At the end of 2018, the President of Russia is possible by the forces and means of local TRANSPORT HOUSING JOBS HEALTHCARE ECOLOGY ROADS gave instructions to the Government of authorities, without engaging resources of Russia to develop a National Program for the national program. the Development of the Far East until 2025 and for the future until 2035. For the first Opinions of citizens, commercial time such documents say that this should organizations and public associations the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, This is an important new practice be done in cooperation with the public and formulating proposals for inclusion in the a Council of Civic Chambers of constituent of engaging organized civil society the business community. Regional civic national program were collected with, an entities of the Russian Federation in the Far institutions represented by regional chambers have been actively involved in the inter-chamber project, which was launched Eastern Federal District has been created. civic chambers to the development of development of this national program. to interact with the authorities in the The first presentation of the social block of strategic decisions in the framework of development of the National Program for the the National Program for the Development of national projects. This experience can The development of this national program Development of the Far East for the Period the Far East for the Period until 2025 and for be an important example of constructive consisted of three stages: 1) conducting until 2025 and for the Future until 2035. the Future until 2035 was held as part of the and working interaction between public discussions in each municipality, This inter-chamber project was called “My “Community” forum in Ulan-Ude. institutions of civil society and the state. summarizing proposals at the regional level ideas for the Far East”. With the support of

112 113 #Public activity and consider rural In addition, citizens are quality of life poorly informed about 45% 56% unacceptable measures of state support development of rural implemented in rural areas. respondents can name the advantages of more than territories rural lifestyle over urban 50% indicate that in recent improve their years indicators of the level The Civic Chamber associates great budgetary co-financing, which can lead to professional and quality of life in rural expectations with the support of initiative a relapse of the Soviet epic of eliminating 35% 37% qualifications areas have not improved. projects of local communities. A significant unpromising villages. Predominantly they connect the prospects for improving part of the funds of the State Program for the respondents plan to move to the city any- rural life with the activities Development of Rural Territories is supposed In the first place, initiatives aimed at time soon of authorities at all levels, to be directed to the implementation of building human resources (career guidance, and not with the self- initiative projects of rural municipalities, education, employment, etc.) and improving organization of the residents businesses, individual residents and living conditions (housing, infrastructure, themselves or business. their groups. However, there still remain social services, etc.) in the countryside, preoccupations that when allocating funds, as well as changing the structure of rural expect state preference will be given to settlements employment, supporting alternative 8% 24% support having jobs and a higher proportion of extra- (agriculture) areas of employment, e.g.

respondents are ready to launch their own busi- ness in the countryside

more than ready to engage in non- agricultural activities 25% 50% with state support

respondents are ready to engage in non-agricultural activities independently

agritourism. Such initiatives were proposed Agricultural Exhibition “Golden Autumn in the framework of the project of the Civic 2019” and will receive support under the Chamber, All-Russia People’s Front and State Rural Development Program. the Russian Union of Rural Youth named “Incubator of rural initiatives”. Under the Following the monitoring of the Civic guidance of a professional tutor and with Chamber on the standard of living, the status the help of attached mentors, teams from of the social and engineering infrastructure 60 regions of this country worked out and of rural settlements within the framework of implemented projects for the comprehensive the Civic Chamber’s project named “Village development of their rural community. The Standard”, as well based on proposals best of them were introduced at the Village received from the regions, the State Program Initiatives Forum as part of the Russian for the development of rural areas was

114 115 #Intellectual heritage for future generations: development of education and science

A large number of measures are being In St. Petersburg based on the oldest taken in this country aimed at improving the pedagogical university of our country, education system, consolidating pedagogical St. Petersburg Pedagogical University and scientific-pedagogical personnel in named after A.I. Herzen, together with the educational system, raising the status the Committee on Education of St. of teacher and scientist in society. And the Petersburg and the Federal Educational public is actively involved in monitoring their and Methodological Association for Teacher implementation. Since 2018, the “Education” Education in August 2019, the Civic Chamber supplemented in terms of implementation what is meant by a place of work in rural national project, the “Development of held public, as part of the development of of integrated settlement projects sites for areas. The Civic Chamber proposes to Education” State program for 2018-2025, the topic of staffing of the education system, the development of compact housing in determine such places of work not at the which includes 10 federal projects, have been on the theme “Mission of teacher training rural areas. place of registration of the legal entity, but approved and implemented. To evaluate the universities and the system of continuing at the actual location of the enterprise. implementation of the “Science” national teacher education in the implementation The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, project and the “Education” national project, of the ‘the Education’ national project: together with the Russian Union of Rural The Civic Chamber paid attention to sectoral the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation preparation and support of the teacher’s Youth, conducted an all-Russian survey on problems of agricultural development. In held thematic round tables. rural employment and the development of particular, the Civic Chamber’s negative human resources in rural areas. According response to the Law “On the Development of In January — February 2019, the Civic to the survey, the level of social optimism Viticulture and Winemaking in the Russian Chamber conducted a survey on the regarding rural life remains low; a negative Federation” allowed protect the interests of status of a teacher in modern society in assessment of the quality of life prevails. farmers, winegrowers and winemakers. the context of the “Teacher of the Future” federal project, which is one of ten in the In a letter to the Russian Ministry of Labor, the In general, the development of rural territories “Education” national project.166 The survey Civic Chamber drew attention to additional cannot be considered only in strict connection showed that, despite the measures taken incentive measures for moving to rural areas with the development of agricultural, by the state, the prestige of the teaching and employment, such as the introduction processing and related industries, but much profession in society remains low (71% of of a shorter working day for women living more broadly, including in the context of answers) and even continues to decline in rural areas. The proposal was heard, and ensuring the national security of this country, (81%).167 guarantees to women who live and work in as an important element of land retention. rural areas, in terms of reducing working The Civic Chamber’s report named “How to What is the reason of the existing attitude hours, as more than 36 hours a week, were save the village: problems of population of society towards the teacher? The survey enshrined in the federal law in 2019. Now it employment”165 provides measures for the showed that the low status of a teacher in is important to clarify what is meant by the integrated development of rural territories society is due to a combination of reasons, countryside, because there is no such term and the prevention of population outflow to and among them in the first place are in the law. It is also important to understand cities. “excessive teaching load” and “a large amount of reporting”.

116 117

Assessment of prestige of teacher profession today activities and the problems of the from 70 constituent entities of the Russian development of pedagogical technologies Federation. Most of the respondents are in the context of the school of the future”.168 sure that the proposed version of the FSS 44 (3%) Dozens of regions of the Russian Federation BGE preserves the fundamental nature showed interest in public hearings, and of education and does not prejudice the High those who wanted to participate had to be orientation towards an activity approach in placed in three streaming classrooms of school education.169 436 (26%) the university. The online meeting joined Medium representatives from the Krasnoyarsk and The majority of respondents do not question Khabarovsk Territories, the Republic of the very fact of the need of FSS BGE as a Low Komi, Saratov, Vologda, Pskov, Ulyanovsk, form of expressing state requirements 1,184 (71%) Leningrad and other regions of Russia. for the content of education, the results of personal development and education, Constant monitoring of public opinion on staffing and material and technical the problems of the implementation of the support of the educational process at all “Education” national project (the “Teacher levels of school education: 53% say that of the Future” federal project) allows not standards are necessary, 36% say that only to send recommendations to the they are most likely necessary, and only executive authorities on the implementation 10% of respondents doubt the need of this of national projects, paying attention to document. Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation bottlenecks in their implementation, but also to keep in view the solving of urgent The majority of respondents (53.3%) see a problems of high-quality staffing in various direct correlation between the quality of FSS fields of activity, including education and BGE and the quality of school education. science. Experience with teachers’ negative The public also paid attention to other professional behavior EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS current problems. On January 14, 2019, the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation On April 24, the Civic Chamber of the Russian addressed the problems of labor training Federation held a discussion on the bill of and education in the general education Sometimes Federal State Standard for Basic General system; March 26 — engineering training 408 (25%) Education (FSS BGE). This document has for schoolchildren; April 22 — the role of

Quite frequently been expected by society, school system reading and literacy for the education of a and the parent community of this country. successful individual. Contests in support It is aimed at organizing the educational of new teaching methods are of great Never (training and education) process in grades importance. In 2019, a significant number 5–9, creating textbooks, and implementing of such regional and all-Russian events 155 (9%) 1,104 (66%) in-process and final control. The bill of FSS were held. For example, a large number of BGE has caused an active discussion in the participants were attracted by the Competition society, especially regarding the prospects for Innovation in Education, which was for the development of the national school, actively promoted by the Civic Chamber of the the possibility of fulfilling the goals and Russian Federation. In October 2019, the final objectives set in the “Education” national stage of the All-Russian contest “Teacher project. of the Year of Russia” was held, the host of which is the Ministry of Education of the Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation To identify points of view and opinions of Russian Federation with the support of the the broad segments of the population on Civic Chamber; in November 2019 summed the prepared document, the Civic Chamber up the results of the all-Russian contest conducted an online survey from April 10 “Golden Names of Higher Education”, aimed to 25, 2019. It involved 16 thousand people at improving the status of the profession

118 119 What role do you think federal state educational standards (FSS Do you think federal state educational standards are BGE) play for the school? Please tick three most important roles. needed in school? Please choose one answer

Formation of a single educational space providing a permanent education when a 11,863 (60.99%) 10.7% Yes, definitely child changes a school

Very likely Strengthening interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary connections to provide an 10,230 (52.59%) Their need is under question integrated view of the child’s world 53.3% 36%

Specification of requirements for subject results for each academic subject to predict 10,191 (52.39%) learning outcome

Preservation of the fundamental nature of education, and ensuring the depth of 7,126 (36.63%) knowledge Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation

Consideration of age and psychological characteristics of the child 5,577 (28.67%) to regulate teaching load MONITORING UNIFIED STATE EXAM burden falls on the shoulders of the Russian families. The tone of the discussion around the Determination of the basic content of implementation of national projects, as well In September 2019, the Civic Chamber personal development program to balance 5,022 (25.82%) it with the educational process as improving the global competitiveness coorganized an annual assessment of results of Russian education, the development of of the public monitoring called “Attitude of human resources, and the new challenges students, parents of students and teachers Definition of tasks and conditions to of education in the digital economy was to the exam”. Over 84 thousand people implement the program of correctional 3,953 (20.32%) set in February 2019 with the participation from 85 constituent entities of the Russian work to take into account the needs of children with developmental difficulties of the Minister of Science and Higher Federation took part in the online survey. Education of the Russian Federation M.M. 57% of respondents believe that the exam Kotyukov at the Professors’ Forum 2019. does not provide an objective assessment of knowledge, and 41.2% believe that the 401 (2.06%) Other: The number of students studying at the form of certification established in the last expense of the state continues to decline. decade reduces the quality of education, If in 2018 in Russian universities had in and almost a third of the respondents have total 597.6 thousand budget places, then doubted the social function of the exam as Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation in 2019 only 518.4 thousand. And this an instrument of ensuring the equality of trend will continue in the future. And at prospective students. of a teacher of higher education. Also in The goal of all these efforts is clear: create the same time, there will be more and October, the Civic Chamber summed up the a competitive education system that can more people wishing to obtain a higher Experts are sure that obtained results allow results of the All-Russian contest “The Best try to enter the top ten in the world, build education. In 2018, 731 thousand people to understand what should be improved in Inclusive School 2019”, which evaluated an education system that would cover the participated in USE, this year this figure the USE system, as well as what needs to achievements in the field of implementing younger generation, starting from preschool. increased to 780 thousand.170 The cost be done to improve the quality of systematic inclusive education. of paid education is growing, and this training of schoolchildren and teachers.

120 121 Which of the following statements do you agree with? #Cultural sphere

USE does not provide an objective 48,917 (57.31%) assessment of knowledge in focus of civil society USE is decreasing the quality of 34,774 (40.74%) education

Since 2019, the Russian Federation began responsible person on the basis of to implement the large-scale “Culture” spiritual and moral values of the peoples USE helps to fight corruption when 13,291 (15.57%) enrolling students national project, designed until 2024. Along of the Russian Federation, historical and with it, the Strategy of the state cultural national-cultural traditions”. On June 18, policy for the period until 2030 is being 2019, another round table was held — “All- implemented. Russian Unity: the contribution of classical USE provides equality for university 25,440 (29.8%) Russian culture”, which sparked great admissions The public considers that it is important to interest from representatives of various control the effectiveness of spending the layers of the Russian public. allocated funds. This topic was discussed, on May 15, 2019 in a format of online meeting USE provides fair testing of students’ 17,075 (20%) knowledge by the members of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation and regional civic chambers within the “Culture” national project: opportunities and mechanisms of public control”, and also on that day the Source: The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation monitoring of the project implementation in regions was launched.

Nearly half of the respondents consider as is discussed and has few supporters little In 2019, the Civic Chamber of the Russian an alternative to USE centralized final school over 10%. Probably, people do not believe Federation paid a great deal of attention exams together with centralized entrance in the objectivity and fairness of this form of to issues of patriotism, the preservation exams taken by all universities (27.05%) knowledge assessment. of spiritual values and cultural heritage. or with separate exams at each university Numerous events were aimed at these (22.36%) as an alternative to the exam. All these changes will have positive results issues, which in 2019 were held by the The decision in favor of individual exams solely under the successful post-graduate Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation for each school was chosen less often, employment of graduates. A new environment as an organizer and participant. On March both with centralized entrance exams in all of interaction between universities and 13, 2019, the Social Forum of Theater and universities (16.59%), and with individual enterprises is needed in order to prepare Film Actors was held, and on May 30, 2019, exams in each university (16.66%). At the young professionals entering the labor the 14th “Cultural Heritage 2019” National same time, 22% of respondents said that market with practical skills in working with Prize was awarded. they did not see an alternative to the USE. the company where they will work after their The USE alternative in the form of a portfolio graduation. On May 20, 2019, two round tables were held in the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation: “The development of modern Russian cinema through the creation of heroic-historical films: problems and development tendencies” and “Education of a harmoniously developed and socially

122 123 In 2019, the Civic Chamber introduced the project called “Living Heritage”, which aims to combine information on key local cultural hallmarks of the regions.171 Well- known hallmarks of Russia, as well as unique cultural objects and practices, so far known only within one region or even a settlement, but having the potential to attract tourists from the most remote places, will be displayed on an electronic map. A special place on the map will be devoted to objects of intangible cultural heritage, including customs, traditions, myths and legends, original settlements and gastronomic customs of the territory first International Congress of Culture and or keeping the memory of famous people or Media Volunteers in Rostov-on-Don, which literary characters associated with this area. attracted more than a thousand people, including from other countries, on their An expert jury composed of leading Russian sites and introduced them to local brands experts in the field of territory marketing, in the region. tourism development, and cultural heritage preservation selected 500 most significant In 2019, the long-awaited and important local cultural brands in Russian regions. for the cultural sector legislative changes In 2019, the Civic Chamber held a level of direct participation of the state The selection process used a methodology in the field of procurement were adopted. discussion on the new concept of the federal bureaucratic bodies in resolving issues of that took into account the results of various Based on the Federal Law of May 1, 2019 bill “On Culture”. The concept of the bill cultural activity, and find a more effective ratings and competitions of cultural No. 70-FZ “On Amendments to Articles 1 provides several interesting innovations, balance between creative freedom and attractions of Russia, as well as the potential and 8 of the Federal Law “On Procurement in particular, co-financing of cultural the artist’s responsibility. The most acute for promoting local cultural objects and of Goods, Work and Services by Certain events from budgets of various levels and is the question of the practice of state practices at the national and global levels. Types of Legal Entities” and the Federal Law the creation of a presidential fund for the regulation of cultural policy and in this In order to identify such cultural brands, “On the Contract System in the Sphere of development of culture and its branches regard, the definition of forms of cultural several regions were visited by expeditions Procurement of Goods, Work and Services in federal districts, as well as additional life of those who need state support, including federal experts, and accompanied to Meet State and Municipal Needs”173 support for professional art organizations and those acts of creativity that cannot by seminars and project sessions that the right of the customer not to give a by financing individual targeted programs. be supported by the state. Within this were held in small towns and historical justification in the information system in When discussing the bill concept, cultural context, the Civic Chamber recommended settlements. The resource provides an the field of procurement on compliance figures raised traditional issues of their turn back to the question of distinguishing opportunity for anyone, either a traveler or with prohibitions, under regulations of concern. administrative, economic and creative a representative of the sphere of culture the Government of Russia, of import or activities of cultural institutions. and tourism, to participate in replenishing restrictions, of goods originating from In particular, they hope that the new law Moreover, it is proposed to exclude the the cultural brands card, scoring the brands foreign states, as well as work and services, on culture will make it possible to bring possibility of property priority over the available on it, as well as preparing tourist respectively performed or rendered by creative activity out of the scope of public right of society of preserving cultural routes. foreign persons, if allowed by such acts. procurement legislation, reduce the heritage.

The similar tasks of promoting local The amount within which cultural, scientific, brands are set by #Learn Russia project.172 educational, and sports organizations can It brought together volunteers and purchase from a single supplier increases professionals who created music videos and from 400 to 600 thousand rubles. Hence, articles, including on Wikipedia, dedicated the annual volume of these purchases to the sights of the Rostov Region, the great should not exceed 5 million rubles, or 50% poets and writers born in the Don. The of the total annual purchases of the customer results of this work were summed up at the should not be more than 30 million rubles.174

124 125 04 PUBLIC DIPLOMACY SPHERE: RUSSIA’S SOFT POWER

126 127 The turning point that has been outlined The delegation of the Chamber was met at this year in relation to Russia by foreign high level, in particular, took place meetings partners demonstrates that a policy aimed with a member of the Politburo Standing at isolating our country is proving to be Committee, Chairman of the Chinese People’s ineffective. The tendencies toward building Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) a post-Western world and forming of a Wang Yang, and Chairman of the CESC, Du polycentric international system are more Qinglin. During the visit, an updated Protocol visible at the level of civil society. The on cooperation between the Civic Chamber of Western public urges their governments to the Russian Federation and the CESC of the abandon ideological approach and choose a PRC was signed. In particular, this updated pragmatic way in cooperation with Russia. Protocol involves regular consultations and The Civic Chamber is actively establishing exchange of views on a wide range of issues, international relations and cooperation, organization of seminars, conferences, round building a systemic basis for restoring tables and working exchanges. credibility between people, creating a positive environment for the development of Well-established ties with Chinese public interstate relations and supporting Russian organizations provide an opportunity to citizens and compatriots abroad. interact in a variety of areas. Over the 2019 year, four delegations of the CPPCC visited PUBLIC DIPLOMACY the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. During the discussions, the parties agreed In commemoration of the 70th anniversary to expand cooperation within the framework of the establishment of diplomatic relations of pairing the Eurasian Economic Union and between Russia and China, a delegation of the Chinese initiative “One Belt One Road”. In the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation addition to socio-economic matters, including the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, by an exchange of visits with the ESEC of paid a visit to Beijing and Shanghai at the the development of tourism, members of the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary France, during which a Memorandum of invitation of the China Economic and Social Chamber discussed global security issues Sergey Ordzhonikidze took part in the second Cooperation and Interaction was signed. Council (CESC). with Chinese partners. Deputy Secretary of conference on global security “Wanshou”, The parties exchanged views on the working which was organized by the Chinese People’s methods of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Association for Peace and Disarmament Federation and the ESEC of France in terms with the support and participation of the of mediating social protests, creating tools International Department of the Communist and mechanisms for communicating the Party of China Central Committee. Together demands of society to governing bodies and with other high-level experts from 20 authorities. countries, Sergey Ordzhonikidze took part in the discussion on global and regional security Another memorandum of cooperation issues and relations between the main players and mutual understanding was signed of the world politics. in Aachen during the participation of the delegation of the Civic Chamber of the The Economic, Social and Environmental Russian Federation in the XV Russian- Council (ESEC) of France, the oldest of German Twinned cities Conference “Ways these institutions in the world, has been of mutual understanding: partnerships searching for new democratic instruments as a link in the German-Russian dialog” in the conditions of people’s disappointment i.e. the Memorandum between the Civic in state institutions and their desire to Chamber of the Russian Federation and the take a greater part in decision-making, German-Russian Forum. The conclusion namely, solving the problem of “yellow of the Memorandum was an embellishing vests movement”. For the first time during expression of the desire of German society the existence of the Civic Chamber of the to cooperate with Russia, as opposed to the Russian Federation this year was marked current standoff at the official level.

128 129 Representatives of parliamentary structures Dialog Forum, organized by the Economic, The parties agreed to increase cooperation with representatives of Russian regional of Italian regions supported their German Social and Labor Council of South Korea at the level of civil society institutions, non-profit organizations176, Russian Foreign colleagues, who at a meeting in the Civic with the support of the International Labor which, in turn, would help strengthen the Minister S.V. Lavrov stated that the interest Chamber said that they in their country stood Organization and AICESIS. The key topic of the trend towards Eurasian cooperation. This of the Russian Foreign Ministry to strengthen for eliminating sanctions against Russia and international agenda of the Civic Chamber idea was also supported at the meeting of the position of Russian NPOs in the UN and restoring relations with Russia, and against was the prospects for the transformation the Deputy Secretary of the Civic Chamber to provide comprehensive support to the Europe’s Russophobe policies. of the global civil society in the context of S.A. Ordzhonikidze with the President of the Russian NPOs in obtaining status under the digitalization. Standing for the development Republic of Kazakhstan K.-J. K. Tokaev. UN Economic and Social Council. In December of this year the First International of public dialog in Asia, members of the Conference “From Inequality to Justice: Global delegation proposed expanding in the In the light of the announcement by the Speaking at the 41st session of the UN Experience and Solutions for Russia” has been traditional tripartite dialog by including President of the Russian Federation of Human Rights Council, member of the commemorated by signing the Memorandum large-scale international corporations of 2020 as a cross year with the Kyrgyz Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, on Cooperation between the Civic Chamber a new type, forming digital platforms for Republic and in order to further develop head of the regional Bulgarian national of the Russian Federation and the Social and business and changing the foundations of cooperation between representatives of and cultural autonomy of the Republic Economic Council of the Republic of Serbia. economic development for the whole world. non-governmental organizations the Civic of Crimea Ivan Abazher called on the UN Chamber held the international forum General Assembly to consider at a regular Traditionally important for the Civic In the Eurasian space, Russia is promoting “Kyrgyz Diaspora: Interregional public session the issue of the blockade of Chamber as a member of the AICESIS (The a project of economic integration. During organization “Kyrgyz Unity” – yesterday, Crimea by Ukraine and give it a principled International Association of Economic and the visit of the delegation of the Chamber today, tomorrow”175, the participants of the international assessment. In addition, he Social Councils and Similar Institutions) is the to Nur-Sultan (Republic of Kazakhstan), a forum assessed the role of diasporal public said that the Ukrainian state continued to exchange of views on strengthening trilateral Memorandum of Cooperation and Mutual associations in strengthening bilateral persecute Crimeans for political reasons, dialog, which helps to create a climate Understanding was signed between the relations. as well as restricting their freedom of of trust, increase production and labor Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation movement, which led to the impossibility of productivity and, as a result, faster economic and the Civil Alliance of Kazakhstan, which As part of the development of public family reunification and visits of relatives development. This year, the delegation of the unites more than a thousand NPOs of the diplomacy, the participation of members of the in Ukraine, as people were prosecuted in Civic Chamber, along with representatives country and plays the role of an ideological Civic Chamber in work at large international terms of criminal law if their political views of economic and social councils from 13 center for combining the interests of the venues with the goal of upholding the did not coincide with official policies of the Asian countries, took part in the Asia Social state and the civil sector in Kazakhstan. positions of Russia is important. At a meeting Kiev regime.

130 131 Along with it, and according to members of international cooperation and creating a the Chamber, special attention should be paid positive image of Russia abroad. to the republics of the former USSR, where, unfortunately, many of our compatriots are Every year, the geography of the Civic infringed on their rights and are subjected Chamber’s project called “Russky Ugolok” to discrimination in a various forms. In a is growing and the International Public number of countries, there is a rewriting of Fund “Russian Peace Fund”. For example, history that takes place to please nationalists multimedia textbooks on the study of the and pro-Western political forces; the use of Russian language were sent to the Russian the Russian language is limiting, not only in language school and the children’s art studio the field of education, but even in everyday in “MIR”, which is located in Reykjavik, the communication. capital of Iceland178. The Civic Chamber also advocates an increase in quotas for the In particular, the Civic Chamber of the Russian education of foreign students in Russia, in Federation issued an official statement particular from Laos and Cameroon. in connection with the entry into force of the law on the state language in Ukraine. In order to intensify the expert and public The statement condemns open-faced dialog on international relations in 2019, the discriminatory law against millions of its composition and the structure of the Russian citizens based on the language and calls on Civic Council for International Cooperation the Ukrainian authorities to comply with the and Public Diplomacy, established in 2012, Constitution of their country and to fulfill their were updated. international obligations. Over the past year, the Council held a number Over the past two years, the Civic Chamber of of round tables on such topics as “Russia The acute problems of information wars York, at the Organization for the Prohibition the Russian Federation has been collecting and Belarus: experience of a common were raised during the round table on the of Chemical Weapons in The Hague, on materials and organizing the protection of our history and a look into the future”, “Relations topic “Hype as a means of forming public the sidelines of the 40th session of the UN citizens, i.e. the colonel of the Soviet Army between Russia and Germany: historical opinion and mobilizing mass consciousness”, Human Rights Council in Geneva, as part of reserve, Kaliningrad resident Yuri Mel and his lessons”, “The role of the public in promoting organized by the Civic Chamber on the the annual OSCE Anti-Terrorism Conference colleague Gennady Ivanov living in Vilnius, who integration processes in the Eurasian space”, sidelines of the the Human Dimension in Bratislava, as well as as part of special were under unlawful criminal prosecution “Russia – NATO relations: modern trends of Implementation Meeting of OSCE. events for diplomats and experts held in in March 2019 convicted in the case of the development”, the Russian-German-French Berlin, Madrid, Paris, Singapore, Delhi and events of January 13, 1991 in Vilnius. The Civic trialogue “Architecture of Collective Security The “Independent Evaluation and Jakarta. Chamber is carefully studying the progress of in Europe: comprehension of new realities”, Dissemination of Information on the Activities the situation in order to carry out measures which had as main speakers, in particular, of the ‘White Helmets’ Organization — SUPPORT AND PROTECTION OF COMPATRIOTS to mobilize society in terms of supporting Deputy Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Accomplices of Terrorists and Sources ABROAD illegally convicted citizens of Russia and their Russian Federation A.V. Grushko, A.A. Pankin, of Misinformation Using the Potential immediate releasing from custody. Moreover, as well as State Secretary of the Union State of Russian Public Diplomacy” project, Issues of supporting compatriots traditionally there is and active work at place to further of Russia and Belarus G. A. Rapota. The introduced with the support of the Civic fall within the scope of activities of members develop, together with interested ministries discussions received a serious response, and Chamber, provoked a high-profile public of the Civic Chamber of the Russian and departments, public organizations and the Chamber’s proposals on improving the response in the international arena. As part Federation. The Russians remain one of the the expert community, a system of measures climate of international cooperation through of the project, more than 100 interviews largest divided peoples in the world. From 26 to protect compatriots subject to criminal the engagement of representatives of civil were conducted with former members of to 30 million of our compatriots live abroad. prosecution abroad, and to prepare specific society were sent to the relevant departments. the organization and the affected residents Participating in the forums of compatriots in proposals to the relevant authorities with the 177 of Syria, which was consequently resulted various countries, members of the Chamber authority to implement these proposals . COORDINATION COUNCIL ON COUNTER in a book in Russian and English. The emphasize the need to increase activity in TERRORISM materials obtained as a result of the study cooperation with compatriots abroad in order Another priority of the Civic Chamber is to were presented in 2019 at large international to promote the Russian language and form promote the study of the Russian language in Another important expert council of the venues: at the UN headquarters in New a pro-Russian cultural and political lobby. the world, which is a key tool for developing Civic Chamber is the Coordination Council

132 133 on Counter Terrorism, established in 2015, International Scientific and Practical headed by Deputy Secretary of the Civic Conference “Ways to achieve an interfaith Chamber of the Russian Federation S.A. peace: the role of prominent theologians, Ordzhonikidze. The Council includes a diplomats, and public figures” was held. number of working groups from prominent Experts and religious figures from 38 Russian religious scholars, representatives countries expressed mutual opinion on the of various religious faiths and public figures. need to consolidate efforts to harmonize The Council works to prevent threats interreligious relations, intercultural to national identity, state and personal relations and an effective ideological sovereignty, security and sustainable counteraction to modern threats and development of the Russian Federation, and challenges. is engaged in the prevention of terrorism and extremism. This led to creation of a As part of the strengthening interaction and group of young specialists, who conduct coordination of efforts with representatives work with social networks, talking about of the clergy all over the world, in the destructiveness of pseudo-religious particular, educational programs are ideology and posting anti-extremist content. being implemented jointly with religious organizations of Central Asia to prevent The website of the Civic Chamber receives interethnic and interreligious conflicts and reports on all cases of ideological to train highly qualified specialists among recruitment. religious figures.

With the support of the Coordinating In cooperation with regional civic chambers, Council for Countering Terrorism, the scientific and practical interregional

conferences were held in Tomsk, Irkutsk, have been developed. The working group on Volgograd, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo, Surgut, countering pseudo-religious extremism has Cheboksary and other constituent entities of developed a methodological manual for the the Russian Federation. Events are parallelled regions within this context. by meetings with the heads of the regions in order to discuss issues related to the The ideological support of a terrorist implementation of the Counter-Extremism orientation is actively being formed not only Strategy in the Russian Federation and the in open public space, but also in closed Concept of State Migration Policy of the penitentiary institutions. In order to prevent Russian Federation until 2025. extremism among those convicted, the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation published The Civic Chamber does not bypass the the “Collection of legal acts and information complex issues of social, legal and cultural materials on the prevention of pseudo- adaptation and integration of migrants in religious extremism and interaction with Russia. Within the framework of conferences religious organizations in the institutions of and round tables, as well as direct meetings penal system of the Russian Federation” for with representatives of the migrant representatives of civic chambers, religious community, new forms and tools for the organizations, the Federal Penitentiary prevention of the ideas of pseudo-religious Service, and public observation commissions, extremism and terrorism among labor and authorities of the constituent entities of migrants arriving from the CIS republics the Russian Federation.

134 135 around the national development agenda The key task of an active and responsible Conclusion is the key to value consolidation, the civil society is the formation of a public workability of political institutions and agenda in which the success of the “Russian social optimism. breakthrough” is inextricably linked with the concepts of patriotism and social justice that From the point of view of the state, a new are highly significant for most Russians. standard of relations with society implies a mutually responsible partnership. There The formation of a broad social coalition is the need to make efforts to convey to around the urgent goals of national the active and responsible citizens the development involves the preparation of essence of the transformations, their a substantive framework: corps of values, justification, hear concerns, and jointly norms and ideas that unite the majority build up tactics that minimize costs and of Russians, regardless of their religious, protests. Our country has many examples ethnic and social background, or their of such policies which should become the ideological preferences. standard. It is impossible to develop a common These conditions show that a necessary platform for consolidation and make it prerequisite for dynamic development a real tool for development by means of and a qualitative breakthrough is a broad bureaucratic methods. It can appear only constructive public discussion around the in the sphere where free creativity of active values and priorities demanded by the citizens is carried out, i.e. in the area of majority of the population. responsibility of civil society.

The development of civil society in Russia is a Today, this foundation helps in forming deep and multi-vector process that cannot be gradually a new approach, style and standard evaluated in simple categories as “more” – of civil society participation in the life of this “less” or “worse” – “better”. country – from control to participation. Its meaning centers around representatives The main trend of the last years has been the of civil society, their engagement in the growth of civic activism and self-organization. development of strategic projects. The Russian civil society has matured. As a fact preparation of the most important decisions there is a full-scale professional industry, should take place with the participation of which has been formed in the field of non- members of the public, among whom there profit sector. That is naturally to see in that are a lot of professionals, often people who in recent years the role and participation are even better than officials understand the of civil society in the development of this essence of matters. country has been steadily increasing. The immersion of each active and The main format for such participation is public responsible citizen is a criterion for the control, the commitment of society to adjust or success of strategic initiatives, and the cancel unsuccessful management decisions. formation of a kind of “responsible class”

136 137 14 Sevastopol Chamber is preparing for self-dissolution // Kommersant, 27.11.2019: Footnotes https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4171952 15 Civic chambers should more actively use the potential of Internet sites // Official 1 Report of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation dedicated to issues of the activities sociological portal of the Kursk region: https://clck.ru/KBska of public monitoring commissions in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 02/28/2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ 16 Survey description ref. link 11. files/1_2019dok/doklad_onk_28022019_1.pdf 17 Regional civic chambers actively use the potential of Internet sites // Kursk regional 2 The report “Demography – 2024. How to ensure sustainable natural growth of the news agency today, 21.11.2019: https://riakursk.ru/regionalnye-obshhestvennye-palaty-ak/ population in the Russian Federation, 24.06.2019: https://oprf.ru/files/1_2019dok/doklad_ OPRF_demografiya24062019_1.pdf 18 Based on the materials of the CC of Republic of Khakassia.

3 Special report “The participation of NPOs in the provision of services in the social 19 Based on the materials of the CC of Volgograd Region. sphere” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 05.11.2019: https://oprf.ru/ files/1_2019dok/doklad_uchastie_NKO_socuslugi05112019.pdf 20 What shall be public control // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 02.08.2019: https://oprf.ru/about/interaction/region_chambers/431/2584/ newsitem/50348 4 “Russian breakthrough” and the tasks of civil society” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 04.11.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/files/1_2019dok/ doklad_ 21 Based on the materials of the CC of Volgograd Region. rossiyskiy_proriv04112019.pdf 22 Based on the materials of the CC of St. Petersburg. 5 All-Russian survey “Family policy: support measures as viewed by families” https://www.oprf. ru/files/1_2019dok/itogi_opros_Semeinay_politika29112019.pdf 23 Based on the materials of the department of coordination with regional chambers and PMCs. 6 The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is ready actively support the development of rural employment // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 24 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Kaliningrad Region. 26.09.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50935 25 Bill “On Patrons and Patronage Activities” is included in the rule-making plan of the 7 In the Vladimir region discussed the route of passage of highway “Moscow” – “Kazan” Kursk Regional Duma for 2019 // Website of public legal organization “Tchelovek y zakon”, // Vladimir Vedomosti, 26.02.2019: https://vedom.ru/news/2019/02/26/33869-vo- 14.08.2019: http://человекизаконкурск.рф/zakonoproekt-o-metsenatah-i-metsenatskoj- vladimirskoj-oblasti-obsudili-marshrut deyatelnosti-vnesen-v-programmu- normotvorcheskoj-raboty-kurskoj-oblastnoj-dumy- na-2019-g/ 8 Igor Shpector will take control of the overhaul of the Volga M7 highway within the city of Pokrov // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation https://www. oprf.ru/ 26 Survey description ref. link 11. press/news/2019/newsitem/51691 27 Unless a different procedure for the formation of public councils under individual federal 9 Federal Law of June 23, 2016 No. 183-FZ “On General Principles of Organization and executive bodies is provided for by regulatory legal acts of the President of the Russian Activity of Civic Chambers of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” // Website Federation or the Government of the Russian Federation. of Russian President http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/40898 28 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On Amending Decree of the 10 Based on the materials of the civic chambers of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Government of the Russian Federation of August 2, 2005 No. 481 “On the Procedure for District – Ugra, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District and Krasnoyarsk Territory. the Formation of Civic Councils under Federal Ministries, which are Managed by the Government of the Russian Federation, Federal Services and Federal Agencies Subordinate 11 Survey of participants of “Community 2019” forums conducted by the analytical department to These Federal Ministries, as well as to Federal Services and Federal Agencies Led of the administrative office of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation. The total number of by the Government of the Russian Federation” // Website of Russian Government: forum participants is about 7,000 people, of which 1,340 people answered the survey. http://government.ru/docs/all/122575/

12 Survey description ref. link 11. 29 Survey description ref. link 11.

13 Survey description ref. link 11.

138 139 30 The Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation held a meeting of the Public Council under 44 Federal Law of March 6, 2019 No. 18-FZ “On Amending the Federal Law “On fundamental the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia // Ecological Press Center: http://ecopress. healthcare principles in the Russian Federation” on the provision of palliative care” // center/page6515508.html Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 11.03.2019: https://rg.ru/2019/03/11/18-fz-dok.html

31 Valery Fadeev: “Modernization in the field of housing and communal services can ensure 45 Small-size retail: to help business and save consumer interests // Website of the Civic economic growth” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 07.17.2019: Chamber of the Russian Federation, 23.01.2019: https://oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/2142/ https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50104 newsitem/47977

32 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Stavropol Territory. 46 Conclusion of the CC RF based on the results of a public expertise of federal bill No. 481004-7 “On State Regulation of Relations in the Field of Organization and Implementation 33 Civil Forum in Kaliningrad: the effectiveness of interaction between society and of the Transportation of Passenger by Taxi Cabs and Taxi Services, Amending Certain government // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 04.10.2019: Legislative Regulations of the Russian Federation and Revoke Certain Provisions of https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/51042 Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” and No. 428641-7 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in Terms of Compulsory Civil Liability Insurance 34 Monuments to the heroes of World War II in Crimea: to preserve and embellish // Site by Taxi Cabs Carriers” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation: https:// of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 05.08.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/ oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/ views/2587/newsitem/49613 news/2019/newsitem/50288 47 Conclusion of the CC RF based on the results of a public expertise of federal bill “On 35 Immortalizing the Memory of Those Who Died Protecting the Motherland: Pros and cons of Amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in Terms of Improvement of new bills // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 01.11.2019: https://www. Labor Regulation of Creative Professionals” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian oprf.ru/press/news/2018/newsitem/47159 Federation: https://oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/views/2587/newsitem/49273

36 “A task is to help a child”: experts discussed the reform of institutions for orphans // 48 Druzhinniki caught sitting ducks pedophiles // Utro.ru: https://utro.ru/articles/2011/ Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 01.11.2019: https://oprf.ru/ press/ 08/10/991465.shtml news/2019/newsitem/51375 49 Bill of the Ministry of Education: save teachers from paper work // Website of the Civic 37 Thousands of orphans remain in hospitals without adult care and supervision // Chamber of the Russian Federation 28.03.2019: https://oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/2142/ Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 20.09.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/ newsitem/48768 news/2019/newsitem/50838 50 Conclusion of the CC RF based on the results of a public expertise of federal 38 Kuznetsova will launch monitoring of palliative care for children in the regions // RIA bill No. 554026-7 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Novosti, 16.01.2019: https://ria.ru/20190116/1549460831.html Federation (Regarding a Ban on the Creation and Implementation of the Activities of Unitary Enterprises)” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation: 39 “There are more still to come to make Moscow a leader in palliative care” — Alexander https://www.oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/views/2587/newsitem/49693 Tkachenko // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 04.10.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50997 51 Conclusion of the CC RF based on the results of a public expertise of governmental bill of Russian Government “On Unitary Enterprises” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the 40 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber Komi Republic. Russian Federation: https://www.oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/views/2587/newsitem/50439

41 Federal Law of June 10, 2008 No. 76-FZ “On Public Control of Ensuring Human Rights 52 Conclusion of the CC RF based on the results of a public expertise of federal bill On in places of Detention and on Assistance to People in Places of Detention” // GARANT.RU: Memorising the Memory of the Victims in the Defense of the Motherland” and the draft http://ivo.garant.ru/#/document/12160914/paragraph/4285:0 order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation “On Establishing the Procedure for Interaction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation with State Authorities 42 “It is pleasant to see a growing interest to NPOs institution” — Maria Cannabih // of the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation, Local Self-Government and Public Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 08.10.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/ Organizations on the Issues of Memorising those Who Died During the Defense of the news/2019/newsitem/51034 Motherland, the Procedure for Verifying the Information Contained in the Names of Persons who Died During the Defense of the Motherland, and are Used When Inscribing 43 Guidance manual in help of members of the monitoring commissions of the constituent Memorials and Objects, as well as the List of Information on Persons Died during the entities of the Russian Federation // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, defense of the Motherland Indicated on Memorials” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the 17.07.2019: https://oprf.ru/files/uchebnoe_posobie17072019.pdf Russian Federation: https://www.oprf.ru/1449/2133/1537/views/2587/newsitem/50287

140 141 53 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Stavropol Territory. 69 Lithuania asks to introduce Internet censorship and ban Sputnik // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 19.06.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/832/ 54 “Residents must participate in shaping the urban environment” — Andrey Maksimov // newsitem/49762 Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 21.06.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ press/news/2019/newsitem/49815 70 A survey showed Russians’ attitude to social advertising // RIA Novosti 19.11.2019: https://ria.ru/20191119/1561109811.html 55 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Komi Republic. 71 Ministry of Economic Development introduced the concept of development of charity in 56 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Primorsky Territory. Russia // Miloserdie.ru, 12.02.2019: https://www.miloserdie.ru/news/minekonomrazvitiya- predstavilo-nko-kontseptsiyu-razvitiya-blagotvoritelnosti/ 57 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Bryansk Region. 72 95 steps to develop volunteering // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian 58 “Interactive budget for citizens”: indicator of public mood // Website of the Civic Federation, 03.07.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/49973 Chamber of the Russian Federation, 28.11.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ press/news/2019/ newsitem/51679 73 Volunteering today: digital platforms, online training, volunteering pro bono // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 01.11.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/ 59 “The territory is developing where the TGS is created” — Julia Ogloblin // Website of news/2019/newsitem/51412 the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 05.06.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ newsitem/49643 74 Survey description ref. link 11.

60 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Bryansk Region. 75 Survey description ref. link 11.

61 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Primorsky Territory. 76 Report “Corporate Volunteering Development Standard” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 04.02.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/files/1_2019dok/ standart_ 62 Activities of public institutions // the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Centre: korporativnogo_volonterstva04022019.pdf https://wciom.ru/news/ratings/ odobrenie_deyatelnosti_obshhestvennyx_institutov/ 77 Project “Never Expire”: anti-unconsciousness vaccination, opportunity to reach out to 63 Law on responsibility for insulting the state and social institutions is signed // Rossiyskaya young // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 19.03.2019: https://www. Gazeta, 18.03.2019: https://rg.ru/2019/03/18/podpisan-zakon-ob-otvetstvennosti-za- oprf.ru/ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/48645 oskorbleniia-gosudarstva-i-obshchestva.html 78 How do veterans of the Great Patriotic War live outside of Russia? // Website of the Civic 64 Law on blocking sites for “insulting the authorities is signed // Consultant Plus, Chamber of the Russian Federation, 15.05.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/ news/2019/ 18.03.2019: http://www.consultant.ru/law/hotdocs/57187.html/ newsitem/49340

65 The State Duma adopted a law on fines for fake news // Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 07.03.2019: 79 Report “Volunteering and charity in Russia and the tasks of national development” // https://rg.ru/2019/03/07/gosduma-priniala-zakony-o-blokirovke-i-nakazanii-za-fejki.html Agentsto sotsialnoy informatsii: https://www.asi.org.ru/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ Volonterstvo-i-blagotvoritelnost-NA-SAJT.pdf 66 Federal Law No. 90-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Communications” and the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and the Protection of 80 Federal Law of July 26, 2019 No. 245-FZ “On Amending the Federal Law “On the Information” Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Russian Federation” in Terms of Consolidating the Concepts of “socially responsible business“, and “socially responsible 67 Law on autonomous Russian Internet 2019 — What expect? // Construction portal “Dom entity” // GARANT.ru: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/72232770/ svoimi rukami”, 03.05.2019: https://www.allremont59.ru/news/zakon-ob-avtonomnom- rossijskom-internete-2019-chto-nas-zhdet.html#i 81 Alexander Tkachenko: “To include the topic of charity and mercy in in schools curriculum” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 05.07.2019: https://www.oprf. 68 Alexander Malkevich: “To resist the censorship of Western social media” // Website of the ru/ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50004 Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 06.08.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ press/news/2019/ newsitem/50294; https://www.levada.ru/2019/08/01/rossijskij-media-landshaft-2019/ 82 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Primorsky Territories.

83 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Stavropol Territory.

142 143 84 Special report “Participation of NPOs in Services of the Social Sphere” // Website of the 96 Ministry of Education accepts applications for grant competition for non-profit Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 11/05/2019: https://www.oprf.ru/files/1_2019dok/ organizations // Agentsto sotsialnoy informatsii, 22.02.2019: https://www.asi.org.ru/ doklad_uchastie_NKO_socuslugi05112019.pdf news/2019/02/22/ministerstvo-prosveshheniya-rf-prinimaet-zayavki-na-grantovyj- konkurs-dlya-nekommercheskih-organizatsij/ 85 Federal Law of December 28, 2013 No. 442-FZ “On the Basic of Socialcare in the Russian Federation” // Consultant Plus: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_ 97 March gives start to applications for a grant competition of the Ministry of Sports of LAW_156558/ the Russian Federation // Agentsto sotsialnoy informatsii, 25.02.2019: https://www.asi.org. ru/news/2019/02/ 25/v-marte-startuet-priem-zayavok-na-grantovyj-konkurs-ministerstva- 86 Federal Law of April 5, 2013 No. 44-FZ “On the Contract System in the Sphere of sporta-rf/ Procurement of Goods, Work, and Services for Ensuring State and Municipal Needs” // Consultant Plus: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_144624/. 98 “Each territory has its own zest and innovation in the field of NPO support” — Elena Topoleva-Soldunova // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 24.05.2019: 87 Special report “Participation of NPOs in Services of the Social Sphere” // Website of the https://www.oprf.ru/1449/2133/2552/2553/newsitem/49476 Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation: https://www.oprf.ru/files/1_2019dok/doklad_ uchastie_NKO_socuslugi05112019.pdf 99 “Some innovations are not found in any other region” — Elena Topoleva-Soldunova // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 24.06.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ 88 Federal Law of 03.07.2016 No. 287-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Non- press/news/2019/newsitem/49845 Profit Organizations” in Terms of Establishing the Status of a Non-Profit Organization – Contractor of Publicly Useful Services” // Consultant Plus: http://www.consultant.ru/ 100 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of St. Petersburg, document/cons_doc_LAW_200638/ 101 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Penza Region. 89 NPO is still not easy to obtain the status of an contractor of Publicly Useful Services // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 06.02.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ 102 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Stavropol Territory. press/news/2019/newsitem/48124 103 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Ulyanovsk Region. 90 Federal law “On Contract Systems in the Sphere of Procurement of Goods, Works and Services for Provisioning Governmental and Municipal Needs” of 05.04.2013 No. 44-FZ // 104 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. Consultant Plus: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_144624/ 105 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Republic of Tatarstan 91 Russia to create federal presentation platform to support socially oriented NPOs // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 20.06.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ 106 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Stavropol Territory. press/news/2019/newsitem/49778 107 Based on the materials of the Civic Chamber of Volgograd Region. 92 Universities and NPOs – speheres of mutual enrichment // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 28.10.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ 108 Survey description ref. link 11. newsitem/51292 109 Survey description ref. link 11. 93 “NPOs determined priorities by themselves”: Presidential Grants Fund Director – about bids // Agentsto sotsialnoy informatsii, 20.06.2019: https://www.asi.org.ru/news/2019/06/20/prioritety- 110 Vladimir Putin: the main task of national projects is a real positive changes in the life of every nko-opredelyayut-sami-direktor-fonda-prezidentskih-grantov-o-konkursnyh-zayavkah/ Russian citizen and every family // Website of Channel One https:// www.1tv.ru/news/2018- 10-25/354571-vladimir_putin_glavnaya_zadacha_natsproektov_realnye_pozitivnye_ 94 February 1 gives start to the first presidential grant competition in 2019 // Agentsto izmeneniya_v_zhizni_kazhdogo_rossiyskogo_grazhdanina_i_kazhdoy_semi sotsialnoy informatsii, 31.01.2019: https://www.asi.org.ru/news/2019/01/31/konkurs- prezidentskih-grantov-2019/ 111 Putin acknowledged difficulties with drawdown of funds for national projects // Izvestia, 20.11.2019: https://iz.ru/945329/2019-11-20/putin-priznal-trudnosti-s-osvoeniem- 95 2128 NPOs will receive presidential grants totaling 4.35 billion rubles based on the results sredstv-nanatcproekty?utm_source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop&utm_ of the second competition in 2019 // Presidential Grants Fund: https://президентские- referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fyandex.ru%2Fnews гранты. рф/public/news/2-128-nekommercheskikh-organizatsiy-poluchat-prezidentskie- granty- na-obshchuyu-summu-435-mlrd-rubley-po-itogam-vtorogo-konkursa-2019-goda 112 How to increase the efficiency of budget spending? // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 13.09.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50764

144 145 113 The government proposed to remove intermediate goals from national projects // RBK, 127 Petition for increasing alcohol threshold sale to 21 years: https://clck.ru/JeM2P 19.06.2019: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/19/06/2019/5d0a0f5e9a79472dca232c78 128 The Ministry of Finance allowed an increase in age for the purchase of alcohol to 114 Business in Russia: view from inside // the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Centre: 21 years // RIA Novosti, 15.07.2019: https://ria.ru/20190715/1556542847.html?utm_ 11.07.2019: https://infographics. wciom.ru/theme-archive/society/social-problems/most- source=yxnews&utm_medium=desktop serious-problems/article/ biznes-v-rossii-vzgljad-iznutri.html 129 “If people receive detailed information on the composition of cigarettes, many will stop 115 REPORT TO RF PRESIDENT — 2019 // the Businesspersons’ Rights Commissioner for the smoking” — Sultan Khamzaev // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, President of the Russian Federation: http://doklad.ombudsmanbiz.ru/doklad_2019.html 31.05.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/49576

116 Children’s special: new payments to families will require about 60 billion // Izvestia, 130 Sober Russia against drugs: regions rate // Website of the federal project “Sober 21.06.2019: https://iz.ru/891094/anna-ivushkina/detskie-osobye-na-novye-vyplaty-semiam- Russia”, 24.06.2019: http://www.trezvros.ru/calendar/798 potrebuetsia-okolo-60-mlrd 131 Sober Russia — Sobriety Lesson! // YouTube, 18.08.2014: https://www.youtube.com/ 117 “Society has become more sensitive to social injustice” — Lidia Mikheeva // Website of the watch?v=IOn8ZJf4EV4 Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 10.12.2019: https://oprf.ru/ press/news/2019/ newsitem/51823 132 “The report on the operation of the TRP complex should not resemble the report of the five-year plan of the Communist Party” — Sultan Khamzaev // Website of the Civic 118 Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 14, 2019 No. 8 “On the Chamber of the Russian Federation, 27.03.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ Establishment of a Public Law Company for the Formation of the Integrated Solid Utility Waste newsitem/48753 Management System“ Russian Environmental Operator ” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation: https://oprf.ru/press/832/newsitem/47905 133 The list of instructions following the meeting of the Council for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports // Website of Russian President, 30.04.2019: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/ 119 Audit of the waste management industry 2019 // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian assignments/orders/60467 Federation: https://www.oprf.ru/ru/1449/2133/1459/2589/2590/newsitem/48024 134 “If the instructions of the President are not carried out in the future, we will report 120 Problems of “garbage reform” in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation // NP the country’s leadership” — Irina Viner-Usmanova // Website of the Civic Chamber of the “National Center for Public Control in the field of housing and communal services “GKH Kontrol”, Russian Federation, 10.07.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50035 02.04.2019: http://gkhkontrol.ru/2019/04/53214 135 The list of instructions following the meeting of the Presidential Council for the 121 Problems of “garbage reform” in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation // NP Development of Physical Culture and Sports, held on October 10, 2019 // Website of Russian “National Center for Public Control in the field of housing and communal services “GKH Kontrol”, President, 22.11.2019 http://kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/62119 02.04.2019: http://gkhkontrol.ru/2019/04/53214 136 Open platform Sports Russia: https://www.infosport.ru/ 122 Nature conservation areas: to find a balance between the rights of residents and the conservation of nature // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 13.11.2019: 137 Federal Law of August 2, 2019 No. 303-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Physical https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/51497 Culture and Sport in the Russian Federation” in Terms of Improving the Activities of Fitness Centers” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 09.08.2019: https://rg.ru/2019/08/09/azakony-dok.html 123 “Our book on ecology is able to reach every reader” — Anna Churakova // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 12.07.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ press/news/2019/ 138 The State Duma approved the first reading of the law on fitness // Website of the newsitem/50084 Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 10.07.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ newsitem/50049 124 All-Russian survey “Family policy: support measures as viewed by families” (monitoring results) // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 29.11.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ 139 “Sports federations must be involved in the design of sports facilities” — Sergey Kashnikov // files/1_2019dok/itogi_opros_Semeinay_politika29112019.pdf Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 25.09.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/ news/2019/newsitem/50889 125 Dwelling for orphans and babysitters in hospitals: in the CC RF discussed the implementation of the Decade of childhood // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian 140 A new view at health tourism in Russia // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 29.03.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/48805 Federation, 28.06.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/49924

126 “Professional babysitters to children!”: training seminars // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 21.06.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ru/press/anno/ newsitem/49701 146 147 141 “If the instructions of the President are not carried out in the future, we will report 154 Diagnosis of Mental Disorders: modern toolkit // Website of the Civic Chamber of the the country’s leadership” — Irina Viner-Usmanova // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 15.05.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ru/press/ news/2019/newsitem/49344 Russian Federation, 10.07.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50035 155 Diana Gurtskaya: “Our task is to create all conditions for the successful treatment of children” 142 No return to the budget model of compulsory medical insurance // Website of the // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 06.03.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation 22.04.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ press/news/2019/newsitem/48490 newsitem/49128 156 Tatyana Golikova held a meeting of the Board of Trusteeship in the socialcare // Website 143 Gorky Automobile Plant joined the gymnastics in the framework of the forum “Russia of Russian Government, 28.03.2019: http://government.ru/news/36215/ is a sports power”//Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 18.10.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/blog/?id=2726 157 Valery Fadeev: “We need a clear and understandable housing policy” // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 09.10.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/ 144 “Life in closed cities: escalate problem to a strategic level” // Website of the Civic Chamber news/2019/newsitem/51063 of the Russian Federation, 28.02.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/48375 158 20 key barriers to individual housing: assessment of residents of the Central Federal District 145 Palliative care in Russia: improve quality and accessibility by eliminating gaps in // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 08.10.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ legislation // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 30.01.2019: press/news/2019/newsitem/51032 https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/48049 159 Superservice and competence centers – an impulse to the development of individual 146 “Are we ready to give part of ourselves to bring someone back to life?” — Vyacheslav housing construction // СWebsite of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 05.11.2019: Bocharov // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 06.11.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/51391 https:// oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/51415 160 “Approval of passport of the priority project on the main direction of the strategic development 147 Parking benefits for disabled persons: how to end regional discrimination? // Website of the Russian Federation “Formation of a comfortable urban environment” // Website of of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 08.02.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/ Russian Government, 05.12.2016: http://government.ru/projects/selection/649/25517/ news/2019/newsitem/48159 161 Housing and communal services control exists! // Website of the Civic Chamber of the 148 Disabled persons will have easy access to free parking // Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 27.06.2019: Russian Federation: https://www.oprf.ru/ru/blog?id=1398 https://rg.ru/2019/06/27/invalidam-uprostiat-dostup-k-besplatnoj-parkovke.html 162 Overhaul, emergency housing and road construction: public involvement // Website of 149 “Tourism as an intensive form of social adaptation of people with disabilities” // Bulletin of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 31.10.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ youth tourism and recreation, 14.05.2019: https://tour-vestnik.ru/turizm-kak-intensivnaya- newsitem/51353 forma-socialnoj-adaptacii-lyudej-s-ogranichennymi-vozmozhnostyami-zdorovya 163 Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 23, 2019 No. 510-r “On 150 Disabled persons on the labor market: myths and reality // Website of the Civic approval of the Methodology for the Formation of an Urban Environment Quality Index” // Chamber of the Russian Federation, 18.04.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/ GARANT.ru: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/72104984/ newsitem/49065 164 National program of the far east development until 2025 // Website of the Ministry of the 151 On the concept of activity and development prospects of the Center for Socio-cultural Russian Federation for the Development of the Russian Far East: https://www.dv2025.ru/ Rehabilitation by Diana Gurtskaya // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 26.11.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/files/1_2019dok/prezentaciya_Centra_Diani_ 165 The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation is ready to actively support Gurckaya26112019.pdf the development of rural employment // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 26.09.2019: https://oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50935 152 Alternative to living in neuropsychiatric boarding schools: consider all possibilities // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 16.04.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ 166 Survey from January 15 to 28. 1,668 respondents. ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/49003 167 “Training is a priority part of the “Teacher of the Future” project”– Lyudmila Dudova // 153 Socially responsible businesspersons: Natalya Malykh, Waldorf doll and the “Otradny Sad” Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 24.10.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ // Agentsto sotsialnoy informatsii, 31.07.2015: https://www.asi.org. ru/news/2015/07/31/ press/news/2019/newsitem/51243 sotsialnye-predprinimateli-natalya-malyh-valdorfskaya-kukla-otradnyj-sad/

148 149 168 The survey was conducted by the commission of the Civic Chamber for the development of education and science from April 10 to 25. 16 ths. respondents The survey was conducted by self-filling in an electronic questionnaire.

169 Survey description ref. link 168.

170 Admission campaign 2019: numbers, dates and terms // Ekzamen.ru: https://www.examen. ru/ news-and-articles/news/priemnaya-kampaniya-2019-czifryi-datyi-i-sroki/#hcq=7ViChwr

171 Living Heritage. National map of local cultural brands of Russia // https://livingheritage.ru/

172 Get to know Russia. Russia Volunteers Unified information system // https:// добровольцы- россии.рф/projects/10122

173 Federal Law of May 1, 2019 No. 70-FZ “On Amendments to Articles 1 and 8 of the Federal Law“ On Procurement of Goods, Work, Services by Certain Types of Legal Entities” and the Federal Law “On the Contract System in the Sphere of Procurement of Goods, Work and Services to meet state and municipal needs” (not active) // Garant.ru: https://www.garant. ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/72135220/

174 President of Russia signed the Federal Law on amendments to the legislation on the contract system of public procurement in the field of culture // Website of Russian Government, 01.05.2019: http://government.ru/activities/selection/525/36721/

175 “It is important to expand scientific, business and public cooperation between Russia and Kyrgyzstan” – Elena Sutormina // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 30.09.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50946

176 Indeed, today, NPOs are the agents of public diplomacy” – Elena Sutormina // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 26.06.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/press/ news/2019/newsitem/49864

177 “He ended up in prison for being a young lieutenant, fulfilling his duty and order”// Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 20.09.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/50844

178 “Russky Ugolok” in Iceland: Reykjavik school teaches Russian language using multimedia programs // Website of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation, 15.02.2019: https://www.oprf.ru/ru/press/news/2019/newsitem/48241

150 STATE OF THE CIVIL SOCIETY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

REPORT FOR 2019

www.oprf.ru